Purchas his pilgrimes. part 1 In fiue bookes. The first, contayning the voyages and peregrinations made by ancient kings, patriarkes, apostles, philosophers, and others, to and thorow the remoter parts of the knowne world: enquiries also of languages and religions, especially of the moderne diuersified professions of Christianitie. The second, a description of all the circum-nauigations of the globe. The third, nauigations and voyages of English-men, alongst the coasts of Africa ... The fourth, English voyages beyond the East Indies, to the ilands of Iapan, China, Cauchinchina, the Philippinæ with others ... The fifth, nauigations, voyages, traffiques, discoueries, of the English nation in the easterne parts of the world ... The first part.

CHAP. VIII. Certaine Obseruations written by others employed in the same Voyage, Master COPLAND Minister, ROBERT BONER Master, NICHOLAS WITHING∣TON Merchant.

[ 30]

§. I. Remembrances taken out of a Tractate written by Master PATRIKE COPLAND Minister in the former Voyage.

IN the Tropickes are seldome or no stormes, but a smooth Sea with soft gales: fly∣ing fishes are frequent as bigge as a small Whiting: they flye twice the length of a ship. Turnados (gusts within two degrees of the Line) cause all things, spe∣cially cloaths, to smell. They had ninetie or a hundred sicke, the rest weake, be∣fore they came to Soldania. [ 40]

The Bay of Soldania and all about the Cape is so healthfull and fruitfull, as might grow a Paradise of the World; it well agrees with English bodies, for all but one in twen∣tie dayes recouered, as at the first day they set forth. They had then in Iune, Snow vpon the hils, the weather warmish. The Countrey is mixed, Mountaines, Plaines, Medowes, Streames, the Woods as if they were artificially planted for order. There is free stone to build with, plen∣tie of fish and fowle, wilde Geese, Partriches and Duckes, Antilopes, Deere, Riuers. They had thirtie nine Beeues, one hundred and fifteene sheepe for a little Brasse cut out of two or three old Kettles. For the sheepe worth one penny, or one penny halfe penny the piece; the Beeues twelue pence. The people are louing, afraid at first by reason of the vnkindnesse of Dutch (which came there to make traine Oyle, who killed and stole their Cattell) and at our returne more [ 50] kind: of middle size, well limmed, very nimble and actiue. They dance in true measure all na∣ked, only weare a short Cloke of sheepe or Seale skinnes to their middle, the hairie side inward, a Cap of the same, and a kind of Rats skinne about their priuities; some had a Sole on their feet tyed about; their neckes were adorned with greasie Tripes, which sometimes they would pull off and eat raw. When we threw away their beasts entrailes, they would eate them halfe raw, the bloud lothsomely slauering: Bracelets about their armes they had of Copper or Iuorie, with many Ostrich feathers and shels.

The Womens habit is as the Mens. They were shame-fac't at first; but at our returne home∣wards they would lift vp their Rat-skinnes and shew their priuities. Their Breasts hang to the middle, their haire curled. Copper with them 〈◊〉〈◊〉 Gold; Iron, Siluer; their Houses little Tents in [ 60] the field, of Skins, moueable at pleasure, their Language with doubling the tongue in their throat. There is a high hill, called the Table, ouer-couering all the adioyning Territories one hundred miles. Some went and discouered many Bayes and Riuers. The Negroes behaued themselues peaceably at Sinon, yet seeme of little or no Religion, they cut their skinnes like Baals Priests, one seemed (by making price) to be Commander.

The Guzerates, tooke sea-coale to carry for a wonder to the Mogol. The Portugall Fleete was two hundred fortie sayle of Frigats, Merchants bound for Cambaya, which furnish the Carracks, foure Gallions, with twenty fiue or twenty sixe Frigats. The Admirall was Numo de Ancuna. When the Sabandar perswaded him to keep between vs and shoare; he answered proudly, that he scorned to spend a weekes prouision on his men in hindering vs, being able to force vs to yeeld in an houre. They had all red colours displayed. After three fights, they manned a Frigat, with sixe or seuen score best men to fire vs, which were all sunke.

