Blagrave's supplement or enlargement to Mr. Nich. Culpeppers English physitian containing a description of the form, names, place, time, coelestial government, and virtues, all such medicinal plants as grow in England, and are omitted in his book, called, The English-physitian, and supplying the additional virtues of such plants wherein he is defective : also the description, kinds, names, place, time, nature, planetary regiment, temperature, and physical virtues of all such trees, herbs, roots, flowers, fruits, excrescencies of plants, gums, ceres, and condensate juices, as are found in any part of the world, and brought to be sold in our druggist and apothecaries shops, with their dangers and corrections / by Joseph Blagrave ... ; to which is annexed, a new tract for the cure of wounds made by gun-shot or otherways, and remedies for the help of seamen troubled with the scurvy and other distempers ...

Comin.

Name.] IT hath no other names, there are two kinds hereof Garden Comin and wild Comin.

Descript.] The Garden Comin, hath a straight stem, with divers branches,

the leaves be jagged not much unlike Fennel, the flowers grow in rundells or spiky tops, like Annise, Fennel or Dill, the seed is brown and long.

The wild Comin hath a brittle stalk of a span long, upon which grow four, or five leaves all jagged or snipt, or dented round about.

Place.] The Garden Comin groweth in Ethiopia, Aegypt, Galatia, lesser Asia, and Cicily: from whence the seed is brought to us.

Government and Vertues.] The seed is hot and dry in the third de∣gree, and solar.

Comin scattereth and breaketh windiness of the Sto∣mack, Bowels and Matrix; it is singular against Gripings, and frettings of the Bowells, either to be received at the Mouth; administred in Clisters, or outwardly applied pultis-wise with barly-meal.

The same eaten or drunken is very good for the Cough, Colds, stoppings in the Breast; and if it be drunk in Wine, it is good for those that are hurt with any Venemous beast, it asswageth swellings of the Cods and Stones, being applied pultis wise.

The same mingled with Yuray meal and pulpe of raisins, and applied to the Belly, stops the inordinate flux of Wo∣mens courses.

Comin-seed pounded and given to smell to, with Vine∣gar stops bleeding at Nose.

Capers.

Names.] NAmes, it hath none but Capers, or Cappers.

Descript.] It is a prickly plant or bush almost like the bramble, with many branches spread abroad and stretched along the ground, upon which do grow hard, sharp, and crooked prickles, with blackish round leaves standing one against another, not much unlike the leaves of Assarabacca, or the leaves of a Quince-tree but much rounder, amongst the leaves spring up small knops or buds, which do open into fair starlike flowers of a pleasant smell, after which, cometh the fruit, which is long and round, and hath in it small corns or kernells, the root is long and woodish covered with a thick bark or rind, very useful in Physick.

Place.] Capers grow in rough untilled places in stony sandy ground, and by hedges sides in Spain and Italy, and other hot Countries, the fruit and flowers, are brought unto us from Spain, preserved in pickle.

Government and Virtues.] Capers are plants of Mars, hot and dry in the second degree, and somwhat astringent, the bark of the root, is most used in Physick; the flowers and leaves are not so strong in ope∣ration, and are an excellent sawce.

The bark of the Caper roots is good against the hardness and stop∣ping

of the Spleen to be taken with Oxymel, or mingled with oyles or oyntments for that purpose, and outwardly applied upon the region of the Spleen, the root hereof is good in decocti∣on, to be given in drink to such as are troubled with the Sciatica and Palsy, and to such as are hurt or bruised by falls or otherwise; it mightily provokes Urine and stirrs up wo∣mens courses, the fruit and leaves have the like virtue as the roots, but not so strong, the seed of Capers boyled in Vine∣gar and kept warm in the Mouth asswageth the Tooth-ach, the juice of the leaves, flowers and young fruit of Capers killeth Worms in the Eares, being dropped therein; the Capers which are brought into this Country preserved in pickle, be∣ing eaten are meat and medicine, for it stirreth up appetite, fortifies the Stomack, openeth obstructions of the Liver and Spleen, and con∣sumeth and wasteth cold flegm that is gathered about the Stomack.

Soldonella.

Names.] IT is called also in some places Sea-cawle, and in Dutch Zee-wind; but in shops, it is known by the name of Soldo∣nella or Brassica-marina.

Descript.] Soldonella hath many small branches somewhat red, by which it spreadeth and creepeth along the ground, covered here and there with little round green leaves, rounder and smaller then leaves of Assaraba∣na, the flowers are red, or carnation colour, the seed is black and groweth in husks or round Cods, the root is small and long; the leaves have a saltish tast.

Place.] This herb groweth abundantly in Zealand, upon the Sea-banks, and in most salt grounds and Marshes, which the Sea flowes over.

Time.] It floureth in June, after which time it is fit to be gathered, and kept to serve in medicine.

Government and Vertues.] It is hot and dry in the third degree a martial plant; it purgeth very forceably down all watry hu∣mors; and opens obstructions of the Liver, and is given with good successe to hydropicall people; the best way to give it, is boyled with the broth of fat flesh, or else it may be dri∣ed and taken in powder, but if it be taken in powder alone, it hurteth and troubleth the Stomack, the correcters of it are Anniseeds, Ginger and Cynnamon, and a good quantity of Sugar, and so taken altogether.

The Carob-tree.

Names.] IT is called in shops Xylocaracta, Carob and Carobs.

Descript.] This fruit groweth upon a great tree whose branches are small and covered with a red bark, the leaves be long and spread abroad after the manner of Ashen leaves, consisting of six or seven small leaves growing by a rib, one against another, of a sad dark green co∣lour above, and of a light green underneath, the fruit is certain crooked cods or husks, sometimes of a foot and an half long, and as broad as ones thumb; sweet, in the husk is contained seed, which is great, plain, and of a Chestnut colour.

Place.] This plant grows in Spain, Italy, and other hot Countries.

Government and Vertues.] The fruit of the Carob-tree, is some what hot and dry, and astringent, especially when it is fresh and green, some∣what subject to the influence of Saturn, the fresh and green Carobs do gently loose the belly, but are somewhat hard of digestion; & if eaten in great quantity hurtful to the Stomack; but being dried they stop fluxes of the belly, provoke Urine, and are not preju∣dicial to the Stomack, being much fitter to be eaten, then the Carobs which are fresh gathered or green.

Cassia-fistula.

Names.] IT it called Cassia in the cane, but is usual known by the ge∣neral name of Cassia-fistula in most Countries.

Descript.] The tree which beareth the canes hath leaves not much un∣like those of the Ash-tree, they be great, long, and spread abroad, made of many leaves, growing one against another, along by one stem, the fruit is round, long, black, and with woodish huskes or Cods; most commonly two foot long, and as thick as ones thumb; severed or parted in the inside, into divers small cells or Chambers, wherein lyeth flat, and brownish seed laid toge∣ther with the pulpe, which is black, soft, and sweet, and is called the flower, marrow, or cream of Cassia, and is very useful and profitable in medicine.

Place.] It groweth in Syria, Arabia, and the East-Indies, and in the West, as Jaimaca.

Government, Nature, and Vertues.] The black pulpe or moist sub∣stance of Cassia, is of a gentle temperature, moderatly hot and moist in the first degree, under the Government of Venus; the inner pulpe of Cassia is a sweet and pleasant medicine, and may safely be given to all weak people as women with Child, and young Children.

It looseth the belly gently, and moderatly purgeth chole∣rick humors, and slimy flegm, gathered about the Guts; to

be taken the quantity of an ounce, at a time.

Cassia is excellent good for those who are troubled with hot Agues, the Pleurisie, Jaundies, or any inflamation of the Liver especially being mixed with waters, drinks or he••bs that be of a cooling nature. It is good to cleanse the Reines and Kidneys, it driveth forth Gravel and the Stone, and is a preservative against the Stone, to be drunk in the decoction of Liquorish, and Parsly roots, or Ciches. It is good to gargle with Cassia to asswage and mitigate swel∣lings of the Throat, and to dissolve, ripen and break imposthumes and Tumors.

