The most excellent workes of chirurgerye, made and set forth by maister John Vigon, heed chirurgie[n] of our tyme in Italie, translated into english. Whereunto is added an exposition of straunge termes [and] vnknowen symples, belongyng to the arte

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The interpreta¦tion of straunge wordes, vsed in the traslation of Vigon.

ABietis.: Vigo in one or .ii. re∣ceytes, cōmaū¦deth to take of abietis .ʒ. ii. & ss where he mea¦neth the rasyn of the fyrre, or sapyne tree. I haue red also, that the apotecaries call palmam Elatē, wherof, the oyle called oleū elatinū is made, palmā a∣bietē. Palma is a date tree, & abies a fyr tree.
Aborcement: Aborcement, is when a chylde is borne out of season.
Abstersiue: Abstersiue is that, which hath po∣wer to scoure.
Acacia.: Acacia is a thornie tree growyng in Egipt, which hathe a whyte seede cloosed in coddes, whereout a medi∣cenal iuce is pressed. And there issueth also a gūme out of this tree, cōmenly called gūme arabike: howebeit in the stede of true acacia, they commenlye vse the iuce of sloes. And therfore we haue so translated it sometymes.
Accidentes.: An accident is that, that maye be in a thyng, and away frō the sayd thing the selfe same thing remaynyng styll vndistroyed. As vehemēt payne may be an aposteme, or from it, withoute remouyng of the aposteme. It soun∣deth worde for word, chaunsyng to.
Acetositas citri.: I dyd translate it ones or twyse, the foure iuce of an orenge: howebeit the apothecaries make this syrupe w^t the iuce of a citron (as they haue she∣wed me) Natheles Fuchsius techeth that they ben both of lyke vertue and effect. And Io. Agricola sayth y^e citrō signifyeth an orenge, and also a limō. And bycause this name is doutfull, I leue it to thy iudgemēt, good reader, whether thou wylt (when thou fyn∣dest the ryndes of a cytron, or y^e iuce) vnderstand an orēge or a pome citrō.
Acorus.: Brūfelsius calleth acorū wild flour delyse. Mainarde sayth, that he was wont to vse calamus aromaticus in the stede of acorus. Some take it for galingale.
Adiutorie.: They call the two bones which ex∣tende from the shulders vnto the el∣bowes, ossa adiutoria.
Aematites.: Haematites is a precious stone, and hath his name of bloody colour. For Haema in Greke signifyeth bloode. It hath strength to heate, to thynne, and to scoure, and it is vsyd in medicines for the eyes.
Agarike.: Some say, that Agaricū is a rote, and some affirme, that it growtth to trees lyke to destooles. It is founde in wylde places of Sarmatia, and al¦so in Galatia, and Cilitia, and it dry∣ueth out fleame and cholere, but not spedely.
Agrippa.: Agrippa is an oyntment descrybed in Galenes antidotari.
Albugineus.: Albugineus is that, that pertay∣heth to the whyte of the eye.
Alchohol.: The barbarous auctours vse al∣chohol, or (as I fynde it sometymes wryten) alcofoll, for moost fyne pou∣dre.
Alchachinga.: Alchachinga is taken for the secōd kynde of nyghtshade. Plinnie calleth it halicacabum.

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Alleluya.: They vse thys worde, Allelu∣ya, for a kynde of thre leaued grasse, which is soure in taste.
Almocatim.: The barbarous wryters calle the nether bones of the heed Almocatim.
Aloes.: Aloe is the liquour of an herbe, brought vnto vs out of India. Som affirme, that the maner of makyng it is this. They stāpe the herbe, & draw out the slymye iuyce, and lay it to the fyre, tyll it boyle, and than they set i•• a sunnynge, tyll it be drye. And that, that is purest, they call succotrine, or succocitrine, that which is in the mid¦dell, beinge lesse pure, hepaticke, and fynally that which synketh to the bo∣tome, and is as it were the dregges, they call Cabaline. Aloe is bytter in taste, and of an hote and drye comple¦xion. It purgeth choler, and comfor∣teth the stomacke, and is moreouer of greate effect in woundes.
Althea.: Dioscorides wrytteth, that Al∣thea is a kynde of wylde mallowes, hauynge rounde leaues, and floures lyke roses, it is commenlye taken for holyhocke, and so I haue euer tran∣slated it. Howbeit the chirurgyens be¦yonde the see, vse marche mallowes for Althea.
Alumen zuccarinū.: There bene manye kyndes of Alu∣mes: But thre bene mooste knowen, which they cōmunely call, Iamenū, zuccharinum, or rotundum, and roch alume. Alume hath vertue to bynde, and therfore it is called Stipteria in Greke, and it is moreouer abstersyue, or scourynge.
Ambrosine.: Ambrosia is communelye taken for wylde sage.
Ameos.: Ameos. Ammi, in the genetiue case, Ammeos is a whyte seede, hote, and drye in the thyrde degre. It groweth by the cytie of Egypte called Alexan¦dria. In stede of this herbe, some vse the seed of cheruel.
Amygdalae.: At the roote of the tonge, there bene (as it were) two flesshye kernel∣les, lyke sponges, called in Greke pa∣ris••••mia, in latyne tonsillae, and of the 〈◊〉〈◊〉 doctours amygdalae, that is al∣mondes.
Amydum.: They corruptly vse this worde A∣mydū, for that, that is called in greke Amylon, and it is the iuyce or mylke of wheate steeped in water certayne dayes, and afterwarde pressed.
Anthera.: Though Vigon thynketh An∣theram to be the yollowe in the myd∣dest of a rose, yet Cornelius Celsus, sayeth that it is a composition for the diseases of the mouthe, wherein ro∣ses entre.
Anotamie.: Anotamie is a Greke worde, and sygnifyeth the cuttynge vp of a mans bodye, or of some other thing.
Anacardinum mel.: They call the iuyce of anacardus honye anacardine. And whan they saye, that anacardus is the frute of a tree called Pediculus Eliphantis, whych groweth in Sicilia, and Apu¦lia. The honye or iuyce of this frute, burneth bloode, and rooteth vp war∣tes.
Animall spirites.: Resorte to vitall spirites.
Anodine.: Thynges whiche are wythout grefe, are caled in Greke, anodina. Howbeit, Vigon vseth the word for thynges that remoue payne.
Antecedent.

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Antidota.: Antidota are medicines to be recey∣ued within the bodye. whereof there bene thre dyfferences. For some are gyuen agaynst poyson, some agaynst the styngyng of venemous beastes, or serpentes: and some heale diseases gathered of corrupt meates, and drin¦kes. They call a boke wherein suche medicynes are descrybed an antido∣tarie.
Anthos.: Anthos in Greke, sygnifyeth a floure, howbeit, it is cōmunely vsed, for the floures of rosemarye.
Antimonium: Antimoniū is a veyne of the earth lyke leade, howbeit, it hath this diffe∣rence from a metal. A metal melteth, Antimonium is brayed, and wyll be burnt rather than molten, it is colde, and drye in the thyrde degree. And it is put in colliries for the eyes. &c.
Anthrax.: Anthrax is engendred when grosse and boylyng blood, leanyng to some part of the body, burneth the skynne. For Anthrax in Greke, sygnifyeth a coole: and for the same cause it is cal∣led carbunculus in latyne, which is a diminitiue of carbo, a coole.
Apium risus.: Apium risus is taken for Batro∣chion, whiche is thought to be crow∣fote, & it is called Betrachiō, or ranū¦culus, bicause frogges delite therin. And therfore the later auctours cal it apiū raninū. And they say that it is called apium risus, bycause the man that eateth therof, dyeth laughynge. For risus signifieth laughing. which auctours assigne to that, that grow∣eth in Sardinia.
Aphorisme.: Aphorismus signifieth a distinctiō.
Aposteme.: Aposteme is a passion wherein the thynges are sondred, whiche before were ioyned togyther. wherfore ther remayneth an emptye space, whyche receyueth a wyndye or moyste sub∣staunce, or bothe. And the sayde sub∣staunce fretteth the partes about, ma¦kynge roume for hym selfe. In latyne it is called abscessus.
Aqua gariofilata.: Aqua gariofilata is the water of cloues: as it appeareth in the fourthe boke of abridgementes. Howbeit, by¦cause gariofilata is commenly taken for ieloflours, for that, that they haue the odour of cloues called gariophili I thynke I dyd translate it ones, the water of iellyflours. Here ye shal note that though gariofillata be commen∣lye taken for iellofloures, yet other well lerned men thinke it to be Auēs, and so perchaunce I haue translated it sometymes.
Armoniake.: Dioscorides, calleth that, that Vigon calleth armoniake, ammonia∣cum, of ammos, whyche sygnifyeth sande. For it is the lyquour of a shrub in Aphrica, called agafyllis, whyche falleth vpon sande, and so is found in clottes. Ammoniacum also is a kinde of salte founde vnder sande.
Arcula puerorum.: Arcula puerorū. The later wryters of chirurgeri, vsing an arabike terme call the blysterynges, which through corrupt mylke, happen in the roofe of chylderens mouthes, Alcolā. Yf this be not the disease whiche Vigon cal∣leth arculā. I can lerne of nomā what it shulde be.
Aristologia.: Aristolochia hathe his name of y^t, y^t it helpeth greatly women in labour, for the expulsyon of the secondes. There bene two kyndes hereof, the male, and the female. The male is called longe, the female, rounde.

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Aromatike.: Aromata be spyces of good odour. Aromatike is that, that hath the na∣ture and qualitie of good spyces.
Arsenyke.: Arsenicon is a greke worde, and is called in latyne auripigmētū, bicause it hath the colour of golde. And it is digged oute of mynes, and hath ver∣tue to gnawe, to bynde, to represse. It rayseth bladders lyke fyre, and fy∣nally it roteth vp heeres, and causeth baldnesse. Vigon vseth arsenike, and auripigmentū for .ii. thinges: whiche difference I fynde not in lerned aun∣cient auctours.
Aromaticum rosatū.: Aro. ro. is a confection made of red roses, saunders, cinamome. &c. to com¦forte the herte and the stomake.
Arthetica.: Arthritis is when there is weake∣nesse in all the ioyntes of the body, a noughty humour flowing to y^e same. It is caled podagra, whan the hu∣mour is in the feete, & chiragra when it is in the handes, Ischia dica (or as they call it) sciatica, whē it is about y^e huclebone, whiche is called ischion in Greke.
Arterie.: An arterie is the waye, passage, or conduyct of the natural spirites, as a veyne is the waye of bloode.
Asa.: Asa fetida is a stynkynge gumme, which heateth vehementlye.
Asparage.: Asparagus is an herbe ful of braū¦ches and longe leaues lyke fenell, his roote is greate, long, hauing a būche. There bene two kyndes hereof. The garden asparage is a good meate for the stomake, and looseth the bellye.
Assignatio.: Assignatiō: appoyntynge.
Assarum bacchar.: Some cal assarū wylde spikenarde. Some Asarū bacchar. It is an herbe of good odour, hauynge leaues lyke yuye, sauynge that they ben lesse, and rounder. The floure of this herbe is of purple colour, wherin there are see¦des lyke the stones of grapes. Thys herbe healeth and prouoketh vryne. Hermolaus Barbarus teacheth that there is a difference betwene Asarum & Bacchar, though theyr vertues are lyke. Ruellius sayth that Bacchar is called in the countrie, our ladyes glo∣ues.
Aspis.: Aspis is a venemous serpente, whose styngyng bryngeth heuynesse of the heed, and slepynesse.
Attractiue.: That is called attractiue that hath strength to drawe to a place.
Attrition.: Attrition: wearynge asondre.
Augmentation.: Augmentatio. Encrease.
Atramentum minerale.: Atramentū minerale, or metallicū groweth togyther in mynes of brasse and semeth to be of y^e nature of brasse It hath the same strength to burne, that vitriolle Romayne hath.
Baurach.: BAurach, is the fome of the salte, called nitrum. And therefore, it is cal∣led in Greke, Aphroni∣trum.

