Purchas his pilgrimes. part 3 In fiue bookes. The first, contayning the voyages and peregrinations made by ancient kings, patriarkes, apostles, philosophers, and others, to and thorow the remoter parts of the knowne world: enquiries also of languages and religions, especially of the moderne diuersified professions of Christianitie. The second, a description of all the circum-nauigations of the globe. The third, nauigations and voyages of English-men, alongst the coasts of Africa ... The fourth, English voyages beyond the East Indies, to the ilands of Iapan, China, Cauchinchina, the Philippinæ with others ... The fifth, nauigations, voyages, traffiques, discoueries, of the English nation in the easterne parts of the world ... The first part.

§. V. Of the miserable estate of Russia after SWISKEYS deportation, their election of the King of Polands Sonne, their Interregnum and popular estate, and chusing at last of the present [ 30] Emperour, with some remarkabe acci∣dents in his time.

THus haue we seene the Russian sinnes vtterly rooting vp so many Russian Imperiall Fa∣milies and persons: the whole Family of Iuan extirpate, that of Boris succeeding, annihilate; two pretending Demetrij and Suiskie extinct: and yet haue wee greater abhominations to shew you. No Tyrant, no Serpent, no Dragon is so exorbitant and prodigious as that which hath many heads▪ and therefore in diuine Visions Monarchies (how euer excessiue and tyrannical) haue beene resembled by simpler and more vniforme beasts, but the [ 40] Deuill in a great red Dragon with seuen heads and ten hornes,* 1.1 and the Beast likewise to which hee gaue his power and his seat and great authoritie, which opened his mouth in blasphemie against God, &c. On which sate the great Whore, the Antichristian Babylon. There was no King in Israel, is both Alpha and Omega, Preface and Conclusion, Diuine Writ to some misery in Israel; as if all Kings and no King, were the Circumference of all the lines proceeding from Mischiefes Centre. And now was Russia a Monster of many heads, that is, a bodie fallen into many pieces. One man possessed of the Wife of that double Demetrius, got to Astracan, there seating himselfe to set vp an vsurped shop of Rule; the Southerne parts chose Prince Vladislaus, Son of K. Sigismund of Po∣land;* 1.2 ••hose of the North thought of other Princes; and at last when neither the Fig-trees sweet∣nesse nor Oliues fatnesse, nor cheering Wine from the Vine could take place in their inconstancie, the [ 50] Brambles conceiued a fire which deuoured the Cedars of Libanus: a popular gouernment happened, or if you will, a Confusion of the multitude bare sway, which killed and murthered euery Great Man, whom any Rascall would accuse to be a friend to the Poles, or to any of the dead Empe∣rours, whom those popular injudicious Iudges fancied not. And now Russia blushed with im∣pudencie, that is with shamelesse sight of the daily effusion and profusion of her best bloud; now euery man was an Actor: and oh had they beene but Actors! too really did they present (not represent) bloudie Tragedies, of which their whole Countrey was becomne the Theatre; the Deuill the Choragus (a Murtherer from the beginning) and the whole World Spectator, stupid with admiration, quaking with horrour of so vncouth a sight!

Now for the ouertures betwixt the Muscouites, and Stanislaus Stanislawich Zolkiewskie, Ge∣nerall [ 60] of the Polakes, touching their Election of Vladislaus Sonne of King Sigismund, and the Articles propounded: also the answere of Prince Vladislaus to the same Articles, Anno 1612. I haue here expressed in Latine as I found them: fearing I should be ouer-tedious to translate them, especially seeing the businesse came not to effect: and the English Articles following of the

Russian Embassage to the King of Poland, doth lay open that and other passages of the Russian Confusions.

Pacta inter Primarium Ducem Exercituum Regni Poloniae, & in∣ter Heroes Moscouiae.

SErenissimi Potentissimi{que} Imperatoris Sigismundi tertij Dei gratia Regis Poloniae, Magni{que} Ducis Lithuaniae, Russ••ae, Prussiae, Samogitiae, Kieuiae, Volhoniae, Podoliae, Po••lachiae, Suecorum, [ 10] Oestonorum, aliorum{que} nec non haereditarij Regis Suecorum, Gottorum, Vandalorum, Finlandiae∣que Principis. Palatinus Kijeuiensis, Primarius Dux Exercituum Regni Poloniae Capitaneus Ro∣hatiuensis, Camaenacensis, Ka••usciensis. Ego Stanislaus Stanislaides Zolkiewsky de Zolkwia, Manifestum facio praes••ntibus pactis, & confirmatis meis literis. Quòd Omnipotentis in Trinitate ado∣randi Dei gratia, & voluntate, tum & benedictione venerabilis Hermogenis, Moscouitarum, totius{que} Russiae Patriarchae, Metropolitarum, Archiepiscoporum, Episcoporum, Archimandrytarum, Humaeno∣rum totius{que} venerabilis Cleri. Et post pacta omnium Heroum, Comitum, Capitaneorum, Primario∣rum Dapiferorum, Aulicorum, Tenutariorum, Aulicorum arcibus Praefectorum, & Decurionum Sclo∣petariorum, necnon quorumnis Moscouiae haeredum, Heroum{que} liberorum, Aduenarum, Mercaturam exercentium, Iaculatorum, velitum Fabrorum tormentariorum, & reliquorum in colarum magni Impe∣rij [ 20] Moscouitarum. Heroes, vtpoie Comes Albertus Iuanouiz Micislawskij, Dux Venceslaus Ven∣cesl••••des Gali••z••ja, Albertus Iuanouiz Seremetij, Dux Venceslaus Mieliechij, & Primarij Depu∣tati Venceslaus Telepnieuij, & Thomas Lugowskij, & vniuersi totius Moscouiae Primates, Ege∣runt, deliberauerunt{que} mecum, de eligendo Imperatore, in Wlodijmi••iense vniuersum{que} Moscouita∣rum Imperium, ac tradiderunt mihi suam confirmatam figillatam{que} obligationem & sacrosanctum viui∣ficum baptisma sicrae Regiae Maiestatis exosculati sunt 〈◊〉〈◊〉 tantum Prim••rij Comites, sed etiam He∣roes, incolentes Aulici, Capitanei, Primarij Dapiferi, Aulici, Cubicularij, Structores, Tenutarij, & Decuriones Sclopetarior••m, om••••s{que} dignitatis homines, Iaculatores, velites, Fabri Tormentarij, varijs{que} statu•• seruiles, & liberi homines Imperij Moscouitici, Hunc s••••modum: Quod venerabilis Hermoge∣nes Moscouiae, & vniuersae Russiae Patriarcha, Metropolitae, Archiepiscopi, Episcopi, Archimandrytae, [ 30] Humaeni singuli & vniuersi venerabiles Heroes, Capitanei, Primarij Dapiferi, Aulici, Cubicularij, Structores, & Decuriones Sclopetariorum, Tenutarij, haeredes Heroum, Aduenae, homines Mercatu∣ram exercentes, Iaculatores, Velites, F••britorimentarij, omnis sortis seruiles, & haereditarij Imperij Moscouitici, constituunt Legatos mittere, at{que} supplicare magno Imperatori, Serenissimo Sigismundo Regi Poloniae, & Serenissimo sacrae eius Maiestatis Regiae filio Vladis••ao Sigismundi, vt Serenissimus Imperator Sigismundus Rex, commisereri eorum velit, constituat{que} Vlodijmitiensis ••otius{que} Imperij Moscouitici Imperatorem Vladislaum Sigismundi sacrae suae Regiae Maiestatis filium. Quod vt fiat, venerabilis Hermogenes totius Moscouiae Patriarcha, Metropolitae, Archiepiscopi, Episcopi, Archi∣mandrytae, Humaeni, totu•• deni{que} venerabilis Clerus, Deum ter optimum maximum rogat, & Impera∣torem Serenissimum Vladislaum Sigismundi filium sacrae Regiae Maiestatis Imperio totius Moscouiae [ 40] co••stitui laeto exoptant animo. Omnes etiam Heroes, Aulici Imperatorij. Capitanei, Primarij Dapife∣ri, Equites▪ Cubicularij, Structores, Decuriones Sclopetariorum, Tenutarij, in arcibus Praefecti, Di∣sp••usatores, liberi Heroum, Aduenae, Mercat••ram exercentes, Iaculatores, velites, Fabri tormentarij, om••••s{que} conditionis seruiles, & liberi incolae Imperij Moscouiae, Serenissimi Imperatoris; filij Serenissimi Regis Po••oniae Vladishi Sigismuntouiz, & posteritatis (si quae ipsius futura) exosculati sunt sacro∣sanctum vi••ificum baptismae, hoc signo indicantes, se cùm ipsi Imperatori, tùm omni ipsius posteritati ae∣ternis temporibus seruituros, omnia{que} prosperima exoptantes, in omnibus non secus vt superioribus haere∣ditarijs màgnis Imperatoribus, & Caesaribus, Magnis item Ducibus vniuersi Imperij Moscouitici, nec vllum malu•••• ipsi, & eius posteritati o••inaturos, machinatu••os, cogitaturos, aut alium quempiam ex Moscouito Imperio, vici••is{que} Imperijs, in Imperatorem Moscouiae, praeter Serenissimum Vladislaum Sigmuntouiz filium▪ Serenissimi Regis Poloniae introductores, adoptaturosue. Quibus verò cum condi∣tionibus [ 50] in Imperatorem Moscouitici Imperij eum sint suscepturi, hac de re Heroes Dux Albertus I∣uanouiz Mscissawskij cum Collegis suis tradidere mihi obligatorium pactum. Ego verò Primarius dux Regni Poloniae, post pactum••st••d in scriptis mihi traditum; de omnibus punctis cum Heroibus certam conclusionem constituimus, & approbanimus. Harum{que} conditionum approbandarum gratia tradidi Heroibus Duci Alberto Iuanouiz cum Collegis eius obligationem, & confirmaui meae manili subscrip∣tione, & sigilli appo••itione, & sacrosanctum vtu••sicum Baptisma exosculatus sum ego Primarius Dux exercituum Regni Poloniae & omnes Primipili, Centuriones sese obligando, pro Magno Imperatore nostro Serenissimo Sigismundo Rege Poloniae▪ ••psinsque filio Serenissimo Vladisl••o, Sigmuntouiz, & pro magnis Imperijs, vniuerso{que} magno Regno Poloniae, Magno{que} Ducatu Lithuaniae, & pro nobis∣metipsis, [ 60] tot••{que} exercitis, qui••st penes sacrosanctam Regiam Maiestatem, & penes me Primarium suum. Eum in modum. Quòd benedictione castissimae Deiparae, & Sanctorum, qui magna miracula in Moscouia praestitere, vtpote Sancti Petri Alexij & Anthonij omnium{que} Sanctorum, Serenissimus Sigismundu Rex noster Poloniae miserebitur Imperij Mosco••itici, & creabit Imperatorem Wldij ni∣••••ensem, omniū{que} magnorum Imperiorum, totius Mu••coviae filium sacrae suae Regiae Maiestaris Vladis∣laum