Avicen writeth that Cassia being applied to the part greived with the Gout, asswageth the pain.

Wild-Carrot.

Names.] THere is one kind that groweth not in England, which is called Daucus Cretensis, because it groweth in Crete or Candy, or Daucus of Candy, the wild Carrot which groweth here, is also Daucus, and often passeth in shops for the true Daucus of Crete, it is also called birds-nest, from the great tufts of the flowers resembling a birds-nest.

Descript.] The Daucus Cretensis is a tender herb having a stalk of a span long set with leaves a great deal smaller, and more tender then the leaves of Fennel; at the top of the stalk grow little spikey tufts, with white flowers like unto the tops of Coriander, yeelding a little long, rough white seed of a good savor and sharp tast, the root is of the thickness of ones finger, and about a span long.

The Wild-Carrot or birds-nest, hath leaves like Coriander but greater, and not much unlike the leaves of the yellow garden Carrot, the flowers be white, growing upon tufts or rundells, like to the tuffets of the yellow Carrots, in the middle whereof there is found a little small flower or twaine, of a brown red colour turning towards black, the seed is long, and hairy; the root is small and hard.

Place.] The true Daucus groweth in Candy, in stony places that stand in the Sun, the other groweth in this Country, about the borders of Fields, in stony places and by the way sides.

Time.] This last kind floureth in July and August.

Government and Vertues.] The seeds of Daucus are hot and dry al∣most unto the third degree under the influence of Mercury, the seed beaten and drunk in Wine, is good against the Strangury, and painful making of Water, Gravel and Stone, it pro∣vokes Urine, and Womens Courses and expells the dead child and Secondine.

It asswageth the tormenting pains of Gripings in the Guts, dissolveth Wind, cureth the Cholick and is good to ripen an old Cough.

The same drunk in Wine is good against bitings of Vene∣mous beasts; and being pounded and applied, it scatter∣eth cold swellings and dissolveth Tumors.

The root of Daucus of Candy, drunk in Wine stoppeth the Lask, and is a soveraign remedy against Venom and Poyson.

Cedar-tree.

Names.] THere be two kinds hereof, the great Cedar-tree, and the small Cedar; out of the great tree issueth a white Rozen, called in Latine Cedria, and Liquor Cedrinus, or Liquor of Cedar.

Descript.] The great Cedar, groweth very tall, high, great and thick, the bark from the foot of the stem, unto the first branches is rough, and from thence up to the top, it is smooth and plain, of a dark blew colour, out of which there droppeth white Rozen of his own kind, which is moist, odoriferous, or of a sweet smell, and by the heat of the Sun it be∣comes dry and hard; the Limbs and branches of this tree be long, and parted into many other small branches, standing directly or right, one against another, like those of the Firre-tree, the said branches be garnished with many small little leaves, thick, short, and having a sweet savor the fruit is like that of the Firre-tree, but that it is greater, thicker & harder, the whole tree groweth strait up like the Firre-tree.

Of their smaller Cedar there be two kinds, the first kind of small Cedar is much like to Juniper, but somwhat smaller, the stem is crook∣ed or writhed, and covered with a rough bark, the fruit is round berries like Juniper berries, but somewhat greater of colour; at the first green, then yellow, and at last reddish, of an indifferent good tast.

The second kind of small Cedar groweth not high; but remaineth small and low, like the other, the leaves of this are not prickly but somewhat round and mossey at the ends, almost like the leaves of Tamarisk, and Savin, the fruit of this kind, beareth also round berries, which at first are green afterwards yellow, and when they are ripe, they become reddish, and are bitter in tast.

Place.] The great Cedar groweth in Africa and Syria, and upon the Mountains of Libanus, Amanus and Taurus.

The second kind groweth in Phoenicia, and in certain places of Italy, in Calabria, and also in Languedoc.

The third kind groweth in Lycia, and is found in certain parts of France, as in Provence and Languedoc.

Time.] The great Cedar perfecteth his fruit in two years, and it is

ever without fruit, which is ripe at the beginning of Winter, the small Cedar-trees be alwayes green and Loaden with fruit, having at all times upon them fruit both ripe and unripe, as hath Juniper.

Government and Vertues.] The great Cedar is under the dominion of the Sun, the smaller of Mars; the Cedar is hot and dry in the third de∣gree, the Rozen or Liquor Cedria which runneth forth of the great Ce∣dar tree, is hot and dry almost in the fourth degree, and of subtil parts.

The fruit of the small Cedar is also hot and dry, but more moderatly;

Cedria that is, the liquor or Gum of Cedar, swageth the Tooth-ach, being put into the hollowness of the same, also it cleareth the sight, and taketh away spots and scars of the Eyes, being laid thereon, the same dropped into the Ears, with Vinegar killeth the Worms of the same; and with the Wine of the decoction of hysop, it cureth the noise and ringing in the Eares, and makes the Hearing good.

The old Egyptians did use in times past, to preserve their dead bodies with this Cedria, for it keepeth the same whole, and preserveth them from corruption, but it consumeth and corrupteth living flesh, it killeth Lice, Mothes, Worms and all such Vermine, so that they will not come near it.

The Fruit of the Cedar, is good to be eaten against the Strangury, it provokes Urine, and brings down Womens Courses.

Cistus.

Kinds and Names.] OF this there be two sorts, the first called Cistus non Ladanisera, because it beareth no Lada∣num, the other is a plant of a woody substance, upon which is found that fat liquor or gum called Ladanum.

The first kind which yeeldeth no Ladanum, is also of two sorts, viz. the Male and Female.

The Male beareth red flowers, the Female white in all things else, the one is like the other; out of the root of the Female Cistus is drawn forth a sap or liquor called Hippocistis.

The second kind of Cistus is called also Ledum and Ladum, the fat Liquor which is gathered from it, is called Ladanum, and in shops Lapdanum.

Descript.] The first kind of Cistus, which beareth no Ladanum, hath round hairy stalks, and stems with knobbed joints, and full of branches, the leaves be roundish, and covered with a cotton or soft hair, not much unlike the leaves of Sage, but shorter and rounder, the flowers grow at the tops of the stalks, of the fashion of a single Rose, whereof the Male kind is of co∣lour red, and the Female white, at the last they change into knops, or

huskes wherein the seed is contained.

There is found a certain excrescence or out-growing, about the root of this plant, which is of colour, sometimes yellow, sometimes white, and sometimes green, out of which is artificially drawn a certain juice, which in shops is called Hypocistis, and is used in medicine.

The second kind of Cistus, which is also called Ledon, is a plant of a woody substance▪ growing like a little tree or shrub, with soft leaves, in figure not much unlike the others, but longer and browner, upon the leaves of this plant is found that fat substance called Ladanum, which is found growing upon the leaves about Midsommer, and the hotest daies.

Place.] The first kind of Cistus groweth in Italy, Cicily, Candy, Cyprus, Languedoc, and other hot Countries in rough and untilled places.

The second kind groweth also in Crete, Cyprus, and Languedoc.

Time.] The first kind of Cistus floureth in June and sometimes sooner.

The second kind of Cistus, floureth and bringeth forth seed in the spring time, and immediately after the leaves fall off, and about Mid∣sommer there cometh new leaves again, upon which leaves in the hot∣est daies, is found a certain fatness which is, diligently gathered and dryed, and makes that Gum which is called Lapdanum.

Government and Vertues.] These plants are governed by Jupiter, the flowers and leaves of Cistus are dry in the second degree, and some∣what astringent; that which groweth about the roots is of like tempe∣rature but more astringent; Lapdanum is hot in the second degree al∣most, and is somewhat dry and astringent.

The flowers of Cistus, boyled in Wine and drunk, stoppeth the Lask, and all issues of bloud and dryes up superfluous moisture, as well of the Stomack, as other parts of the belly, the leaves do cure and heal green wounds being laid there∣upon.

