An account of Monsieur De Quesne's late expedition at Chio together with the negotiation of Monsieur Guilleragues, the French ambassadour at the port / in a letter written by an officer of the Grand Vizir's to a pacha ; translated into English.

A LETTER FROM One of the Principal Officers of the GRAND VIZIR, Written to a PACHA, Concerning the Business of Monsieur Guilleragues.

HAVING prostrated my Face to the Ground, and being Rub'd with the dust of the Feet of my very good and hap∣py Lord; to whom God will grant a prosperous End: I shall give him an Account of what hath Arrived to the Glory of our most Invincible Emperour, King of Kings, Mehemet Khan; to whom the Divine Bounty will subject all the Countries of Infidels, to place him at last in Paradice, with his Glorious Ancestors.

You know, my most fortunate Lord, that the French Infidels, whom God will Extirpate; a restless People, being never quiet, came to Chio, under the Command of an Old Captain, in a brave Gal∣lion, Guarded by five or six others, where they Fired during four or five hours on the Vessels of Tripoly in Barbary: They also da∣maged

the Fortress and the Mosques; nor had they then ceased, but that the Cannon of the Faithful (with Bodies of Brass, and Wings of Draggons Vomiting Flames and Bullets) accomplish't upon them this Expression of the Noble Scriptures; He threw Fear into their hearts.

Terror having in this manner seized on these Accursed; to whom Hell must be the last Stage; they were no longer able to use open Force; yet ceased not however to keep their Station before the Port of Chio, stopping all Merchant Ships that brought assistance to the Tripolines; there sayling up and down like Mad-men, making mighty Threats. But their Brains seemed to be more settled, when the Capoudan Pacha, absolute Lieutenant to the Emperor of the se∣ven Climates, over the Seas of this vast World, had honoured the Rode of Chio, by bringing thither the Galleys of the Emperour of the Earth, whose Glory shall be perpetual.

This Soveraign of the Seas, whom God will always favour with Winds and Happiness; for the propagation of Muslemanisme, and the Grandure of the Invincible Rewarder our Master, had no sooner stopt his Conquering and Formidable Course, by casting Anchor, but the French Admiral (that the end of his days which are not far off might be happy) sent one of his principal and most trusty Captains, to deliver his Submissions and Respects, as well as to dis∣course him of some important Affairs; and to assure him, of his desires to do nothing that might make the least breach of their Amity, which had for more then one Age been Establish'd, between the Great and Sovereign Emperor of the habitable World; and the Greatest Emperor of all the Potentates of the belief of the Messia; to whom be Salvation.

This Ambassador, an able Man, and worthy so fair an Imploy∣ment, having rub'd his Face on the Vest of the Lieutenant Sove∣reign of the Sea; and well acquitted himself of his Commission, appeared not at all astonish'd, when after the welcome of the Safa Gueldy, pronounced with that gravity and decency, peculiar to him, and which makes him be obeyed by Sea; he heard these words: What sign of Amity dost thou bring us, to have rashly affronted the Mosques, where we Adore the great God of Heaven and Earth, without giving him Companions, or defacing his Worship by Idola∣try: And where is the proofs of that Respect you boast? Is it to

have Fired on the Fortress of the Emperor, refuge to the Princes of the World? You may perhaps be able to batter down a corner or two; but God by the Faith of Abraham, which we defend, and from whom we draw our Original, can from those tumbling Stones raise many Thousand invincible Defenders. Tell thy Commander, I advise him as a Friend to have recourse to the Imperial Clemency, by procuring the French Ambassador to supplicate for him at the Port of Felicity.

The Christian Captain Accused the Tripolines of all the misfor∣tune, who being Enemies to the French, violated on their Merchants the surety of the Capitulations. Then promising to consider of the Advice had been given him, he intreated the Capoudan Pacha to Negotiate at the Port, as well concerning those of Barbary, and the damage at Chio, as about the Audience of Monsieur Guilleragues; desiring him besides, to dispose the Tripolines to make Peace.

During this, the Grand Vizir (who is the Rule and Order of the World, and who can fully finish all Causes, to whom God perpetuate his Grandure, and redouble his Power) was in dispute with the French Ambassador about the Sofa; it being the Grand Dowanier that Conducted that Affair, who likewise serv'd himself of other Persons therein, which were the French Interpreters: It being be∣low the Dignity of the Emperour of the World, that one of his con∣siderable Officers should go to an Ambassador, unless it were to con∣clude a business.

It was a long time, that this Mediator had amused the Ambassa∣dor, by sending him Discourses, that the second generally destroyed the first; repairing those again, perhaps by a third, which just sig∣nified nothing: Sometimes the Interpreters would tell him, That the Dowanier saluted him, and said, he had good hopes: The next time they would bring him word, That he appeared Shagrin, thô he failed not to salute him; and perhaps might have some particu∣lar Affair of his own that disquieted him; but that he had too in∣sinuated, that the Ambassador did himself no good Office by being so Obstinate in the Point of the Sofa; for that Kieupruli the Father proceeded as the Vizir pretends: And though Kieupruli the Son did give the Sofa during his latter time, it was at Constantinople, where he was in a manner Incognito; and not at Adrianople, where indeed there is no Sofa in the Chamber of Audience: Another day

would bring him news, That the Dowanier appeared very merry, and did not cease his indeavours, but returned him thanks too for the Wine he sent him daily.

He likewise sent his Interpreters to the * Kaihaia of the Vizir and the Lord of the Clerks, who bid them Salute the Ambassador on their parts, and assure him, they took pains for him; saying too, That the Dowanier was his sure Friend, as well as themselves.

The Interpreters coming another time from these Officers, would tell the Ambassador, that they could not yet find a proper time to speak to the Vizir, because that Minister is ever busied about the great Affairs of the World; which tumble in upon him every mo∣ment of the day; sometimes like the Waves of the Sea, assaulting him with fury; but are by him resisted, and drove back, as by an unshaken Rock, surmounting all difficulties by his Grand Genius, which penetrates and resolves, with ease, the most Mysterious and Doubtful Matters: That it was necessary, great Affairs should pre∣cede small ones, and that this of the Ambassadors, would have its time; for which he should not be impatient.

The Ambassadour knock't too at other Doors, as at that of the Chief Gardiners; who likewise amused him, and found his account in this Negotiation: He attempted the Mediation of the most Illu∣strious Kaimmakam, formerly Kahaia or Chief Secretary to the Sovereign Vizir, who appeared with a frowning Countenance to the Interpreters, with difficulty permitting them the Honor to kiss the bottom of his Vest, and deliver the Complement of their Ma∣ster; which when he heard, appearing astonish't, though he knew all the business before: How! saith he, have you not yet finish't this matter? On what can you think, that you make not your Am∣bassador resolve? He cannot of himself be so Obstinate; it must be you that give him ill Counsel, contrary to your own proper know∣ledge; for you cannot be ignorant, how things have past, at for∣mer Audiences: beware of your heads. They excus'd themselves by saying, Their Master was resolved rather to dye, then be wanting to the Orders of the Emperor of France: And that for themselves, they were only poor Interpreters, always ready to receive the high Commands of the Sublime Port; and to report back, the most hum∣ble Reasons of their Ambassador; to whom they would most faith∣fully Relate what it pleased the most Illustrious Kaimmakam to

Command them, who stroking his Beard brought it together; then pulling it a little, and casting down his Eyes, as if he were think∣ing, Very well, says he, Salute the Lord Ambassador on my part; bid him be Obstinate no longer, for it is not his best way of Serving the Emperor of France.

They were forced to return to the Kehaia of the Vizir and the Reiseffend, who told them they had spoken to their Master in Fa∣vour of the Ambassador, (God knows in what manner,) and that his Answer was, He would speak to the Sultan Emperor of the World; the Issue whereof they expected with good hopes.

The Interpreter of the Port of Felicity was moved in it too, who Imployed all his Eloquence to ingage the prudence of the Ambas∣sador, to take the best course; assuring him there was no better then to yield; for in giving satisfaction to the Vizir in this, he would oblidge a Lord, able to return it a hundred times double in other occa∣sions. One could make the Ambassie of Monsieur Guilleragues Glorious, so as to deface the Memory of all his Predecessors: In fine, this was no longer the business of the Grand Vizir, but the Sultans.

The return again to the Kehaia and Reiseffend, who told them their Master had not yet spoke to his Highness; The Clerks too sent some Complements to the Ambassador; from whom one of his In∣terpreters came one day to tell him, as a thing had been Communi∣cated in good Will: That if he would relax his pretence to the Sofa in all other things, he would have more honour then he could de∣sire. Sometimes the Interpreters told the Ambassador, that having been delivering the Petitions to the Grand Vizir, concerning the or∣dinary Affairs, they had been well received by him, who had asked News of their Master, and made some advances, which seem'd De∣monstrations of plain dealing: So that if things were not ended be∣fore his going to Adrianople, all would be agreed at his return. In fine, my most Honoured Lord, whilst this Affair remained int he Clouds of Retardment, even after the Vizir's return, we had the news of what had past at Chio.

