Pharmacopœia Bateana, or, Bate's dispensatory translated from the second edition of the Latin copy, published by Mr. James Shipton : containing his choice and select recipe's, their names, compositions, preparations, vertues, uses, and doses, as they are applicable to the whole practice of physick and chyrurgery : the Arcana Goddardiana, and their recipe's intersperst in their proper places, which are almost all wanting in the Latin copy : compleated with above five hundred chymical processes, and their explications at large, various observations thereon, and a rationale upon each process : to which are added in this English edition, Goddard's drops, Russel's pouder [sic], and the Emplastrum febrifugum, those so much fam'd in the world : as also several other preparations from the Collectanea chymica, and other good authors / by William Salmon ...

XLI. Spiritus Vitrioli, Spirit of Vitriol.

Bate.] Distil Vitriol cal∣cin'd from Sand, and separate the Spirit from the Flegm▪ S. A. In strengthning the Ventricle, repressing Fevers, quenching Thirst, allaying Inflamations, &c. it is a Secret. Dose so much as may make the Liquor pleasantly acid, and not set the Teeth on edge.

Salmon.] § 1. In our Pharm. Lond. lib. 3. cap. 11. sect. 78. you have the Colledge's way of distilling this Spirit and Oyl, with our Annotations thereon, which in that respect are enough: but by reason several Men have several ways or methods of doing the same, from whence new Observations may arise, and that they are also equally necessary to be known to the ingenious Physician, we shall take the pains here to relate them. § 2. From Marg-gra∣vius. ℞ Vitriol calcined and poudred lbx. put it into a strong earthen Retort, or a glass one well covered with lute; di∣stil in an open Fire for twenty four hours, so will you have Flegm and Spirit come over together: which by rectifica∣tion you must separate: then change your Receiver, and di∣stil with a Reverberating Fire for twenty four hours more, so will you have a most potent and strong Oyl, which is the Oleum Vitrioli verum Paracel∣si; which being mixt with Water will make an Efferve∣scence. § 3. Now here is to be noted, that in the begin∣ning of this distillation, the Fire ought to be small for the first six or eight hours, this brings off the Flegm: then it ought to be increased by de∣grees to the second and third degree of Reverberation for eight hours more, and then urged for the next eight hours to the fourth degree, so have you Spirit and Flegm in one mass together, which (as I said before) by rectification are to be separated: lastly, for the other twenty four hours, the Fire is continued in that same fourth degree for eliciting the Oyl of Para∣celsus. § 4. From this vehement strong Oyl, by means of Wa∣ter, and other Liquors, a white Substance may be precipita∣ted, which by fusion or melt∣ing will turn into Copper.

§ 5. According to Maets thus: ℞ English or Hungarian Vi∣triol calcined to whiteness, put it in grose pouder or bits into an earthen Retort, distil in an open Fire first with a gentle heat, so have you Flegm with a vola∣tile Spirit: then increase the Fire till the Retort grows red hot, so have you the volatile a∣cid Spirit. At length urge the Fire to the fourth and last degree, so have you the red Oyl of Vitriol of Paracelsus, won∣derfully corrosive; continue the Fire in this degree for twenty four hours, till all the Oyl is come forth. All being cool∣ed, take what is distilled, put it into a Cucurbit with a long neck, and with a most gentle Fire abstract the volatile Spi∣rit of Vitriol: what remains at bottom put into a Retort, and with a moderate Fire draw forth the Flegm; then the acid Spirit of Vitriol, lea∣ving the ponderous corrosive Oyl at bottom. § 6. Le Mort's Oleum Vitrioli martis. ℞ Vitriol of Iron lbv. calcined and poudred put it into a Retort so as it may not be above half full, (which thing you ought to observe in the former) add a large Receiver, luting the Joynt well, and then distil: Flegm comes first, then the Spirit and Oyl, the sign of which is, that the Recipient will be full of white Vapours: continue the Fire in the highest degree; so in the space of eight hours you will have a pound of Oyl or more, according to the goodness of the Vitriol. § 7. Now to rectifie this, put all into a glass Retort, and distil first with a gentle Fire, so will a little Flegm come forth, with a sulphurous volatile Spirit: next comes forth the acid Spi∣rit, leaving the most sharp Oyl, like limpid Water in the bottom. § 8. In this ope∣ration you must note, that if your Vitriol be not well cal∣cined, you will have so much the more Flegm, and it will need so much the more recti∣fication: besides, in the first distillation it will endanger the breaking of the Vessels. § 9. That the Vitriol of Mars yields more Oyl, and less of the volatile Spirit, whereas the Vitriol of Venus yields a much less plenty of Oyl, and a far greater quantity of a most grateful Spirit, like Spi∣rit of Sulphur per Campanum. § 10. That the whole quan∣tity of Oyl of Vitriol may ac∣cording to Le Mort be con∣verted into Spirit after this manner: ℞ Oyl of Vitriol ℥j. Common Water ℥iv. mix, and put them into a glass Re∣tort, distil in Sand, and the Flegm will come forth; then a