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Baucia.: The later wryters cal pastinacū, (that is, persnepes) Bauciam.
Bedeguar.: Serapion teacheth, that bedeguar is that, that Dioscorides calleth spi∣nam albam which groweth in moū∣taynes, and wooddye places, wyth rough, and pryckynge leaues, purple leaues, and an hollowe stalke, and whytysh in the toppe, wherof it hath a pryckye heed.
Bechichie.: Bechichie. I thynke they wolde saye Bechie, that is agaynst y^e cough. For Bechion sygnifyeth the cough in Greke.
Ben.: Ben. Dioscorides calleth ben bala∣non myrepsicam, and the latynes glā¦dē vnguentariam. And the sayde au∣tour teacheth, that it is the frute of a tree growynge in Ethiopia, Egypt, and Aphrica, about the bignesse of an hasel nutte, which frute being pressed sendeth out a liquour, which they vse in precyous oyntmentes.
Biarbor.: Loke in vitis alba: for the Italiās call vitis alba, biarbor.
Bdelium.: Bdelium is a lyquoure of a tree of Arabie.
Bisantia.: The pandectarie, sayth that bizan¦tia is the iuce of herbes y^t prouoke v∣ryne.
Blacce bisantie.: Blatte bisātie ben shel fyshes found in India in waters, by whiche spike¦narde groweth, & they eate the spyke¦narde, and therfore haue a pleasaunt and aromaticke odoure. The smoke hereof draweth downe the secondes of women, and the same rayseth thē vp, that haue the fallynge sycknesse. The latynes call them vngues odo∣ratos.
Bolearmenie.: Bolearmenie is a veyne of red erth founde in armenie.
Boras.: Boras, other wryte it borax, and Plinie sayth, that it is a lyquoure in pyttes, runnyng by a veyne of golde, and by the colde of wynter, it is har∣dened. It is called in greke chrysocol∣la, as if you wold saye, y^e glue of gold
Bozomus.: This worde Bozomus is found in no good auctour, that euer I chaun∣ced to see. Bromus in greke signifieth the corne which we call Otes, let the reader iudge, whether Vigon vse bo∣zomus, for bromus.
Bruscus.: Some thynke, that Bruscus is a wilde myrt. It hath leaues prycking in the ende, and a frute lyke cheryes. The latynes call it ruscum. In some places they make besommes of it, to swepe pauementes. I founde it En∣glysshed in an olde wrytten boke, li∣tholme. Some call it gueholme.
Bubon.: Bubon is a swellynge in the ker¦nelles. In the pestilence it is wonte to appeare in the necke, in the flankes and vnder the armehooles.
CAncrena.: Gangrena is whan some parte of the body through gret inflāmation dieth, but is not yet perfitly deed when it is perfytelye deed, and without felynge: it is called sphacelos in Greke, whiche they haue turned to ascachillos, sideratio in la∣tyne. Some saye, that gangrena, is whan a membre is apte to putrefye. Ascachillos, when it is putrifyed, but hathe not al partes of putrefaction. Esthiomenos, when a membre hath all degrees of putrefaction.
Camphore

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Cantharides.: Cantharides are certayne (as it were) flyes of sondry colour, of longe bodyes, hauynge yolowe, and croked strakes on theyr wynges. They haue strength to drawe heate to the ouer∣most part of the bodye, and to blystre.
Capsula cordis.: Capsula cordis, called pericardion in Greke, is the skynne that couereth the herte, the skaberde or sheth of the herte.
Caput monachi.: Caput monachi soundeth a mon∣kes heed, and it is thought to be the herbe which the Grecians call buph∣thalmon, that is oxe eye, and whyche we call mayweede.
Carduus benedictus.: Carduus benedictus: Hieromye Tragus sayeth, that they are discey∣ued, whiche thynke that car. bene. is groundeswel, or housleke, and he iud¦geth it to be carduus, which is a thi∣stell bearynge floures somwhat red∣der, than purple: Some cal it wolfe∣thystell.
Cassia.: Cassia fistularis, or nigra, is a frute longe, rounde, hollowe, conteynynge in it a liquour rongeled, which is de∣uyded by certayne spaces, as it were with thyn peces of wood, it purgeth boylyng colere. There groweth an o∣ther cassia in Arabie, of colour lyke co¦ral, of a pleasaunt odour, & it is called cōmenly cassialignia. It healeth, dry∣eth, and byndeth. &c.
Castoreum.: Casto. is the stone of castor, which is a beest that lyueth partly in the wa¦ter, and partly in the earth, called of some a beuer. Castoreū hath vertue a∣gaynst serpentes, it prouoketh nee∣synge, the floures. &c.
Cataplasma.: Many put no dyfference betwene cataplasma and emplastrū. Howbeit proprelye Cataplasma is made of grene herbes stamped, and sodden in water, tyll they be softe: and differeth from a playster, for they put oyle to a plaister, after the decoction of herbes.
Catarrhus: Catarrhus commeth of catarrheo, whiche signifyeth to flowe downe, to runne downe. For whē an humour descendeth from the brayne, they call it a catarrhe, or reume.
Cataracte.: They call it a cataract, whē a slymy humour, growen togyther lyke yse, betwene the skynnes of the eyes, cor∣nea and coniūctiua, commeth aboute the apple of the eye. In latyne, it is called suffusio, in greke hypochyma.
Cauterie.: Cauterion is an hote yron, and it commeth of caio, causo, which sygni∣fyeth to burne. They call an actuall cauterie, a burnte yron: a potentiall, that, that is wythoute fyre and yron, but hath partely lyke strength, as vn¦guentum egiptiacum. &c.
Celidonie.: Salendine is called chelidonia, bycause that the swallowes restore syghte to theyr younge byrdes ther∣with. For chelidō in greke signifyeth a swallowe.
Centorie the greater.: Leonardus fuchsius thynketh that, to be cētaurie the greter, which the Apothecaries call rhaponticum. Centaurie the lesse, is called fel terre, that is the gall of the erth, by reason of his greate bytternesse.

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Cerote.: Ceratum hathe his name of cera, y^t is waxe, for it is compounde of oiles, terebentyne and waxe.
Cerusse,: Cerussa is made wyth stronge vin∣aygre and leade. It hath vertue to mū¦difie, and to scoure.
Charabe.: Karabe is vsed for succinū, whyche is the gumme of a blacke poppler tre.
Chalcantum.: Chalcantum is a congeled lyquore founde in the mynes of brasse. The Ro¦maines bycause of the blacke coloure, called it atramentū, and bicause that skynners vsed it in theyr shoppes cal∣led sutrine, they added sutoriū. Chal∣cos in greke soundeth brasse.
Chamepiteos.: Chamepitys is cōmunelye & fals∣lye taken for an herbe that groweth in corne, of no odoure hauynge greyishe or blewishe floures. Harmā of Nue∣nar councelleth to vse saynte Iohns worte, in stede therof. The word soū∣deth, as you wolde saye a lowe pyne tre, and it is an herbe hauynge the lea¦ues, and sent of a pyne tre, whych Ro∣berte Recorde a man for hys singuler lernynge, and greate trauayle in ser∣chynge of herbes ryght worthie to be remembred, shewed vnto me, and (as he said) he found it in an hylle in kent. It is aboute halfe an handful hyghe, & (as is aforsayd) it hath the semblaūce of a pyne tre leafe, and the sauour of y^e same. So that by the description it ap¦peareth to be true chamepitys.
Cheiri.: Some take cheiri for yelow uiolets.
Chilis.: Chile in greke signifieth nourysh∣ment.
Chrysomela.: Chrysomela soūdeth worde for word golden apples. The beste of thys frute are brought oute of strinenia. They ben good for an hote stomake. Otho sayeth that quinces are called chryso∣mela.
Centrum galli.: The auctour of the pandectes sayth that centrum galli is gallitricū which is claire, a kynde of mayden heere but is falselye thought to be. And he sayth also that it is hierabotanum, that is veruenne. Simon genuensis sayeth that it is a greate herbe hauynge pur∣ple floures bendinge to whytnes, and that it is called in ferraria S. Iohns herbe. In an olde boke I founde it en∣glyshed schawort. Some thynke it to be oculus christi.
Cicatrice.: A cicatrice is the scarre of a woūde.
Cicers.: A cicer is a kynde of pulse lyke pe∣sen.
Cimolia.: Chimolia is a kynde of erth brought out of Sardinia, Creta, and also Spayne, It is good agaynst the bur∣nynge of fyre, & it hath vertue to bind, and to drye.
Clymanū.: Clymenō is an herbe whyche hath a square stalke lyke a beane stalke, and leaues lyke plantayn. A iuyce is stray¦ned out of y^e roote of it, whych is good for them that spitte bloode.
Clyster.: Clyster cometh of clyzeia, whyche signifieth to washe. It is called also enema of eniemi to cast in.
Collyrie.: Collyria are medicines to be appli∣ed to the eyes. And there bene two kyndes therof. One is liquide, & cleare and that nowe is comunely called col∣lyrion. The other is drye, and that they cal barbarously a Sief. In greke the fyrst is hydrocollourion, y^e second, perocollourion.