Hypocistis stoppeth all Fluxes of the belly, and is of a stronger operation then the flowers and leaves of Cistus, wherefore it cureth the bloody Flux and the immoderate overflowing of Womens Courses.

Ladanum drunk with old Wine, stoppeth the Lask, and provoketh Urine; It is very good against the hardness of the Matrix or Mother, laid to in manner of a pessary, it draweth down the secondine or afterbirth, when it is laid upon quick-coales, and the fumigation, or smoak thereof be received up into the Matrix: the same applied to the head with Myrrhe or oyl of Myrrhe, cureth the scurff thereof, and keep∣eth the hair from falling off, if it be droped into the Eares with honied Water or Oyle of Roses, it healeth pains in the Eares. It taketh away the Scars of wounds being applied thereunto with Wine, it is also very profitably mixed with∣all

unguents and plaisters that serve to heat, moisten and asswage pains; and for such as be laid to the breast against the Cough.

Cockle.

Names.] IT is called also Nigell-weed, Field-Nigella and Cockle:

Descript.] It hath straight slender hairy stems, the leaves be also long, narrow, hairy and grayish, the flowers are of a brown purple co∣lour, changing towards red, divided into five small leaves, not much differ∣ing from the proportion of Wild Campions; after which, there groweth round cups, wherein is contained plenty of seed of a black, brown colour.

Place.] It is two frequent amongst Corn, Wheat, Rye and Barly.

Time.] It flowers in May, June and July.

Government and Vertues.] This unprofitable guest amongst Corn, is of a Saturnine quality, causeth giddinesse of the Head, and stupifies, if it get amongst the Corn to be made with it into bread, and howsoever taken it is dangerous and hurtful, although some ignorant persons have mistaken it for the right Nigella, or used it instead Yuray or Darnell, to the great danger of the patient.

Corn-flour.

Names.] IT is also called Blew-bottle, Hurt-Sicle and Blew-blow, great Corn-flour, and Wild-corn-flour.

Descript.] Corn-flour hath a crested stalk, upon the which grow narrow, sharp-pointed and grayish leaves notched or cut, about the edges, and sharp corners like teeth, about the top of the stalks, it beareth small round buttons which be rough and scaly, out of which grow pleasant flowers of five or six jagged leaves, most commonly blew, especially the wild kind, which being va∣nished, there groweth in the scaly huskes or heads certain long seeds, which are incl••sed in a hairy down or Cotton.

Place.] It groweth in the fields amongst Corn, but especially a∣mongst Rye, there are other kinds which have whi••e and purple flo∣wers which are planted in Gardens of Herbarists, and of them called Cyanus.

Time.] These flowers do flourish from May, untill August.

Government and Vertues.] Corn-flour is cold and dry, a plant of the Lunar influence, and is appropriate to the Eyes, Corn-flour bruised or pou••ded and laid to the Eyes, cureth any redness, running or inflamation thereof, or any kind of Tumor or hot inflamation or Tumor about the Eyes.

Distilled water of Corn-flour or Cyanus, cureth redness and pain of the Eyes, either being dropped into the Eyes, or the Eyes washed therewith.

Coryander.

Names.] IT is called in shops Coryandrum, in English Coryander, and of some Colyander.

Description.] This is a stinking plant, it beareth a round stalk, full of branches of a foot and an half long, the leaves are whitish, all jagged and cut, the under leaves that spring up first are almost like the leaves of Cher∣vil or Parsly, and the upper leaves are not much unlike the same, or rather like to Fumitory leaves, but a great deal tenderer and more jagged, the flo∣wers be white, and grow in round tuffets, the seed is all round, and hollow within and of a very pleasant sent when it is dry, the root is hard and of a woody substance.

Place.] It is sown in Gardens and loveth a good Soyle.

Time.] It flowereth in July and August, and the seed is ripe shortly after.

Government and Vertues.] The green plant is cold and dry of a Satur∣nine quality, hurtful to the body; but the sweet-savoring seed, is of a warm temperature, and useful for many purposes, the seed of Coryan∣der, being prepared, and taken alone or covered with Su∣gar, after meales, closeth up the mouth of the Stomack, stayeth Vomiting and helpeth digestion, the same rosted or parched, and drunk in Wine killeth and bringeth forth Worms out of the body, and stoppeth the Lask and bloody Flux and all other extraordinary issues of blood.

Coryander, ought not to be covered with Sugar or to be put into any meat or medecine nor used any way unprepared, the way of preparing it, is after this manner, viz. Take of the seed of Coryander well dried, and pour thereupon good strong Wine and Vinegar mixed together, and so leave them to steep by the space of four and twenty hours; then take the seeds out of the Liquor and dry them, & so keep them to be used in medicine, the green herb Coryander being boyled with crums of whitebread, or barly meal, consumeth and driveth away hot Tumors; swellings and inflamations; and with bean-meal, it dissolveth the Kings-evil, hard knobs, and Worms, the juice ap∣plied with Ceruse, Litharge of Silver, Vinegar and oyl of Roses, cureth St. Anthonies-fire, and asswageth, and easeth the pains of all inflamations.

Coloquintida.

Names.] I It is also called, Wild-bitter-gourd, and the fruit Coloquint-Apple.

Descript.] Coloquintida creepeth with his branches along by the ground, with rough hairy leaves of a grayish colour, much cloven or cut, the flowers are bleak or pale, the fruit round of a green colour at the beginning, and af∣ter yellow, the bark thereof is neither thick nor hard, the inner part or pulpe is open and spongy, full of gray seed in tast very bitter; the which is dryed and kept for medicinal use.

Place.] Coloquintida, groweth in Italy and Spain, from which places the dryed fruit is brought unto us.

Time.] Coloquintida bringeth forth his fruit in September.

Nature and Vertues.] It is under the planetary influence of Mars, of temperature hot and dry in the third degree; the white or inward pith or pulpe of the Apple, taken about the waight of a scruple, openeth the belly mightily, and purgeth grosse Flegm and Cholerick humors, and cleanseth the Guts of slimy filthiness, and stinking corruption, which oftentimes sticketh amongst them, and causeth those greivous pains, Gripings, and wamblings of the belly, and if taken in too great quantity, it causeth blood to come forth; like vertue it hath if it be boyled, or laid to soke in honied water; or any other liquor and after given to be drunken; it profiteth much against all cold dangerous sicknesses, Giddiness of the head, pain to fetch breath, the Cholick, looseness of the Sinews, and places out of joynt; for all the same purposes, it may be put into cli∣sters, and suppositories; that are put into the fundament, the oyl wherein Coloquintida, hath been boyled being dropped into the Eares easeth the pain and singing thereof.

Coloquintida, if administred by an unskilful hand, is very dangerous, and hurtful to the Stomack and Liver, and troubleth the Bowells and entrails; for remedy, yee must put to the pulpe or pith of Coloquintida, Gum-tragant and Mastick, and after make it into trochis or balls with hony.

The Cornel-tree.

Names.] IT is called of some long Cherry, or long Cherry-tree.

Descript.] The Cornel-tree, sometimes groweth up to a rea∣sonable bignesse like other trees, and sometimes it is but low, and groweth like to a shrub, or hedge-bush, as divers other small trees do, the wood or tim∣ber of this tree is very hard, the flowers are of a faint yellowish colour, the fruit is very red and somewhat long, almost like an Olive but smaller with a long little stone or kernel inclosed therein, like the stone of an Olive-berry.

Place.] The Cornel-tree, is in this Country to be found no where but in Gardens and Orchards where it is planted.

Time.] The Cornel-tree floureth betimes in March; and afterward bringeth forth his leaves, the fruit is ripe in August.

Government and Vertues.] The fruit of the Cornel-tree are cold, dry, and astringent, under the dominion of Saturn; the fruit eaten is good against the Lask and and bloody Flux, and do strengthen weak and hot Stomac••s.

Wild-Cucumber.

Names.] IT is called also spirting Cucumber, and the dryed juice of the root Elaterium.