Medhaphrabads is now ruined by the Mogols warres, which sometime hath beene a faire Ci∣tie, and walled. Here was a Castle kept by the Ratspuches, in which at that time a strong Rebell [ 10] to the Mogoll, was besieged by the Nabob, with fiftie or sixtie thousand people in his Campe. The Nabob had a stately and spacious Tent, couered aboue with Cloth of Gold, beneath spread with Turkie Carpets. The Generall would not stirre till he had taken the Castle. He sent a horse, and two Vests wrought with Silke and Gold to our Generall, and foure Vests for foure other. They haue store of good Grapes, yet none but Rasin wine.

The three and twentieth and foure and twentieth of December, in view of the whole Army we had a second fight, and forced them first to cut their Cables, and then flee from vs, being better of saile then we.

I rode to Surat in a Coach drawne with Oxen (which is most ordinary, though they haue store of goodly horses) here in the way was the goodliest Spring and Haruest together that euer I saw; the Fields ioyning, one greene as a Meadow, the other yellow as Gold, ready to bee cut: their [ 20] graine Wheat and Rice; they haue excellent bread. All along were goodly Villages, full of Trees yeelding Taddy, like new sweet wine, much strengthening and fatting. Surat hath stone and bricke houses faire, square, flat-roofed, goodly Gardens, with Pomegranats, Pomecitrons, Li∣mons, Melons, Figs, continuing all the yeere, with curious springs of fresh water: the people are graue, iudicious, neat, tall, goodly cloathed in long white Callico or Silke robes.

The Sabandar assured vs, that we had killed of the Portugals aboue three hundred and fiftie: we heard after that there were spoyled and killed aboue fiue hundred. The Generall sent Letters by land, and the Messenger with his Indian were poysoned by two Friers homewards: but a second Letter was deliuered to a Mariner, which came to their hands.

[ 30] The twelfth of Aprill, they anchored in the road of Achen, where the King welcomed our men. The Arancaia came riding in a Tent on an Elephants backe, with two or three of the Kings boyes (for he is attended with Boyes abroad, Women within) holding a Bason of Gold, to re∣ceiue the Kings letter. Our Generall followed with fortie or fiftie men. After the Letter and Present deliuered, the King told vs we should see some of his Pastime, and called for his Cockes, which after they haue fought about once or twice, they take them vp, bath them, picke their fea∣thers, and sow vp their wounds. After an houre thus spent in Cock-fighting: his Rammes fought very fiercely; then his tame Elephants more cruelly: then his Buffles most stomackfully. Finally, our Antilopes wherewith our Generall had presented him, whose fight best pleased him. Hee all this while drinkes Tobacco in a Siluer Pipe; giuen by his Women which are in close roome be∣hind [ 40] him. After this Supper was serued in by young Boyes of foureteene or fifteene yeeres in Swasse (a mettall halfe Copper halfe Gold.) This Supper continued from seuen till almost twelue, in which we had foure hundred dishes with hot drinkes. The next day the Kings sent the Gene∣rall an Elephant to ride on, and appointed one of his chiefe Arancaias to attend him alwayes. They had continuall free accesse granted, without the Kings Creese (which is vsed as a Scepter) and promise to ratifie the Articles agreed vpon by his Predecessors, and Sir Iames Lancaster.

The second of May, all Srangers were invited to a banquet sixe miles off, for which purpose two Elephants were sent for our Generall. Here were all the dishes brought by water, the boyes holding the dish with one hand, and swimming with the other: so did they carrie the strong drinke also, whereof when they had tasted (which they must of all) they threw the rest into the Riuer. It continued from one till fiue. In it were fiue hundred dishes well dressed. Our General [ 50] (weary with sitting by the King thus long in the water) was dismissed an houre before the rest. The Captaine of the Dutch house, taking there his bane, either with hot drinke, or cold sitting so long in the water, soone after died.

The Second of Iune, they were entertained with a fight of foure Elephants, with a wild Ty∣gre tied at a stake, which yet fastening on their Trunks and legges, made them to roare and bleed extreamely. This day we were told, that one eye of a Noble man was plucked out, for looking on one of the Kings women washing in a Riuer. Another Gentleman wearing a Shash, had his head round cut so farre as that was too large. Some he is said to boyle in scalding oyle, some are sawne a peices, others their legges cut off, or spitted aliue, or empaled on stakes.