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Colofonia.: Colofonia is called pix greca, y^t is greke pytch, bicause that ther is great abundaunce therof in greke lande. It is hote in the seconde, and drye in the fyrste degre.
Coloquintida.: Colocynthis is a wylde, and bytter gourde. It hath vertue to purge. The apothecaries call it colliquintida, for colocynthida, in the accusatyue case.
Conioyncte.: Conioyncte is ioyned together
Coniunctiua.: The seuenthe skynne of the eye cal∣led in latine coniunctiua, is called in greke epipephycoes, bycause it gro∣weth to the other tunicles, that make vp the eye, in the outwarde parte.
Cōmissure.: Commissura is when two thinges are sette ioyned, or souldred together, a seame.
Comune seedes.: The hote comune seedes are these, anise seede, perseley seede, fenell seede, smallage seede the seede of asparage, and bruscus. The comune colde sedes called the greater are these, cocomber, gourde, melon, and citron seedes. The comune colde sedes called the lesse, are the sedes of endiue, purselane, lactuce, scariole or whyte endyue.
Conglutinatiue.: Conglutinatiue, is that, that hath strength to glue together.
Consolidation.: Consolidation is ioynynge or soul∣drynge together.
Contraction.: Contractiō is whē a thyng is dra∣wen together.
Constrictiue.: Constrictiue is that, that hath ver∣tue to strayne, or bynde together.
Consolida the greater.: Cōsolida y^e greater is cōferie after y^e opinion of all chirurgiens. Cōsolida y^e lesse (as Dioscorides sayeth) groweth in stones, and hath braunches lyke or∣ganye, and toppes lyke thyme. It is a plante all woddye, of swete tast pro∣uokynge spettell. Consolida media is comunelye taken for dayses. Howebe∣it the chirurgiens in Flaunders take it for dogge fenell, whyche is a weede growynge amonge corne lyke camo∣mylle. Consolida regalis is called in dutche Ritter sporen, that is knygh∣tes spurre, bycause it hathe a pleasaūt blewe floure, fashioned lyke a spurre. All these ben called consolidae, bicause they haue vertue to consounde, and to glue woundes together.
Coraliine.: Corolina is thoughte to be bryon whyche is mosse growynge to stones in the sea, and kylleth the wormes of chyldren.
Cordiall.: They call that cordial, that confor∣teth the harte.
Corrosiue.: Corrosiue is that, whyche hath po∣wer to gnawe, and eate awaye.
Crisis.: Crisis signifieth iudgement. Loke in terminatio ad crisim.
Crassula.: They make thre kyndes of crassu∣la, the greater, the lesse, and y^t meane. The greater hathe thycke leaues lyke houseleke. The lesse is vermicularis, the meane carduus benedictus after the comune opinion. Some call cras∣sula maior orpin, and crassula minor stone croppe.
Cubebes.: Cubebe are the sedes of a tree gro∣wynge in India. Whereof some bene hote lyke pepper. Some bytter. &c. they prouoke vrine, and breake the stone.
Cuscuta.

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Cyperus.: Cyperus is a rushe of swete odour growynge in Syria, and in the Isles called Cyclades, the rootes whereof are vsed in medicines to heate, and to prouoke vrine. There is another kynd of cyperus in India and the roote of it is lyke gynger. It remoueth heere be∣ynge annoynted vpon one place. &c.
Cyathe.: Cyathus is a measure conteyning in weight of wyne one ounce, thre drā¦mes, & foure siliquas. Siliqua is the thyrde part of obolus. Obolus is half a scruple.
Cyclaminus.: Cyclaminus is an herbe, hauynge leaues lyke iuye, purple, chaūgeable, wyth whytysh spottes aboue, and be∣neth. The floure of it is lyke a rose, of coloure enclinyng to purple. The iuce of the stalke of thys herbe is poured into the nose wyth honye to purge the heade.
Dianucum.: DIanucum is made of the iuyce of the ryndes of walnuttes, and ho∣nye. They vse this me∣dicine, when humours descende frō the heade to the brest and we saunde.
Digestiue.: In chirurgerie a digestiue is taken for that, that prepareth the matter to mundification or clensynge. Howbeit properly digestion is, when good iuce is distributed into al the partes of the bodye, by the veynes.
Desiccatiue.: Desiccatiue is that, y^t hathe vertue to drye.
Dialthea.: Dial. is a confection made of holi∣hockes.
Daigredium.: Diacrydiū is the iuyce of scamonie howebeit it is counterfaite.
Diacyminū.: A confection of cumine.
Diaphinicon: Diaphoenicō is a cōfectiō made of dates. Phoenix in greke signifieth a date tree.
Diophoretica vis.: Vis diaphoret. is strēgth to discusse.
Dianthos.: Dianthos is a cōfectiō made wyth floures whyche is geuen to pensiue, & troubled personnes to cause myrth.
Diamorō.: A confection made of mulberies.
Diapōfilicos.: Diapompholix is the oyntmente made of tutia. Resort to tutia.
Diarodō.: A confection made of roses.
Diacartamus.: Diacartamus is a confection made of garden saffrā.
Diametre.: Diametros is a right line equallye cuttynge a figure, where it is longest.
Didimi.: Didimi ben y^e two stones. Howbe∣it Mūdyne, & vigō vse this worde for y^e two skinnes, which couer y^e stones.
Dictamnus.: The true dictamnus groweth on∣lye in Candie. Howbeit practisians haue founde profite in our ditany and therfore it is to be vsed.
Dilatation.: Dilatation is enlargynge.
Diuretike.: Diuretike prouokynge vrine, or y^t hath vertue to prouoke vrine
Doronici.: Doronici are litle rootes of sweete rellise, like vnto calamus aromaticus & they are brought frō the east partes.

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Dragagantū.: Tragacātha is a brode, & a woddie rote appearing aboue y^e erth, wherout many low braūches spring, spreading thēselues al about. There cleaueth to this rote, a gūmie liquour of a bryght colour, & sōwhat swete in tast, whych they cal comunely dragagantū.
Dregge.: Leonardus Fuchsius thynketh y^e tragea cometh of tragemata, whyche signifieth ionkets, or dilicate meates vsed in the ende of dinner, or supper.
Dysuria.: Dysuria is difficultie of pyssinge.
Embroke.: EMbroche cometh of embro∣cho, whyche signifieth to rayne. And it is an embroca¦tiō when we droppe downe liquor from an higher place, vpō some parte of the body, as vpon the heade.
Elaterium.: Elateriū is y^e iuce of a wild cocōber.
Elebore.: There ben two kindes of elleborus, namely whyte, and blacke. The white hath leaues like plātayn, but shorter, & blacker. The blacke hath leues lyke y^e leaues of y^e plane tre sōwhat lesse iag∣ged about. The rotes therof ben smal thyn, & blacke, which are vsed in medi∣cines to purge melancholye.
Electuariū: de daclilis is an electu∣arie of dates.
Eliuation.: Eleuare signifieth to lyft vp, eleua∣tion when a thinge is raysed vp.
Eminences.: Eminētia is whē a thing stādeth out.
Emūctories.: Emūctoria ben the clensyng places, as the flanckes, the armeholes, &c.
Emborisma.: Emborisma is a swelling, whyche cometh of a woūde of an arterie, whē y^e flesh leanynge vpō y^e arterie, cometh to a cicatrice, but y^e vlcer of y^e arterie is nether growē together, nether hath re¦ceyued a cicatrice, nor is stopped wyth fleshe.
Epiglottis,: Epiglottis is a lytle peece of flesh, which cometh frō y^e rote of y^e tong, & co¦uereth y^e toppe of y^e pipe, or wesaunde.
Epilepsia.: Epilepsia is the disease comunelye called the fallynge sycknes.
Epithema.: Epithema cometh of epitheo, which signifieth to lay on. And it is made of stilled liquours, & other simples lay∣ed vpon a place wyth wete cloutes.
Epithymum.: Some say y^t epithymū groweth w^t¦out a rote, and hath as it were thinne heeres wonde together like a botome. The floures therof bene verye small whyte, & lyke y^e floures of thyme. Mu¦fa sayth y^t, epithymum is as it were redde heeres growyng about cetayne herbes.
Eradicatiue.: That is eradicatiue that hathe po∣wer to rote out.
Erectum: is raysed vp.
Eryngium.: They comunelye take erynglum for Scholme, whyche is an herbe ha∣uynge pryckes lyke a thystel, and roo∣tes swetyshe in taste, and groweth by the sea syde.
Eschare.: Eschara is the hardnes, or cruste y^t remayneth after the burnynge of a wounde, or vlcer.
Essare.: Essere, or essare ben called of Pau∣lus Aegineta epenyctides, bycause these lytle redde pushes breake out in the nyghte season.
Estiomenos.: Estiomenos is an eatyng sore. For esthiomai in greke signifieth to eate Vigon

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Exmoline.: Ermolinus is an herbe, wherof I haue founde nothynge wryttē. How∣be it y^e apothecaries affirme that they haue it.
Expulsiue.: Expulsiue is hauyng vertue to dry out.
Eufrage.: Eufragia hath a lytle leafe iagged about, and a yelow floure, and bicause it is a singuler remedie for the eyes, it is called in greke ophthalmica.
Euforbiū.: Euphorbium is a liquoure of a tree growing in Aphrica of vehemē heat.
Excoriation.: Excoriation is when the skynne is chafed awaye.
Excresences,: outgrowynges.
Exiturae,: outbreakynges, outgo∣ynges.
Exciccation,: dryenge.
Extirpation.: Extirpation is when a thynge is plucked vp by the roote.
Eupatorium.: Leonicenus thynketh eupatoriū to be agrimonie. It hath one onely stalke woodye blackyshe, streyght, thynne, roughe. The leaues bene lyke sincke∣foile, or hempe leaues, and it hath his name of kyng Eupator.
Fanus.: FAuus signifieth an ho∣nye combe, and some tymes it is vsed for a swellynge, whych hath holes in y^e skyn, wher∣out there is strayned a grosse humoure lyke honye. In greke it is called cerion.
Filius ante patrem.: Filius ante patrem is an herbe ha∣uynge tustes, or heades from whyche other braunches sprynge, bearynge tuftes also. And therfore it is called fi∣lius ante patrem, that is, the sōne be∣fore the father, or impia that is wyc∣ked. Thys herbe is good for y^e quynce.
Fistula.: Fistula is an hollowe sore, and it is so called bycause it hath an holownes lyke a pype. For the same cause the gre¦cians haue named it Syrynges
flebotomye.: Phlebotomie signifieth the cutting of a veyne, or phleps is a veyne, & tho∣mos signifieth cutting, or a cut of tem¦no to cut.
Flammula.: Flammula is spereworte.
Focilia.: Focilia, the two bones from the el∣bowe to the hande, and also the two bones of the legges are called focilia.
Fomentation.: Fomentum cometh a foueo to che∣ryshe bycause it cherysheth wyth hys heate the partes of the bodye, where∣unto it is applyed. For it is called a fo¦mentation, when liquor is laied vpon a membre wyth a sponge, or cloutes.
Formica.: Formica is a litle excrescence, or out growynge in the skynne, somewhat brode aboute the botome, whych whē it is scratched causeth as it were the styngynge of an aunt, or pismare, and therfore it is also called in greke myr∣mecia.
Fragmentes.: Fragmentes are lytle peeces.
Fractures.: Fractures are breakynges.
Froncles.: Fornuculus is a swellyng engēde∣red of grosse humours, & for the moost parte it appeareth in fleshye places. Whan it is gathered in the skin only, it is gentle, but when it cometh from