Descript.] Wild Cucumber hath leaves somewhat round and rough, but lesser and rougher then those of the Garden Cucumber, the stalks be round and rough, creeping along the ground without any claspers or holders, upon which, out of the hollowness of the branches or wings, among the leaves; grow short stems, bearing a flower of a faint yellow colour, after the flowers there come little rough Cucumbers, of the bigness and length of ones thumb, full of sap, with a brown kernel, which being ripe skippeth forth as soon, as one touch the Cucumbers, the root is white, thick, and great, with many other small roots, hanging to it, the whole plant is of a very bitter tast, but especi∣ally the fruit, whereof the juice is dryed, to be used in medicine, and is called Elaterium.

Place.] It is in this Country found in Gardens only, where it is planted, but where it is once sown it cometh easily again every year.

Time.] These Cucumbers do flower in August, and their fruit is ripe in September.

Government and Vertues.] It is under the dominion of Mars, the juice thereof is hot and dry in the second degree, and of a resolving and cleansing nature, the root is of the same nature, but not so strong as the juice. Elaterium taken in quantity of half a scruple, driveth forth gross Flegm, Cholerick and especially all waterish humors; so that it is singular good against the Dropsie, and for them that are troubled with short∣ness of Breath, the same allayed with sweet milk, and snuffed up into the nose cleanseth the Eyes, from the evil colour which remaineth after the Jaundise, asswag∣e••h head-ach, and cleanseth the brain, the same boyled in honied Wine, and applied to the Matrix, driveth down the Courses and Dead-birth. Elaterium being outwardly ap∣plied, with oyle or hony; or the Gaul of an Ox, helpeth the Squinancy, and the swellings of the Throat, the juice of the bark, and root of wild Cucumber, doth also purge Flegm and cholerick and waterish humors,

and is good for such as have or are inclinable to the Dropsie, but is not so strong in operation as the Elate∣rium, the root of Wild Cucumber made soft or soked in Vinegar, and laid to the place greived, asswageth the pain, and taketh away the swelling of the Gout, the Vinegar, wherein it hath been boyled holden in the mouth easeth the pain in the Teeth, the same laid to, with parched Barly-meal, dis∣solveth cold Tumors, and applied with Turpentine it doth ripen, break and open imposthumes, the same made into powder and laid to with honey, cleanseth, scoureth, and taketh away, foul Scurviness, spreading Tetters, Manginess, Pushes or Wheals, red spots, and all blemishes and Scars of the body, the juice of the leaves dropped into the Eares, takes away the pain of the same.

Danger.] If Elaterium be taken into the body, in too great quantity, unadvisedly, or crude, and uncorrected, it much hurteth the inward parts, and Gripes much the Belly in the time of its operation.

Remedy.] To correct it and take away it's griping quality that it may do no hurt, let it be given with Mede, or sweet milk, a little Salt and Anniseed, or give it in powder with a little Anniseed, Gum-tragacanth and Salt.

Cypress-tree.

Names.] IT hath no other name in English, but this tree is called Cupressus in Latine; and the Nuts or fruit thereof, Nuces Cupressi, in English Cypres-nuts.

Descript.] The Cypresse-tree, hath a thick, straight, long stem; upon which grow many slender branches; the which do not spread abroad, but grow up in length towards the top, so that the Cypress tree is not broad but narrow, growing to a great height, the bark of the Cypress-tree is brown, the timber yellowish, hard, thick, and close, and when it is dry of a pleasant smell, especially if it be set near the fire, the Cypress-tree hath no particular leaves but the branches instead of leaves, bring forth short twigs, green and small divided again into other small twigs, the which be cut and snipt in ma∣ny places, as if they were set about with many small leaves; the fruit is round almost as big as a prune, or plum, which being ripe doth open in di∣vers places, and hath in it a flat grayish seed.

Place.] The Cypress-tree delights in dry Hilly and mountanous places in hot Countries.

Time.] The Cypress-tree is alwayes green, the fruit is ripe in Septem∣ber, at the beginning of winter.

Government and Virtues.] Saturn rules this plant, the leaves and fruit are dry in the third degree, without any manifest heat and very astrin∣gent,

the fruit of Cypress taken into the body, stop∣peth looseness and the Bloody flux, and is good against spitting of bloud, and all other issues of bloud; the de∣coction of the same, made with water, hath the same vertue.

The oyle in which the fruit or leaves of Cypress have been boyled, doth strengthen the Stomack, stay∣eth Vomiting, stoppeth the belly, and all fluxes of the same, and cureth the excoriation or going off, of the skin, from the se∣cret members.

Cypress-nuts cure them that are bursten, and that have their Guts fallen into their Cods, being outwardly applied in Cataplasms there∣unto; the leaves have the same vertue, but not so strong; the fruit of Cypress is also good to cure Polypus, which is cor∣rupt flesh growing in the nose.

The same bruised with dry fat figs, doth cure the blasting and swellings of the Yard and Stones; and if leaven be added thereunto, it dissolveth and wasteth botches, and boyls, being laid upon the grieved place.

The leaves of Cypress, boyled in sweet Wine or Mede, doth help the Strangury, and issue of the Bladder; the same beaten very small and applied, doth close up green Wounds, and stop the bleeding thereof; and being appli∣ed with parched Barly-meal, they are profitable against St. Anthonies-fire, Carbuncles, and other hot Ulcers, and fretting sores: the leaves and fruit of Cypress, being infused in Vinegar, and the hair washed therewith maketh it black.

Coral.

Kind and Names.] THere be several kinds of Coral, but the red and the white, especially the red, is most in use: there be also several sorts of black Coral called Antipathes, and ther is a kind of Coral, which is black, rough, and bristly, and is called Sam∣beggia.

Descript.] These plants, although their hard substance, make them seem rather to be Stones, yet they are vegetables. The greater red Coral, which is the best, groweth upon rocks in the Sea, like unto a shrub, with arms and branches, which shoot forth into sprigs, some greater and some lesser, of a pale red colour, for the most part when it is taken out of the water but when it is pollished it is very fair, and of a lovely red colour: whilest it is in the water it is soft and pliable, but being taken out and kept dry a while, it be∣comes of an hard stony substance.

Place.] The Corals are found in the Isles of Sardinia, and divers o∣ther

places of the Mediterranean Sea.

Time.] Coral is found growing at all times in the year.

Government and Virtues.] Coral is under the dominion of the Sun, yet reputed to be of a cooling and astringent quality: the red is the hottest, the white the coldest, it is good to stop the Running of the Reins in Men, and the Whites in Wo∣men; the red Coral stops bleeding, and is good for them that spit bloud; or any flux of bloud; being ta∣ken in Wine, or other drink: It abates the Slpeen, helps the stoppage of Urine, and such as pisse by drops, the powder of it being burnt, and taken in drink easeth the pain of the Stone: It strengthens the Heart, Stomack and Liver, and is good in all pestilen∣tial Feavers, and malignant diseases: it is good against Venome, chears the Heart and is good against Melancholy; there is an excellent Cor∣dial made of it called Tictura Corallii, singular good for all the purposes aforesaid, the powder taken in Wine or distilled Water, gives rest to such as have Agues, helps the Cramp, it is good against the Falling-Sickness: some write that if two grains of the powder of red Coral be given to a Child newly born, in some black cherry water, or the Mothers milk; that Child shall never be trou∣bled with the Falling-Sickness; it is likewise good to cause easie Delivery, to rub Childrens Gums, to help their teeth to break forth more easily, it helps sore Gums and Ulcers in the Mouth; and healeth up foul hollow Ulcers in other parts: it is also profitable to be used in medecines for the Eyes, to stay the Flux of Rhume: It cools and dryes up the moisture, and takes away the heat and redness of the Eyes: the aforementioned Tincture and likewise the Chymical oyl, may be used for any of the aforesaid purposes.

Cardamoms.

Names.] THey are called Cardamom, and Grana Paradisi by some, Grains of Paradice.