Sigmuntouiz. Cum veròiam Serenissimus Vladislaus Sigmuntouiz filius Serenissimi Regis Po∣loniae aduenerit ad Arcem Sedis Imperatoriae Moscouiticae, tùm coronabitur in Imperatorem Wlodi••∣miriensem, omnium{que}, totius Moscouiae Imperiorum, ipsi{que} Imperatoria Corona, & Diadema impone∣tur à venerabil•• Hermogene Patriarcha totius Moscouiae, & ab vniuerso venerabili Clero Graecae Re∣ligionis, secundum pristinum morem & dignitatem. Factus verò Serenissimus S.R. Maiestatis fili••s Vladislaus Sigmuntouiz Imperator Moscouiae, Templa Dei in Moscouia per omnes Arces, Vicos, v∣niuersum{que} Imperium Moscouiae repur gabit, & augebit in omnibus ad pristinam consuetudinem, & ab omni incommodo tutabitur, tum Sanctis Dei, & Diuorum imaginibus, & castissimae Deiparae, om∣nibus ossibus Sanctorum, quae magna prodigia in Moscouia faciunt, debitum cultum flexis gen••••us praestare, illa{que} adorare tenebitur. Et Politica, nec non Spirituali vtrius{que} sexus Christianitati, [ 10] omnibus{que} vere Christianis, vt sint verae Christianae legis Graecae Religionis non proh••bebit. Ro∣manae Religionis aliarum{que} diuersarum Sectarum Religionis Templa, aut Synagogas, in Moscouiti∣ci Imperij Arcibus, & pagis, nullibi aedificare debet vt nihilominus in Arce Moscouia praefata, 〈◊〉〈◊〉 Romanum Templum esse possit, propter homines Polonos, & Lithuanos, qui penes Imperator••m fi∣lium Serenissimi R. Polo. sunt futuri, ea de re cum sacra R. Maiestate, & venerabili Hermogene Patriarcha Moscouiae, omnibus spiritualibus, tum Heroibus, & Capitaneis collatio instituenda.

Religio autem sacrosancta Graeca nullo in puncto violanda, aut perturbanda, vel alia quaepiam inu∣sitata introducenda est, in id{que} danda opera, vt sancta, vera, Christiana Graeca Religio, suam integrita∣tem, & cultum retineat, iuxta morem antiquum, nec Imperium Moscouiticum, eius{que} incolae veri Chri∣stiani, à Graeca Religione ad Romanam, aut aliam quampiam, vi, se•• robore, & seruitute, alijs{que} his si∣milibus [ 20] modis abducaniur.

Iudaei in vniuersum Moscouiae Imperium causa Mercaturae, aut alterius cuiuspiam rei proficisci n•• permittantur. Venerabilia & ossa Sanctorum, ab Imperatore filio Serenissimi R. Pol. Vladislao Sig∣muntouiz sancta cum veneratione debent venerari. Et venerabilem Hermogenem Patriarcham Moscouiae, Metropolitas, Archiepiscopos, Episcopos, Arch mandrytas, Humaenos, Praesbyteros, Diacono••, & praesentes spirituales, vniuersum{que} Clerum Christianae sacrosanctae Religionis Graecae, debito afficere ho∣nore, in omnibus{que} tutar••, spiritualibus negotijs sese immiscendo, alienas sectas praeter Graecam religionem introducere nullas debet. Quod autem Templis, Monasterijsue non Patrum dicatur, de varijs prouentibus, & qui dabantur antiquorm tempore Imperatorum Moscouiae, vtpotè sacrati panes, legumina, summae pecuniales, & his de varijs reditibus similia: bos prouentus Ecclesiae dicatos, & omnium Imperatorum [ 30] antiquorum Moscouiae, nec Herorum, aut aliorum bominum donationes, siquas Templis, aut Monaste∣rijs Dei dica••erunt, aut dicaturi sunt, adimere debet, nulla secundum antiquum morem constituta vio∣lando. Spirituales, & Regulares status nullo modo infringendo, Dimensarijs omnia pensa spiritualia, & Regularia, quibus antiquitus dabantur ex fisco Imperatorio omnia reddendo, vt solitum fuit, & ex Im∣peratorio Thesauro in Templa & Monasteria, stipem variorum redituum augendo. Heroes, Imperatorij A••lici, Capitanei, Primarij Dapiferi, Cubicularij, & cuiusuis generis Ten••tarij, in omnibus negotijs, in omnibus Imperialibus, Castrensibu••, & terr••stribus causis, in Arcibus Palatini, Capitanei, sine Ten••∣tarij & Telonarij, aut alij cuiusmodi Praefecti, & omnis conditionis homines, vt antiqua retineant Priuilegia prout constitutum est in Moscouitico Imperio, ab antiquis magnis Imperatoribus, in id Se∣renissimus Imperator incumbet seriò

Poloni verò & Lithuani, in Moscouia nullis in terrestribus, forensibus negotijs, aut Arcibus [ 40] Palatinorum, Capitaneorum••e esse debent, nec successiones Praefecturae, aut dignitatis in Arcibus illi•• tribuendae sunt.