The Grand Vizir was in a Rage, but as his great Soul never yields to the extreamest difficulties, so it submitted not at all to this, which was but of the middle ones: He expos'd it at the Foot of the Throne, of the Soveraign Master of the World, where having pro∣strated

himself, and received his Orders, he returned to his House, and sent for the Grand Dowanier, Commanding him to let the French Ambassador be told, That it was no longer his business (at least at present) to dispute the Sofa, but to repair the Mischiefs done at Chio, as well to the Mosques, as Fortress; and to try by all manner of Submissions to obtain a Pardon From the King of Kings, for that Action: And that in the first place he should begin by a Letter to the French Admiral concerning what he had done; and to Command him to do no more, nor come nearer Constantinople, till they tryed to obtain his Pardon: For if not, the Sultan would let loose his just In∣dignation, and stop his Ears to Mercy, to the utter Destruction of him the Ambassador and the whole French Nation: That they knew he had exceeded his Orders; The Emperor of France being too great an Emperor, too Just, and too Good a Friend to Command an Enterprise so contrary to the Antient Amity.

The Dowanier Replyed, That the Head of our Invincible Master, and yours, may be at Repose; I dare answer for the Embassador in this: I can oblige him to submit to any thing you please: If he make some seeming Resistance, it will only be for Form-Sake. He hath no desire to Ingage himself in any thing may put him out of his Imployment: He is for getting of Money, as his Profession, and manner of Living demonstrate; and has been here too small a time, to desire to be gone so fast.

These words were not given in vain, for the Embassador writ di∣vers times to the Admiral, who thereupon remained without doing any thing, like a Lyon bound in Chains; These Letters were full of real Fear, and perfect Terror lest his doing more, might displease the Sultan in the least. But to hasten things the Embassador went himself to the Kehaia of the Grand Vizir, who made him thorough∣ly sensible of the mighty Crime the French Admiral had Com∣mitted, able to overturn the whole Negotiation, and reduce into Captivity all the French within the Ottoman Empire; was there not some reason to hope that he as a Prudent Ambassador, would pro∣cure Mercy, and Forgiveness from the most happy and most Invin∣cible Emperor of the Earth. The Ambassador would have defend∣ed himself, by pretending that nothing past at Chio, could in the least be interpreted to intend a Breach of the Antient Amity: That if they had Fired on the Fortress, and hurt some Houses, it was but

by accident, and in a Just defence: since those from thence, had first Fired on the Ships, belonging to the Emperor of France. That this Storm of the Just Indignation of his Master, had been restrained for a long time by his Natural Moderation; but must at last, by Gods permis∣sion, fall upon the heads of those Thieves, Rebels to the Grand Seignior himself; The Trippolins unworthy to injoy the Protection of his Highness; They who had taken the Merchants Goods and Vessels of the French, entring the Ports of the Ottoman Empire; Nay, in the very Ports themselves, and under the Command of the Sul∣tans Forts. That these Pirates only were responsible for all preten∣ded Damage, since only they were true occasions of it.

But the Kehaia made answer to the Ambassador, Let us seperate the Tripolins from the injury done to the Sultan, they are your Ene∣mies I allow: But the Emperor of the World, is he your Enemy? Doth he not give you daily convincing proofs of the contrary, by his Imperial benefits? You are you say, carried on by the Force and heat of a Just vengeance to persue your Enemies: But on the other side, could not the Respect due to the King of Kings, our invincible Master, who had protected the Tripolins under his Forts, stop it? was there no middle way to be found, as well to preserve the Sub∣missions due to the Soveraign of the World, who has the Universe in his Guard; As likewise to prevent the escape of your Enemies? There appears to me one, very easy, persues the Kehaia, which is to have kept the Tripolins Besieged, till you had sent to the Port of Felicity, to Implore the High and Sublime Justice against them: Then had that been refused, there had been some pretence of Rea∣son perhaps, for coming to that extremity you have done. The Am∣bassador strove to support himself by many weak reasons; And tho' he often protested he had something Essential to offer: All he could say appeared meer Amusements, which obliged the Kehaia, to stop his Mouth, with these words.

The Emperor of France, which we distinguish Infinitely beyond other Potontates, as the most Powerful, best Born, and ancienest Friend to the Port of Felicity, the end of whose days be happy, who surpasses all his Ancestors in Strength, Wisdom, and every sort of Merit; and who is formidable to all Christendom: Would he take it well, if we should do to him, as his Admiral hath done, to the true Kalisé, or Successor, to the greatest of all the Prophets: the

Sultan Elbarrein, and Khaijan, and Bahrein, King of the two Conti∣nents, and Emperor of the two Seas, the Cayzar Cezar, the Distribu∣ter of the Crowns of Cozroes. To whom God perpetuate his Gran∣dure, to the very day of Judgement.

If one of our Invincible Armies (as Numerous as the Sands in the Sea) should Attaque our Enemies, under one of your Masters Forts, what would he say? What Complaints had he not reason to make? Is it not known, that the Commander of our Galleyes, let escape from his Fury, the Ships of the Enemies of Cheincha, King of Kings, because they took Sanctuary, under the Standard of Padicha, Em∣peror of France? And was it not done as it should be? Could I, Lord Ambassador, produce a more pertinent Example? But yet take another, that may guide you to take right measures, in seriously thinking, how to conclude this, and to bring your self out of the present danger: We have heard by certain Confus'd reports, That some Souldiers, belonging to a Spanish Garrison in Flanders (a Land of Vices) Incouraged by the strength of the Place, which they thought Impregnable, had grown so Insolently Foolish, as to go forth like Furies, Meriting Hell, to Attaque and Rob some French Souldiers, immediately Retiring with their Booty, into that Cen∣ter of their Cowardice; much mistaken in thinking they were there Safe: For the Emperor of France, resolving that this Injury, which hurt the Peace should be repaired: Reserved the Conquest of the Place, whence it was done, to another time; It being not yet pre∣destinated to be his: Therefore remaining Embarrast in the Clouds of certain delays, he contented himself, that they should make amends for the Rashness of these Madmen, undoubted Limbs of the Devil, by Money. We know, continued the Kehaia, that the Governors of this Country, by Order of their Master, thinking themselves hap∣py, in not seeing Roll in upon them, the mighty Forces of the Emperor of France, whose very shadows make them Tremble; de∣livered Hostage, and sent the money agreed upon, with Solemn Presents: which he was pleased to accept, not for their Value, but as proofs of their Homage, Submissions, and Reparation they were forced to make: He made this little Sacrifice Considerable by his acceptance, and Imperial Clemency: Here was nothing but a few French Plundered to contest about, but we have the Faithful Kill'd and Wounded, who call for Revenge, and the Holy Stones that de∣mand

it, which are Rent from some of our Mosques: There must be Blood, or Repentance, by Submissions, Exposed to the view of the Publick, or your Person must answer all, and be Lyable to great extremities: Therefore think well of all these Circumstances. Thus ended the Discourse of the Kehaia to the Ambassador, who pretended, that the last example, was not truly Reported: He affirmed that the Emperor of France, always Invincible, never amused himself about trifling Pre∣sents: And that he knew how to make his Enemies, render true Homage, and ever punish't those, that violated his Ami∣ty without a cause, by Fire and Sword; Not forgeting nei∣ther a Generous Clemency, truly Noble, and dissinterested, when he thought it convenient to suppress his Anger. In fine, the Ambassador concluded, That he had no fear for his Per∣son, sufficiently protected by the Power of his Master, and the Right of Nations: Saying, He had nothing to give. The Ke∣haia told him, He had time to think, because the Soveraign Vizir, stayed for the Answer of the Capoudan Pacha, Admiral of the Seas, to know truly how all things past at Chio; Whereupon he would receive the Orders, given at the Fleet of the Soveraign, who pronounces the destiny of the Universe: There upon the Ambassador Retired to his House at Pera.

The most Serene and Illustrious Vizir, who knows how to make use of his Prudence, and his Force, as is most proper, contented himself not to hasten the Matter. His faithful Councellor the Grand Dowanier Negotiated constantly by the usual Persons with the Ambassador, who gave him positive assurances of his yielding; and that he would oblige him to submit, assuring him, he had made the Ambassador sufficiently apprehend a Rupture, as a thing would be of little advan∣tage to the Affairs of France in General, or his own in par∣ticular.

But during these delays, the Capoudon Pacha, obedient to the Orders of the Soveraign Vizir, had entred the Port of Chio, the better to understand the cause of the Disorder; and fully to inform himself of every particular, that he might the soo∣ner Contribute to the Peace he intended: There he was in∣formed the that Cursed Old Admiral of the French, who surely

knows how to live by Air, and takes pleasure to dance on the most Inraged Waves of a Tempestuous Sea; living on them as on the most Firm Ground; and like a perfect Fish values neither Winter nor Summer.

This Man who ceases not to Live, tho' a hundred years Old; and four score of them hath made good provision in the Market, where they Sell Cheats, Tricks, and Fourberies cheap: Took advantage of the Narrow entrance into the Port of Chio. And after having made so many Compliments and Civilities to the Capoudan Pacha, did now intreat him, not to think of stirring out till he had Surrendred the Tripolins, or obliged them to submit. Nay more, this daring Old Man, who seems to forget Death, and yet remains in Life, by the permission of God, meerly to augment his Crimes, the more to Burn in Hell, had the presumption to search several Turk∣ish Galleys. The Capoudan Pacha had not fail'd to go out to punish his Insupportable Insolence, had not the Sea and Season Inconvenient for Galleys prevented it; so he could do no more then give Advice of all, to that High Tribunal whose Founda∣tions are unmovable.

The Grand Vizir whose Angellick understanding knows a perfect remedy for every thing, had no sooner notice of the vain Glory, Presumption and Ill-Built Pride of this Old Com∣mander of the French Galliens, in presuming to keep (as it were Imprisoned) the Admiral and Galleys of the Emperor of the World; but he sent for the Grand Dowanier to debate the Business, between whom it was thought convenient, that the Ambassador should be Frighted; they both being Confident he would yield, rather then expose himself to the Affronts to which Revenge too much Ingaged their Master; and that all the Pride of which he made so great appearance, was only to save his Honour, and preserve a Profitable Imployment.