Descript.] Cardamoms grow upon a small tree, in the East-Indies and Arabia, which beareth the seeds in husks, in which they are brought hither and sold in our shops, for medicinal use.

Government and Vertues.] These seeds called Cardamoms are hot and dry in the third degree, under the dominion of Jupiter; It break∣eth the Stone, and provoketh Urine, and giveth ease to such as make water with pain; it resisteth Poison, and helpeth stingings or bitings of Scorpions or o∣ther Venemous creatures. It is good against the

Falling-Sicknesse, Gripings in the Guts or Bowells; expelleth Wind from the Stomack, and intrails; help∣eth such as are bruised or broken by falls or bruises, those that have loose or weak Sinews, and pains of the Sciatica or Hip-gout; and used with Vinegar it is good against Scabs, and is an ingredient in many of our com∣positions and cordial Antidotes.

Cloves.

Names.] THey are called in Latine Caryophylli.

Descript.] The tree wherin the Cloves do grow is great & tall, covered with an Ash-coloured bark, the younger branches being more white, the leaves grow by couples one against another, somewhat long and narrow, like to bay leaves, with a middle rib, and sundry veins running through them, each of them standing on a long footstalk, the ends of the branches are divided into many small brown sprigs, wher∣on grow the flowers, on the tops of the Cloves themselves, which are white at the first with their sprigs, green afterwards, and at last reddish before they be beaten off from the tree; and as they dry before they be put up, grow blackish as they are brought to us, having four small tops at the heads of them, and a small round head in the middle of them; the flower it self, standing between those, consisteth of four small leavs like unto a Cherry blossom, but of an excellent blew colour with three white Veines in every leaf, and divers purple-threds in the middle; of a more fine scent then the dried Clove.

Place.] The Clove-trees grow in the Molucca-Islands, where they ga∣••her them twice every year, viz. in June and December: they grow plentifully also in Amboyna, and in divers other places of the Indies, ••he Indians generally call them Calefar, and in some place Chanque.

Government and Virtues.] The Cloves are under the solar influence, of temperature hot & dry in the third degree, they comfort the Head ••nd Heart, strengthen the Liver, and Stomack, and all ••nward parts that want heat, they help digestion, ••reak Wind, and provoke Urine, the Portugal Wo∣men use to distill the Cloves while they are fresh, which make a sweet and delicate water, profitable for ••ll passions of the Heart, and weakness of the Stomack.

China-root.

Descript.] THe root called China-root is like to the root of a great Reed, some flattish, others round, not smooth, but bunched and knotty, reddish for the most part, on the outside, and whitish and some∣times a little reddish in the inside: the best is solid and firm and somewhat waighty, fresh, and not worm-eaten, and without any tast but as it were drying; the plant of the root groweth up with many prickly branches, like unto Sarsaparilla or the prickly Bind-weed, winding it self about trees, and hath many leavs growing on them like broad Plantain leavs, the roots grow sometimes many together, and while they are fresh, the Indians eat them as we do Turneps, or Carrots.

Place.] This plant groweth not only in China, but also in Mallabar, Cochin, and divers other places there.

Government and Vertues.] It is a plant of Jupiter, and the properties therof are many, and of great use with us in divers cases; in diet drinks for the French-Pox; it is profita∣ble in all Agues, Quotidian, Intermittent, or pestilenti∣al, Heckticks and Consumptions, it helps the evil dispo∣sition of the Liver, pains of Head and Stomack, and strengthneth it: It dryes up the defluxions of Rheums, helps the Jaundies, and burstings in Children or o∣thers by drying up the humor which is the cause ther∣of. It also helps the Palsie, and all other diseases of the joints and bladder, the Gout, Sciatica, Pocky-nods and Ulcers of the Yard, and is good in all cold and Melancholy diseases; It stirreth up Venery; it may be taken several wayes, as being boyled, first slic'd thin and steeped a good while in water onely, or with Wine and water; some boyl it in the broth of a chicken, tyed up in Linnen cloth; and to take from a quarter to half an ounce or more at a time; as the quantity of drink o•• broth is, or as the party can bear.

Cinnamon and Cassia Lignea.

Descript.] THe Cinnamon-tree is described to be a great Tree, about the bigness of the Olive-tree, with many straight branches with∣out knots, covered with a double bark, like the Cork whose inner rind is to Cinnamon, and is so barked every third year, and being cut in long peeces o•• if it were the bark of the whole tree, is cast on the ground, wherein dry it, it is rouled together as we see it; and is better or worse, blacker or bette•• coloured, by the greater or lesser heat of the Sun: the leaves are of a fres••

green colour like those of the Cittron-tree, the flowers are white and the fruit black and round like hasel-nuts or small Olives; the best groweth in Zeland, having leaves like Willowes, and fruit like unto bay-berries, whereof there is made an oyl.

As concerning the Cassia, several Authors do write that Cinnamon and Cassia, is one and the same tree, and that the variety and difference of the Soyl where they grow, makes the difference onely; but we daily see that the Cassia which cometh to us, is the bark of a tree, and either roul'd together like Cinnamon or not roul'd, but in small or great smooth peeces, and there∣fore may be conceived to be a sort of Cinnamon, yet the tast being Glutinous, lesse sharp and quick, and more stiptick then Cinnamon, argueth it to be the bark of another sort of tree, although of the same kind and nature. Pliny lib. 12 cap. 29. saith, that Cassia which groweth where Cinnamon doth is a shrub of three cubits high, but on the hills; whose thick branches have their bark unto leather, which must be emptied or hollowed in a contrary manner, unto that of Cinnamon: for being cut into sticks of two cubits long, they are sewed into fresh beasts skins, that the worms may eat out the wood, and leave the bark whole by reason of the sharpness and bitterness; the three sorts of colour therein sheweth their goodness. That which is white for a foot high next the ground is the worst; the next thereunto for half a foot is reddish, which is next in goodness from thence upward, which is blackish, and the best, and is to be chosen fresh, of a mild scent and of a very sharp tast, rather than biting; of a purplish colour, light in waight, and with a short pipe, not easily broken, so that we may see plainly, that Cassia differeth not much from Cin∣namon; and yet that it is differing from it.

Government and Virtues.] Cinnamon is under the dominion of Jupi∣ter; it is of temperature hot and dry in the second degree, of very subtile parts and very Aromatical; it is very Cordial, it comforteth the Heart, and strengthneth a weak Stomack, it easeth the pains of the Cholick, especially the distilled water of it, the stopping of Urine, and it stayes the supera∣bounding flux of Womens Courses; it causeth a good colour in the Face, makes a sweet breath, and good against the poison of venemous beasts, it is much used to stay looseness and binde the body: the distilled wa∣ter thereof is most effectual; but the Chymical oyle thereof is much more hot and piercing.

Cocculus Indus.

Names, Description, and Vertues.] THe Italians call these berries or round seed Cocco di levante, and the French call them so likewise; they are of a blackish Ash-colour on the outside, having a thick white kernel within them, of a hot tast, drawing water into the mouth, and grow many together like Ivy-berries, yet each by

it self on a stalk, some thinking them to grow upon a kind of night shade, others on a kind of Tithymal or Spurge, they are used either to make bates to catch fish, with things for that purpose, or the powder thereof used to kill Lice, and Vermine in in Childrens Heads.

Costus.

THere are to be had in our Druggists and Apothecaries Shops, two sorts of Costus, far differing the one from the other both in form and substance: the vertues of the true Costus are these. It provokes Urine and Womens Courses, and helps diseases of the Mother, aswel by bathing, as suming; two ounces thereof being drunk, helpeth the biting of Vipers, and is good against pains of the Breast, Con∣vulsions, or the windy Stirches, swellings in the Sto∣mack, Sides, or Body, being taken in Wormwood-Wine, and being taken with sweet Wine, it provokes the desire to Venery: It killeth Worms in the Belly; it is used with oyle to anoint the Body before the cold fits of Agues to warm it, and expell it, as also against weakness of the Sinews, and the Hip-gout; it helps discolouring of the skin, using it with honey and water.