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Fumes.: Fumes, is smokes, or vapours.
Furcula.: Furcula is called of better latine mē¦iugulus, or clauicula, & it is y^e higher part of thorax. I cal thorax that space whyche is compassed on bothe the sy∣des wyth rybbes. And the nether part of thorax is called septum transuersū. In englyshe iugulus is called the ca∣nel bone.
Galbane.: GAlbanum is the liquoure of a tre in Syria, whiche they call Metopium. It is coun¦terfayted with rasine, and ammoniake.
Gallitricum.: Hermā erle of Nuenar wryteth thus of Callitrichon. Dioscorides (saieth he) vnder y^e name of Adianthō, descri∣beth an herbe, whych is called of some capillus Veneris of some callitrichō (in englyshe we call it maydenheere) There is another kynde, which is cal∣led polytrichon, and they growe both in weete stones, and in pyttes. Some call polytrichon Saxifrage, & it hathe rounde leaues, and broder then calli∣trichon. wherfore the later wryters erre shamefully, thynkyng callitrichō or (as they corruptly pronoūce it) gal∣litrichū to be an herbe of y^e gardē with greate leaues called clarie, but trew callitrichō is capillus veneris, or mai¦denheere. Callitrichon signifieth in greke fayreheered, polytrichon muche heered.
Gallia muscata.: Gallia muscata is a cōfection made of vnrype dates, or the ryndes of pom¦granades and muske. It cōforteth the stomake, and the lyuer, and restray∣neth vomitynge, when it cometh of a moyste cause, Nicolas sayth that it is made of mastike, cāphore, cynomome, cloues, nutmigges, rose water, and muske.
Gargarisme.: A gargarisme is whē we cause wa∣ter to bubble in our throtes, not suffe∣rynge it to go downe.
Gariofilata.: Some take gariofilata for Auens, some for gyllofers.
Glandules.: Glandulae ben kernels.
Gentiane.: Gentiana hath his name of Gētis the kynge of Illyrie, whyche founde thys herbe fyrst, as some thinke. Ihon Agrigola sayeth, that a certayne olde phisitiō, affirmed vnto hym, y^t if a mā did eate fastinge euery day a lytle of y^e rote of thys herbe, it wolde preserue helth, and kepe the senses vnhurte.
Gramen.: Gramen called in greke agrostis is an herbe hauynge braunches full of knottes, or ioynctes, which crepe by y^e ground, & rote thēselues. The leaues of it ben sharpe, harde, and brode.
Gumme elemi.: Gummi elemi is the gumme or li∣quore of the olyue tre of Aethiopia for Elea in Arabik signifieth an oliue tre.
Gypsū.: Gypsū is of the nature of chaulke & there ben many kindes of it, as Plinie saith, which it wold be to lōge to recit.
Gyrus solis.: Gyrus solis signifieth y^e cōpassyng of y^e sūne, & they so cal y^e herbe heliotropi∣on, bicause his leaues turne w^t y^e decli∣nation of y^e sūne. Reade y^e next worde.
Heliotropion.: HEliotropion is so called bi∣cause it turneth about w^t y^e sūne. And though ther ben many herbes that turne a∣bout w^t the sūne, yet Dioscorides ma∣keth two kyndes therof. The fyrste he calleth y^e greater, & it hath leaues lyke basille, but y^t they bene whyter & grea∣ter,

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Herbe saynt marie.: Vigon vseth Herbe saynt marie for persicaria, which is thought to be ars∣smerte.
Herisipelas: Herisipelas is a swellyng of hote boylynge, and thynne bloode. Or it is a fluxe mengled wyth bloode, and ye∣lowe cholere, beynge hoter than they shulde be. It is called in latine ignis persicus, thoughe Vigon make a dif∣ference of them.
Herpes.: Herpes cometh of herpein whyche signifieth to crepe, and it is apassion engendred of pure yelowe cholere, w^t¦out y^e admixtion of any other humour. If the substaūce be grosse, and aygre, it vlcereth the skynne vnto the fleshe, & is called herpes esthiomenos, that is eatynge or gnawynge herpes. But yf it be thynne, and lesse aygre, it ray∣seth vp lytle pustles lyke the grayne called milium, and therfore it is called miliaris herpes.
Hermodactyle.: Hermodactylus is called of some a wilde lillie. It hath a whyte flour fa∣shioned lyke the floure of saffran, and a round rote, lyke an oynyon. And the sayd roote purgeth fleume, and ther∣fore is good forgoutes.
Humectatiue.: Humectatiue, moystynge.
Humiditie.: Humiditie, moysture.
Hydromel.: Hydromel is methe made of water, and honye.
Hyemal.: Hyemal is that, that pertayneth to winter, hymen is a thinne skynne, in maydens, and a token of their vir∣nitie. For it is broken in a woman de∣floured.
Hypericon.: Hypericon, saynt Iohns worte.
Impetigo.: IMpetigo is a deformitie of the skinne, whych may lyghtly grow to a leprie. There is another defor∣mitie of the skinne called vitiligo, wherof ther ben two kyndes. One is called leuce, that is whyte, and it is nothing els, but the chaungyng of the skynne to whytenes beyng engendred of slymie fleame. This disease somtymes perceth, and rooteth it selfe so depe in y^e bodye that hore heares growe out of it. Some calle it Albaras. The other is engen∣dred as the former, but it perceth not occupiyng onely the ouer parte of the skynne, lyke skales whyte and blacke. Aui. calleth this euel the morpheu.
Iamenum.: Resorte to Alume.
Impregnatio.: Impregnatio is whan a woman is gotten with chylde.
Ignis persicus.: Ignis persicus resorte to Herisip••¦las.
Inanition.: Inanition, emptiyng.
Incision.: Incision, cuttyng.
Induration.: Induration, hardenyng.
Iera.: Hiera picra Galeni is a verye good medicine to purge grosse, and shinyng mattier. It is made of cynamome, ma¦styke, aloes, casia. &c. hiera in greke si∣gnifieth hollye, and picra bytter.
Incarne.

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Inflatus.: Puffed vp, swellyng.
Infusion.: Infusion, liquoure wherein some thynge a certayne time is steped, with out seethynge, is called of the Apothe¦caries, infusio, other cal it dilutum.
Insensible.: Insensible, that feeleth not, or that is not felte.
Inspiration.: Inspiration is whan a mā breatheth in, or draweth in hys wynde. Respira∣tion, when he sendeth it out.
Isopus humida.: Isopus humida shulde be thus wry∣ten, oesypus, & it is fatte gathered out of vnwashed woulle. Here I admo∣nyshe the, good reader, that where as thou shalt fynde in a receit these wor∣des (of the fatte of Galenes cerote cal∣led Isope) it oughte to be thus redde, of Galenes cerote of fat called Isope, or of Galenes cerote of Isope.
Ireos.: The Apothecaries vse the genitiue case for the nominatiue. Iris is the roote of the flouredeluyce, when it is put in receites.
Iua.: Iua muscata is thought to be a kinde of chamaepitys. Loke for chamepitys. The Germaines calle Iua or Ibiga vergessemeinit, y^t is forgette me not.
Iuleb.: Iuleb is made of ••u••ed waters, or of iuyces and sug••••.
Iuiubae.: Iuiubae are frutes, whiche the lati∣nes calle zizipha. Howbeit Bras••••ol{us} saieth that they 〈◊〉〈◊〉 rather thā frutes. The phisicions vse them in de∣coctions for the breste.
Lacea.: LAcha is a gumme or li∣quor of a tree in Arabie, hauing a pleasaunt odour some calle it cancamum.
Lacertes.: Braunie synnowes.
Lanciola.: Vigo sayeth that Lanciola is hote and drye in the fourth degre, & therfore I thinke he meaneth speare worte Lā∣ciolata signifieth the lesse plantaine.
Lapis lazuli.: Is a stone of blewe colour, whiche as Dioscorides sayeth, is digged out of brasse mynes in Cypres. The french men calle it pierre dazur, that is the stone of azure.
Laudanum.: Resorte to Hypoquystidos.
Lethargus.: Letharg{us} is a disease which bring∣eth a merueilouse necessitye of sleeping and forgetfulnes of al thynges, Lethe in Greke signifieth forgetfulnes, ar∣gia, ydlenes, slouthfulnes.
Leuitiue.: That, that soupleth is called lenitiue
Ligamentes.: Ligamenta come of ligando, whiche signifieth to bynde.
Lingua passerina.: Lingua passerina is the female of wylde tasell. Peruse Vigon in virga pastoris.
Lignum aloes.: Lignum aloes otherwise called agal lochon is a wood brought out of In∣dia, and Arabia, spottie, of stronge sa¦uoure, and somewhat bytter in taste.
Liniment.: Liniment is an oyntmēt, linire sig¦nifieth to smere, to annoynte.