We now ended the Moon worthy of Blessing, which is that of our Fast of Ramazan; it being the Eve of the Feast of Bai∣ran, which is begun by rendring thanks to God for giving us the Grace to Fast thirty days compleat: The Grand Vizir In∣defatigable in the Obedience he pays, as well to the Great Master of Nature, who has no Companions, as to his Lieute∣nant

on Earth, his most Perfect Image; the Emperor of the Mussulmans, Revenger of the Divine Unity: This Grand Vizir having kept so long a Fast, was come to the thirtieth day, which he had past, without Eating or Drinking, from the Rising of the Sun to its going down: ceased not however to preserve his full Strength and Prudence, of which he gave convincing proofs to the French Ambassador.

He sent for him in the Evening before the Feast of Bairan, just as the Canons ending their Fast, denounced the next days Solemnity; so that he who doth not too well understand our customs arrived at the Grand Vizir's in the midst of that Thun∣der, sufficient to terrifie him, as being the presage of that Rage and Threats, was going to fall upon him. They made him attend above an hour in a Chamber, whilst the Grand Vizir was doing his Devotions; where some mov'd him to ac∣crept his Audience below the Sofa, which he absoutely refused, proposing to remain where he was, or in some other Room, from whence he would answer the Vizir by Message. But this Lieutenant to the Emperor of the World was resolved to di∣scourse him face to face; that he might dart at him, Glances like Lightning from that Majestick Presence, Adorn'd with Eagles Eyes. He placed himself on a Seat prepared on the So∣fa, having first Gravely returned, by an almost Imperceptible declining of his head, the Submissive Reverence the Ambassa∣dor made him: You must know this Christian had but few with him, many not deserving to enter that Place: he was invited to sit below; But having Generously resisted several Motions, something Violent, by which they attempted to Constrain him; and seeming as if he would Revenge by Blows the Force, they desisted: By which he had Liberty to deliver a Letter from the Emperor of France, to the Vizir, concerning the Sofa; It was considered too, that remaining standing as he was, it seem'd to be in a posture more Respect∣full, and readier to obey the Orders he was about to receive: It was then agreed, that the Interpreter of the Port should ex∣plain for the Vizir, and the Ambassadors for him.

The Discourse of the Vizir touched the Grandeur of the Emperor of the Mussulmans, of the respect due to him, of the

Danger to offend him; of the necessity readily to make Satis∣faction for such a Crime: And Lastly, Of the Goodness and Clemency of the Master of the World, willing always to Par∣don those that humble themselves, and repair the Injuries done to his Slaves: Adding these words, It is for thee therefore Estchibeig, as the Surety of the Gadicha of France, thy Master; and Hostage residing at the Soveraign Port of Feli∣city, for confirmation of the Peace, to repair all that weaknes it, during the Embassie. It is for thee then to pay the Dam∣age at Chio, for the death of some Faithful: The Breaches in the Mosques, and the Mischief done to the Cittadel; I demand of thee for this, three hundred and fifty thousand Crowns: And a due Submission to such an Emperor as my Master, who is Protector of the true Belief. This thou must perform or go to the seven Towers, I tell thee as a Friend, thou must obey the Inevitable Doom of the Great Master of the World, pro∣nounced to me, when prostrated as his Slave at the Foot of his Throne, the perfect and bright Resemblance of the Celesti∣al one. The Ambassador by Amusements sought to alter the Vizir's Resolution, alledging the necessity of obeying the Em∣peror of France, who had Commanded his Admiral to persue to Death, the Thieving Tripolins, Enemies to France, and Rebels to the Port; a People unworthy the Protection of his Highness, having Seized the Merchants under the Forts of the Ottoman Empire: And taken the Consul of Cyprus out of his House, where he ought by the Capitulations of Peace to have been safe: He then alledged, that if he was to be consider'd as a Hostage to Answer for what should happen on the Emperor of Frances part; It could only be Intended to relate to things Ordinary, and not to those that were out of his Power, as the business of Chio was: The Circumstances too of which, he say'd, were aggravated: He professed himself troubled, that Chance and a Lawful defence against the Fort, which had first Fired on the Standard of his Master, should produce some Disorder; But protested too that he cou'd promise nothing was demand∣ed for it, and had only power write to France the true State of things, and wait his Answer thence. That as to the Seven Towers, it was easy to send him thither, but it was the way

to make a Rupture: He then declared he would medle no more in any thing, for a Prisoner contrary to the Laws of Na∣tions, was no longer Capable of Negotiating: The Vizir ha∣ving declared he knew nothing of the business of Cyprus, said, they might have Besieged the Tripolins in the Port of Chio without Fyring into it; and that during his Imprisonment, the Commerce should continue, provided there arrived no other Acts of Hostility; telling him too, that other French Ambas∣sadors had been Imprisoned, which the Emperor of France had not taken ill.

The Ambassador Reply'd, That his Master had not foreseen this Accident, which was indeed Morally Impossible he should; that if the same usage had been to some of his Predecessors, it was not totally without cause, as in the Case of Monsieur La Haye, who was Imprisoned, as a Spye for the Venetians: But for himself he had Prerogatives above other Ambassadors, and had been ever Faithful to the Port: That, in fine, He was Am∣bassador of France, and it behov'd them to consider well, be∣fore they did any thing might wrong that Character.

The Grand Vizir demanded Proofs of this great Fidelity he boasted; doth it, saith he, consist in Consederating with the French Admiral? to demean himself as Enemy to the Grand Sultan of the Osmans: And how shall we discern this mighty Prerogative above other Ambassadors, in one who can meer∣ly complain concerning Trifles, with which the Port hath such constant Troubles; and pretends no Power to treat about an Affair of Importance, wherein they had Just cause to complain.

The Ambassador urged, That the business of Cyprus, and many others, concerning which he had delivered Memorials to the Vizirs Officers, were no Trifling matters; and that he had no knowledge of the Orders which the French Admi∣ral had, more then what he had received from him, by Let∣ters. But the Vizir remained firm to his Resolution, repea∣ting to him, Pay or thou goest to Prison: what I say to thee, is nothing but an effect of my Friendship; take time to con∣sider of it, and do thy best, before there happens to thee some great affront. But the Ambassador persisting in the same use∣less

Reasoning; was by the Grand Vizir thus admonished.

It becomes a Servant like thee, who Mediates Affairs, be∣tween a Mighty and Invincible Emperor, and thy Master the King of France, whom we distinguish much before all other Christian Kings, to behave himself with all Care and Wisdom, having ever before his Eyes the danger of suffering any thing to slip between them, might occasion Enmity or Cold∣ness; to the end that the Subjects of two such great Monar∣chies may be free from Trouble: think therefore of Submit∣ting, and speedily paying, or thou goest to the Seven Tow∣ers.

The Ambassadour having no more to say, retired; but in∣stead of sending him to the Seven Towers, they convey'd him to the little Lobby of the Chamber belonging to the Chia∣oux Barhy: So he stirred not out of the Vizir's House, but there remained Prisoner, soon comforting himself, as we may think in that Consinement, since he boasted, that he had pre∣vented being sent to the Seven Towers: One may indeed rationally conclude, That he thought of nothing but the Pri∣son, with which he was threatned; and therefore seemed not to resent the other, in which he was kept. He seem'd to be pleas'd, and studied to appear free, refusing all was sent him from the Vizir's Kitchin, and eating nothing but what came from his own. He shew'd too a kind of false Resolution, to be steddy, against all the Overtures were made him, to accom∣modate the matter, declaring by Reiterated Protestations, that he neither could nor would give any thing, except some Curiosities he had by him: Whereupon the Vizir sent him this Message, The Amity I bear thee, and my most earnest Solicitations, have almost prevailed to make ac∣ceptible thy most humble Discourses, before the Foot of the Imperial Throne; an Object worthy all the submissions and respect of Mortals: Thou shalt therefore within six Months of this time, cause to be brought hither some Curiosities of France, worthy the Acceptance of the Sublime Majesty of the Emperor of the Believers; with a Letter from the Padi∣cha of France, by which he shall declare to the Sultan his ig∣norance of the Fact that hath 〈◊〉〈◊〉 committed; and that he

did never intend his Ships should have done any thing, could alter the Ancient Friendship: And that if by chance some∣thing had happen'd at Chio, contrary to his intention, he was troubled at it. The Ambassador explain'd himself on the Message, not allowing any Crime, but said he would procure such a Letter as was proper in the Case: And that for the Presents, they should be in his own Name, and not in that of his Masters. Things being thus prepared, they brought the Ambassador, the fourth day of his Imprisonment, to a Cham∣ber of Liberty, which was that of the Kehaia, to which the Interpreter of the Port conducted him: There he met the Kehaia and the Chiaux Barhy, who first magnified the kind∣ness of the Vizir, and his dexterity in appeasing the Rage of the Sultan; and then mutually fell to commending their own, as well as the endeavours of the Dowanier. They seem'd to approve too, the Conduct of the Ambassador, but would not confide in his word, saying, it was necessary to be cautious in things relating to the Great Emperor of the Osmans: And therefore the promise of the Ambassador must be in Writing under his Hand and Seal.