Cubebs.

CƲbebs are small berries, somewhat sweet; about the bigness of Pep∣per-Corns, but not so black nor solid, but more rugged or crested, being either hellow or with a kernel within it, of a hot tast, but not so fiery as Pepper, and having each a short stalk on them like a tail: these grow on trees less than Apple-trees, with leaves narrower than those of Pepper; the flower is sweet, and the fruit groweth clustring toge∣ther: The Arabians call them Quabebe, and Quabebe Chini; they grow plentifully in Java; they are used to stir up Venery and to warm and strengthen the Stomack, being over∣come with flegm or Wind, they cleanse the breast of thick tough humors, help the Spleen, and are very profitable for the cold griess of the Womb: being chewed in the mouth with Mastick, they draw Rhume from the Head, and strengthen the brain and me∣mory.

Red, White, and Black-Currans.

Names.] THe Latine names for Currans is Ribes and Ribes fructu rubro, the red Curran, albo white, and nigro black.

Descript.] The red curran bush hath a stalk covered with a thin brownish bark outwards, and greenish underneath, the leaves are of a blackish green, cut in the edges into five parts, much like a Vine-leaf, but smaller, the flo∣wers come forth at the joints of the leaves, many together on a long stalk, hanging down about a fingers length; of an herby colour, after which come round berries, green at the first but red when they are ripe, of a pleasant tart tast; wherin is small seed, the root is woody and spreading.

There is another sort hereof, whose berries are twice as big as the former and of a better relish.

The white Curran-tree hath a taller and more straight stem than the red, a whiter bark, smaller leaves, but hath such like berries upon long stalks, of the same bigness as the first, but of a shining transparent whiteness; of a more pleasant tast then the former.

The black Curran, riseth higher than the last, and is more set with branches round about and more pliant, the younger covered with a paler, and the elder with a browner bark; the leaves are smaller then those of the former, and often with fewer cuts therein: the flowers are alike, but of a greenish purple colour; which produce small black berries; the leaves and fruit have an unpleasant smell, but yet are wholsome, though not pleasant.

Place.] All these sorts of Currans grow plentifully in England, in Gar∣dens where they are planted; they have been found growing natural∣ly wild in Savoy and Switzerland, as Gesner saith; and some in Austria saith Clusius: they grow in great abundance in Candia; and other places in the Streights, from whence in great quantities they are brought dri∣ed unto us.

Time.] They flower and bear fruit, in June, July and August.

Government and Vertues.] Currans are under the influence of the be∣nevolent planet Venus: they are of a moist temperate refeshing nature; the red and white Currans are good to cool and re∣fresh faintings of the Stomack, to quench Thirst, and stir up an appetite, and therefore are profitable in hot and sharp Agues, it tempereth the heat of the Liver and Blood, and the sharpness of Choler and resisteth putrefaction; it also taketh away the loathing of meat, and weakness of the Stomack by much Vomiting, and is good for those that have any Looseness of the belly: Gesner saith; that the Switzers use them for the Cough, and so well they may; For,

Take dry Currans a quarter of a pound; Brandy Wine half a pint: set the Brandy on fire; and bruise the Currans and put them into the

Brandy as it is burning stirring them untill the Brandy is almost con∣sumed, that it becomes like unto an Electuary, it is an excellent re∣medy to be taken hot for any violent Cough, cold or Rhume; the black Currans and the leaves are used in sawces by those who like the tast and scent of them; which I believe very few do of either.

Caranha.

CAranha, or Carogna, is a gumme, which is brought from the West-Indies, but of the tree that it issues from, we have no Description: it is a soft kind of Gum, wrapped up in leaves, to keep one peece from sticking unto another for it is very cleaving, and of a dark or muddy greenish colour; it is an especial and spee∣dy help for all cold Aches, and pains in the Joints, and Nerves, and swellings therein, the defluxions of cold hu∣mors on them, or on the Eyes, or on any other part, to be laid on the temples or behind the Eares, and it is also used for the Tooth-ach to be laid on the temples like Mastick.

Ceterach.

Names.] IT is called in Latine Asplenum and Splenium, and in English Spleenwort and Milt-wast, and Scalefern.

Descript.] Spleenwort or Ceterach, springeth up from a small black threddy, bushy root, with many long single leaves, cut on both sides into round dents, even almost to the middle-rib, which is not so hard as that of Polypody, each division being not alwaies set opposite unto the other but between each, smooth and of a light green on the upper part, and with a dark yellowish roughness underneath, folding or rouling it self inward at the first springing up.

Place.] Ceterach groweth in moist shadowy places, and very fre∣quently upon old stone-walls, of Churches, decayed Castles, and the ruinous Walls of antient Religious houses. It groweth on Beconsfield Church in Buckinghamshire and upon Wooburn Church in the same County, and Horn-church in Essex, and many other places.

Time.] Ceterach is to be found green all the year.

Government and Vertues.] Mars rules this plant; It is generally used against all the infirmities of the Spleen; it also helps the Strangury, pissing by drops, and wasteth the Stone in the Bladder, and is good against the yellow-Jaun∣dies, and the Hicket: a dram of the dust that is on the back of the leaves, being mixed with half a dram of Amber in powder, and taken with the juice of purslain or plantain,

is a speedy remedy for the running of the Reins, as Mathio∣lus saith, and that the herb and root being boiled and taken helpeth all Melancholy diseases and especially those which rise from the French-Pox. The distilled water thereof being drunk is profitable against the Stone in the Reines and Bladder; a lye made of the Ashes thereof or the de∣coction drunk for some time together, helpeth such as are troubled with the Spleen, and it may outwardly be applied for the same pur∣pose, it hindreth conception in Women if they make much use of it.

The Cokar Nut-tree.

Description and Names.] THis groweth to be a great large Timber-tree, the body cover'd with a smooth bark; bare or naked without any branch, to a great height, (for which cause the Indians, do either bore holes therein, at certain distances, and knock strong pegs into them, which stick out so much as may serve for sooting to get up into the tree to gather the juice or liquor and the fruit, or fasten ropes with nailes round about the tree, with spaces which serve as steps to go up into it) and towards the top, it spreadeth out into sundry great Arms, which bow themselves almost round, with large leaves on them like the Date tree but greater, whose middle-rib is very great, and abiding alwaies green, and with fruit also, continu∣ally one succeeding another; from between the lower boughs come forth smaller stalks, hanging down bearing sundry flowers on them, like those of the chestnut-tree, after which come large great three-square fruit or Nuts, ten or twelve and sometimes twenty thereon to∣gether, as big as ones head, or as a smaller Pompion almost round, but a little smaller at the end, covered with a hard tough Ash-colour∣ed thick bark, an inch thick in some places, and within it a hard woody brownish shell, but black being polished having at the Head or top thereof three holes somewhat resembling the nose and eyes of a Monkey, between which outer bark and this shell, grow many gross thredds or hairs: within the woody shell there is a white kernel cleav∣ing close to the side thereof as sweet as an Almond, with a fine sweet water in the middle thereof, as pleasant as Milk, which will grow lesse pleasant or consume, either by over ripeness or long keeping: this tree is called by the Indians, Maro; in Malaca, Trican; and in other places by several other apppellations: the timber of this tree is solid and firm, black and shining, like the walnut-tree, and fit for any building; and Garcias saith, it is of two sorts (I suppose he meaneth, for two uses), the one to bear fruit, the other to extract the liquor which issues there∣from, when the branches are cut, or when it is bored and received into some things tyed thereunto for that purpose, which liquor they call in

their Language Sura; and it sheweth like unto troubled Wine, but in tast like new sweet Wine, which being boyled they call Orraque, and being destilled, it yeildeth a spirit like unto our Aquavitae, and it is used for the same purposes as we do ours, and will burn like it; they call it Fula; And being set in the Sun it will become good Vinegar, and that which runneth last being set in the Sun to grow hard, or boyled to hardness, will become Sugar, which they call Jagra; of the inner kernel while it is fresh they make bread; the fresher the Nuts are, the sweeter is the meat thereof.