Quia autem Poloni, & Lithuani ex vtro{que} Imperio videtur consultum, vt praeficiantur confinibus Arcibus ad absolutum leuamen huius Imperij, ea de re Serenissimus Imperator cum Heroibus collatio∣nem instituet suo tempore.

Iam vero vniuersa Respublica supplex S••renissimum Imperatorem precatur, ne ad executionem per∣ducat hanc conditionem, antequam fuerit hac in parte vtrin{que} deliberatum.

Qui verò Poloni & Lithuani penes Serenissimum Imperatorem Vladislaum Sigmuntouiz sunt fu∣turi, eos non solum honoraturi, sed etiam contentaturi pec••niali numeratione, & promoturi secundum [ 50] vniuscuius{que} merita sumus.

Moscovitici Imperij Heroes, Aulicos, Imperatorios, Capitaneos, Primari••s Dapiferos, Cubi∣cularios, Praefectos, Structores, Tenutarios, Arcium Praefectos Sclopetariorum, omnis{que} ad Aulam Imperatoriam pertinentes homines, & liberos Heroum, Aduenas, Mercatores, Iaculator••s, velites, Fa∣bros tormentarios, & omnis conditiones bellicosos homines, alios{que} haeredes Imperij Moscovitici, Sere∣nissimus Imperator debet habere in dignitate, honore, gratia, & amore, vt fuit antiquitus apud pri∣mos magnos Moscoviae Imperatores; Nec antiquos mores & status qui erant in Imperio Mosco∣viae immutare, vel Moscoviae Ducum, Heroum{que} viduas Aduenis in patria, vel Tenutis ••locar••, aut deprimere.

Tributa pecunialia, stipendia reddere, & haereditates quas aliquis possidebat ad haec vs{que} tempora, is etiamnum, & in posterum possid••r•• debet. [ 60]

Haereditaria bona à nemine abalienare, sed semper omnibus hominibus Moscovitici Imperij proui∣dere perpendendo seruitia eorum, prout aliquis de Republica meritus est.

Aduenis omnibus qui vocati fuerant ex varijs Nationibus, à primis Imperatoribus Moscoviae,

necessarijs prouidere, prout antea solitum fuit: nec stipendia, Tenutas, & possessiones eorum ab ijs abalienare.

Heroibus, Aulicis, Cubicularijs, Dapiferis, & liberis Heroum, omnibus{que} Aulae Imperatoriae in∣seruientibus, Imperatoriam beneuolentiam commonstrare, & salaria debita, secundum antiquum mo∣rem reddere, Serenissimus Imperator tenebitur.

Quod si verò alicui salaria multiplicabuntur, possessiones{que} aut tenutae, supra eius dignitatem, vel contra alicui minuentur, praeter culpam ipsius, ea de re Serenissimus Imperator conferre, & consultare debet cum Heroibus Primarijs: & prout vnanimes decreuerint, id{que} secundum aequitatem, ita sit facturus.

[ 10] Qui vero Aulici, aut liberi Heroum sumunt beneficio Imperatoris, ex Arcibus omnibus stipendiarijs, quibus benefici•• tempore praeteritorum Magnorum Imperatorum Moscoviae ob merita ipsorum dabantur, illis quo{que} iam & stipendia pecunialia, & alimentaria, ex Mandato Imperatoris danda sunt.

In Arce dicta Moscovia, alijs{que} Arcibus, Iudicia exequi debent, & obseruari vt solitum, secun∣dum statuta Moscovitici Imperij. Quod si verò aliqua essent corrigenda, ad corroborationem Iudicio∣rum, conceditur Serenissimo Imperators, sed cum consensu omniam Heroum Vniuersitatis Moscoviae, ita tamen, vt respondeant aequitati.

Magnus autem Imperator Serenissimus Rex Poloniae, Magnus Dux Lithuaniae, eui••s{que} totius Regni Poloni••, Imperia, necnon Magnus Ducatus Lithuaniae, cum Magno Imperatore filio Regis Po∣lon ae [ 20] Vla••islao, Sigmuntoviz, cum omnibus Imperijs Moscoviae, in amicitia, soci••tate, amore, aeter∣nis temporibus inuiolabiliter, nec contra se inuicem exercitus colligere, & bella concitare nullis modis debent.

Quod si autem aliquis hostium tentarit impetus facere in Imperium Moscoviae, siue etiam in Reg∣num Poloniae, & Magnum Ducatum Lithuaniae: contra istiusmodi omnes hostes iunctis viribus in∣surgere vtrum{que} Imperium tenebitur.

Caeterum, in Tartarorum finibus quod si necessum fuerit seruare vtri••s{que} Imperij milites, cum iam coronatus fuerit filius Serenissimi Regis Poloniae, Imperator Imperij Moscovitarum: hac de re, collatio cum Heroibus instituenda, & cum magno Imperatore Serenissimo Sigismundo Rege Poloniae, id{que} de∣center, animo sincero, abs{que} vlla machinatione dāmni alicuius, aut Tyrannidis illationis in homines Mos∣couitici Imperij: honorem, vitam, aut aliud quippiam istiusmodi nemini adimendo, cuiuscun{que} conditio∣nis [ 30] ille fuerit: Aut si in Poloniam, vel Lithuaniam, alia{que} Imperia Moscouitici Imperij homines transmittendo, aut ex Lithuania in locum eorum alicuius alterius generis homines supponendo: Vxores, aut liberos alicuius dolose corrumpendo, vel sobolis procreandae gratia sumendo, & ad exteras Nationes parentes cum liberis transmittendo.

Qui autem ex quocun{que} Imperio istiusmodi facinoris reus, & poena dignus inveniretu••: Is in Impera∣torijs & terrestribus iudicibus prou•• meruit, puniendus est: & decretum per Imperatorem aut Heroes, vel Capitaneos de illo ferendum.

Vxores autem eorum & liberi, fraetres, & qui istud facinus nec perpetrarunt, nec ipsis fuit cognitum, ••ut illud perpetrandum consentiêre. Illi ••edum puniendi, sed secundum aequitatem Priuilegiorum suo∣rum, patrimonia, tenutas, vitam,, aulas, retinere debent.

[ 40] Sin verò reus non possit explorari, nemo tum Iudicio Imperatoris, at Heroum iudicari, puniri, pro∣scribi, vel incarcerari, aut ad alienos transmitti debet: sed vnusquis{que} in suis Tenutis & A••lis conseruari.