There hap'ned some dispute in forming it, but at last it was agreed, That the satisfaction should be exprest, to intend a reparation for the mischief done by the Emperor of France's Ships at Chio: They would have ascertain'd the Presents, but the Ambassadour would only promise they should be honest or proper; and undertook too, for a Letter from the Empe∣ror of France, in which consisted the Matter of the Writing he gave for his Liberty; whereupon he departed to his own House; however protesting before he went, That he would perform nothing, except the Sofa were granted him: And that the Tripolins were obliged to make a Peace: They bid him be contented, and not doubt of satisfaction.

There was, indeed, effectual Orders sent to the Capoudon Pacha, to conclude the Treaty with the Tripolins, since the Ambassador had promised to repair the damage at Chio; the Treaty was Concluded at the Foot of the Throne of Heroes who have the World in Wardship; and ended to the satisfa∣ction of the Old Admiral of the French Fleet; whom it had

been well to have sent dead into his Country; for instead of retiring thereupon as was expected, he demonstrated a Reso∣lution of making a longer stay, and of keeping in the Gallys, covering however his actions with a pretence of Civility and Fair dealing; sending word to the Capoudan Pacha, that after so sure a proof of his great Genius, in reconciling him and the Tripolines, it was unjust he should be stayed longer there, desiring him therefore to procure satisfaction might be given to the Ambassador, or that he might have leave to return, declaring he was bound to stay till one or the other was gran∣ted.

The Vizir consider'd, as he ought, the Resolution and Boundless Obstinacy, of this Old Captain; who though he had many causes hourly to fear death; yet acted as if death were afraid of him; negotiating like one of Thirty or Fourty, that had hopes of many years to live.

The Grand Vizir making just reflexions on the steddy Ob∣stinacy, meriting Hell of this Old Seaman, sent for the Do∣manier, who as a Secret, I must needs say, my most Honor'd Lord, is a true Devil Incarnate; to whom this Illustrious and Fortunate Lieutenant to the Emperor of the World thus ex∣pressed himself: If all the French were as Resolute as this Old Admiral, we should be hard put to't to find the Moments of their wavering, and ordinary inconstancy. But if on the one side, the great God gives us this proof of their steddiness; he shews us too on the other their Natural Genius, in the faci∣lity of changing the Ambassador. Should we imploy the In∣vincible Naval Forces of the King of Kings, the success would be doubtful, for the French lye too far from us; but easily approach our Fortresses, having the Christians Harbours for their Succours: This makes me think my self predestinated for another Conduct, which will be more to the purpose then hazard, or to say better, the assistance of God, which is never wanting to the Faithful, will divide the French Coun∣cils, and make them Combat one another, as they did at Candia: Do you therefore to this purpose Negotiate with the Ambassador, who believes you his friend, serve your self with all your understanding, upon his Credulous Temper, to di∣vide

him from this other French-man, who is a thorough-pac'd Infidel, covetous of Blood and Slaughter, and one who seems to have forgot his Country, so Jealousie between the two In∣fidels.

The Dowanier is one full of the Slights and Tricks, natural to those of his Race, being by Birth a Chinquene, who has im∣prov'd his Subtleties and Fourberies by his Imployment in the Customs; so he received the Orders of the Sovereign Vizir, with great Submission, promising, at the peril of his Head, to execute them.

He made it be told the Ambassador, that now things were in a good way, this Old Mad Admiral would spoil all; and it was to be feared by his restless Temper, produce an abso∣lute Rupture: That he was an Ambitious, and Aspiring kind of Genius, that could not be contented to have ended the Af∣fair of the Tripolines which only concerned him, to his own hearts desire, but must now be medling too with that of the Embassie, that the glory of gaining all Points might seem to be his; and that since all things were adjusted, only that Point of the Sofa, which the Vizir was resolved to grant too, it was necessary to remove this busie Obstacle, to a perfect Recon∣ciliation.

The Ambassador gave credit to this Man, whom the Mu∣sulman's themselves believe but by force; he therefore writ to the French Admiral to depart to Milo, on pretence of refitting, and to return again, if things were not accommo∣dated as he expected: This Letter made him separate from the Sea of Chio, which he seem'd before to have espoused; first sending his humble request to the Capoudan Pacha, that he would Mediate at the Foot of the Sublime Throne, that satisfaction might be given to the French Ambassador.

The most fortunate Vizir, whom God will always prosper, was not a little pleas'd, to see enter into Constantinople the Fleet which had been so long detain'd at Chio: And was ex∣tremely well satisfied with the Conduct of the Dowanier, whom he ordered to continue his usual Amusements to the Ambassador; who for four or five Months was perpetually

Imbarrast with delays: He boasted mightily of his Fidelity to the Sublime Port, in having put a stop to the violent Re∣solutions of the French Admiral (though before he had pre∣tended to have no power over him) he therefore continual∣ly urged their keeping promise with him about the Sofa; sometimes it would be promised him, and then again made doubtful: Then it would he suggested as designed in a Cham∣ber without Sofa, to be purposely dedicated to the Audiences of the French Ambassador: But at last he was plainly told, nothing at all could be done in it, till he had performed his promise concerning the Presents; and that then they would think of contenting him.

The French Admiral, during these delays, was returned again, near to Chio, being at the Isles of Ourlar, on the Coast of Smyrna: where the wise Vizir by the help of the Grand Dowanier found means a long time to amuse him. But the Ambassador beginning to discover, that he was deluded, writ to this old Madman, to approach to the Cape of Janissaries, near Smyrna: But commanded him too not to come nearer the Dardanelloes, those Keys of the World, assuring him if he did, it would prove the destruction of all the French Fleet; And then these would be no Quarter for the Merchants, nor Ambassador himself We knew these Circumstances by reason the Dowanier, at the beginning, whilest the Matter of Chio depended, had so possest the French Ambassador with the assu∣rance of that danger; that, that terror still possest him, which had prevented the French Admiral coming nearer them before: And was now again the Cause that he only came to an An∣chor, as I said before, at the Cape of Janissaries, which is the entrance of that Gulf which Conducts one by a space of se∣ven or eight Miles to these Castles, which are the first Keys of this vast and strong City: the desire of Kings, the splendid and proud Town of Constantinople. The Dowanier had like∣wise receiv'd intelligence from Smyrna, that the French Ad∣miral was troubled, he had obey'd the Ambassador, declaring he knew that was not the way to do themselves good. You must know too, my most Honoured Lord, that the Grand Vizir

was assured that this French Admiral, had received Orders to make a speedy return Home, to go against Algier. The Theater of War and Foyle of a Mighty d' Gachar of Germany who now burns in Hell. But be it as it will, as a secret I assure you, the most Serene and Illuminated Vizir resented the whole matter with great satisfactions, in having it Conducted so that he hazarded not the Reputations of these two Castles, which are the Jaws of this great Giant of Constantines: But that they appeared Formidable to the very French, the most powerful of all Infidels; who seem to fear neither Storms, Famine, Fire nor Water. Their Admiral being thus as it were Chain'd from passing the Cape of Janissaries, was certainly as we are inform'd all fury for being forced to return so soon; and that he must be reduced to Prayers for having been obedient to an Embassy. He therefore against his will Writ a most submis∣sive Letter to the Supreme Vizir, Intreating him that satisfaction might be given to the Ambassador by having Audience on the Sofa, or that he might take his leave; He being obliged to stay to carry him back. The Messenger who brought the Letter was one of the Captains of the Gallions, and one we knew to be a most particular Friend to the Ambassador.

This Envoy came to Constantinople well perpar'd with many good reasons to have offer'd to the Supream Arbitrator of the affairs of Mankind, the Lieutenant to the Emperor of the World. But being unworthy to appear in his Presence, that Honor was refused him, and he was referred to the Chief Steward of the Houshold of this Councellor, full of the Glory of the King of Kings.

The Grand Vizir who knows well how to preserve the Ho∣nor of his Supream Dignity, refused to receive the Letter from the French Admiral, declaring he would have no business with him. And as to two sent him by the Ambassador of France, wherein he desires leave to depart except he might have Audi∣ence on the Sofa, Alledging it was the Order of his Master: He made no other Answer but commanded him to send him those Orders of the Emperor of France. But the most Illuminated Vizir having made them to be Interpreted to him, returned

them without saying one word; which obliged the Ambassa∣dor to a Third: Wherein with Counterfeit earnestness he de∣sires leave to retire, pretending that the French Admiral was bound to stay for him. This useless refinement caused the Grand Vizir to smile, who knew that General was immedi∣ately to depart, and that the Envoy from him hourly pres∣sed the Ambassador to dispatch him away.

The Wise Vizir perceiving the subtile design of the Ambas∣sador, who made not the least mention of discharging the Obligation he had given in Writing, sent him this Answer. The most happy Port, which is the Sanctuary of the Empires of the Age, is ever open to all those who desire the Glory to en∣ter: And those that would have the shame to depart, we ne∣ver detain by Force, except they be Debtors. Thou mayest then be gone; But first think of Paying thy Debts, comply with thy obligation; make thy Money and Presents to the value of three Hundred and fifty Thousand Crowns be laid at the Feet of the Emperor of the Osmans. And with this At∣tonement, for the business of Chio (unworthy our Master, but which he is pleased to accept as a Mark of thy Humility) thou shalt have leave to be gone.