Government and Vertues.] This is a Solar plant; the fruit or kernel of the Coker-nut doth nourish very much, and is good for lean bodies; they increase the natural seed, and stir up the appetite to Venery, and are good to mollifie the hoarsenesse of the Throat, and hoarseness of the voice.

Chocholate.

HAving before set down the particular Vertues of the Cacoa or Coker-Nut; I shall add somewhat of a Confection or Composition made therof, called Chocolate. It is brought over unto us made into Rowls, & is used for a Cordial being macerated in milk, and made potable, adding what other ingredients pleases the preparer thereof; which may be done divers waies, according to the constitution of the party, and medicinal use, it is prepared for.

There is very much variety of the ingredients, whereof this confection is compounded; some do put into it black Pepper, and Tanasco, which is a red Indian root like Madder: which is proper onely for those who are of cold and moist constitutions, and are troubled with a very cold Stomack, and Liver.

Another Receipt of the Indian Spaniards is this. Take of Cacoa's 700. of white Sugar one pound and an half, Cinnamon two ounces, of long red Pep∣per 14 in Number, of Cloves half an ounce, three cods of the Logwood or Campeche tree, or instead of that, the weight of two Rialls, or a shilling of Anniseeds; some put in Almonds, kernels of Nuts, and Orenge-flower-water.

This Receipt is fit for those that have chronick diseases, macilent bodies, or are inclinable to be infirm; you may either add or take away, according to the necessity, or temperature of every one; and it is very proper and con∣venient that Sugar be put into it, when it is drunk: sometimes they make Tabulats of the Sugar, and the Chocholate together; which they do, onely to please the pal••ts as the Dames of Mexico do use it, and they are there sold in shops, and are confected, and eaten like other sweet-meats.

Another Receipt, or way of compounding it, shall follow, but take this for a Rule that one Receipt cannot be proper for all Persons; therefore such as

drink it as common drink in publick houses, may receive more hurt than good by it: therefore every one may make choice of the ingredients, that they may be usefull for the complexion of the Body.

The Receipt is this.

To every 100 of Cacao's, put two cods of long red Pepper, one handful of Anniseeds; one cod of Campeche or Logwood, two drams of Cinnamon; Almonds and Hasel-nuts of each a dozen, white Sugar half a pound; and if you cannot have those things which come from the Indies, you may make it with the rest.

The way of compounding the Chocholate.

The Cacao, and other ingredients must be beaten in a stone morter, or grownd upon abroad stone, which the Indians call Metate, and is made onely for that use; such stones as our Painters grind their co∣lours upon will serve for that use, the first thing that is to be done is to dry the ingredients, with care that, in stirring, they be not burnt nor become black; and if they be over dried, then they will be bitter and lose their vertue: the Cinnamon and the long red Pepper, are to be first beaten, with the Anniseed; and then beat the Cacao, by little and little till it be all powdered, and sometimes turn it round in the beating that it may mix the better; and every one of these ingredients must be beaten by it self; and then put them all into the vessel where the Cacao is; which you must stir together, & then take out that paste, & put it into the morter, under which you must lay a little fire, after the confection it made: But you must be very careful, not to put more fire than will warm it, that the unctuous parts do not fly away, you must searse all the ingredients, but onely the Cacoa, and when you find it to be wel beaten and incorporated (which you shall know by the shortness of it) then with a spoon take up some of the paste which will be almost liquid, and so either make it into tablets, or rowles, or put it into boxes, and when it is cold it will be hard. To make the Tablets you must put a spoonful of the paste, upon a sheet of Paper; the Indians put it upon a leaf, where being put in the shade it grows hard, and then howing the Paper the Tablets fall off, by reason of the fatness of the paste: but if it be put into any thing of earth or wood, it will stick fast, and will not come off, without scraping or breaking.

In the Indies they take it two several wayes: the one being the common way is, to take it hot, with Atolle, which was the drink of an∣tient Indians, (they call Atolle pap, made of the flower of Maiz, and so they mingle it with the Chocholate,): the other modern way which the Spaniards use, is of two sorts; the one is, that the Chocholate being dissolved with cold water, and the scum taken off, and put into another

Vessel, they put the remainder upon the Fire with Sugar; and when it is warm, then they pour it upon the scum they tooke off before, and so drink it: the other way is to warm the water; and then when you have put into a pot or dish, asmuch Chocholate as you think fit, put in a little of the warm water, and then grind it well with the Molinet, and when it is well ground put the rest of the warm water to it, and so drink it with Sugar, to your tast.

Besides these former wayes there are others: one is, put the Chocho∣late into a pipkin, with a little water and let it boyl well until it be dis∣solved, and then put in sufficient water and Sugar, according to the quality of the Chocholate, and then boyl it again until there comes an oyly scum upon it; and then drink it.

There is another way to drink Chocholate, which is cold; and takes its name from the principal ingredient and is called Cacao, which they use at Feasts to refresh themselves, and it is made after this manner.

The Chocholate being dissolved in water with the Molinet, take off the scum or crassy part which riseth in great quantity, when the Cacao is older and more putrified, the scum is laid aside by it self in a little dish, and then put Sugar into that pan from whence you took the scum, and pour it from on high upon the scum, and so drink it cold, but this drink doth not agree with all Stomacks, by reason of its coldness.

There is another way to drink it cold, which is called Cacao penali; and it is done by adding to the same Chocholate (having made the confection, as is before set down) so much Maiz, dried and well grownd, and taken from the husk, and then well-mingled in the morter, with the Chocholat, it falls all into flower or dust, and so these things being mingled as is said before there riseth the scum; and so take it, and drink it, as before.

There is another way, which is a short and quicker way to make it, which is more wholsom; that is, first to set some water to warm, and while it warms, throw a Tablet, or some Chocholate scraped and min∣gled with Sugar, into a little cup, and when the water is hot pour the water to the Chocholate, and then dissolve it with the Molinet, and then without taking off the scum drink it.

But in our colder Country most usually it is thus made with milk, in∣stead of water, and some add yolks of Eggs, and a sop of white Bread.

Such as desire to take it in milk, three ounces of Chocolate will be sufficient to a quart of milk; scrape the Chocolate very fine, and put it into the milk when it boyles; work it very well with the Spanish instru∣ment called Molenillo, between your hands; which instrument must be of wood, with a round knob, made very round, and cut ragged, that as you turn it in your hands, the milk may froth, and dissolve the Choco∣late the better; then set the milk on the fire again, untill it be ready to boyl, having the yolk of two eggs, well beaten with some of the hot milk, then put your eggs into the milk, and Chocolate and Sugar, as∣much

as you like for your tast, & work it altogether with the Molinet, and thus drink it: or, if you please, you may slice a little manchet into a dish, and so eat it for a breakfast: you may if you please make it also with water instead of milk, after this manner:

Set a pot of conduit-water over the fire untill it boyles; then to eve∣ry person that is to drink, put an ounce of Chocolate, with asmuch Su∣gar into every pot, whereunto pour a pint of the said water so boyling and therein work together the Chocolate and the Sugar, with the In∣strument called El-Molenillo, until it be throughly incorporated; which done pour in as many half pints of the said water, as there be ounces of the Chocolate; and if you please you may put in the yolks of one or two new-laid eggs, which must be beaten untill they froth very much: the hotter it is drunk, the better it is; you may likewise put in a slice of white-bread or bisket, and eat that with the Chocolate, which will be a very substantial and Cordial breakfast.

Coffee.