Steriles autem, quia ex hac decesserint vita, bona ab illis relicta, vel consanguineis ipsorum, siue cui∣eun{que} ipsi legauerint, tradenda: id tamen non abs{que} mutua collatione, & consilio esse debet.

Porro quoniam tempore praesentis seditionis multi perire, & multos ex Moscovitis prostratos constat à Polonis, & Lithuanis, & contra Polonos & Lithuanos à Moscovitis: istud factum, & nunc, & imposterum, nec commemorandum, nec vlla vindicta vtrin{que} pensandum esse debet.

Qui autem Poloni, & Lithuani Primipoli, Centuriones, alij{que} diuersae sortis homines duxère capti∣uitatem in Imperio Moscoviae, quorum aliqui adhuc in vinculis tenentur, illi ex Moscoviae Imperio red∣dendi, [ 50] sine vlla pecuniali liberatione. Tum quoque vice versa Aulici, liberi Heroum, Iaculatores, Ve∣lites, Fabri tormentarij, omnes{que} seruiles & liberi homines, Aulicorum liberi, Iaculatorum, Fabrorum tormentariorum, Sclopetariorum, & horum similium. Item Matres, Vxores, Liberi, & his similes, ex Imperio Moscovitarum, virilis aut muliebris sexus, in praesentem seruitutem praesente primo Moscovi∣tarum, virilis aut muliebris sexus, in praesentem seruitutem praesente primo Moscouitarum Imperatore Venceslao accepti in Poloniam vel Lithuaniam, illi ab Imperatore Serenissimo Rege Poloniae, restitu∣••••di à minimis ad maximos vs{que} abs{que} pecuniali redemptione. Prouentus Imperatorios ex Aroibus, alijs{que} possessionibus, tum ex tenutis & arendis census, omnes{que} reditus, debet Serenissimus Imperator exigere, vt antea fecere Primi Imperatores, & prioris Magistratus mores, & statuta abs{que} consensu in [ 60] nullis immutare.

Arces, aut Ciuitates, quae bello vastatae, ad eas mittere debet Serenissimus Imperator, & praecipere, vt conscribantur Registra eorum, quae per vastationem periere: vt vicissim sumptis prouentibus al••und••, secundum conscripta registra possint resarciri.

Quorum verò Haereditates, Possessiones, vel Tenutae spoliatae, ijs leuamen dandum, sed non abs{que}

consensu Heroum. Et quae recens vastatae A••ces, illas quamprimum restaurare, confilio mito cum He∣roibus, & Nobilibus.

Mercatores Moscouitici Imperij omnium Ciuitatum, in Polonia, & Lithuania, sic Poloni, Lithua∣ni, in Moscouia, Polonia, Lithuania, merces coemere debent more vsi••ato, vt antea: I st••d tamen ca∣uendum, ne inuicem sibi facessent negotia Mercatores, & alij Christiani in Lithuaniam ex Russia, & ex Lithuania in Russiam, sese transportando cum mercibus Heroes, & Aulici omnes, mancipia debent in seruitute detinere, prout solitum.

In Volda, Dona, & Tekier Arcibus, velites, si illis opus fuerit, seruari debent: do quibus Serenis∣simus Imperator conferre debet cum Heroibus, & Nobilibus, postquam coronabitur.

Arces Moscouitici Imperij, ad Imperatorem pertinentes, tum illae, quae in tenuta•• Polonis, & Li∣thuanis [ 10] traditae sunt, vel quas iam Vor praefatus sub potestatem suam subiecit: Ego Primarius Dux exercituum Regni Poloniae, constitui cum Heroibus Moscouiae, quod Serenissimus Rex Poloniae, Filio sacrae suae Regiae Maiestatis Serenissimo Vladislao Sigmuntouiz, has arces, cum omnibus qu•• sunt vastatae, Moscouitico Imperio restituere debet. Illustres vero Legati Moscouienses, hoc in nego∣tio tractaturi sunt cum sacra Regia Maiestate de sumptibus, & expensis sacr•• Regia Maiestatis in milites expositis, & de persoluendis Polonis, & Lithuanis, sunt quoque consultaturi, quomodo absolu•• possint.

* 1.3Vor autem praefatus, qui sese Caesaridem Moscouitici Imperij, Demetrium Euanouiz appellat: de illo, mihi Primo Duci Regni Poloniae consilium meundum, & omnis cura habenda, vt capi, vel penitus è vita tolli possit. [ 20]

Qui postquam captus, vel occisus fuerit, Ego Primarius Dux Exercituum Regni Poloni••, cum exercitu sacrae Maiestatis à primaria Arce, sedis Imperatoriae, Moscouia praefata discedere ad Arcem Mozaisko, vel vbi fuerit opus, post collationem cum Heroibus institutam, ibi{que} Legatos Moscouiae, & mandatum sacrae Regiae Maiestatis, praestolari tenebor. Quod si nihilominus Vor praefatus contra Im∣peratoriam arcem Moscouiam sic dictam tentauerit insidiari, aut seditiones aliquas excitare; Ego Pri∣marius Dux Regni Poloniae, illum profligare, & armis persequi tenebor.

Dominum vero Sapieza, qui se Vor praefato adiunxit, ab illo & exercitum Polonicum, & Lithua∣nicum abducere; Quod si idem Vor praefatus, ex Moscouia cum Ruthenis disc••sserit, militum autem Polonorum, & Lithuanorum quosdam apud se detinuerit; Ego Primarius Dux Regni Poloniae, cum exercitu sacrae Regiae Maiestatis, vna cum Heroibus Moscouiae, ne sanguicidium imposterum ex∣ordiatur, [ 30] sed Imperium pace publica assecuratum stabiliatur, dabimus operam.

* 1.4Mulier verò, quae cum eodem Vor praefato per Moscouiticum Imperium, cum exercitu passim grassatur, Imperatricem Moscouiae sese ventilando; illi prohibendum, ne eandem se imposterum cogno∣minare, vel quippiam istiusmodi, aut aliquas difficultates, contra Imperium Moscouiticum moliri au∣deat: sed, quamprimum in Poloniam reducenda est. Imperator verò Serenissimus, filius Regis Polo∣niae Vladislaus Sigmuntouiz in omnibus antiquitus, iura sancita, & pacta Magnorum Legatorum Moscouiae, cum Serenissimo Sigismundo Rege Poloniae, & confirmata priuilegia imitari debet.

Ciuitatem & Arcem Smolinsk praefatum quod attinet; Ego Dux Primarius exercituum regni Poloniae supplicabo apud S.R. Maiestatem, vt prohibeat, ne milites in Ciuitate tanta homicidia exer∣ceant, & Arcem spolient. [ 40]

De ba••tismate verò, vt illud Imperator Vladislaus Sigmuntouiz, filius sacrae Regiae Maiestatis suscipiat,* 1.5 & baptizetur in illorum Sacrosancta legis Graecae religione, in illa{que} perseueret, vt & de alijs nonaum contractis actis, & conditionibus, & reliquis circumstantijs antiquitus in Imperio Moscouitico, ad praesentem vs{que} expeditionem bellicam obseruatis: Inter Serenissimos Imperatores & Imperia om∣nium, con••ilium & collatio institui debet, vt amor, & amicitia, vtrin{que} augeri, & conseruari possit. Qua de re, Ego Primarius Dux militiae, cum iam à S.R. Maiestate commissa, & mandata nulla habeam, contuli cum Heroibus, quid ipsis responsi sum daturus: sed primùm cum sacrae Regia Maiestate hoc in negotio, tum etiam cum Serenissimo Imperatore Vladislao Sigmuntouiz filio sacrae Regiae Maiestatis, conferam.