The twentie fifth, was before the King a fight of wild Elephants, which would quickly kill [ 60] each other, but that some tame are made fast to them, which draw them backe, sometime eighty or an hundred men helping. They se•• one wild betweene two tame to tame them. He sent the King a Letter, for painting and writing most stately, a Creese, &c. for a Present.

The Letter is thus Englished.

PEDVCKA SIRIE SVLTAN King of Kings, renowmed for his Warres, and sole King of Sumatra, and a King more famous then his Predecessors, feared in his Kingdome, and honoured of all bordering Nations: in Whom there is the true Image of a King, in whome raignes the true methode of Gouernment, formed as it were of the most pure Mettall, and adorned with the most fi∣nest colours; Whose Seat is high, and most compleat, like to a Christall Riuer, pure and cleare as the Chri∣stall Glasse: From whom floweth the pure streame of Bountie and Iustice: whose Presence is as the finest Gold, King of Priaman, and of the Mountaine of Gold, viz. Solida, and Lord of nine sorts of Stones, King of two Sombrieroes of beaten Gold, hauing for his Seats mats of Gold, his furniture for his Hor∣ses and Armour for himselfe, being likewise of pure Gold. His Elephant with teeth of Gold, and all Pro∣uisions [ 10] thereunto belonging: his Lances halfe Gold, halfe Siluer, his small shot of the same; a Saddle also for an other Elephant of the same Mettall: a Tent of Siluer, and all his Scales halfe Gold halfe Siluer. His Vessels for bathing of pure Gold, his Sepulchre of Gold (whereas his Predecessours had all these halfe Gold halfe Siluer) his seruices compleat of Gold and Siluer. A King, vnder whom there are many Kings, ha∣uing taken the King of Arrow: All the Countrey of Priaman, Tecoo, Barouse, beeing subdued by him, is now vnder his Command: Seuentie Elephants, and much Prouisions carried by sea, to make his Warres at Arrow, where God gaue me more Victory, then any of my Predecessors.

This Great King sendeth this Letter of Salutation to IAMES, King of Great Britaine, viz. Eng∣land, Scotland, France, and Ireland, To signifie the great content he hath receiued by his Highnesse Let∣ter, deliuered by the hands of Arancaia Pulo, Thomas Best his Maiesties Embassadour, at the receipt [ 20] whereof, his eyes were surprized with a Celestiall brightnesse, and his spirits rauished with a Diuine ioy: the opening thereof rendred a sauour more fragrant then the most odoriferous Flowers, or sweetest perfumes in the World. For which cause, I the great King of Sumatra, doe professe my Selfe to bee of one heart, of one mind, and of one flesh with the most Potent Prince IAMES K. of England, and do earnestly desire that the League begun, may be continued to all Posterities. And herein I take my greatest Felicitie, there being nothing in the World more pleasant or ioyfull to me. And for a Testimony of my desire, that the League and Amitie begun may be continued betwixt Vs, I have returned this Letter vnto your Maiestie, making also my Prayers vnto the Great GOD for the continuance of the same. And it shall be my greatest Ho∣nour, to receiue Memoriall from so Great a Potentate, and so remote a Nation. And for a Pledge of my [ 30] Loue, and Honour, and continuance of Our League, I send your Maiestie a Creese wrought with Gold, the Hilt thereof being beaten Gold, with a Ring of Stones, an Assagaya of Swasse, halfe Copper halfe Gold, eight Purs••an Dishes small and great, of Camsire one piece of sowring stuffe, three pieces of Calico Lawne: Which your Maiestie accepting as from a Brother, I shall rest satisfied, and much honoured. And so with my Prayers to the Great GOD, Creator of Heauen and Earth for your Maiesties long life, with Vi∣ctory ouer your enemies, and Prosperitie in your Land.

Giuen at our Pallace of Achen, the 1022. yeere of Mahomet, by the accompt of the Moores.