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Litarge.: Litargyrion, spuma argenti, that is to saye the fome of syluer, is made partlye of burnte syluer, and partly of burnt leade. That whych is of yelow coloure is called litargyrion auri, li∣targe of golde.
Local.: They cal that local, that perteyneth to a place, that muste be applyed vpon some outwarde parte of the bodye.
Loch.: Loch is vsed for an electuarie in a liquide fourme wyth some slymines, that it may tariesome whyle, before it synke in to the stomake.
Lotions.: Lotions, washynges.
Lunaria.: The dutch men cal lunaria moone-kraute, that is moone worte, bycause the leafe therof resembleth the halfe moone. Some thynke it to be a kynde of nyghtshade, as we haue shewed in Manicon.
Lupines.: Lupinus is a kynde of pulse, sōwhat bytter excepte it be steeped in water. The floure of lupines hathe vertue to discusse, to drye, to open. &c.
Lutum sapientiae.: Lutū sapientiae is made of wheate floure, and moyste paper small toosed, and wyth the whytes of egges bea∣ten.
Licium.: Licium is a tree ful of pryckes, and it beareth frute, lyke pepper, of blacke coloure, and bytter in taste. A iuyce is gathered out of the rootes stamped wyth y^e other partes of the tre, which is much vsed in confections.
Maculae.: MMaculae ben, whē throughe a strype bloode is gathered betwene the skynnes of the eye, litle spottes appearing in the outwarde parte.
Malaxe.: Malasso in greke signifieth to sof∣ten, to mollifie.
Malabathrū.: There bene two kindes of malaba∣thrum. One is the leafe of a tree, in Siria, whereout an oyle is strayned. The other swymmethe vppon marys∣shes in India, without a roote. The apothecaries calle malabathrum, fo∣lium Indie.
Malum mule.: I thynke that malum mule, is the kybe, called in greke cheimallon, by¦cause it commeth in the wynter.
Manicon.: There bene foure kyndes of nyght∣shade. The fyrst groweth in gardens, and is called morrell. The seconde is that, that is called Alkakengi. The thyrde is called lunaria. The fourthe manicon, bycause it bryngeth madde∣nes. For mania in greke, is madnes.
Malignitie.: Though malignus be properlye il∣liberall, yet they take it comunelye for wycked, mischeuous, &c.
Manna.: Manna is a dewe thicked, and fal∣lynge in certayne places vpon trees, & so gathered, and vsed for purgations. It is brought from the mount libane. Some cal it mel aerium that is honye of the ayre.
Maturatiue.: That, that hathe strength to rype is called in latine maturatiuum.
Maturation.: Maturation, rypynge.
Mesenterion.: That parte, whych is sette in the myddeste of the entrayles, and is tied to the backe, is called Mesenterion, or Mesaraeon. To whych mesareon, ther descende veynes from the gate of the lyuer, whyche veynes the lyuer vseth

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Mediastine.: From the skynne that gyrdeth, and enuironeth y^e ribbes, there growe out two thinne skinnes, one frō the right, and the other frō the lyfte syde, which as it were make an hedge and deuide the middle of the bodye. And thys is it, that they cal Mediastinum.
Marchasita.: Marchasita is a stone wherwyth brasse is tryed out. It is lyke brasse, & whē it is strycken, sparkes of fyre flye out, & therfore it is called, pyrites in greke. For pyr signifieth fyre. Thys stone hath vertue to scour awaye such thinges, as darken the syght.
Merdasengi.: Merdasengi is vsed for litarge, or burnte leade, resorte to lithargyrion.
Minerals: are thynges digged out of mynes.
Memithe.: Some thynketh y^t memithe is the iuyce of y^e great salendine, or celidony. But Leo. Fuchsius, & other lerned mē affirme, y^t they are deceiued, & say that it is rather glauciū. which (as Diosco¦rides) sayeth is the iuyce of an herbe growynge about the citie hierapolis in Syria, hauynge leaues lyke vnto poppie, and a iuyce of yelowe coloure, which cooleth, and is ministred in me, dicines for the eyes.
Melissa.: Melissa in greke signifieth a bee. It is taken for an herbe, wherein the bees delite. Some call it baume.
Mercurie.: Mercurie is vsed somtyme for an herbe of that name, and somtimes for quyckesyluer.
Miliū solis.: Lithospermon (for it is iudged to be milium solis) hath leaues like oliue leaues, but they bene longer and bro∣der. The braūches ben streyght, smal, and woody. The seedes are smal, and stonie, and beynge dronken w^t whyte wyne, they breake the stone.
Milium.: Milium is a kind of corne. It hath vertue to coole, and to drye, & to make thynne, as some thynke.
Minium.: Dioscorides sayth that minium is made in Spayne of a certayne stone mengled wyth syluersande. The payn¦ters call vermillon, whych is made of brimstone, and quyckesyluer minium, whiche is in dede cenabriū, or cinober. Vigon sayth that it is made of cerusse through burnynge. Antonius Musa sayeth that in the veynes of quycksyl∣uer there is dygged out a clotte of red coloure, whych hath redde dust about it, & y^t duste is minium, after the sayde auctours opinion.
Minoratiue.: That y^e diminisheth or maketh lesse they call minoratiuū.
Mirtilles.: The seedes of myrte are comunelye called myrtilli. Howebeit Iohn Vigō often tymes byddeth to take the lea∣ues, and graynes of myrtilles, vsyng myrtilles, for myrte.
Mirach.: Vnder the vpper skynne of the bel∣lie there is another skynne, whych the Arabians call Myrach, the latine ab∣domen, and sumen, the grecians epi∣gastrion. After the muscles of My∣rach whyche are eyght in nūber, there appeareth a thynne skynne, much like the webbes of spyders, and it is called in Arabike Siphac, in greke peritone∣on. And when Siphac is remoued, the caule appeareth comunelye called zirbus in latine omentum, in Greke epiploon.
Mitigation.: Mitigation, swagynge.

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Miuam.: The Apothecaries saye that Miua is a confection made wyth the iuyce of peares, quynces, &c. to conforte the stomake.
Mollificatiue.: Hauynge vertue to soften.
Mordication.: Bytynge.
Muscilage.: They calle Muscilaginē the flymie sappe of the rootes of Holyhock of the seedes of quynces. &c.
Mundificatiue.: Hauynge vertue to clense.
Mumia.: Iohan Vigo in hys symples recy∣teth the comune opinion of Mumia. Howebeit other lerned men thynke it to be Pisasphalton. Whyche name sygnifiethe a thynge compounde of pytche, and the Iues lyme. Dioscori∣des saythe, that by the violence of streames it is brought frome the mountaynes Cerauntes, and is caste out about Apolonia, in Epeiro (whi∣che is a countre ouer agaynst Italie) beyng congeled together lyke clottes, hauynge the odour of pytche, mēgled wyth bitumen, whyche is a kynde of lyme foūde about those places, where Gomorra, and Sodome stode.
Myrobalanes.: Myrobalani, are excellent frutes whyche are brought vnto vs, oute of Egypte and Syria. There ben fyue kyndes of them. One is called Citri∣num or yelowe, bycause of hys yelow colour, whyche hath a thycke skynne and a lytle kernel. Another is called Indum bycause of hys blacke colour, and it is lyke an olyue wythout ker∣nelles. The thyrd kynde is called Ce∣pulum, and it is greater, and heuier than the other, of a duskysche redde colour. The fourthe is Embeliticum, or Emblicum lyke a lytle stone of the coloure of asches. The fyfthe is Be∣letzicum, or Belliricum, whyche is rounde lyke a pere. The yelowe pur∣geth yelowe cholere, the blacke Me∣lancholie, Cepulū purgeth fleame. &c.
Nenufar.: NEnufar otherewyse called Nymphaea gro¦weth in pondes, and lyeth vpon the wa∣ter wyth brode and thycke leaues, and a whyte or yelowe floure of a pleasaūte odour. The flou∣res are vsed in medicynes chyefelye, and they haue great vertue to koole. The Germayne call thys herbe seeh∣bloume, that is the floure of the lake.
Nigella.: Nigella groweth in hedges, and medowes, hauyng leaues lyke groūd swell, sauynge that they ben thynner. In the toppe it hathe an heade lyke Poppie, wherin there is a blacke seede enclosed, whiche they dydde put in breade in olde tyme. The Grecians calle it Mecona agrion, that is wylde poppie.
Nitrum.: Salte petre.
Nodus mellinus.: Resorte to fauus.
Nuke.: Sometymes they calle the marye of the backe bone Nucham, and some tymes they vse it for the nape of the necke.
Nutritiue.: Hauynge power to nourysche.
ODoriferous.: That, that hathe a pleasaunte sente is called in latine Odoriferū.
Olibanum.: A kynde of frankencense.

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Omphacine.: Omphax in Greke is an vnrype grape, Vigo calleth oyle omphacyne, that oyle that is made of vnrype oly∣ues.
Oppilation.: Stoppynge.
Opoponax.: Opoponax is a bytter iuyce of an herbe called Panaces, and it cometh out of Syria, and Arcadia.
Optyke.: The two synnowes whych bryng the vertue of seynge to the eyes ben called Optici, of Optomay whyche sygnifieth to see.
Orobus.: Orobus hath a lytle stalke, & nar∣rowe leaues, and lytle seedes, whyche are enclosed in coddes, and of those seedes, there is made a medicinall floure, or meale.
Ospectinis.: Resorte to pecten.
Obthalmia.: Ophthalmia is an inflammatiō of the skynne of the eye called coniuncti∣ua. Ophthalmos in greke, sygnifyeth an eye. The barborouse writters leue out the aspiration or lettres h h, and turne P, into B.
Opium.: Opium is the iuyce or lyquor of blacke poppie.
Oppositum.: Sette ouergaynst.
Ordeolum.: Ordeolum is a lytle Aposteme a∣boute the bryncle of the eye lyddes, and it is so called, bycause it is lyke a barley corne.
Osseum.: The purse of the stones is called Oscheon in Greke, whereof the bar∣barous wrytters haue made Osseum, leauynge out the aspiration that is to saye H. and turnynge the lettre C, in to S.
Ossa Sisamina.: Looke in Sisamina.
Os laudae.: They calle the bone of the hyndre part of the heade, whyche resembleth this greke lettre Λ Os laude, or barba¦rously, laude, for so the lettre is called in greke. Looke in Pericranium.
Oximell.: Oxymel is made of vinaygre, and honye.
Oxirundinum.: I thynke that they wolde saye oxi∣rodion, or Oxyrodinon, whyche is made of vynaygre, and rooses.
Oxicroceum.: Oxicroceum is made of vynaygre, and Saffran.
Oxisacharum.: Oxisachar is made of suggre, and vynaygre.
Palea marina.: PAlea marina sygni∣fieth the chaffe of the sea, whereof I haue found nothyng in any auctour. Musa saythe that some Apotheca∣ries in steede of a sponge vse a thynge that is woullie wythin, whyche they thynke to be spuma maris, that is y^e fome of the saye. The Apothecaries haue also certayne thynges, whyche they call balles of y^e sea, & are made of the fome of the sea beaten agaynst the rockes, and banckes, & are verye small as it were strawes. One of these two Vigo meaneth by chaffe of the sea, as I suppose.
Palliatiue.: A cure palliatiue is, when a disease is cloked for a ceason, not perfytlye healed.
Panaritium.