Insuper, Ego Primarius Dux exercituum regni Poloniae, in Arcem Moscouiam praefatam, Po∣lonos, [ 50] Lithuanos, Germanos, & omnis generis bellicosos, qui sunt mecum, & cum Domino Sapieza, abs{que} permissu Heroum, vel ipsa necessitate, intromittere non debeo. In Arcem Moscouiam praefatam, Mercatorum Polonorum, & Lithuanorum, mercium coemendarum gratia, ex omnibus Prouincijs regni Poloniae, cum meis Imperialibus testimonialibus literis, non vltra viginti, vel paulo plures sunt intromittendi: abs{que} literis à me datis testimonialibus, in Arcem Moscouiam praefatam, aut alibi, nemo proficisci debet.

Ob maius verò robur, & confirmationem Pactorum istorum, Ego Primarius regni Poloniae Dux exercituum, Stanislaus Stanislaides, Zolkiewsky de Zolkwia sigillum meum apposui, & manum propriam subscripsi. Sic etiam Domini Primipoli, & Centuriones exercitus, qui tum temporis mihi ad∣erant, ad haec mea scripta nomina sua subscripsere. Datum in Castris, apud Arcem sedis Imperatoriae [ 60] Moscouitici Imperatoris. Anno 1610. Augusti 27. die.

Responsum ad Pacta inter Primarium Ducem Exercituum Regni Poloniae, & He∣roes Moscouiae, Serenissimi Regis Poloniae, & Serenissimi VLA∣DISLAI SIGMVNTOVIS Filij Sacrae Regiae Majestatis.

MAgnus Dei gratia Imperator Vladislaus Sigmuntouiz, Filius Serenissimi Regis Poloniae, Sue∣ciae, &c. Amplissimi Molcouitarum ••mperij vniuerso venerabili Clero, Ministris Dei vi∣gilantissimis, Heroibus, Capitaneis, Liberis Heroum, Aduocatis velitum, Iaculatoribus, & Velitibus, [ 10] Adue••is, Mercatoribus, omnibus seruilibus, & liberis hominibus significamus, Nos quandoquidem v••∣bis Imperatorem totius Imperij Moscouitici, Caesarem, & Magnum Principem Wlodymiriensem, necnon vniuersarum Moscouitici Imperij Prouinciarum coronari petijstis: Nos quo{que} post Legato••um vestrorum supplicationem, pro vobis intercessimus apud Serenissimum Tertium Regem Poloniae, Mag∣num{que} Duc••m Lithuaniae, Dominum parentem nostrum, vt secundum suae sacrae Regia Maiestatis mi∣sericordiam, consuetudinem, vestrae subueniat calamitati, & prout caepit, ad finem vs{que} vos, & totum Moscouiticum Imperium restauret, & pace confirmet: & sanguinem Christianum qui per malos quos∣dam pacis publicae violatores, & periuros effunditur, coerce••t: Serenissimus ita{que} Rex Poloniae, Domi∣nus Parens noster, post vestr••m Legatorum supplicationem, & nostram filij sui intercessionem, Decre∣uit nobiscum filio suo, in Moscouiticum Imperi••m, iter quamprimum suscipere: vt confirmetur Impe∣rium, [ 20] & sanguicidium sanguinis vestri cohibeatur, vobis vero pax, & Pairia, ex integra restituatur. Et vobis venerabili Clero, Heroibus, Incolis, Capitaneis, & vniuersis cuiuscun{que} sortis hominibus, Spi∣ritualibus, & Politicis, istud necessariò sciendum est. Vos autem, qui Serenissimo Regi Poloniae, Do∣mino Parenti nostro, & nobis, ad hoc vs{que} temp••s fidem inuiolatam conseruastis, iam quo{que} ••obis Mag∣nis Imperatoribus vestris officia vestra, & promp••••••udinem animi conseruabitis, aduentum{que} nostrum in Imperium Moscouiticum, cum gaudio in pace expectabitis. Qui verò malâ de nobis opinione, contu∣macia, & seductione Vo•• praefiti, repulsam fecere, ijs ne amplius ••ergiuer sentur, promittendo illis nostram beneuolentiam, & amorem, persuadere debetis, & ad nos Imperatores conuertere, vt sint quo{que} vobiscum vnanimes, Et supremi Cancellarij Exercitus, Serenissimi{que} Regis Poloniae, Domini Parentes nostri, nostris{que} sese ad••••ngant: Et cum supremo Cancellario, de nostris Imperatorijs, & terrestribus negotijs [ 30] consultent, commoda{que} Patriae curent, vt quamprimum possit Imperium Moscouiticum, ad pr••stinum statum reduci, & paci, ac tranquillitati antiquae restitui •• ac nos, do••ec venerimus, laeti praestolentur. Se∣ditiosis, ac male de nobis opinantibus, nullam fidem habeant, nec vllis obediant, qui secundum animi sui praesumptionem falsam, se suam{que} posteritatem Imperatoribus Moscouiticis successuram arbitrantur. Et qui de sacra Regia Maiestate, Domino Parente nostro, nobis{que} metipsis, rumores nefarios, scriptis ad Arcium Praefectos literis sparsere, & disseminarunt, verba{que} dolosè excogitata, inter homines dimisere, & iam disseminant: atque hac tyrannide, & malitia sua, recentes seditiones in Moscouia concitauerunt, quibus multam copiam sanguinis Christiani frustra effundi passi sunt, & totum Imperium diuiserunt, & hac pertinacia, atque malitia sua, Dei ter Opt. Max. castissimae{que} Deipar•• voluntati, necnon Se∣renissimi Sigismundi Dei gratia Regis Poloniae misericordiae, & ipsius beneuolo erga se animo aduer∣santur, [ 40] Nobis{que} Serenissimo Imperatori iuramentum exosculatione vinifici Baptismatis praestitum vio∣lant. Quare quosdam eorum iam etiam propterea Deus Omnipotens, iusto suo iudicio, ex hac vita su∣stulit, & punijt: quosdam verò, eius atrocissima vindicta expectat, nisi à sua contumacia conuersi, apud nos, Magnos Imperatores suos, culpam quamprimum supplices deprecentur. Insuper, omnibus vobis in vniuersum sciendum est, quod ij, qui ad nos Magnos Imperatores suos, & nostram misericordiam, a∣sylum{que} confugerint, ijs secundum magnum affectum nostrum Imperatorium, miserebimur: paenis re∣missis condonabimus omnia, & in tutelam eosdem nostrum recipiemus.

Sacrosanctam quo{que} Religionem vestram Legis Gracae permittimus, earum{que} secundum constitutiones Patrum Sanctorum, tuebimur, in nullo puncto violandam, & immutandam. Et vniuersam vener abi∣lium Patrum, Ministror••m Dei Confessariorum vestrorum Coronam, debito in honore sumus habituri. [ 50] Heroes, Aulicos, & cuiuscun{que} sortis alios deligere, promouere, patriam possessionem, pecunialem, aliam∣que omnem prouisionem, à nemine abalienando: sed suum vnicuique attribuere promittimus, secundum antiquam consuetudinem: & insuper nostra Imperatoria prouisione, vnumquem{que} secundum ipsius digni∣tatem, & merita promouere. Qui autem in malitia, & cont••macia sua perseuerare non cessabunt, ij, Deum Opt. Max. & ••astissiman eius Genitricem, strictissimo illos glad••o punituros certo sciant: & nostrum Imperatorium beneuolum, animum, in iram, & vindictam mutatum experientur. Non vult e∣nim Deus Omnipotens, vt, ob▪ malitiam, & contumaciam Rebellium, innocentium vlterius sanguis ef∣fundatur, Templa Dei spolientur, & gloria sancti Nominis e••us, magis, ac magis deprimatur. Vos omnes, apud animum vestrum diligentius perpendite, & his, qui adhus nobis tergiuer santur renunciate, vt animo mutato, ad veritatis agnitionem redeant, & seditiosos, & pacis publicae diremptores re∣liquant.