volatile Spirit, leaving a hea∣vy Oyl in the bottom, a third, or at least a quarter part di∣minished: Repeat the distil∣lation, by mixing more Water with the Oyl, and so often re∣peat this work till the whole Oyl is converted into Spirit. § 11. Le Febure having drawn off his Ros Vitrioli from the crude Vitriol, so long till no more will come, as we have already taught, places the Cucurbit in a Sand heat, with an Alembick Head and Re∣ceiver, and increases the Fire till the Head of the Alembick is filled with white Vapours, and continues it till no more drops of Liquor will fall from it: this acid Liquor he also saves, being a Flegm of Vitriol mixed with some of the volatile Spirit, which, says he, is not to be despised, for thô it has but little acidity in it, yet it partic••pates of the volatile, aperitive, and ano∣dyn Virtue of the Vitriol, which makes it successfully used for cleansing the Reins, and healing all inward Cor∣rosions, quenches Thrist in Feavers, and provokes Urine abundantly. If you add a little Saccharum Saturni to it, it will take away Inflamati∣ons, Pains, and sharpness of the Eyes, heal malignant Ul∣cers in them, they being washt with it warm. And a little Sal Tartari being mixt with it, it takes away itching of the skin, and heals, scabs. § 12. Then he proceeds to making the acid Spirit and Corrosive Oyl thus: ℞ The matter last left in the Cucur∣bit, beat it into a gross Pouder, put it into an earthen or glass Retort well luted, place it in a close Reverberatory, with a ca∣pacious Receiver, well luting the Juncture, give a gradual Fire, as in distilling Spirit of Salt, but higher and longer, with the flame of dry Wood for the space of three days and nights without ceasing, viz. till the Receiver (filled with white Clouds and Vapours in the distilling) grows clear: the distilled Liquorice put into a glass Retort, and distil in Sand with a gradual Fire, till the drops begin to fall, which taste from time to time, to change the Recipient as soon as you perceive them to have an acidity: having drawn off two parts of the Liquor, remove the Fire, so have you three several Liquors. 1. An almost insipid Liquor, con∣taining the volatile Spirit with a sulphurous smell. 2. A plea∣sant acid Liquor, called the acid Spirit of Vitriol. 3. The remaining Oyl in the Retort, which you may purifie by fil∣trating

it through Glass beat∣en into fine Pouder, (for it would corrode all other sub∣stances) commonly called Oyl of Vitriol. § 13. Le Febure's sweet Spirit of Vitriol. ℞ Vi∣triol calcin'd between yellow and red lbiij. put it into a Cu∣curbit in Pouder, add Spirit of Vinegar so much as to reduce it to a paste: stir without cea∣sing putting in still new Spirit of Vinegar, till it is three in∣ches high: put the Cucurbit into B. Vaporoso, cover it with a blind head, and digest in a gentle heat for three whole days: the fourth day decant the Vinegar, and add more fresh Spirit in the room of it; digest again three days and de∣cant; thus proceed seven times, every time adding fresh Spirit of Vinegar: at length filtrate all the Spirit or Tincture, put it into a Cucurbit in Ashes, and draw off the superfluous Menstruum by distillation with a slow and gradual Fire, till the Magma is as thick as Ho∣ney: this make into a mass with calcin'd Pebbles, which put into a Retort, and with a gradual Fire, in twenty four or thirty hours space, draw off an Oyl and Spirit, which rectifie in a Glass Retort in Sand, and keep it for use. § 14. This Spirit or Oyl, is of a plea∣sant sweetish taste, having in it the Virtues of the Vitriol, mixt with those of the Spirit of Vinegar. It may be given in all Diseases proceeding from a Tartarous matter, as the Stone, Gravel, Scurvy, Gout, Rheumatism, Catarrhs, French Pox, and generally in all Di∣seases proceeding from gross and sharp Serosities, as Le∣prosie, Scabs, Herpes, Itch, Tettars, Ring-worms, &c. for this wonderful Spirit rectifies the whole Mass of Blood, by Urine, Sweat, and insensible transpiration. Dose à ℈j. ad ℈ij. in Broth, Decoctions, or Wine, or some appropriated Syrup. § 15. Charras after he has drawn his Ros Vitrioli, and acid Water following it in a Sand heat, Takes the Vi∣triol in the Cucurbit, beats it into Pouder, and fills an ear∣then Retort three quarters full with a large Receiver, and in a close Reverberatory with a gradual Fire increas'd to the utmost violence, draws forth the Spirit. § 16. This Spirit he rectifies, by putting it into a glass Cucurbit covered with its Head and Receiver, di∣stilling in Sand first with a gentle heat, by which the vo∣latile, subtil, penetrating, sul∣phurous Spirit is drawn off, and kept in a Glass close stopt by it self: then continu∣ing the Fire the Flegm arises:

after that, an acid Spirit, lea∣ving at the bottom of the Cucurbit the heavy Spirit, commonly called Oyl of Vi∣triol. § 17. According to Rolfincius: ℞ Roman Vitriol lbxxv. calcine to whiteness, and the absumption of its humidity, the Vessels being cold, take the mass, which will be about lbxiv. and put it into an earthen Re∣tort in a Reverberatory Fur∣nace, with a large Receiver, observing degrees of Fire for the space of three or four days, till all the Spirit and Oyl is come over, which rectifie in a Cucurbit, separating the Spi∣rit, Flegm, and Oyl, as before directed. § 18. Zwelfer says, That the Retort is to be fil∣led not above half full, and that the Receiver ought to be long, and have a large neck, because of the violence and impetuosity with which the Spirits come forth; that the Fire is to be very gentle while the Flegm is a coming forth, which ought to distil drop by drop, for the space of ten or twelve hours: then the Fire by degrees being in∣creased, white Clouds will break or come forth, which will fill the Retort, and Re∣ceiver also; and that this di∣stillation is to be continued with the highest violence of the Fire for the space of two days, till the whole radical humidity, viz. Spirit and Oyl (improperly so called) are come forth, and all the said white Clouds cease to appear. § 19. Lemery makes it thus: ℞ Vitriol calcined to whiteness lbviij. put it into an earthen Retort, so as to fill it about three quarters full: place it in a close Reverberatory, with a very large Receiver: give a very small Fire to make the Flegm come forth which re∣mained yet in the Vitriol. When no more will come off, take off the Recipient, decant the Flegm, (which is used for Inflamations of the Eyes) and refit the Recipient again to the Retort, luting the Juncture; increase the Fire gradatim, and when you see white Clouds to fill the Receiver, continue it in the same condition till the Re∣ceiver grows cold, then streng∣then the Fire with Wood to an extream violence, till the flame rises through the Funnel of the Reverberatory: the Receiver will then fill again with white Clouds; now continue the Fire in this degree, for the space of three days and nights, letting it then go out. § 20. The Vessels being cold, decant the Spirit into a glass Body, set it in Sand, and immedi∣ately fit to it a Head with its Receiver, and distil with a

very gentle Fire four or five Ounces; this is the Sulphu∣rous Spirit of Vitriol, which keep by itself in a Glass close stopt. Change the Receiver, and augmenting the Fire di∣stil about half the Liquor which remains; this is the a∣cid Spirit of Vitriol. That which yet remains in the glass Body is the most acid part of the Vitriol, and is called Oyl, thô improperly, and may be used like the a∣cid Spirit in continual Fea∣vers, and other Distempers which proceed from a vio∣lent heat. In the bottom of the Retort remains the Caput Mortuum, which is called Colcothar, out of which is eli∣cited the Sal Vitrioli, The Sty∣ptick Water of Rabel, and Ens Veneris. § 21. As to the choice of the Vitriol, Lemery advises to take green English Vitriol, such as (saith he) be∣ing rubbed upon Iron, does not at all change colour, which shews that it does not partake of Copper, as the German does, that looks a lit∣tle blewish, and is more acri∣monious. § 22. There comes also a great deal of Flegm into the Receiver, which is known to be all come off, when there drops no more. When the volatile sulphurous Spirits come, you must then be very careful of the Fire, for they come with a great deal of violence, and will break the Retort, if driven too furiously. They being come forth, you must then augment the Fire to the high∣est and last degree of all, for the acid Spirit will not part with its Earth, unless forced by an extraordinary heat. § 23. From lbviij. of Vitriol calcin'd (sixteen Ounces to the pound) you will have of Flegm ℥xvij. of the volatile sulphurous Spirit, and acid Spirit together ℥xxiiss. of which twenty two Ounces and half, there will be of the volatile sulphurous Spirit about four or five Ounces: and in the Retort you will have lbv.℥v. of Colcothar. § 24. That if you use German Vi∣triol instead of English, you may have a little more Spirit than the proportion named, by reason of the Copper par∣ticles contained in the Vitriol, it would smell something like A F. and the matter remain∣ing in the Retort would be of a brown or darker colour. § 25. That no other Body is added to Vitriol in distillati∣on, as in the distillation of Nitre, because its own Body contains Earth enough. § 26. That the Furnace ought to be very thick, that the heat of