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Pani.: Vigo vseth these two wordes Pa∣ni, and cicatrices for one thynge. Cica∣trices in the eyes are of two kyndes, that whych is in the ouermoste parte of the eye is called in Latyne Tenuis albugo, in Greke Nephelion a lytle cloude. That whych rooteth more de∣pely is called, crassa albugo. Thys e∣uyl is called (as I suppose) in englysh a webbe.
Panum.: Panum (as Celsus sayeth) is the swellynge of a kernell, not hyghe, but brode, where in there is a thynge lyke a pushe, hauynge the semblaunce of breade, wherof it hath thys name.
Pannicle.: Pannicle, a skynne, or ryme.
Panis porcinus.: Panis porcinus soūdeth worde for worde swynes breade, and it is so cal∣led bycause swyne delite in this herbe Loke in Ciclaminus.
Papirus.: Papirus is a kynde of a rushe gro∣wynge in maryshe places of Egipte.
Parietaria.: Parietaria, hath hys name of that, that it groweth about walles. For pa¦ries sygnifyeth a wal. The dutche mē call it saynt Peters crute, y^t is saynt Peters worte, & dach and ••acht that is daye, and nyght.
Paroxismus.: Paroxismos is the accesse, inuasi∣on, and fyrst cōmynge of a fieuer. It is deryued of paroxyno whych in Greke sygnifieth to sharpen, to styrre vp. &c.
Parorides.: Parotides, ben apostemes aboute the eares. Para in Greke sygnifyeth nygh, and ous, otos an eare.
Penidie.: Penidie are made of the Apotheca∣ries wyth suggre wrethen lyke ropes.
Paucedinis.: I thynke that they haue corrupte y^e worde and shulde saye Peucedanum, whych hath a stalke lyke fenell, a ye∣lowe floure, and a blacke roote full of liquor. Some call it feniculum porci∣num that is swynes fenell. There is a iuyce gathered out of the tēder rootes thereof, beynge cutte wyth a knyfe, whych is good for paynes of y^e heade, and for the fallynge sycknesse. &c. The Apothecaries are wonte to shewe a whytyshe roote called of them Meon, or men, for that, that Vigon calleth pauce.
Pecten.: Pecten is vsed of Vigon, for y^e bone ouer the priuie membres.
Pectorall.: Pectorall, Pertaynyng to the brest.
Pericranium.: Bycause that Vigon speaketh ob∣scurelye aboute the Anatomie of the heade we thought good here to adde somewhat. The skynne that lyeth vn∣der the fyrste skynne of the heade, and compasseth aboute the sculle, is called pericranium. For peri in greke sygni∣fyeth aboute, & cranion a scull. There ben thre seames, or cōmyssures in the heade. Wherof two ben ouerthwart, of whych one is in the foreparte of the heade called Stephanea, or corona∣lis, the other is in the hynder parte of the heade, and is called lambdoides, bycause it is lyke thys lettre, Λ called lambda in greke. The thyrde is stret∣ched frō y^e myddel of the hynder, vnto the myddell of the former, and is cal∣led in greke Obeliaea, in latyne sagit∣tallis. The fygure of these seames re∣presenteth thys letter Η. The bones, whyche ben sette at the eares on both sydes, bene called Petrosa, in Greke

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...
lithoeide, bycause they bene lyke stoo∣nes. About the temples there are two seames called in greke lepidoeides, y^t is lyke scales. Whan the brayne pan is remoued, there appere two rymes, or thynne skynnes, called in greke me¦ninges. The more outwarde of these two is grosser, & defendeth the brayn that it be not hurte agaynst the sculle. & it is called dura mater. This rime is bored thorough aboute the bones, called in greke Ethmoeide, for that, that they ben perced lyke a strayner, or syffe, and spongreide, bycause they ben ful of bones lyke a sponge, Vigo calleth them Basilaria. The inner ryme ioyned euen vnto the brayne is thynner, and weaker than the other, and it is lyke the skynne wherwith a chylde is wrapped, in the moothers woumbe, and therefore the grecians calle it Choroeide, In latine it is cal∣led tenuis membrana, and pia mater. The brayne it selfe is deuided into .ii. partes, the former and the hynder. The former is greater, & softer than the hinder, and is deuided of dura ma¦ter. The hinder brayne lyeth to the other, and therfore the egiptians call it Paregcephalida, the latynes, by∣cause it is lesse than the other, haue na¦med it cerebellum. The two ventri∣cles of the former brayne labour out, and finishe the animalle spirite, and sende it in to the hindre brain to cause remembrance. Wherfore it was nede full that a passage shulde be from thē vnto the hynder brayne, some cal this passage, the common sense, some the third ventricle. There leneth one this passage of the brayne, a lytle particle or piece after the manner of a vaulte, bounchy without, and hollowe with in, that there may be free space to mo¦tion and mouynge. The bodye or sub¦stance that adioyneth to this passage, where the sayde passage hath his be∣gynnyng, is called conarion in greke, bycause it resembleth a pyne apple na¦med conos. There lye aboute in the sydes of the sayde myddle passage, rounde bodies or substaunces, called in greke, Gloutia, bycause they bene lyke the buttockes of a man, some ly∣ken them to the stones.

But ther lieth ouer the passage of the brayne a particle, which obteyneth a circumscription lyke vnto a woorme engendred in wood. And therfore the Anatomistes calle that bodye or sub∣stance, that couereth the hole passage, Excrescentiam vermicularem, that is the worme out growyng. There pro¦cede oute of the myddle ventricle, or chamber, two as it were condute py∣pes, deriuyng superfluyties vnto the roofe of the mouth, and cummyng to an hole, called infundibulum that is a tunnelle, bycause it is large aboue, & strayt beneth. There ben seuen payre of synnowes, whiche growe from the brayne. The fyrste .ii. pertayne to the eyes, and gyue them facultie of seyng, these are holowe, and softer than o∣ther synnowes, and they ioyne them selues togyther, & agayne before they enter into the eyes, they are deuyded, representynge this greke letter. Υ. The other payres are declared in Vi∣go. Finally rhete mirabile, or the mer¦ueylouse nette, is made of these arte∣ries, which come into the head wher∣as they, passyng ouer the scul, meete at the fundation of the brayne. For there, nature hathe prepared for this nette, as it were a chambre, beyng en¦uyroned with the hard ryme dura ma¦ter. Into whiche place not a lytle por¦tion cōmeth of the arteries called ca∣rotides, or head arteries, whiche ar∣teries afterwarde ben dyuided in to a plētuous generation, and so by those goyng as it were lattese wyse, a form of a nette is fasshoned.

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The herte.: The hert on both sydes, aboute the fundament of it, hath (as it were) eares. The ryght eare with a notable braunche is ioyned vnto the hollowe veyne, and vnto the ryght vētricle of the herte. The left eare is ioyned to y^e mouth of the veynie arterie (called ve nosa arteria) and to the left ventricle of the hert. For the hert hath two ven¦tricles, or chābres aryght, and a lefte chambre, and they bene deuyded, and parted atweine, through which perti¦tion there ben holes, by which, blood is conueyed into the left ventricle. In eche of the ventricles, there are two vessels. For a noble veyne entreth in∣to the ryght ventricle, which bringeth blood from the lyuer, and distributeth it to all the veynes within, & without the hert. And there cōmeth out of the same ventricle, an arterious veyne, which caryeth blood to the longes. It is called arteriosa vena, bycause that in respect of his vse, it is a veine, but in respecte of his two tunicles, or skynnes, it is an arterie. A veynye arterie is planted in the left ventricle, which bryngeth ayre from the lōges to the herte. And it is called venosa arteria, bycause that yf ye regard his vse, it is an arterie, but yf ye regarde his tunicle or skynne which is syngle, and one onely, it is a veyne. The grea¦test arterie of all, called aorta, y^e heed spryng of all other, issueth out of this ventricle, whereof one parte goeth to the canell bone, and the other is wry∣thed to the backe bone.
The liuer.: The liuer for the most parte, is deuyded into fyue lappes, called lobi. Howebeit in some it hath but two, in some foure, in some none, but is al to∣gyther round. From the hollow parte of the greater lappe, a lytle pype deri∣ueth cholere, to a bladder, called cistis cholidochos, whiche hangeth by the sayde lappes. From the bunchie part of the liuer, there issueth the greatest veyne of all the body, and it is called the hollowe veyne.
The stomake.: The inner skynne of the stomak being thynne, hath streygth filmes, y^e outwarde whiche is grosser, hathe o∣uerthwart filmes. Fyrst, than the sto∣make draweth meate, stretchyng out the streyght fylmes. Secondlye it re∣tayneth, and embraceth the meate be-being drawē in with the ouertwhart fylmes. And it retayneth the meate so longe, tyll by the alteratiue power it is turned into good iuyce. Thā the stomake reserueth the beste for hys owne noryshment, & dryueth downe the rest vnto the guttes, and frō thēce that, that is best is returned to the li∣uer, by the veynes called meseraicae. Howbeit that the lyuer shulde not ta¦rye to longe for hys meate, the sto∣make sendeth vnto hym in the meane season, by lytle short veynes whyche growe to the lyuer, and to the sto∣make the fyneste, and purest parte of his prepared iuce.
Pessarie.: Pessus is woll toosed, and made rounde after the fassyon of a fynger, wherewith medicines are receyued, and conueyed into the matrice.
Phlegmon.: Phlegmone besyde boylyng heate, sygnifyeth a paynefull, redde, & harde swellynge.
Petrolium.: Petroliū is vsed for naphtha, which droppeth out, of a babilonyke lyme, & hath power to drawe fyre vnto hym,

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Pilosella.: Pilosella is founde in no lerned au∣ctour. Howbeit the later wryters de∣scrybe it to be an herbe, that groweth in stonie and drye places, with a red floure, and with leaues spredde vpon the grounde, in which leaues ther bē as it were heeres, and therfore they haue barbarously called it pilosella, of pilus an heere. The description a∣greeth w^t mouseeare, sauīg in y^e flour It is Englysshed in an olde wrytten boke, hertwort. Where this herbe is not found, some thinke it good to vse mouseeare.
Philomū.: Philomū is a confection so cal∣led of Philon the inuentoure of it, or as some saye, of philos, which sygni∣fyeth a frende, bycause it is frendlye to hym that receyueth it.
Policariam.: The auctour of the pādectes sayth that they vse policaria for conyza, which is that, that the latines cal pu¦licaris, which may be called fleiwort For pulex signifieth a fley. Ieronim{us} Trag{us} thynketh that one kynde of pu¦licaris is arsmerte. This herbe dry∣ueth awaye fleys.
Polium montanū: Poliū montanū is a lytle shrubbe, of whyte colour an handfull hyghe, full of seede. In the top it hath a lytle heed lyke the hoore heeres of a man, smellynge strongly wyth some plea∣sauntnesse.
Polypodie.: Some call polipodiū oke ferne. It draweth out fleame, and cholere, but chefely melancholye.
Pori vritides.: Vreteres ben passages, by whyche brine sondred from blood, is cōueyed to the bladder.
Psidia.: They vse psidia for sydia, whiche signifyeth the ryndes of a pomegra∣nade.
Psillium.: Psillium hath his name of psille, which signifyeth a fley. For the seede of this herbe is like a fley, and is vsed in medicines to coole. The latines al∣so call this herbe pulicaris of fleys. It groweth nygh the see, and also in other vntylled, and baren places.
Pthisis.: Phthisis in Greke signifyeth wa∣styng, a consumynge sycknesse, a con∣sumption as we call it.
Pulsatiue.: Pulsatiue. Beatynge.
Pruna.: Pruna: a fyrye coole. Resort to an∣thrax.
Pustles.: There ben two kyndes of pustles, or pusches. For some pusches are hygh, some brode. The hygher are en¦gendred of hote, and subtyle humou∣res, and cause ytchyng, and are called of some morbilli. The brode ar lower and come of grosse, and cold humou∣res, neither cause ytchynge, and bene called variolae of barbarous wryters.
Putrefactiue.: That, that hath power to rotte is called putrefactiuum.
Pyretrum.: Pyrethron is called in latyn herba fauliaris, bycause it prouoketh spet∣tel merueilously, it groweth in y^e moū¦taynes of Italye called Alpes. How∣beit, that, y^t commeth out of grecelāde is hoote. It hath his name of fyrye heate. For pyr in greke signifyeth fyre And our worde fyre is borowed of y^e grecians, by addition of this lettre H, as the custome of the hyghe Almay∣nes is, whose speache we vse, & make of pyr, phyr. whereunto we haue put of our owne, letter E, and pronounce