[ 60]

Iam vero, ad quas Arces, & Ciuitates, hae literae nostrae peruenerint, Mandamus, vt eorum Capita∣nei, & Tenutarij, omnia ad victum necessaria, & pecuniam colligant, in paratis{que} habeant, ad nostrum aduentum. Interea Exercitus sacrae Regiae Maiestatis, Domini Parentis nostri, nostri{que} proprij, ne vl∣lum detrimentum patiantur, sed vna in fraterno amore, quoad venerimus, viuatis, Et donec Opt. Max.

ex mera gratia sua, nostra{que} Imperatorium cura, & diligentia, toto Imperio Moscouitico fir∣mato, & restaurato, vobis petiri concesserit.

Dabantur Varsourae, Anno Domini 1612. 9. die Martij.

The points of the Embassage of the Russian Messenger sent to his sacred Maiestie, briefly collected.

[ 10]

* 1.6BY what manner their naturall Lords ruled ouer them, they alleaged, to wit, beginning from Bor••k, who was of the bloud of Augustus Caesar, Emperour of Rome, euen vnto the last Lord and Emperour Pheodor Euanowich,* 1.7 in whom their Race ceased.

That Boris Godonoue abiding with Pheodor Euanowich, was created (by his owne force and power) Emperour or Lord: but after a little time, the pleasure of God so working, being thrust∣out of the Imperiall seate, departed this life shamefully, and by violent death, together with his Wife and Children.

* 1.8That Christophorus Otropitij the Rostrige, being of base descent, vnder the Name which he did beare of Emperour, otherwise Demetrij Euanowich, slaine at Owglets, did fraudulently and by de∣ceit (wherewith he deceiued the common people, and others that beleeued them) obtaine the Imperiall Seate by force, without the consent of the Spiritualtie, and all the chiefe Bishops and Lords, and great men of the Kingdome, who durst not withstand the same, seeing the Com∣mons [ 20] to yeeld thereunto.

* 1.9How the excellent Lord Palatin of Sandomire, gaue his daughter in marriage to the Rostrige, and himselfe (many Gentlemen both of the Kingdome of Poland, and great Duchy of Litow, ac∣companying him) came into Moscouia.

* 1.10Then, that Vasili Euanowich Suiskey, with his brethren, and many others associated to this at∣tempt, and stirring vp other great men of the Land, did kill the Rostrige, with many Gentle∣men of Poland, and the great Duchy of Litow, and put the rest into diuers Castles. And himselfe was made Emperour, although he were not elected by all the States. Whereupon many of our sort did not willingly acknowledge him Emperour, and many would not obey him. [ 30]

* 1.11How another named the Wor, did rise vp at Kalusia, and caused himselfe to bee named Deme∣trij, and so accounted. Whereof when many (both Russes and Poles) heard, they assembled vnto him, thinking him to be the true Demetrij: and the Russes did so much the more willingly draw vnto him, because of the murtherers.

* 1.12How others called Wors, did name and call themselues sonnes of the slaine Emperour, as Iuan, Peter, Pheodor, and by many and diuers other names: and vnder the same names, did consume the State, and shead much bloud.

How the Kings sacred Maiestie, comming to S••olensko, sent his Messengers the Lord of Prae∣mislaue,* 1.13 and other noble men, who comming vnto the Campe, the forenamed Wors fled away: but diuers of the Russes came vnto his Maiestie. And taking counsell with the Boiarins, at that [ 40] time remayning with Suiskey in the chiefe Citie, we sent our Messengers to his Maiestie at that time, being at Smolensko, viz. Michael Salticoue, and others, requesting that his Maiestie would grant vs his Sonne to be our Lord.* 1.14

How they were dispatched away, and what answere they brought from his Maiestie, with conditions engrossed, and signed with his hand and seale.

* 1.15How that after the deposing of Suiskey, the noble Lord Generall of the Kingdome, comming into Moscouia, concluded all the said businesses and treaties: and confirmed them with the oath of himselfe, and his fellow Souldiers. And that they after that oath, likewise made their oath for the same. Then, that for the greater defence of the said principall Citie from the Wors, they sent Souldiers into the Citie, and sent also their Messengers from the whole Countrie Fidareta, [ 50] the Metropolitan and Vasili Galichin,* 1.16 with others, vnto the Kings Maiestie, and required an oath in his Maiesties behalfe, of all the seuerall Prouinces.

How that his Maiesties Souldiers dwelled and behaued themselues in this capitall Citie of Mosco, before the troubles began, without iniuring any man, punishing the euill according to their deserts.

How the Boiarins handled other Gentlemen, and principall persons of the Russe Religion, although more inclined vnto them: but especially the Officers and Seruants of the Wors, as also such as had fled ouer.

It followeth, how they often sent word vnto the Citie of Smolensko, and willed them to de∣liuer vp the Citie vnto his Maiestie, to bee vnder his prosperous gouernment and power. As for the secret plots of their Messengers,* 1.17 Galechin and others, they said, they were ignorant, as also [ 60] of some vnknowne practises, handled with the Wor called Halusin. But they said, that they had written very often to the Citie of Smolensko,* 1.18 and commanded them to doe whatsoeuer stood with his Maiesties pleasure, and liked him, without further effusion of bloud.

How also it befell in the chiefe Citie to Lepun, and Sa••usky, and the other Rebels,* 1.19 when they violated their fidelitie.

That they certified his Maiesties Souldiers thereof, and that they, with them, did rise a∣gainst the Rebels, and that euen to this present, they doe keepe, and will keepe their oath once made, and their due obedience vnto their Lord.

And, in that Lepun was punished of God for his treacherie, and departed this life with so shamefull a death, wee thinke it to bee for the good example of others, to reduce them into their former estate, to reuoke others vnto their fidelitie, and for keeping their oath alrea∣die giuen.

Therefore, after many circumstances, they inferred, that they would presently send their [ 10] Messengers to the generall Parliament: but mooued with the perswasion of the honorable Lord Generall, to wit, that his Maiestie would bee contented with their fidelitie once made, and performed vnder oath, and with their griefe for the same cause, and will cheerefully forgiue them: and doth not refuse to giue his Sonne to raigne ouer them. Adding withall, that many Kingdomes, to wit, the Kingdome of Hungarie, the Kingdome of Bohemia, and a great part of Russia, doe earnestly request, that he would receiue them vnder the happy gouernment of his Maiestie: that they might enioy the priuiledges of Poland, and Litow, to which, none in the whole world can be compared.

But, because his Excellent Maiestie, as a Christian Lord, reiecting all other Kingdomes, and Dominions, will graciously receiue vnder his Rule and gouernment the said Dominions, [ 20] and that he is sorry for their destruction: he therefore now admonisheth them, if they will bee vnder his prosperous Rule, and enter into an vnion together with the Kingdome of Poland, and the great Duchy of Litow, and liue friendly with them: if they will performe, and consent there∣vnto, His Excellent Maiestie promiseth to remit their offence, and to receiue them vnder his happy gouernment and authoritie, and refuseth,* 1.20 and by no meanes will alter or change their faith and conscience, or places dedicated vnto God, or builded for deuotion: neither will impose on them any other Religion, or alter their ancient Manners, or Customes, but will bestow on them priuiledges and offices: and that the Rights and Priuiledges, which the Poles, with the great Duchy of Litow doe enioy, shall be conferred on them: and that they shall be equalled with the [ 30] Kingdome and great Duchy of Litow, &c. which iurisdictions and priuiledges, in former times, their Predecessors wanted.