The Ambassador, who it seems, had not before, well con∣sider'd the consequence of his promise, not dreaming perhaps it extended so far; protested he had nothing came near those demands. They told him he was bound by his Writing to make honest Presents to the Grand Seignior; demanding of him, what that word Honest Imply'd: Declaring to him in Fine, that since the six Months time agreed upon was past, he was obliged to perform his promise. He declared that those Curi∣osities he had provided were rare and rich, worthy the ac∣ceptance of the Invincible Emperor. It was then required that they might be View'd; to which purpose some Persons were sent by the Soveraign Vizir: But upon their description con∣tain'd in a Catalogue upon the first sight of them, the value the Ambassador set upon them, and his offer of some small Summ to Augment them, were both rejected. But there be∣ing no other way to conclude: The Envoy of the French Ad∣miral

was forced to be gone without taking with him the Am∣bassador, whom he was constrained to leave as a Debtor at the Port of Felicity.

The Grand Vizir whom nothing escapes, understanding the hasty departure of the French Captain, to joyn his Admi∣ral to Sail with him for France: was then Confirm'd in the advice had been given him of the speedy departure of the French Fleet; and though he knew well enough that the Em∣bassador did not intend to fly stript away, yet he counterfeit∣ed a care to prevent it, as a thing unjust that he should go without paying.

The time came on which makes it necessary that the Na∣val Force of the Emperor of the World should go forth; Of which the Grand Vizir took particular Care; going himself divers times to the Arsinal about it: So when it was ready to Sail and Salute with all its Cannon and Artillery, the Soveraign of the Earth sitting upon his Throne of Felicity, the Admiral went to prostrate himself before the Invincible Em∣peror, and to receive his Orders. He was commanded to shape his Course for the Archipellagues, and to receive the submissions of the French Admiral as he past: who would not as the Am∣bassador promised, (fail to do his Duty:) After which he was to proceed as occasions required. All was performed as was Or∣der'd. The Capoudan Pacha doubled the Point of the Seraglio with his Fleet: and having past the Jaws or old Castles, came to an Anchor at the Mouth of the Gulf, where having recei∣ved the Respects of the old French Admiral, he weighed and con∣tinued his way: It seem'd as if this French Admiral only wait∣ed for that happy moment, for it was no sooner past but he hoysted Sail for his own Countrey: very joyful no doubt to escape that just punishment his rashness had merited.

The most honor'd Vizir well satisfied so to have morti∣fied the Old Man, applied all his Thoughts in contriving the reparation was in Publick and Solemn Pomp, to be made in the presence of the August Monarch of the Universe: To which purpose he sent for the Grand Dowanier, merrily ask∣ing him, when he would make an end of his very good Friends

business; adding, though with Authority, that it must now be dispatcht. They both were of opinion there would be little difficulty in bringing it about, being certain the Am∣bassador would not be sorry to get forth of the trouble; e∣specially now, when the Admiral was gone: But they thought some Arguments would be necessary to persuade him; as first, That he was obliged by his promise, made as Ambassador, to repair the damage done by his Master's Ships: That there was an appearance too of Orders come from France, which left it to his discretion, as things should occur upon the place; upon which, and other Arguments, they both concluded, that if he was prest and threat'ned he would yield. But the Dowanier went on with the Discourse to the Vizir in these Terms: I can assure you, my most happy Master, that the Ambassador demurs not but only for appearances; he di∣sputes of the quality of the Presents and quantity of Money, that it may not be supposed in France he yields too easily; give him a little time to please his fancy with feigned resi∣stance, and he will make the less Reflection on the manner he is to make his Submissions; he desires to have it thought, that he gives no Money, and desires extremely to have that remitted or conceal'd; but how can that be, when it must be borrowed of the English and Hollanders? He would have it likewise thought, that he Augments not his Presents, when already they are increas'd, and trust to me shall be more yet; I know besides, says the Dowanier, that there is a Letter come from the Emperor of France, containing excuses for the busi∣ness of Chio; therefore there will be no more to do but to hasten him: They then consulted the manner of proceeding; first, he had been told beforehand, that it was a Custom to send to Debtors, even Ambassadors themselves, a Chiaux to mind them of what was expected from them, that they might comply: But to amuse the Ambassador, they concluded to give him occasion to feed his vanity, by the quality of the Messenger was sent unto him, which would be a little comfort to him, for what he was to suffer. They sent therefore an Officer, that is, him who is Judge of the Chiauxes; which in∣deed

was contriv'd to make the business more publick: When he came to the Ambassador, accompanied by the Interpreter of the Port, and had Communicated to him the Imperial Or∣ders for payment, and the necessity of appeasing the Sultan's wrath, by publick Submissions and Satisfactions, capable to procure the effects of his Clemency: He again flew back to his former Allegations and Imaginations, desiring to defer the business, protesting he would not in the least increase his Presents. But they being sensible of his dissimulation, ad∣vis'd him as soon as might be, to get out of the difficulty: Which done the Judge of the Ushers, and the Interpreter of the Port left him: His Interpreters too, received daily the same advice, with frequent Threats of the Seven Towers: yet still the Ambassadour seem'd both by Discourse, and a Letter he writ to the Kehaia, to be ready to suffer every thing, even death it self, rather then give ready Money, or indeed any other Presents, then what he had offer'd. But the Do∣wanier assuring the contrary, made it be judged a fit time for Conclusion, which it was necessary should be made with Solemnity. And because it was judged to be too much ho∣nour for the Ambassador to agree it with the Vizir, it was resolved it should be with the Prime Secretary to this Lieute∣nant to the Emperor of the World.

Your Lordship is to consider, that the Ambassadors of France did not use to attend the Kehaia, but Incognito, and Clothed in Turkish Habit, with few followers, pretending it to be a Condescention below them, only comply'd with to expedite business. But now it was judged necessary to change that Custom, and oblige the Ambassadour to come in his own Habit, with his Interpreters, Secretaries, Mer∣chants, and Foot-men; that all the Town might know it was the French Ambassador, who came publickly to attend the Secretary of the Vizir, to end the business about the Pardon for the attempt at Chio, and to agree the reparations for the damage done there. He made no difficulty to come pub∣lickly as was desir'd, though perhaps he might be ignorant of the Cause. The Kehaia propos'd to him the Augmenta∣tion

of his Presents, which he pretended to refuse; they seem∣ed earnestly to press him, and he as earnestly to resist; but all his seeming Obstinacy, and their Reiterated Instances to perswade him, was no more but a meer Comedy, for the Sum to be presented the Sultan was adjusted before: And the Do∣wanier had undertaken for the Augmentation of the Presents. So the Ambassador went back with an Imaginary satisfaction of a Mock-bravery: He had caused a Rumor to be spread, that he was to be sent to the Seven Towers; that coming back to his House, it might be thought his Conduct had pre∣served him, which would make both that, and his Courage be admir'd at by Strangers: To which vapour of Vain-Glory for his comfort we may quietly leave him; whilst the most pru∣dent Vizir thought of nothing more then the manner to make most visible, most submissive, and most acceptible, his Sacri∣fice of Expiation for the attempt at Chio: It was first resol∣ved to take the opportunity to reduce the French Ambassa∣dor, by this occasion, to a custom refused by all his Predeces∣sors, and to which none of them would ever submit; which was, to have their Presents seen and valued before they were offer'd: It was supposed the Ambassador would hardly refuse it, if his Interpreters did but tell him it was the Custom; And we were very desirous he should yield to it at this time, the more because the People would the sooner think he was ready to Augment his Presents, in case the Sultan should not in his Clemency agree to accept those he had prepar'd: He yielded the Point, and now nothing was in dispute but the place where the Presents, the Money, and the French Emperors Letter should be receiv'd, who should receive them, who should carry them, and in what manner they should be presented. The Great Divan was thought one, as the place where Ambassadors are receiv'd, the Army paid, and Justice distributed: But this proposition was rejected, as not publick enough; and because that things, which were to pass in the Submission, might be confounded with the Ceremonies of the Ambassadors Audience, which he ought not to receive till some time after he had expiated that disorder at Chio, the

only thing able to render him worthy the presence of the Emperor of the World. There were divers other places propos'd, but after full Consideration, that the injury for which Reparation was to be made, had been done on the Sea, in the Port of Chio, in the sight of many Nations, and in a man∣ner at the very Gates of Constantinople; it was by all agreed, That no place was more proper to receive satisfaction in, then the Palace of Cara Mustapha, most advantageously situated on the Sea side, at the Entrance of the safest and largest Port in the known World; a Port which is the Theatre of the Ma∣ritine Strength of the Great Sultan of the Osmans, and the Re∣fuge of the French, English, Holland, and Venetian Merchant Ships; a Port, which is at least a third part of it, incompast about by the incomparable City of Constantinople, standing in manner of an Amphitheatre for five Miles together on its Banks; on the other side being seen many Cities and Towns fit for Capital Cities to great Realms: On the Waters where∣of may be constantly seen an infinite number of Vessels fill'd with People from every Nation of the World. All these Rea∣sons made the Dome of Cara Mustapha favoured with so ad∣vantageous a situation, and expos'd to the view of most of the Ambassadors, Ministers, Residents, and Agents of the Christian Princes, be thought most proper; that they as well as all the People and Grandees of the Empire might see, that none could with impunity offend the Sovereign Majesty of the Emperor of the World. They likewise the sooner agreed on the choice of that place, as being a sumptuous Palace, inclu∣ding the Maritine Throne of the Emperor of the two Seas; where the Musick that diverts him, is that of Trumpets, Ket∣tle-Drums, and Cannons; which, with the noise of Oars, and continual hurry of Ships and Galleys, fills the Air with an agreeable Confusion: It is in this place too the Admirals pay their Homage, bringing thither the proofs of their Victories, in the Spoils of the Enemies of the Faith. So there being no place more proper for the Design of the Supreme Vizir, it was agreed, that if the Sultan did not chuse it of himself, it should be proposed to him. It was then debated, who should

receive the Submissions of the French Ambassador; and some propos'd either the Kehaia or Intendant of the Grand Vizir: But because the Enterprise, for which Pardon was to be de∣manded, regarded directly the Person of the Sultan; and that it belong'd to none but him, to sit upon the Throne of the Sea, the Vizir resolved to take the time when this Sovereign of the World was come (as he often did) to this Dome of Cara Mustapha: That he would know in the mean time, if His Highness were ready to receive the most humble Repen∣tance of the French Ambassador, who till then should be kept in suspence of that happy Moment: It rested then to determine, how the Ambassador should perform his Duty: about which some were of Opinion he should do it in Person; But because he had not yet receiv'd Publick Audience from the Vizir, it was concluded he should send his Principal Of∣ficer, that was his Secretary, to make satisfaction, by carry∣ing and exposing the Presents, and Money, and to deliver the Letter from the Emperor of France. They had a President of the like nature with the * Bailo of Venice, about the Vallone, where the Venetians had attack't those of Barbary. As like∣wise the yearly practice of the Secretary of that Republick, when he brings the Tribute of five thousand Chiquins. In fine, they promis'd, the Vizir so to conduct all things, that it should appear a perfect Submission, or Publick Penance for what had past at Chio.