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Rasceta.: RAsceta: the barbarous doctours call y^e wrest of the hande, vnto the knoccles, Rascetam.
Radicall.: Radical, belongyng to the roote.
Realgar.: Realgar is made of brymstone, vn¦sleked lyme, and orpigment. It kyl∣leth rattes.
Refrigeration.: Refrigeration: coolynge.
Repletion.: Repletion: fyllyng.
Restauration.: Restauration: renuynge, repay∣ryng, restorynge.
Repercussiue.: Repercussiue: that, that hath po¦wer to dryue backe.
Resolutiue.: Resolutiue: loosynge.
Retentiue.: Retentiue: retaynyng, holdynge backe.
Ribes.: Serapion sayeth, that ribes is a plante, hauyng great, and grene lea∣ues, redde clusters of swete taste. Io. Agricola sayeth, that for Ribes, we maye vse the iuyce of an orenge, or of sorell.
Rob.: Rob or robub, is vsed for a puri∣fyed iuce, thycked by the heate of fyre, or of the sunne, vnto the forme of ho∣nye: Fuchsius calleth it Succum me∣dicatum.
Ruptorie.: Ruptorie: that, that hath strength to breake.
Salis gemme.: SAl gemmae. In the Mountaynes of Germanie, and Pannonie, ther is a salt dygged out, whereof the whi∣test is called Sal gemmae, bycause it shyneth lyke a pre∣cyous stone.
Sanamunda.: Sanamunda, Auens.
Sanious.: Sanious: full of matture, fylthe, corruption.
Sandarache.: There ben two kyndes of Sanda∣rach, one is of the nature, of metalles dygged out of the grounde, about hy∣panis, a ryuer of Schythia, the other is counterfayte, made of ceruse boy∣led in a fornace.
Sanguis draconis.: Sanguis dra. soundeth dragons blood: for Plinie thought it to be a cō¦mixtion of dragons, and Elephantes bloode, when they fyght togyther, the dragon being oppressed, by the fall of the elephant. Other think that, which we cōmenly vse in medicines to bethe lyquoure of a tree. And Cadamustus sayeth, that he sawe the tree in one of the newe found ylandes.
Sarcocoll.: Sarcocoll is the lyquour of a tree growynge in Persia.
Sarcocides: The Grecians call that Sarco∣cides, that hath the resemblaunce of flesshe.
Sapa.: Sapa is newe wyne sodden vn¦to the thyrde parte.
Saphatum.: Runnynge sores, whiche perce the skynne of chyldrens heedes with son∣dry

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Sebesten.: Sebestae bene frutes lyke prunes, which in Siria they strayne, and ga∣ther out a slymye liquour, wherwith they make lyme. And for this cause the later wryters call them myxas. For myxa signifyeth grosse, and sly∣mye liquoure. These frutes are vsed to quenche thyrste, and represse cho∣lere.
Scarification.: Scarification: scorchynge, ray∣synge of the skynne.
Sclirotike.: Sclirotike. The fyrst skynne of the eye, which conteyneth vnder hym all the other skinnes, & couereth, in y^e hin¦der parte the glassye, and cristalline humour, is called in Greke Scleros, and barbarouslye sclirotike, that is to saye, harde.
Sclirosis.: Sclerosis: hardnesse.
Scāmonie.: Scāmonia is an vnknowen herbe, the iuce of it, is vsed to purge choler, and they call it diagredium, or diacry¦dion. It is of a stronge sauour, vnple¦saunt in taste, and payneth the herte. And therfore some wish, that it were vsed nomore.
Scotomia.: They shoulde saye, Scoto∣ma, and it is a disease, when darke∣nesse ryseth before the eyes, and whē all thynges seme to go round about. Scotos in greke signifyeth darknes. This disease is called vertigo, in la∣tyne, of••n••nyng about, though some go about, to make a foolysh difference of scotoma, and vertigo.
Semen macedonicum.: Semen macedonicum is the seede of the percelye, which some call mace¦donicum, bycause it groweth in Ma∣cedonia, some Hipposelinon, that is horsepercelye, by reason of his great∣nesse, which some thynke to be alizaū¦ders. At the leest in stede of it they cō∣menly vse the seede of alexanders.
Sene.: Sena hath lytle braunches, and the leafe of fenugreke, a thynne codde swellynge as it were full of wynde, wherin there is enclosed a brode, and blacke seede lyke a pese in taste. It purgeth fleame, and cholere.
Sephiros.: Sephiros is an arabike worde, and it is called in Greke scirros, in la∣tyne, durities, that is hardnesse.
Serapine.: Sagapenum commenly called Serapinā droppeth out of the stalke of ferula, whiche ferula groweth be∣yonde the see in hoote places, and is lyke fenell.
Sief.: Sief. Resort to collirie.
Sigillatiue.: Sigillatiue: hauyng strengthe to seale vp.
Siler montanū.: Siler montanum, is thoughte to be Seseli of Massylia, which Di∣oscorides thus descrybeth Sesilli. Massyliense (sayeth he) hathe leaues lyke fenelle, but his stalke is thycker, the toppe or tuft of it is lyke the heed of dyll, in which there is a longe seed, sharpe in tast. Both the roote and the seede do heate: and they are dronken agaynst the strangurie.
Sisamina ossa.

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Sisamus.: Sesamum is a kynde of corne. A playstre made thereof, mollifyeth hardenesse of synnowes, and discus∣seth grosse thynges retayned in them Of the seede of Sesamum, there is an oyle made, called, Oleum sesami∣num.
Serpillum.: There ben two kyndes of Ser¦pillum: the one is garden Serpillū, and the other wylde Serpillum. The garden Serpillum, smellethe lyke Maioram, and it is so called of crepynge, for serpere sygnifyeth to crepe. The wylde Serpillum cre∣peth not, but groweth on hyghe, and it hathe lytle stalkes fulle of slyppes, wyth leaues longer, and harder thā Rue, the floures thereof smelle plea∣sauntlye. The Dutche men call Ser∣pillum Onser vrowen betstroo, that is our ladyes bedstrawe.
Sirsen.: Sirsenis a barbarouse terme, and as the barborous wryters saye, it signifyeth the phransye.
Septum transuersum.: Where the false rybbes ende in a greate grystell, there groweth a gret and rounde muscle, whych the Gre∣cyans calle diaphragma, the latynes Septum transuersum: And Plinie, Precordia.
Scrophules.: Scrophulae bene hardened ker∣nelles engendred in the necke, arme∣holes, and in the flankes.
Squylliticke vinaygre.: Squilliticke vyneaygre is made with the rootes of the greate oynion called squylla, or Scylla dryed, and with vynaygre.
Smaralde.: The auctour of the Pandectes sayeth, that Smaraldus is a stoone of greene coloure, perchaunce they meane the precyous stoone, called a smaragde.
Soldanella.: Musa sayeth, that Soldanel∣la is Brassica marina, as yf you wolde saye, sea cole wortes. It hathe leaues lyke Aristolochia the rounde, and groweth by the sea syde. The pou¦der thereof (as Musa sayeth, he hath proued) is merueylous good for the hydropsye.
Spasme.: Spasmus commeth of Spao, whyche signifyeth to drawe. For it is the contraction or drawynge togy¦ther of the synnowes, whyche payne we call the crampe.
Spelta.: Spelta is a grayne lyke barlye. It is good for flymynesse of the lon∣ges, and of the brest, and it easeth the cough.
Spodium.: Spodium: Resorte to Tutia.
Solution of continuitie.

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Staphisagria.: Staphisagria soundeth a wylde grape, and it hath that name bycause the leafe of it is lyke a vyne. The seed is vsed in medicines, to drawe oute straine.
Spondylia.: Spondylia are the knottes, or ioyntes in the backe bone.
Squinantum.: It shulde be wrytten, schoenan∣thos. For schoenos signifyeth a rush, and Authos a floure. Howebeit the strawe onelye is brought vnto vs. Schoenanthos in Arabie is y^e meate of camelles, it prouoketh vryne, and caseth the strangurie.
Squinantia.: They haue turned rynanche, or synanche into squinantia. Synanche is an inflammation of the throote, whyche we call the quynce, and it cō∣meth of ••••••āgchein. which signifieth to choke. For in this disease there is greate daunger of chokyng.
Sticados.: Sticas, or stoecas, boroweth hys name of the Islees, whiche lye ouer agaynste Mass••••••a in Fraunce, and are called stoccades, bicause that in those places, it groweth plenteou∣sly. This herbe is smal, and schrubby, and hathe leues lyke thyme, sauynge, that they bene lesse: The taste of it is sharpe, with some bytternesse. A deco¦ction of this herbe is good for the dis¦ease of the brest.
Storax.: Storax liquida is that, that o∣ther call stacte of Stazein, which sy∣gnifyeth to droppe, and it is the fatte of newe myrrhe stamped in a lytle water, and pressed out with an instru¦ment. Howbeit, Plinie sayeth that it sweateth out of myrrhe by his owne accorde. There is an other kynde of storax, or styrax, which is the liquour of a tre lyke a quynce tree.
Sublimate.: Argentum sublimatum is made of Chalcantum, quycksyluer, vyne∣gre, and sal armoniake.
Stoupes.: Stupae be the stalkes of flax being pylled. The chirurgyens vse y^e name sometymes for hurdes, and somety∣mes for lynnen cloutes.
Sugre candie of a syrupe.: That, that groweth togyther, and becōmeth harde in a syrupe, they call sugre candie. &c.
Sugre taberzet.: Sugre taberzet is fyne whyte su∣gre, and it is so called, bycause it is made in a countrie named Taberzet, as the pandectarie sayth.
Sumach.: The olde wryters, called Su∣mach Rhos, and it was vsed moche of skynners, and nowe it is vsed in medycynes. The Egiptians and Sy¦ryans vse the seed of this tree in their byscatte, or shyppebreed.
Superficiall.: The vppermoost parte of a thyng is called superficies.
Suppositorium.: Suppositoriū commeth of sup∣ponere, which signifieth to put vnder It is called more elegantly, glans.