the Fire being little or none of it lost through the pores, may the better act upon the Retort. § 27. That some in distilling Vitriol continue the Fire for four or five days together: and that if it should be continued for three or four days longer, there would come forth a congeal∣ed Oyl of Vitriol, and Cau∣stick, which is nothing but the more fixt part of the Spi∣rit of Vitriol, or common Oyl. § 28. That all acid Spirits are only salts made fluid by force of Fire, they thereby being disengaged for their terrestious parts; and that they may again be revi∣ved by affusing them upon some proper Alcali. Thus Spirit of Vitriol put upon Iron, and remaining there some time, does reincorporate in∣to Vitriol. And Spirit of Ni∣tre, put upon Salt of Tartar, makes again Saltpeter. § 29. That the Caustick nature of the Oyl of Vitriol, and its fiery Corrosion, pro∣ceeds from a repletion of the mineral Salt with fiery parti∣cles, without which it could never burn nor heat any for∣reign matter put into it. § 30. If into a Tincture of Violets, or of the Sun-flower, you drop Sp. Vitrioli, it will presently make it red; put into it Ol. Tartari, or of Pot∣ashes, and it will recover its former colour again. Con∣trariwise, put to the said Tincture Oyl of Tartar, or Spirit of Sal Armoniack, and the blew Tincture will pre∣sently turn green; put then into it a little Sp. Vitrioli, and it will be an obscure red. A Tincture of red Roses in warm fair Water, will be very weak and mean; if thereinto you drop a little Spirit of Vitriol, it will im∣mediately be of a high red: drop into it afterwards Ol. Tartari, it will become of a dirty black. § 31. So also, a decoction of Brazil, Log∣wood, or Brazilletto, being very red, if you drop into it Spirit of Vitriol, it turns it yellow; and then if you add Volatile Spirit of Sal Armoni∣ack, it will become black: if also you drop Oyl of Tartar into Claret, it becomes gree∣nish, but adding a little Spi∣rit of Vitriol it returns to its former colour again, &c. Now all these changes of co∣lour made by these differing Salts, do really arise only from the different position of the particles of Bodies dissol∣ved in the Liquor, and their disposition to modifie and re∣present the light several and different ways. § 32. Some

Authors put Vitriol into a Glass Cucurbit in an Ash heat, covered with its Head and Re∣ceiver, and well luting the Junctures, with a moderate heat they draw off the Flegm and acid Spirit, or Ros Vi∣trioli, as much as they can force to ascend; then they co∣hobate the distilled Liquor up∣on the Paeces, distilling and co∣hobating seven or eight times and redoubling the heat in the last distillation, they at length draw forth a Flegm mixt with much acid Spirit, which is of a very grateful odour, being cir∣culated in a Sand heat with a Fire of digestion, in a Glass well closed. § 33. The Vir∣tues of the volatile sulphurous Spirit of Vitriol. It is good against Palsies, Asthma's, and Diseases of the Lungs, it also dissipates pains of the Head, eases the Megrim, and cures the Epilepsy, and Apoplexy, and indeed most Diseases of the Head, Nerves, Breast, and Lungs, it opens, cuts, at∣tenuates, absterges, resolves viscous humors, resists putre∣faction, and heals Ulcers of the Lungs, and Spitting Blood. But, saith Rolfincius, Non pos∣sidet omnes enumeratas virtu∣tes primario & ex se, sed mul∣tas secundariò ex accidente. In Diseases of the Head from a hot cause it is taken in a cold Vehicle, as Aqua Rosa∣rum, &c. but in Diseases from a cold cause, in a hot Vehicle, as the Spirituous Water of Rosemary, Sage, Lavender, &c. It prevails against a Vertigo, and is gi∣ven against an Apoplexy in Apoplectick Waters, as that of the Tile-tree, Lillies of the Valley, &c. against a Phren∣sie, in Syrup of Poppies, or Tincture of the same: against the Falling-sickness, in Lime-flower, or Peony-water, &c. against Convulsions, in Sage Water. In Diseases of the Breast, in Water, Tincture, or Decoction of Veronica, or Elecampane. Against Disea∣ses of the Stomach in Mint or Cinamon-Water. Against the Dropsie in some Diuretick Water, as of Pars••y, Arsmart, Onions, &c. Against the Co∣lick in Water or Tincture of Zedoary, or Juniper-Berries, against the Stone in the Reins or Bladder in the last afore∣mentioned-Waters, or in Strawberry, or Saxifrage-Water. Against putrid and burning Feavers, and to quench Thirst in Sorrel Wa∣ter, or Julepo Rosaceo. A∣gainst malign Feavers in Wa∣ter of Goats Rue, Angelica, &c. § 34. The Virtues of the acid Spirit of Vitriol. It is Diuretick, Diaphoretick, A∣peritive,