The Grand Dowanier, who had charged himself with e∣very thing, Congratulated the Soveraign Vizir that the busi∣ness was so well adjusted: You have, saith he, My Lord, part of what you desire, and shall have the rest; whilest we leave the Ambassador the vain satisfaction to repent and say, That his Condescentions are only Personal, and his Nego∣tiation as a private Man, That it was for his own proper ac∣count he made his Presents; That the Money is for another occasion, and that he hath Writ nothing to France of all this bustle, All these Pretences are but bad Colours, and worse shadows, agreeing ill with the quality of him they are designed

to serve: For if he be not Ambassador, can he be worthy to rub his Face with the Dust of the Feet of the Invincible Sultan, whose Grandeur God will increase to the very Day of Judgment? Is it not certain, it was not the Ambassador who fired the Cannons against Chio, but the Emperor of France's General, pursued the Dorwanier? And is it not as plain, that he for this, as Ambassador must submit? He is obliged to it by Writing, in which he engages to procure his Masters Letter of excuse, and in six Months time to have Presents brought from France? These are here and not intended for his Audience: he has too procur'd the Summ of Money agreed upon. I know he boasts that all has been done is agreeable to the Emperor of France: From whence may be conclu∣ded that his Imprisonment, his promise of Presents, and of a Letter of excuse to the Sultan, are agreeable to the Emperor of France: And that it is time therefore to come to a Conclusion. Let the Ambassador then, say what he pleases, and form to himself pleasant Chymera's: Provided the Reality of his Submissions conformable to our Customs and Manners, which ought to be a Law to the World; clears away the shadow from the true Throne which is the Sanctuary to the Empe∣rors of the Age; surrounded by those Mountains on which stands the Capital City, from whence the Noise and Reputa∣tion of the Action will fly to the rest of the Earth. This was very near the Discourse of the Dowanier, who said too that he would go and send for the French Interpreters, and com∣mand them to insinuate to their Master; that all things were contriv'd for his Honor, as would appear to the astonishments of all Strangers; that the Presents and Respects would be receiv'd by the great Emperor of the Osmans, and that perhaps he would come for that purpose to a place where he only goeth for extraordinary Ceremonies, they shall advise him too, that for his greater Glory he must intreat as a signal favour, to have his Presents carried by his own People, as his Secretary and some Merchants. The Dowanier having said this kist the Vest of the Soveraign Vizir, and retir'd. He performed all. The Interpreters found the Ambassador ready

to put in Action every thing he advis'd him, and extreamly earnest quickly to receive the imaginary Glory was promis'd him.

There were some days past since the visit of the Ambassa∣dor to the Kehara of the Vizir: That he might not therefore be in doubt, word was sent him that his Affairs were in so good a posture, and so near a Conclusion, that he would soon see a glorious end of them: It was then insinuated to him that the grand Dowanier was one of the most considerable Officers of the Empire; That he commanded all the Seas, from the Basphore to Smyrna and Chio: That all Merchandizes and every Slave of the World, as well Male as Female paid him Tribute: That he had the Honor to provide for the plea∣sures of the Sultan, by whom he was sometimes visited, be∣ing lookt upon as one of his Favourites. This was suggested to make the Ambassdor know, that if the Dowanier visited him, it was a particular Favour, and a Prerogative with which the P••rt would honour him: And that though the Merchandize and Wealth of all the World found Legs to attend this Officer to obtain leave to be Sold, or the Honour to be detain'd for the Sultan: He himself would come to the Ambassador to see and examin his Presents, and to contribute all he could to make them in some measure worthy the acceptance and clemency of the Invincible Emperor: The conclusion was, That he was not only to receive the Grand Dowanier with demonstrations of acknowledgment and Friendship; but with all kind of Honor, being to be attended by his principal Officers, Turks and Jews; that is to say, those of his Tribunal, proper for the business he was sent about.

The Interpreters that were instructed in the main Circum∣stances, were the first that by Order of their Master, put them in execution: One of them went to fetch the Dowanier from his House; bringing with him a Horse of the Ambassadors. He was receiv'd at the Gate of the French Palace by the Se∣cretary, Chief Interpreter, and other Domesticks; the Am∣bassador

met him in the Hall, and led him upon the Sofa, where being placed in a Seat of Honor, the first Interpreter having kist his Vest, said to him: That the Ambassador con∣sidering him as one of his best Friends, bid him heartily wel∣com, That he was extreamly pleas'd to see him, after all the trouble he had given him, That he might personally return him thanks, which he did sincerely; That he had often, and would continue to inform the Emperor of France of all the good Offices he daily did his Subjects, in point of Commerce: That all the Factory as well as the Ambassador himself, were indebted to him for the conclusion of a business, had made so much noise. To which the Dowanier made Answer; I boast, saith he, nothing, but am a Friend at need; God knows what I have done, and shall do: you have many Enemies, those of your own Religion, and Francs, as you are, do not much love you, nor are they much troubled to see the French ill us'd, some of them gave continual Intelligence of things might have anger'd the Vizir, if his Moderation and Prudence had not retain'd him: He has not long since had assurances, that the Padicha of France sent to the Emperor of Germany; offe∣ring him assistance, in case our Master the Invincible Sultan, broke with that Prince, or to make him if he could declare War by way of Advance against us: Others on the contrary side would perswade us, That the French would suddenly be at War, both with the Germans, and most part of Christendom: But the Grand Vizir confider'd all these reports as the meer effects of base Envy, and sordid Jealousie, being resolved (pursued the Dowanier) to give you proofs of his Friendship; I come therefore to tell you, he as presented the offer of your Submissions to the Imperial Estrier; and conjectures they may be near acceptance, that is, of being acceptible. The Ambassador denied all those things which seem'd to wound the Reputation of his Master: And the Dowanier seeming to believe him, changed the di∣scourse, saying, come let's to work, I have brought hither my Officers that value the Customs, to make Estimation of your Presents according to usage; and offer you my advice, as a

friend, wherein to augment them, that they may in some de∣gree be worthy to be offer'd the Emperor, Supporter of the World; and that we may the better prevail with him to ac∣cept them. They thereupon brought the Dowanier into the fairest Chamber of the French Seraglio, where he was much surprised not to see the Principal Wall garnish'd with Look∣ing-Glasses: But applying himself to the Observation of the Presents, and advising with the Praisers, he told the Ambas∣sador that these he brought with him, but he must add to them those he had since sent for from France, besides some Jewels: These last the Ambassador desired him to buy for him, which he promised to do: He mention'd too the ready Money, but the Ambassador protested he had none, and in∣treated him to lend him some; which he consented to do: But the Ambassador desiring that the Money might be deli∣vered secretly, could obtain only a doubtful answer from the Dowanier; though to comfort him he readily granted him another request, which was, That his Presents might be car∣ried to the Sultan by his own People. This, though the surest proof of his Submission, was by the Dowanier magni∣fied to him as an exceeding favour, who told him, it must be done then by his Kehaia, Clerks, and some Merchants; who must be well Instructed, to comply with all the Ceremonies would be taught them; and to behave themselves with Mo∣desty, Silence, and Gravity. He then mention'd the Letter from the Emperor of France, which the Ambassador would have excused, but at last promised to deliver. This whole Intertainment, and great Negotiation, was mingled with those ordinary ones of Cahu, Sherbet, and Sweet-water, and more then one Collation of Fruit. The Ambassador often reitera∣ted his Protestations of Friendship and Acknowledgment to the Dowanier; the Praisers neither were not forgotten: So when it was time to part, the Dowanier bid him fear nothing, for he would go to the Grand Vizir, to know whether he had received Orders from the invincible Emperor, for ending the business: The same honours were done him going, as when he came, with repeated intreaties for a speedy Conclusion:

He came immediately to the Sovereign Vizir, and gave him a pleasant account of all had past; but above all, they were pleas'd at the Ambassadors hast, whom therefore they agreed should be made solicite some days; which he did to the Da∣wanier earnestly for the three following, receiving only dila∣tory Answers: But then the Dowanier went to his House again, and carried with him the Jewels he had bought with the ready money, receiving the same Honours, as at first, but could not appoint a positive day for a Conclusion; pre∣tending the Sultan had not yet appointed one; but he per∣swaded the Ambassador not to be discouraged, but in the mean time send the Letter and Presents to the Grand Vizir's, that the manner of carrying them might be Regulated, which was immediately done: They brought too the ready money, having in some manner agreed it should be received private∣ly. There was in the mean time a certain Memorial pre∣sented to the Emperor of the World, sent him by the Grand Vizir in this Form:

My most Magnanimous, most Vali∣ant, and most Happy Emperor, be pleased to behold what is brought before you by the greatest of your Slaves; It is that your Slave the Ambassador of France makes continu∣al Supplications, to implore Pardon for what past at Chio: He hath never since that misfortune ceased to use his ut∣most endeavours, to escape the terrible Grief of Chastise∣ment, so great a rashness Merited; and to preserve the whole French Nation from the extirpating furious Sword of the Monarch of the World: To which purpose he is fled to the Cittadel of Submission, and there humbly waits for the happy Moment, wherein he may be admitted to rub his Face with the dust of the Feet of your Invincible, and ever Triumphant Highness: He begs you would be pleased to cast an Eye tending towards acceptance, both on the Letter of the Emperor his Master; and on the Mo∣ney and Presents he (according to the Orders he hath received) is ready to expose at the Foot of Your Sublime Throne: And which at present are in the possession of me, who has the honour to be Your Slave: He confesses

them to be mean, if consider'd with the Majesty of the Person they are designed to, but hopes they may become of value by the Acceptance, being sure proofs of his Vas∣salage, and Testimonies of his most Submissive and respect∣ful Repentance, for the disorder at Chio. It remains in the breast of your Highness to Command any other thing you please, which your Slave the Ambassador is ready to per∣form.

The wise Emperor, who penetrates into the most secret and difficult things, to whom the Almighty God grant for ever a Happy and Glorious Reign, Commanded the Grand Vizir to appear at his Foot; of whom he Inquired, Whether all he writ was sincere; and whether there was no Trick, by which those Infidels might shelter themselves in the Val∣ley of Treachery and Insolence. The Grand Vizir assured him he had reason to believe, that the Ambassador was in earnest: Whereupon this Sovereign, who is the Delight and Glory of the World, spoke thus: The French, though ob∣stinate in Error, are nevertheless protected by our High and Imperial Power, in hopes we may one day reduce them to receive the true Faith: Their Emperour boasts to be our most Ancient Friend, yet have they acted like Traytors, and Enemies at Chio: But because they readily humble them∣selves, I submit to the most high and absolute Commands of the holy Prophet, which saith, When you have Power over your Enemy, pay me the Tithes of the Victory, by the Pardon you shall give him. I am therefore disposed to Pardon and forget the Ingratitude of these Infidels, whom I have loaded with my Sublime Favours; having granted to their last Ambassadour, with considerable advantages, the Renovation of the Capitulations denied to so many of his Predecessors. The Emperor paused a little, and then addressing it to the Grand Vizir, who durst not yet speak, pursued thus: Let the Ambassador be well instructed in the Glory he is go∣ing to receive by his Submissions, Humility, and Publick Repentance; whereby he not only disarms our Rage; but

procures to his Master the Confirmation of a Friendship, and Alliance, to him so Glorious, that it will render him ter∣rible to his Enemies.

The Grand Vizir with a most submissive bow, intreated the mighty Sultan of the Osmans to appoint the place, where he would have his Slave the Ambassador make publick to the World, his Repentance and most submissive Respects, with the proofs of a Fidelity, should be no more subject to a change the Emperor Replied, he would send his pleasure in Wri∣ting; which came in this Form: I shall God willing, to mor∣row, and next day divert my self with the noise of the Waves of the Sea; to reflect my Grandure in that Liquid Crystal Miroir; and to delight my ears with the Artificial Thunder and confusion of Voices, which Reigns usually on that Element. I go to Seat my self at the Entrance of the Port on my Maritime Throne, in the Kieusk of Mustapha Pas∣ha; where the Sea seems to be summon'd into a long and large Court, only to do Homage to my Imperial Seat, the vast City of Constantinople. It is there, its natural inconstancy cannot hinder it from rendring me perpetual Homage, in the name of other Seas: And to glory in bringing me Tributes and Submissions constantly, from all the Princes of the World. There I inspire my Officers, with power of Gaining Victories with ease, in granting them the glory at setting forth, to prostrate themselves at my feet: And there at their return I receive the proofs of those Victories they have gain'd in my name. It may be truly called the Abridgment of the World; Being the refuge of all the Nations of the seven Climates, who think themselves happy in bringing thither their most precious Merchandizes, for the use of me and my Slaves. Na∣ture alone contriv'd this Royal Port, which is constantly co∣ver'd with vast numbers of Ships and Galleys, and Beautified by those Mountains cloath'd with Mosques, Towns and For∣rests which encompass it about; Whilest I there divert my self, true Emperor of the World, and make reflections of what I owe to God, the unchangeable Lord; for giving me so beauti∣ful

a Residence in this perishing World; as an earnest of that he hath prepar'd for me in the other, which shall never end: You may cause to be brought before me, the submissions of the French Ambassador; in a manner, as much proportion'd as can be to our Grandure, and ••he quality of Protector of the true Faith, a Title we more esteem than that of all our Domini∣ons: This is what we Ordain; And thou who art our Grand Vizir, and Counsellor, full of Glory, must give odedience to this.

The most discerning and prudent Vizir, was extreamly pleas'd, that a Soul like his, so much Inferior to that of our most invincible Master; should enter into Sentiments so agreeable to the clear thoughts of that incomparable Emperor. He sent presently for the Dowanier, and Communicated those Orders to him, which none must disobey without the dan∣ger of being lost: He assured the Grand Vizir, that he was continually sollicited for a dispatch by the French Interpreters, who were scarcely ever from him. So it was concerted that the next day but one all should be finisht; of which the principal Officers of the Port had notice: And things were so order'd that the Common People might not be ignorant nei∣ther. The Emperor of the two Seas, being accordingly come to the Kieusk of Mustapha Pasha, there took for some time the pleasure of a true Emperor; and being set at Dinner, they caused the French Ambassadors Presents to be brought from the Grand Vizir's; where, as I before told your happy Lordship, they had been deposited three or four days; and placed them in a House near the Palace, under the conduct of an Officer of the Port; And over against the Kendi, were ex∣pos'd to publick view the Ambassadors People, his Secre∣tary and chief Clerk, a Merchant and three Interpreters, who were the principal together with ten or twelve Footmen: These had waited with great impatience from day break, ex∣pecting this happy moment; Then by Order of the Principal Usher, and Master of the Caftans, the six first had each of them a Castau or Vest of honour delivered them; Thus with

the Interpreter of the Port, and a Turkish Officer, in Caftans at the head of them, they marched followed by the Foot∣men.

These eight in Robes with the rest of the Ambassadors Peo∣ple, took each of them a part of the Present, and fyled one after the other, with all the Gravity, Modesty and Silence, becoming a business of that nature: They were made stop at one of the corners of the Pallace: And being drawn into a Rank, with their Backs towards the Seraglio, and Faces to the Sea, Eyes cast down, their Feet streight and closed to one another, each man held his part of the Present, elevated with both his hands, as high, and as much expos'd to the publick as might be; in which humble posture having stood a sufficient time for the People to view and distinguish every thing, they were discharged from that honour by the Offi∣cers of the Emperor, supporter of the World.

It is not certainly known, how many Purses of Money were amongst the Presents, but some there were, and these carried to his Highness, by him who had Order'd the whole Ceremony, which is the Telkedgi. The Emperor of the World cast one corner of his Eye upon them, which Communicated to them all their value and esteem they ought to have: This Corifee and Master of the Kings of the World, This mighty Emperor of the Osmanli; had the pleasure to read the excuses of the Emperor of France, in his Letter deliver'd him by the Grand Vizir; in which he assures him, he had given no Or∣ders to his Admiral to disturb the Antient Alliance, but on the contrary to strengthen it; But if in pursuing and fighting the Tripolins his Enemies there had happened any wrong to his Highness's Territories, he was troubled at it, and desired him not to take it ill; but consider that those Thieves had before set upon the French Merchants in his Highness's Ports: That though he had great reason to complain that the Fort of Chio had fired upon his Flag, yet he freely forgot it, to shew to what degree he would be a Friend to the most invin∣cible

Emperor of the Musulmans. Whilest his Highness was accepting these protestations of Fidelity, which he believed sincere; to prove them so, the Telkedgi and Interpreter of the Port appeared, followed by the three Interpreters of France; who being come to a certain distance stayed, and had the honour to touch the Ground of the Field, before the Sultans Throne with their Faces; there holding them as long a time as is required to boyl an Egg: In this manner, without being held, they saluted the Emperor; being by Birth Slaves to the Grand Seignior: But the Kahaia, and Clerk to the Ambas∣sador, with the French Merchant, who are only to be recko∣ned Slaves by Force, and Representers of their Master; were held by two Ushers, each in Vests of Ceremonies, who exten∣ded their Arms with one hand, and carried in the other Silver Staves which they often rub'd on the ground with great noise, and a certain Motion of Grandure and Ostentation. These Conductors who led their Slaves like Victimes in seeming hast, made them stop as suddenly; saying to them in a rude Tone Dour. When the Telkedgi, and Interpreter of the Port, with the three French Interpreters had done prostrating; then might be seen these chief Porters or Ushers, like Maskers of Cere∣monies, so well instruct their French-men, that without quitting their Shoulders or prejudicing the extension of their Arms, they all kneeled softly down, and imprinted their Faces in the Dust, in the open view of the Sun, remaining in that posture so long as it pleased the Emperor of the World; who being well satisfyed with so full a reparation, made a sign almost imperceptible for taking them away. The Ca∣pidges are so perfectly instructed in these Ceremonies, that the least motion of the Field is to them enough, so they rais'd hastily these prostrated Slaves, and made them return back without giving them time to behold the sublime Majesty of the Emperor of the World, who was seated at a great dist∣tance. Thus the French-men performed their Commission in representing the true submissions of their Ambassador.