This King of Achen is a proper Gallant man of Warre, of thirty two yeares, of middle size, fall of spirit, strong by sea and land, his Countrey populous; his Elephants many, whereof wee saw one hundred sixtie, or one hundred eightie at a time, his Gallies and Frigats carry in them ve∣ry [ 40] good Brasse Ordnance, Demicanon, Culuerin, Sakar, Minion, &c. his building stately and spa∣cious, though not strong; his Court at Achen pleasant, hauing a goodly branch of the Maine Ri∣uer about and through his Pallace, which branch he cut and brought sixe or eight miles off, in twenty dayes, while we continued at Achen. Sumatra is very Mountainous and Woodie: the people courteous: wept at our departure, leauing little without his chop. Strangers may neither come at him, nor depart from him. He desired the Generall to commend him to the King of England, and to entreat him to send him two white women. For (said hee) if I beget one of them with child, and it prooue a Sonne, I will make him King of Priaman, Passaman, and of the Coast from whence you fetch your Pepper: so that yee shall not need to come any more to mee, [ 50] but to your owne English King for these Commodities. Iuly the twelfth we tooke leaue of A∣chen.

The ninth of August they went on shoare at Tecoo: here they stayed eleuen weekes, bought one hundred twenty Tunne of Pepper, buried twenty fiue men, which got their death at Passa∣man, for Tecoo is healthfull. Pepper growes most at Passaman, and the Countrey about.

I haue thought good also here to adde a word or two taken out of the Iournall of Nathaniel S••l∣mon, Master of the Salomon.

The Sabandar counselled the Admirall Nunha del Cunha, to cause his Frigats to ride betwixt the shoare and vs, so to keepe vs from watering, which he refused: yea, M. Canning (which had [ 60] been taken by them) was deliuered at our house in scorne, they professing this their only feare and care, least we should run away. The three that were driuen a ground had there perished, but for their Frigats. Out of the fire-Frigat were taken vp eightie foure men drowned. The Dragon in these fights hath spent sixe hundred thirtie nine great shot, and we three hundred eightie seuen.

§. II. Notes taken out of M. Robert Boners Iournall, who was then Master in the Dragon.

THe first of February, hauing receiued in all prouisions for so long a Voyage, we set saile from Grauesend, and the same day at ten of the clocke we anchored in the Hope.

Aprill the thirteenth, wee had the generall wind. Note that you shall seldome meete with the generall wind, till you come in two or three degrees to the South-ward of the Line, and then, when you come to meete with the Ternadoes, (as you shall be [ 10] sure to meete them in two or three, and sometimes in foure degrees to the North-ward of the Line: you must be very diligent to ply to the South-ward) for therein lyeth the mayne of your good or bad passage, and likewise for the health of your men, or they are very vnhealthfull, and for passing the Line, order it so by your course from Maio, that you may passe the Line be∣twixt seuen and ten degrees of longitude from the Lizard. But couet not to come within sixe degrees, for feare of the calmes vpon the Coast of Guinea, and not without ten degrees of lon∣gitude from the Lizard, if it be possible, for feare of meeting with the West North-west streame, that sets alongst the Coast of Brasil, and so into the West-Indies. And so passing the Line in se∣uen, eight, or nine degrees to the West-ward of the Meridian of the Lizard, you shall not feare the flats of Brasil. For the generall wind will blow at the East South-east, and at South-east; so [ 20] that you shall make a South South-west way commonly, and so keepe the ship good full, that she may goe through, for there is losse of time, in hawking of the ship crosse by the wind, there∣fore giue her a fathome of the sheete.

Note, he that comes out of the Sea, bound in for the of Bay of Soldania, let him keep himselfe betweene thirtie three degrees fiftie minutes, and thirtie foure degrees twentie minutes of lati∣tude, so shall you be sure not to come much wide of the Bay. If seeing the land you find it high, then you are to the South-west-ward of the Bay; if low sand hils, then know that you are to the North-ward of the Bay of Soldania. But falling with the high land to the South-ward of the Bay, which is betwixt the Cape and the Bay, the land lyeth North North-west, and South South-east from the Cape seuen leagues, and then it trents away North-east and South-west, [ 30] towards the point of the Sugar-loafe, some foure leagues: and from this point of the Sugar-loafe lyeth Penguin Iland, but keepe faire by the point: for two miles from Penguin Iland lyes a shoales: it is from the point to the Iland some seuen or eight miles North and South, and so borrowing on the said point, at eight or nine fathome, your course South-east, and East South-east, vntill you bring the Table South South west, and the Sugar-loafe hill South-west and by West, and so you may anchor in sixe and an halfe or sixe fathome, as you will, and then will the point of the land by the Sugar-loafe beare from you West North-west, and Penguin Iland North North-west some three leagues off, and the point some two miles off. The latitude of the Bay of Soldania, I meane of the point going in, is thirtie foure degrees fiue minutes, the variation of the Needle is fortie minutes Easterly: when you come in with the [ 40] land heereabouts (although it be thicke) feare not: for the land is bold within a Cables length.