and Inciding, resists Putrefaction, and allays In∣flamations, wherefore it is of great force against all burn∣ing Feavers, occasioned by putrid and malignant Hu∣mours, as also against Ob∣structions of the Liver, Spleen, and Mesentery; it restores Appetite when lost, streng∣thens the Faculties of the Sto∣mach, correcting its defects It eases the Tooth-ache, if mixt with White-wine, and held in the mouth: and if mixt with Water or Juyce of Celandine, it cures the Scurf, Scab, and Scald of the Head, by washing it therewith, de∣stroying it in its root, and killing that sharp, acid, cor∣rosive and malign humour which causes it: in a word, it is a perfect Cure for the Scurvy, and a most admira∣ble thing given dietetically a∣gainst a Gonorrhoea, and the Reliques of the French Di∣sease: I speak by the Experi∣ence I have had of it in ma∣ny Patients, in those Diseases. § 35. The Virtues of the Cor∣rosive Oyl of Vitriol: Le Mort, and most other Authors, say, it is not given inwardly, by reason of its corrosive and catheretic quality, &c. but now with us it is daily given as the acid Spirit, being mixt with fit and appropriate Ve∣hicles, and has all the same medical Virtues. Authors say, it is improperly called Oyl, for that it is neither in∣flamable nor unctuous; but if differing Substances, many have principles of differing forms, I know not why it may not more properly be called Oyl, than Spirit; and forasmuch as all mixt Bodies are composed of Earth, Wa∣ter, Salt, Oyl, and Spirit, there is no reason, that Me∣tals and Minerals should be exempted from being repleat with a respective Oyl also. Lemery says, it may be used like the acid Spirit in conti∣nual Feavers, and other Di∣stempers that are accompa∣nied with a virulent heat. It is also used in Chymical O∣perations, as for the dissolu∣tion of Metals, fixing of Spi∣rit, and many other Alchy∣mical Secrets; and accord∣ing to Helmont, is the chief Ingredient in the Lapis But∣leri. It is a most admira∣ble Catheretick in sordid and rebellious Ulcers, for that in a moment it puts a stop to the putrefaction, and puts a period to the eating, &c. § 36. The Dose. The volatile sul∣phurous Spirit may be given à gut. viij. ad x. or xx. ac∣cording to Age and Strength. As for the acid Spirit, and

the Oyl, there is no better way to limit the Dose, than by putting in so much, or so many drops into the Vehicle, till the sharpness be pleasing to the Palate. All these Spi∣rits of Vitriol are good to kill Worms, have a peculiar faculty to stop internal fluxes of Blood, to cool Inflamati∣ons of the Eyes, or any other part, and to resist and destroy the malignity of Plague or Pestilence, and all other ma∣lign Feavers, as also the pu∣trefaction proceeding from the Bitings of Vipers, Rattle-Snakes, Mad Dogs, or any o∣ther venemous Creature, in∣wardly given as before di∣rected, and outwardly ap∣plied to the Wound. § 37. A sweet green Oyl of Vitriol. ℞ Coperas Stones, q. v. beat them small, and lay them in a cool Cellar, and in twenty or thirty days they will attract the Air, and look black, and after fourteen days more be∣come whitish and sweetish, then dissolve them in distilled Rain-water, filter and evaporate the Water, so will they shoot into green Crystals: these beat small and dissolve in a Cellar per deliquium, by laying them on a marble stone. This is a kind of oily Liquor, which some Authors affirm to be Para∣celsus's famous Medicine for the Falling-sickness, a few drops being taken in any appropriate Liquor. Beware in making, that the Liquor comes at no strong Fire; for then, saith Paracelsus, it loses its greenness, and as much as it loses of that, so much it loses of its virtue: from this Liquor a Spirit may be drawn by an ingenious Ar∣tist, which will smell like Musk or Ambergrise.