The August and terrible Sultan of the Osmanli, was Seated

on his Throne at the entrance of the open Gallery, which Ranges on that side of the Kieusk, which is towards the Sea: The * Chesade was by him; For tho the Emperor his Fa∣ther doth not yet admit him to his Councels or Divan, but keeps him in a plain Equipage, having him only often with him at Hunting, Walking, Riding, and other diversions; yet his Highness would have him with him, to be a Witness of the respects, submission and publick Repentance of the French Ambassador; to make this young Prince sensible how much the name of Osman, which he must one day sup∣port, was rever'd through the whole World, since the Empe∣ror of France, the greatest Monarch of the belief of the Messia, and terror to the rest of those Infidel Princes, whose Armies and Garrisons are innumerable, and Treasures inexhaustible, did permit this Ambassador to make such full satisfaction for what past at Chio: There was beside ranged about the Throne in respectful posture the principal Itheoglans: The Grand Vizir attended too on oneside near a corner of the Gallery, with his hands clos'd, his Feet streight and joyn'd, and his Eyes cast down: there was neither Kalibulick, Noise, Croud or Con∣fusion, but an awful silence, which exprest that it belonged to none but the Master to speak or give leave to them that should. Thus my most honoured Lord, you see the parti∣culars of this most remarkable Affair: the chief Circumstan∣ces whereof are Recorded in the Registers of the Empire. The great ones, nay the very People talk of it with delight in Constantinople, and the news of it is gone to Persia, Arme∣nia, and the Indies; the Droguemans of our Friends Allies, and Tributaries of the Law of Messia, are well instructed in all particulars, to the end they may inform their several Masters; many of the Secretaries and Clerks of the Imperial Register▪ have writ exactly to the Pachas and Beglarbeigs of this vast Em∣pire, preserved by God, concerning it. And I think my self happy to have been chosen to Communicate all these glorious circumstances to my most honoured Lord. The matter is in it self so splendid, that it needs no more but the pure and simple relation to make it be admir'd; and Eloquence would but

serve to hide some part of the Luster: I have therefore used no disguises, nor indeed hesitated to mix some particulars in my relation which deserve to be kept secret; so that I have made this rather a little Book then a Letter, nor have I yet fully done, having forgot to relate to you the satisfaction of the Ambassador in having got out of so difficult an Employment: he magnifies his own Conduct, and has writ about it to his Countrey, as well as given an account thereof to the Mini∣sters residing from other Princes, at the happy Port. And he is so strongly perswaded that he hath done his Master con∣siderable Service; that he hath sent proofs of his acknowledg∣ment to all those he thought instrumental in procuring so mighty an advantage as the Pardon of the most invincible Emperor of the Musulmans.

The most discerning Vizir, so conducted this whole affair, to the sole Glory of our invincible Suitan; that there is not the least Circumstance, or most minute passage can be Inter∣preted to the contrary, except by men of shatter'd under∣standings; we are therefore confirmed by it, in that esteem which is due to his Merit: and may avow with justice the most submissive acknowledgments and thanks given him by the Ambassador, which were accompanied with Presents that testified the Gratitude due to this Minister, for so well re∣establishing the Negotiation, Trade and Alliance with the French, which without his Mediation to his Highness, was in hazard to have broke: The effects whereof could not have been otherways then Bloody.

The Ambassador believ'd himself much honoured by cer∣tain words of Gratitude, which lookt a little like thanks from the Grand Vizir: Nor has he wanted to acknowledge the pains and endeavours of the most illustrious Kehaia, the Resefen∣di Lord of the Clerks of the two Teskeredgis, Chaoux Pacha, Principal Usher of the Interpreter of the Port, and many o∣thers of whose Friendships he makes sure account. The Dowanier who mediated all, did not labour for nothing: his

reward was not forgotten, nor will be wanting hereafter for the proofs he will daily give the French, Merchants of his Friendship to them, or rather that he bears to himself.

I must, My Lord, say one word or two concerning the many mercies which God pours forth, on the Mighty Sultan of the Osmanli; of which, though we have a thousand Ex∣amples, in my opinion none are more visible or stronger proofs, then the Jealousie he is pleased to sow amongst Chri∣stian Princes: We know some of the effects this passion pro∣duces in the Countries of those Infidels: But if our Grandure and Power, which is arriv'd to so great a height, makes us not neglect to enter into the thoughts of this Subject, in certain particulars, which we have now before us, and which will instruct us in many things; we shall easily perceive it to be the perfect hand of God, which in Mercy to us so blinds the Christians, that most of their Princes are reduced to the necessity of seeking the friendship of the Port, to divert from them the fury of those Armies which Command Victory. And there may be discerned amongst the Christian Ambassa∣dors a most particular Application for the destruction of one another. They seem indeed only so many spyes, not upon our Government, but of what passes in the Countreys of their Neighbours: And above all of any weakness amongst them, of which they think themselves so happy to Inform us, that they even make us deaf with their news; and so the Glory of our Master, which permits not that we should have Ambassadors rende in their Courts, doth not the least preju∣dice to his Affairs. This Curse of God upon the Christians has gained us many Victories, and gives us easie Conquests: And you may discern a part of their Conduct, by what I have said about the business of Chio; and I may add truly, that there never appear'd so much Zeal amongst the Chri∣stian Ministers against those of France as then.

They would come and tell us. That the Emperor of France is an Ambitious and restless Prince, very Powerful and For∣tunate,

who disturbs all his Neighbours, and gives them great trouble by his Victories and Money, that he would seem to be a friend to the Port, whilst he gives great Succours in all places against it; that he values himself to the Pope by the great designs he hath against the Turks; that we ought to consider him as a dangerous Enemy, and the greatest Po∣litician of the World; that all the rest of Christendom was Confederating against him; and that the King of Germany expected but the renewing of the Truce with us, to put him∣self in the Head of the League against him. The Venetians, though for their particular Interest they should desire a War between us and the Germans, yet nevertheless have not cea∣sed to excite as much as possible, the hatred of his Highness to the French; and it is certain the Hollanders and others did the same: They would all have ingaged us in a Rupture with France; but the most discerning Vizir, who knows how to make his advantage of every thing, is very well plea∣sed with the Reparation of the French Ambassador. He can likewise, when he pleases, sell very dear to the German Mini∣ster, the Renewing the Truce; and in appearance preferrs doing so to that of the War, notwithstanding the interests of those would perswade the contrary: He will Attaque the Venetians sooner then they dream of, and not fail to draw Money from the others: He hears when he pleases, and sometimes lends an Ear to a business of which he will seem to understand nothing: He will cast out hopes, when neces∣sary, the more easily to deceive believing that most of those Negotiate with him, do but watch for opportunities to Co∣zen him; so it is very difficult to please him with any thing: Delays, spinning out time; a hastiness like Anger, and haughty Fierceness are to him Natural, and of great Advantage: He never Treats directly, in the beginning of a Negotiation, but leaves it to be managed by his most experienced Crea∣tures, the better to take his Measures, for its Conclusion: If he loves Money it is to Augment the Treasures of his Master; As his reason is Infinite, and capable of discerning what is in his Power, and what not, so he governs with an absolute

Authority, and cuts off the heads of any dare oppose him; and this way cannot chuse but be good, and pleasing to God, since it is for the Preservation and Propagation of the true Faith, and for increasing the Glory, and Prosperity of the Empe∣ror, who is the Protector and Defender of the Divine Unity; and the most worthy Successor of the greatest of the Prophets, Mouhamet Moustafa: I have thus weakly mention'd a few of those Qualities, which recommend our Grand Vizir; and I is may safely add, that it impossible but he should be a very able Man; having been Educated under the Conduct and Authori∣ty of the blessed Kedgia Mhammed Pacha, and of his Son Ahmet deceased, which were the Two Kieupruli's; He Acted and Govern'd under these two great Men: But to compleat his Character, we need only say, he is the Choice of the Emperor of the two Continents and two Seas; the Possessor of the two most August Cities, our Master; the Kalise of the Age, who has Conquer'd the Realm of Candia; and the most Impreg∣nable Fortress of Cameniek, whose Grandure God will in∣crease, and give him a blessed end: See my most honor'd Lord all I have to write to you: I beseech the most High God to fill you with his Grace, and to grant me that of ever serving You.

Notes

• Turkish Admiral.
• Chief Cu∣stomer.
• Two last Gand Vi∣zirs.
• Chief Se∣cretary.
• Gover∣nor of Con∣stantinople.
• Or Lord of the Clerks.
• L. Em∣bassador.
• Emperor
• Chief Usher.
• Emperor.
• Gipsie, or Fortune-Teller.
• Caesar Charles the Fifth.
• Or Ambas∣sador.
• So the Turks call all West∣ern-Chri∣stiars.
• Pallace.
• Master of the Robes.
• Master of Kequests.
• Stand.
• Porter••.
• His eldest Son.
• Boys of the Court.
• Whispe∣ring.
• Interpr••¦ters.
• Registers.