I am of opinion that the Current neere Cape Das Aguilhas sets Southerly not past fiftie or sixtie leagues off the land, and therefore being bound to the East-ward haule off the land sixtie leagues, after you are to the East-ward of Cape Das Aguilhas, so shall you find no Current. The land lyes from the Cape Das Aguilhas, ninetie or one hundred leagues East Northerly, and not as in the Cards East North-east.

Ino de Noua, is a low ragged Iland, about foure miles in length, lying South South-east, and North North-west. This Iland hath latitude seuenteene degrees thirtie minutes, and longitude from the Cape of Good Hope, nineteene degrees fortie minutes, &c. Wee had no ground at one hundred fathome: we can perceiue no danger from it, only at the South South-east end of it lies [ 50] a small breach about a mile off: therefore feare not to haule in sight of it, being bound this waies, for if you shall haule ouer for the Maine, you shall be mightily troubled with a strong Current setting to the South-ward, and there are likewise many dangerous bankes, whereon many Por∣tugals haue lost their ships, wherefore before you haule not much to the West-ward of this Ile Ino de Noua, for you may very boldly haule in sight of it without danger, and so shall you not meete with the Current.

The eight & twentieth day of Nouember, we receiued a Letter from M. Canning, & our Purser cōcerning foure Gallions of War, with thirty saile of Frigats, which were comming to fight with vs. And this day we saw them some two leagues to the South-ward of the Barre of Surat. This day the Sabandar of Surat came aboord to veiw vs as wee iudge being a friend to the Portugals, [ 60] but the more he looked the worse he liked, we hauing all things readie, &c.

The nine and twentieth day, at two in the after-noone wee set saile, and stood with the foure Gallions and Frigats which were come within some two leagues of vs. The first which we met withall was the Vice-Admirall: wee gaue her such a welcome, as that she was glad to haste vnto the rest with all speed: night being neere and our long Boat sunke, at our sterne with an vnluc∣key shot, we anchored.

The thirtieth day, early in the moorning wee set saile, and stood with them, and after some houres sight put three of the Gallions ashoare on the offermost sand, and then wee stood into deeper water, and anchored: their Frigats were straight aboord the ships aground, and shoared them vp with their yards, or els I thinke they had neuer come off. Assoone as the Floud came wee weighed, but they were afloate ere wee could get to them: wee fought with them till it was darke, and had one man kild, and another hurt.

The first day of December, 1612. we roade within a league one of the other, alwayes we had thought they would haue come to vs, we hauing gone to them three seuerall times, but they are not so hastie, I thinke they haue more minde to goe for Goa againe.

The nineteenth day, there came a second Messenger from a great Lord of the great Mogols [ 10] from a place called the Castellet, which place this great man lyes in Campe against, sending our Generall word that if he will but come thwart that place with his ships to grace him, hee will be a sworne friend vnto the English for euer. The Generall hearing that hee was a great man in fauour with the King, resolued to goe spend a day or two with him, to see what his desire was.

The twentieth day, we anchored thwart of the Campe beeing close by the Sea-side, for the Castle besieged butted vpon the Sea, they in the Castle being a companie of Rebels and Rouers on the Sea.

The one and twentieth day, vpon the receit of good caution for his person, our Generall lan∣ded, and at three returned to ship.

The two and twentieth day, we saw the foure Gallions and Frigats againe in sight, hauing [ 20] beene at Diu for more fresh Souldiers, to haue a bout more with vs. At night they anchored within a mile of vs.