For this perswasion therefore of the honourable Lord Generall, which he had in charge from his Maiestie to make, they yeeld all thankes: but notwithstanding they propound, and plainly adde, that their oath shall be so, that his Maiesties sonne shall succeed in their gouernment, with certaine additions, to wit, that they will haue none other ouer them but onely his Maiesties sonne, and that the whole Land doth make it knowne, and propound their iudgement and sen∣tence, by way of denunciation, that by no meanes, but by offering his Maiesties sonne, these troubles of Moscouia can be extinguished. Adding withall, that at that time, in the first trou∣bles, when the honourable Lord Generall came into the Country of Moscouia, and required the [ 40] oath for the Kings Maiesties sonne: if his Maiestie had made any mention thereof, it is certaine, that the Commons and all the Nobilitie, would not haue consented thereunto by any meanes, and that greater effusion of bloud had risen thereupon: And that they had taken for their Prince Klutzinsky, called the Wor, to whom all were not assembled, who also at that time had a great power of men, as well of Poles, as Russes and Litowes.* 1.21 They therefore seeing the great discord amongst the people, taking counsell, did freely choose for their Lord and Emperour his Excel∣lent Maiesties sonne, vnto whom they had a great affection, and who had a long time before layen in their hearts: assuring themselues also, that by this election of his Maiesties sonne, many troubles and dissentions would be pacified, and so reiected the aforesaid Wor Klutzinsky: As al∣so they receiued into their chiefe Citie the chiefe Generall. But, when it was heard that his Ex∣cellent Maiestie, would by no meanes giue vnto them his sonne for their Lord, and to rule ouer [ 50] them, they fell into such effusion of bloud and insurrections, As also the same time, the whole Country of Moscouia looked and expected nothing else then his Maiesties sonne. Calling to memorie, for their better aduice, that it was to be feared, least whilest his Maiestie came too late with his sonne, diuers parts of the Land should choose vnto themselues seuerall Lords. As to the Southward the Castles Strachen and others, to the King of Persia;* 1.22 part of Pomerland and Si∣beria, to the Kings of Denmarke and England; Nouogrod, Plesco▪ Iuanogrod, and others, to the King of Sweden: and that the other Cities would choose to themselues other Lords separate from the rest. In the meane season, they desire his Excellent Maiestie, to make a speedy end of these warres, according to his Obligation and promise ratified by the oath of the honorable Lord Ge∣nerall, [ 60] and the whole Armie: and that his Maiestie himselfe, with his sonne, would come into Moscouia. They request also, that his Excellent Maiestie would retayne with himselfe and his Sonne, Counsellors, and Messengers of their Commonwealth, for the ordayning and concluding of perpetuall Conditions. They request also, that his Maiestie, in the name of his Sonne, would send vnto all the Inhabitants of the Townes, and write vnto the seuerall Cities, signifying his

comming into their Dominions, and willing, that out of the seuerall Prouinces, all sorts of men send their Messengers, to treate and conclude of the affaires of all sorts of People, and of pe••petuall tranquillitie. Promising after the said Charge and Letters to all people in generall, and notifying from their said Lord, that (by Gods grace) there may bee throughout the whole Land of Moscouia, tranquillitie, peace, and securitie.

To conclude, they pray heartily vnto the Lord God, to grant vnto his Maiestie in this busi∣nesse begun, a prosperous and speedy end.

* 1.23Thus haue wee seene dissolute resolutions, or resolute dissolutenesse, men onely constant in inconstancy, resolued vpon irresolution. As we often see sicke persons turning euery way, and no way eased; in the night time longing for day, and in the day for night; such was now the Russian sicknesse, they would and they would not, and yet would againe, and againe would [ 10] not, they scarsly knew what or why; fluctuating in an inward storme of diuersifyed hopes, feares, desires, distracted affections, no lesse then in that outward broile of State. For it was not long that they looked toward Poland, whether for breach of conditions of that part, or out of inueterate hate to the Pole, or their Nationall iealousie and distrust of Strangers, or a naturall inconstancy; they fell off from that Prince: and their Chancellor (Father to the now raign∣ing Emperour) employed there with others in Embassage) were detayned thereupon priso∣ners. It is also reported that they made secret ouertures to His Maiestie of Great Britaine, and that Sir Iohn Merick and Sir Willam Russel were therein employed: but the strong conuulsions and sharpe agues and agonies of that State could not, or would not endure the lingring of such [ 20] remote p••isicke; the wheele of Things being whirled about before such a Treatie might ad∣mit a passage of Messengers to and fro. Once that Russian Head grew so heady and giddy, that at last it bred innumerable Heads,* 1.24 yea the whole Body became Heads in the worst of tyran∣nies, a popular (gouernment shall I say? or) confusion. Neither were Hydras heads (mon∣strously multiplying two for each cut off) like this: for besides so many Wor's after the first and second Demetrius (which might make vp that comparison) each limbe, nay almost each haire of this Hydra (not the Nobles alone, but the basest which had nothing but themselues, and were nothing but Numbers) became so many prodigious Heads; they also like Pharaohs leane kine deuouring the fat, and vpon light pretences beheading themselues in cutting off the heads and nobler Persons amongst them. [ 30]

* 1.25When they had thus made away almost all the Grandes, and left the South parts to the spoile of the Poles, which once againe were drawing neere to Mosco to besiege it; the Poles also suf∣fered some disaster, their Souldiers mutinying for want of pay, and banding themselues to re∣turne into Poland, there inuaded the Mints and Custome-houses, and some gouernments, de∣tayning them for their pay; sending also threatning Letters to diuers Cities and Townes, for∣ced diuers Nobles and Plebeians to composition. The Turkes and Tartars brake likewise into Walachia, Moldauia and Polonia, so that Zolkiewsky or Sulcosky the Generall was forced to goe against them, of whom he made so great a slaughter, that the Great Turke committed the Po∣lake Embassadour at Constantinople to Ward, and threatned the Poles with inuasion. These mu∣tinous Souldiers continued meane while that and the next yeere to spoile Poland, doing much [ 40] damage to the King and the Bishops, challenging many millions due, as they said, for pay. Yea they passed further into Prussia, and made spoile in euery place, on the eight of Nouember 1613. passing with a great prey to Thorn, being parted into three Bands, the Sapians, the Sbo∣rouians, and Smolenskians. Another companie of them terrified Silesia. The Tartars likewise made impression and committed great spoile in Podolia.