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Suppuration.: Suppuration: when a thynge commeth to matture and rottennesse.
Stiptike.: Stiptike: byndynge.
Stupefactiue.: Stupefactiue: That, that hathe strength to astoynie, and take awaye felynge.
Syrupe de duabus radicibus.: A syrupe of two rootes, that is of percelye and fenell.
Syrynges.: Syryngx signifyeth a pype or spoute.
Tamarindi.: TAmarindi, or Oxy∣phoenica, bene the fruytes of a wylde date tree, and bene called of the Greci∣ans Oxyphoenica, bycause of theyr ay∣gre taste. For oxys signifyeth tarte & aygre, and phoenix a date tree. They grow plenteously in India, and they purge yellowe cholere.
Tartar.: Tartar: the lyes of wyne.
Tapsus barbatus.: Tapsus barbatus, or (as some wryte it) Tassus barbassus, in latine Verbascum, is the herbe that we call Moleyne in Englysshe. The Germai¦nes call it vuulkraute, that is wolle∣worte, for candelles in some places bene made therwith. For which cause it is also called in Greke Lychinitis, for lychnos (where of perchaunce oure worde lyght commeth) signify∣eth a candell in Greke.
Tendons.: Pollux sayeth that tenontes, or tendines, are brode synnowes, exten∣ded from the hamme, to the heele. They are also two synowes passyng by the necke, wythout the which, the necke coulde not be turned ne sustay∣ned.
Tenasmos.: Tenesmos is whan a man hath greate prouocation to the seege, but can do nothynge. It commeth of tei∣nein, which signifyeth to stretche.
Tension.: Tension: stretchynge.
Terra sigillata.: Terra sigillata is an earth dyg∣ged oute of certayne caues in the Is∣le Lemnos. And bycause it was sent from thence beinge sealed, it was cal∣led Sigillata. Some thynke, that we haue not the thynge, thoughe we retayne the name.
Terebentine.: Mainarde sayeth, that the true Terebinthina was broughte oute of the Isle called Chios, and out of Li∣bia, and Pontus: But nowe in the stede of it, we vse Rhasyne of the fyr, or sapyne tree.
Terminatio ad crisim.: Crisis sygnifyeth iudgemente, and in thys case, it is vsed for a so∣dayne chaunge in a disease. Thys chaunge is wonte to happen foure maner of wayes. For eyther the pa∣tient is immedyatly delyuered of hys disease, or is moche better at ease, or dyeth incontynentlye, or becommeth moche worse.

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Trachea arteria.: The wesaunde pype is called, Trachea, bycause it is rough.
Transuersalis.: Transuersalis: crosseouer.
Trifera.: Trifera is an electuarie, made of myrobalanes, gynger, cloues. &c. for wyndynesse, rawe humours. &c.
Trociskes.: Trochiscos in Greke, is a lytle whele. Amonge the apothecaries, it is a confection made of sondrye pou∣ders and spyces, by the mene of some lyquoure. In latyne they call it Pa∣stillum.
Tunecis.: Some thynke that Tunici, is the herbe, that dioscorides calleth po¦lemonium, and some take it for the floures of gillofloures. Polemoni∣um, after Dioscorides descryption, hath leaues lytle bygger than Rue, but longer. In the toppe of hys braunches it hath (as it were) Iuye berryes, in whyche there is a blacke seede. The roote is dronken w^t wyne agaynst venyme.
Tutia.: Tutia is called in Greke, Pom∣pholix, that is to saye, a bubble. For it is that, that bubbleth vp in brasse, whan it is boyled, and cleueth to the sydes, or couer of the fornace. And that, that synketh, and is (as it were) the asshes of boyled brasse, is called Spodium. For spodos in Greke sy∣gnifyeth the dust and asshes, wherof spodion is a diminutiue.
Turbith.: Musa sayeth, that Turbith is the seconde kynde of spurge. Some thynke, that Turbith is taken out of a plant, whyche hath leaues lyke the leaues of the myrte tree.
Varices.: VArix is the swel∣lynge of a veyne, somtymes in the temples, some∣tyme in the base parte of the belly, somtymes about the stones, but chefelye about the leg∣ges.
Ventoses.: They vse this worde Ventosa for Cucurbicula, that is a cuppynge or boxynge glasse.
Ventricles.: Ventricles: Lytle (as it were) mawes, chambres, holes.
Vermicularis.: Vermicularis: the lesse housleke it groweth vpon houses.
Vesicatorie.: Vesicatorie: Bladderynge, bly∣sterynge.
Viscum.: One kynde of Viscum is byrde∣lyme, made of honye, and oyle. An o∣ther kynde is called Damascene, and commeth from Damasco. Mystel∣towe also is called Viscum.
Vlcers.: Vlcers. Sores.

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Volubilis.: There ben many kyndes of volubi∣lis, one hathe whyte floures lyke bel∣les, and wrappeth it self in hedges. A∣nother crepeth on the grounde, & wyn∣deth it selfe aboute herbes. The ger∣maines call volubilos winde, bycause (I thynke) it wyndeth, and wrappeth it selfe aboute bushes or herbes. I founde it englished in an olde wrytten boke hyehone.
Vitis alba.: Vitis alba hath leaues, and braun¦ches like a set vine, and twyneth it self aboute brambles, wyth hys tendrel∣les, as a vine byndeth it selfe to trees, and it hathe clusters of redde coloure lyke grapes, wherwyth men were wonte to courie skynnes. The name soundeth a white vine, and it is called moreouer brionia. There is another called nigra vitis, or a blacke vine, & it hath leaues like yuie, & catcheth trees, which grownigh vnto him, with his tendrelles, it beareth clusters, fyrste grene, and afterwarde blacke, when they ben rype, and it is called in latine bryonia nigra, and vua taminia.
Vngula.: Vngula is a sinnowye eminence of the skynne of the eye called coniuncti∣ua, beginning at the greater corner of the eye, and procedyng vpto the apple of the eye, and when it is increased, it couereth the apple also.
Vndimia.: Vndimia is a barbarouse terme, in greke it is called oedema, in latine tu∣mor. For it is a softe swellynge wyth∣out payne.
Vital spirites.: A spirite is a subtile, fyne, aerye, and cleare substaunce, produced of the thynnest, and fynest parte of bloode, that vertue, and strength maye be ca∣ried from the principal parte to y^e rest. The physitions teache that there ben thre kindes of spirites, animal, vital, & naturall. The animal spirite hath his seate in the brayne, and is spredde in to all the bodye by synnowes, gyuyng facultie of mouynge, and felynge. It is called animal, bycause it is the first instrument of the soule, whych the la∣tines call animam. And it is ingēdred of the vital spirite caried vp thither by arteries, and there more parfectly di∣gested, and elaboured. For whych pur¦pose nature made y^e merueylouse nette in the brayne, as it were a chaungea∣ble, and manifolde mase. The vital spi¦rite is conteyned in the harte, and is caried to the partes of the bodye, to cause naturall heate. It is engendred of inspiration, and of exhalation, or outbreathinge of bloode. The natural spirite dwelleth in the lyuer, and in y^e veynes. Howbeit some alowe not the addition of this spirite, beyng conten∣ted wyth the other two. Nowe that we haue declared the spirites, we wil speake somewhat of the natural facul¦ties. There ben thre faculties (I call a facultie the cause wherof action or do¦ynge procedeth) whych gouerne man, and are distributed to the hole bodye, as it were from an hedspringe, name∣ly animal, vital, and natural. The ani¦mal facultie is y^e, whyche sendeth fe∣lynge, and mouynge vnto al the bodie from the brayne by sinnowes, as it were by lytle pypes, or conduytes, & moreouer it nourisheth vnderstāding, & therfore the Greciās cal it logisticē. The vital facultie gyueth lyfe from y^e harte by arteries vnto all the bodye, y^e Grecians call it thymoeides, that is fitte to be angry, or couragious. wher∣by it appeareth y^t the hart is the head∣sprynge of natural heate. The natural facultie gyueth nouryshment to al the partes of the bodye from the lyuer by veynes, and is called of the grecians epithymetice, that is couetynge, or ap¦petyng,

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Vitriolū romanū: Musa sayeth that vitriolum roma¦num is that, that Dioscorides calleth Misy. whyche is founde in mynes, & hath the colour of golde, and is harde, and when it is broken it sendeth out y^e golden sparcles shinynge lyke sterres. It hathe vertue to purge, to heate, to scoure awaye euyll corruption lyenge in the corners of the eyes. when vitri∣olum is put wythout the addition of thys worde romanum. Some vnder∣stande therby chalcantum whyche ye shall seke in the lettre C.
Vuea.: One of the skynnes of the eye is cal∣led vuea bycause it is lyke the stone of a grape.
Vuula.: In the extreme parte of the rouffe of the mouthe, there appeareth han∣gynge a lytle peece of fleshe, whyche some call columellam, some vuulum, y^t is a lytle grape.
Xylobalsamū.: The woode of bawme is called xy¦lobalsamum, the frute carpobalsamū, the iuyce or liquor opobalsamum.
zeduarie.: zeduaria is thought to be a roote of hote, and drye temperamente, whyche they seeth in wyne for the cough, for paynes of the stomake. &c.
Of wieght.: Libra or a pounde is deuided in to twelue ounces. Here ye shal note, that those apothecaries erre, whyche for a pounde put sixtene ounces into theyr medicines. For that is the marchaun∣tes pounde. The fourthe parte of a pounde, is called quadrans in latine, the thyrde triens, the sixte, sextans. wherfore quadrans, or a quarterne is the weyght of thre ounces. Triens of four. Sextās of two. An oūce maketh viii.. drāmes, a dram .iii. scruples. And as y^e comune practicioners say .lx. bar∣ley cornes make a dramme. Granum is the weyght of a grayne. Manipu∣lus signifieth an handfull. Here folow the notes of these weyghtes.
A graine. gr.
A scruple. ℈.
A dramme .ʒ.
An ounce .℥.
A quarterne. Qr.
A pounde. li.
Halfe. ss.
An handful. m̄.
Ana. is vsed for euerye one
In number. n̄.

FINIS.

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The most excellent workes of chirurgerye, made and set forth by maister John Vigon, heed chirurgie[n] of our tyme in Italie, translated into english. Whereunto is added an exposition of straunge termes [and] vnknowen symples, belongyng to the arte

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