THis is reported to be the berries of certain shrubs or bushes growing in Arabia, and from them into Turkey, and other parts: it is said of it self to be insipid, having neither scent nor tast; but being pounded and baked, as they do prepare it to make the Coffee-liquor with, it then stinks most loath∣somly, which is an argument of some Saturnine quality in it: the propugners for this filthy drink affirm, it causeth watchfulness: (so do both the stinking Hemlock and Henbane in their first operation if unhappily taken into the bo∣dy, but their worse effects soon follow): They also say it makes them sober when they are drunk, yet they would be alwaies accounted sober persons, or at least think themselves so, when they can but once sit down in a Coffee-house; certainly if there had been any w••th in it, some of the antient Arabian Physitians or others neer those parts, would have recorded it: But there is no mention made of any medicinal use thereof, by any Author either Antient or Modern, neither can it be indued with any such properties as the indulgers of it, feed their fancies with; but this I may truly say of it: Quod Anglo∣rum Corpora, quae huic liquori tantopere indulgent, in Barbarorum na∣turam degenerasse videntur.

But if any one desire to make Coffee, after the manner as it is prepared and sold here in Engl. in the publick Coffee-houses, it is thus: Take a gallon of water and set it in a pot of Tyn, or any other Vessel close cover'd; set it upon the fire and let it boyl: when it throughly boyles, put into it a quarter of a pound of the powder of the Coffee-berry, stirring it well together, so let it boyl a quarter of an hour, and your Coffee is ready to drink, then pour some of it into a smaller pot covered, and keep it alwayes ready before the fire.

Those that delight to have it in their houses for their private use, may add or diminish the quantity of the Coffee-powder making it stronger or smaller as they please.

Camphire.

Names.] IT is called in Latin Camphora, and Camphura, from the Ara∣bians Cafar.

Descript.] Camphire is a gum, or liquor of a great vast-tree, like unto a Walnut-tree, and of an ash-colour like unto a Beech: the leaves are whitish like unto willow leaves; this liquor or gum, partly distilleth forth of its own accord, but cheifly by incision: it is cleer and white, and transparent, and although when it is dry it be somewhat brittle, and will breaks into many small peeces, yet it will not be made into powder by it self alone, but must have the help of a blanched Almond, or some other such like unctuous thing, which will reduce it into fine powder: neither will it be easily dissolved in cold water, but by warmth will be resolved like unto fat, being easily set on fire, and will burn in the water: It is of a very strong scent and subtill parts.

Govern. Nature & Vert.] Divers have been the opinions of Authors about the temperature of Camphire: some take it to be hot, because it is of such tenuity of parts. Rhasis saith, it is cold and moist, and Avicenna saith, that it is cold and dry, and that it causeth watchings and wakeful∣ness, and quieteth the senses of those that are hot. It is governed by Mercury; and by experience is found to cool the heat of the Liver and Back, and all hot inflamations and dis∣tempers of heat in any part of the body; it easeth pains of the Head, and restrainth fluxes, either of blood out of the Head or nostrills, being applied to the nostrills and to the forehead with juice of housleek and plan∣tain-water, or with either of them, and some Nettle-seed. It stayeth the flux of the natural seed either in Man or Woman, using it to the Reins and privy parts; and extinguisheth the heat of Lust, and desire to venereal actions.

It doth preserve from putrefaction, and for that purpose is put into divers compositions and antidotes, to resist Venome, poisons, and in∣fection of the Plague or other diseases: it is good in wounds and Ulcers, to restrain the heat of them, and is of much use with Women, to pre∣serve their beauty.

Cambugio.

Names.] IT hath obtained a great many names partly from the sund∣dry nations, & languages; and partly, from the mistakes of people, as Gutta Gamba, Gutta Gamandra, Gutta Gemon, and many others; in english, it may be called the Golden yellow Indian purger.

Descript.] Cambugio is yet scarce well known unto us whereof it is made,

but only what we see of it, being a solid peece of substance, made up into wreathes or rouls, yellow both within and without, and giving a yellow co∣lour upon the moistning of it: we cannot learn certainly whether it be a gum, or hardned juice, but it is most likely to be a juice, because it will easily dis∣solve in water, and it is most likely to be the juice of some peculiar herb of that Country from whence it is brought, that gives a yellow juice it is brought unto us out of the East-Indies, and some say from China.

Government and Vertues.] It is particularly under the influence of Mars, and hath a property to purge both by stool and vomit: and may be given from three or four grains, unto ten or twelve, or to a scruple or half a dram, accorrding to the age and strength of the patients Body; it worketh gently with some, purging forth crude flegmatick humors from the Stomack, and wheyish from the Bowells, without any trouble, but contrarily with others it worketh very churlishly; and much troubles the Sto∣mack, some use to make small pills of it and give it in that form, espe∣cially if the humors be stubborn, and not easie to be avoided; and for that cause some add a little Scammony unto it to help the slow work∣ing in some bodies; also some correct it, by giving it in the pulp of Currans, extracted in white Wine; and some in the infusion of Roses.

Notes

• Griping of the Guts
• Cough
• Cold,
• Cods swelled
• Flowers,
• Bleeding at Nose
• Spleen.
• Sciatica Palsie
• Bruises
• Termes
• Tooth-ach
• Worms in the Eares
• Watry hu∣mors, Li∣ver, Drop∣sie.
• Fluxes
• Ʋrine
• Choler
• Flegm
• Agues
• Pleurisie
• Jaundise
• Liver
• Reines & Kidneys
• Strangury
• Ʋrine
• Courses Secondine
• Gripings-Cuts
• Wind
• Cholick Cough
• Lask
• Poyson
• Toothach
• Eyes Spots Scars
• Worms
• Eares
• Hearing
• Lice
• Moths
• strangury
• Courses
• Lask
• Bloody issues
• Green-Wounds
• Fluxes
• Womens Courses
• Lask
• Matrix
• afterbirth
• Head
• Scurffe
• Eares
• Scars
• Eyes in∣flamed
• Stomack
• Vomiting
• Digestion
• Worms
• Lask

  Bloody Flux
• Tumors, Kings-Evil, Lumps St. Anthonies-fire
• Flegm, Choler Slime, Guts Pains, gripings Apoplexy, Fal∣ling-sicknesse Meagrim Breath, Cholick Sinews, pain and noise in the Eares.
• Lask, Bloody Flux, Stomack
• Flegm, Choler, Waterish hu∣mors, Dropsie, Breath, Eyes Brain, Head-ach, Courses Squinancy
• Dropsie
• Gout, Tooth-ach Cold, Tumors Imposthumes Scurffe, Tetters Wheals, Scars
• Bloody Flux
• Issues of blood
• Stomack, Vo∣miting
• Broken Belly
• Pollypus
• Yard Stones
• strangury
• Green-Wounds
• St. Antho∣nies-fire
• carbuncle
• Ʋlcers
• Sores
• Hair
• Running of the Reins, Whites Bleeding, sp••••en Strangury Spleen, Stone Heart, stomack Liver, Feavers
• Cramp
• Falling-Sickness
• Easie Delivery
• Gums
• Teeth
• Ʋlcers
• Stone, Ʋrine Poison, Scorpi∣ons
• Falling-sickness Guts, Wind Bruises, Sinews Sciatica
• Head▪ Heart, Liver▪ stomack Wind, Ʋrine
• French-pox
• Agues, Heck∣ticks,
• Consump∣tions,
• Head
• Stomack
• Jaundies
• Burstings
• Palsie, Gout
• Sciatica, Nods
• Yard, Lust
• Heart, stomack
• Cholick, Ʋrine,
• Terms, Face
• Breath, Poison
• Looseness
• Ʋrine, Courses
• Mother, Con∣vulsions
• Stitches, Sto∣mack,
• sciatica, sinews
• Venery
• Worms Agues
• Venery, stomack
• Flegm, Spleen
• Wind, Womb
• Head, Brain
• Memory
• Stomack, thirst
• Appetite, agues
• Liver, Bloud
• Choler, Sto∣mack,
• looseness
• Aches
• Pains
• spleen,
• strangury
• Stone Jaundies
• Hicket-
• Reines
• French Pox
• Stone
• Spleen
• Venery, Throat
• Hoarseness
• Back, Reins
• Inflamations
• Heat, Liver
• Head-ach, Operate
• Fluxes,
• Venery, Poysons
• Plague Ʋlcers
• Flegm
• Bowells