* 1.26Thus an Armie diuided could not conquer, nor so vtterly exterminate Russia as otherwise op∣portunity was offered: the Pole Souldiers being herein like angry Elephants which sometime recoyle vpon their owne troupes and doe more spoyle then the enemy could either haue effected or expected. But whiles the Inuaders were thus inuaded, the Russes were forward to worke those executions on themselues, which their enemies could haue wished to them; till at last a∣wakened with the horrour of their owne euils, some began to thinke of a better course. In the [ 50] North about the Dwina, a bold fellow, a Butcher, rayling at the Nobilities basenesse, and the Officers corruptions,* 1.27 said, if they would choose a good Treasurer and pay Souldiers well, they might haue those which would fight and expell the Poles their Enemies: prouided, that they would first choose a worthy Generall, for which place he recommended to them a poore may∣med Gentleman, called Pozarsky, who had done good seruice, but being neglected, now had re∣tyred himselfe not farre off.* 1.28 The multitude approued the Butchers counsell, and chose Pozars∣ky for their Leader, and that Butcher for a Treasurer, deliuering into his hands what money they had, which he so faithfully disbursed, Pozarsky also discharging so well the trust reposed, that a great Army was gathered, and the siege of Musco thereby raysed. And joyning with Knes Demetry Mastroukswich (a kind of Tartar which commanded an Army of Cossaks in ser∣uice [ 60] of the Russe) they ••ell in consultation with Boris Liciu,* 1.29 the third Great Souldier of that Countrey, vpon choice of an Emperour. Their mindes herein disagreeing (some naming one, some another) some named Mastroukswich himselfe, other for further securitie against the Poles,

and to recompence the sufferings and imprisonment of the Russian Chancellor in Poland, named his young Sonne Micallowich,* 1.30 vnder whose Empire (hauing a good Councell appointed) they might liue happily. This was first approued by the Cossaks, and then by the other Armies, the Butcher also was taken to become a Counsellor, and those three Leaders aforesaid were made Militarie Commanders for the present Emperour against the Poles. Embassadours also were sent to diuers Princes to mediate betwixt them and the Pole, and betwixt them and the Sweden; and by his Majestie of Great Brittaine (whom God long preserue to reigne ouer vs) his counte∣nance and intercession, there hath beene some agreement,* 1.31 and the young Emperour hath setled his Domm••ons in peace, making at last a truce for fourteene yeeres with the Poles, obtayning [ 10] also in that Treatie his Father the Chancellour his libertie and returne out of Poland, who since is consecrated Patriarke of Russia.

His Embassadour to the Emperour came to Lintz in December 1613. and thence was con∣ueighed by the Emperours Officers to the Court, where hee had solemne audience, where after rich presents of Furres and his Letters, he deliuered his speech,* 1.32 that Michael Phedorowich was now by vnanimous consent aduanced to the Russian Empire, and willing to entertayne and con∣tinue the ancient confederacie betwixt both Empires: desiring the Imperiall Majestie to dehort the Pole from his vniust attempts, to deliuer the Russe Captiues, and not againe to infest the reco∣uered Musco, but to enter into peace, and abstayne from Christian bloudshed. Likewise to send an Embassadour to his Court, &c. This mediation Caesar promised, and gaue the Embassadour [ 20] liberall entertainment, and gentle dispatch.

Not long after in May 1614. the Russian Embassadour had audience with the States of the Vnited Prouinces at Hage; and before that in England. I was present both at his arriuall at Grauesend, and his honourable entertaynment into London, and saw him also presently after the running at Tilt and White-hall, the foure and twentieth of March, admitted to his Maie∣sties presence, performing that Russian Rite of bowing with his face downe to or neere the ground, &c.

Anno 1615. The Turkish Embassador treated with the Caesarean Majestie about the mediati∣on betwixt the Pole and the Muscouite, who employed to that purpose Erasmus Heidel and the Baron of Dohn. The Pole notwithstanding sent an Army in his Sonnes challenge (who was [ 30] shortly to follow to Smolensko) into Muscouia; Pontus Tellagard the Sweden Commander infe∣sting also the Russians at the same time. But the next yeere 1616. Sir Iohn Merike Knight,* 1.33 a man of great experience in those Northerne parts, was employed his Majesties Embassadour to negotiate betwixt those two Great Princes, the Moscouite and the Sweden, the Articles of whose composition I obtayned by the mediation of Sir Thomas Smith (my ancient Benefactor in this kind) and haue here communicated to thee, but in another Chapiter as being now past our Tra∣gicke Thunders: as also the following Russe-China Newes, that you may see not only the face of Russia washed from her bloudy pollutions, but her hands further then euer extended (fortunate in treaty of Commerce) as far as China: likewise the Russe Patent to the English. Sweet is the name of Peace, and the thing it selfe a Heauen vpon Earth. BLESSED ARE THE PEACEMA∣KERS [ 40] (His Maiesties word else-where, here his deed) for they shall be called (said the only begot∣ten Son) the Children of God; euen the God of peace will make them his heires of Heauen, which (models of Deity) seeke to establish the peace of God vpon Earth. And let it not seeme tedious here to present these His Majesties Trauels, amongst our other Trauellers, but in a more glorious manner (l••ker to God vnmoueable which moueth all things) who hath not only been our Sunne, and with lightsome heate and influence filled our Brittish Hemisphere, but hath dispersed his bright rayes of Light, and warmed with sweet quickning beames of heat, those remoter frozen Climates of Sweden and Russia, (not to mention, or but to mention the quarrels of Denmarke and Sweden) and after their long frostie Night (such is the nature, such was the state of those States) to reduce the faire day-light of Peace, the warmth whereof hath thawed the Icie hardned hearts [ 50] of Enmity, and filled all things with sweets, and cheere of a returning Spring. Nulla salus bello, pacem te poscimus omnes.

[ 60]

Notes

• * 1.1

  Dan. 2. & 7. & 8 Ap. 12.3. & 13.1, 2. & 17.1. Iud. 17.6. & 18.1. & 19.1. & 21.25.
• * 1.2

  Iud. 9. Popular go∣u••••nment in Russia.
• * 1.3

  Demetrius supposititius secundus.
• * 1.4

  Demetrij primi 〈…〉〈…〉. Pala∣••••••filia.
• * 1.5

  De Baptismo repetendo.
• * 1.6

  Ru••eck.
• * 1.7

  Pheodor Euano∣wich. Boris Godonoue.
• * 1.8

  Gregorij Eutro∣pio, Rostrige. Demetrij Eua∣nowich. Primates.
• * 1.9

  Lord Palatin of Sandomire.
• * 1.10

  Vasili Euano∣wich Suiskey.
• * 1.11

  The Wor. Coluga.
• * 1.12

  Other Wors, or pretenders, I∣uan, Peter, Pheodor.
• * 1.13

  The King of Poland.

  The Lord of Praemislaue.
• * 1.14

  Michael Salti∣coue.
• * 1.15

  The Articles are before in Latin.
• * 1.16

  Vasili Galichin.
• * 1.17

  Galechin.
• * 1.18

  Halusia a Wor or Pretender.
• * 1.19

  Lepun. Saruski.
• * 1.20

  The King as∣sents.
• * 1.21

  Klutzinsky a Wor or Preten∣der, acknow∣ledged Empe∣rour.
• * 1.22

  Astracan. Lapland••
• * 1.23

  Russian incon∣stancy.
• * 1.24

  Many-headed body.
• * 1.25

  Ianson. A. 1612.
• * 1.26

  Gods proui∣dence permits not the vtter ruine of Russia.
• * 1.27

  Strange altera∣tion of affaires by a Butcher.
• * 1.28

  Pozarsky cho∣sen Generall, and a Butcher Treasurer.
• * 1.29

  Boris Liciu.
• * 1.30

  Micalowich Son to the Chancellor chosen.
• * 1.31

  Our Kings me∣diation.

  His Fathers returne and Patriarkship.
• * 1.32

  Ianson.
• * 1.33

  Sir I. Merikes negotiation. Sir Dudley Digs was also sent Embassador in a troublesome time, when he could not with safetie passe vp to Mosco for the enemie, in the first times of Micalowich.