The three and twentieth day by day light, we were vnder-saile, and stood with the Admirall, and so fought till two of the clocke, at which time they cut their Cable, and began to runne, the Admirall hauing receiued a shot vnder water: but the helpe of the Frigats brought her vpon the Carine presently, and stopped it, and so for this time fled, all the Campe standing by the Sea-side looking on vs, within a league or two miles of vs. For a great Commander did there iust by vs besiege a Castle holden by Rebels and Pirats, and were willing Spectators of this Sea-fight.

The foure and twentieth day, we stood with them againe, and fought with them till two or three of the clocke in the after-noone. They fled, and being light ships and cleane, went from vs: one man kild, and no more hurt, praysed be God for all his mercies. Note, that wee haue spent [ 30] sixe hundred eightie great shot, and three thousand small shot out of the Dragon, and some sixtie Barrels of Powder: their Admirall had thirtie eight Peeces, and the rest thirtie by ship, very good Ordnance. This night we steered for Surat South-east, to haule without the sands. South from Mea some sixe leagues off lyes the first spit, on which sand the Ascension was lost.

The fo••rth day of February 1612. wee set saile and stood to the South-ward, wind at North North-west.

The fifth day, being some eight leagues short of Cape Comorin, wee met with the wind at East very much wind, so that we plaine see there is no going to the East-wards, the Easterly Monson not being done. Heere we anchored at a point of the land, from which point the land [ 40] trents away East South-east with the Cape of Comorin, and distant eight leagues: but beware how you come neere this point, for thwa••t of it foure miles off lyes two sunken Rockes close by the edge of the water, and lyes in the streame of twentie or twentie two fathomes: wherefore keepe off in twentie eight or thirtie fathome, and feare them not. But bee sure that you keepe within thirtie fiue or fortie fathome, for the Current sets off South with the Maldines, and being calme some Portugall ships haue beene driuen to the Maldines, and beene in great danger. You shall know this point from the which these two sunken Rockes lye, by this. Thwart of the point lye two bigge Rockes a good heighth aboue the water: a league right off from the Easter∣most of the dry Rockes lye the two sunken Rockes, where we reade, the two dry rockes did beare from vs South-east and by East foure miles of the Northermost: here the people will come [ 50] aboord of your ship euery day with prouisions as Hens, and Hogges with linnesse in their little Canoes.

The fiue and twentieth day at foure a clocke, the Cape of Comorin did beare North North-west some foure leagues off. Note, that the Cape it sel••e is very low land with two craggie Rockes lying a little from it, but vp in the Countrey, high ragged land; the Cape of Comorin hath latitude seuen degrees fiftie minutes and longitude from the Meridian of the Cape of Good Hope, fiftie seuen degrees twentie minutes East. The variation is fourteene degrees thirtie mi∣nutes Westerly: we haue very faire shoalding off from it twentie foure fathomes, foure leagues of sand, from the Cape the land trents away East North-east.

I doe thinke that the Gulfe of Cambaya is the worst place in all the Indies for W••rmes, and [ 60] therefore the ships which goe for Surat, must haue good prouision. The Barre of Surat hath la∣titude twentie one degrees ten minutes, and l••ngitude from the Cape of Good Hope fiftie three degrees thirtie minutes Easterly. Variation sixteene degrees fiftie minutes Westerly. Latitude of Swally is twentie one degrees twentie minutes. Variation seuenteene degrees no minutes.

The Road of Achen hath latitude fiue degrees fortie minutes South, and longitude from the Cape of Good Hope of seuentie three deg. thirtie foure min. East. And from the Cape of Comorin about sixteene degrees twentie minutes East. The variation is sixe degrees thirtie minutes We∣sterly. As you ride in the Road one high great Iland will beare North of you, distant some sixe leagues, and the two other bigge Ilands will beare from the West South-west to the North-west and by West, anchor hold good: in the Westerly Monson, you shall haue many times very much wind, with g••sts of raine, but you shall ride very well: there goes a small Current to the East-ward, and West-ward in manner of a tyde, but not so certaine, and heights and fals some fiue [ 10] or sixe foot water.

The King loueth our Generall exceeding well, in so much that hee maketh no sport, but hee commands some one of his Nobles to goe for the Arrankaia Putee, for so hath hee named him: so that all the Citie through is he called by that name, and all our men by the common people very kindly entertayned, more then euer any strangers heretofore haue beene.

In steering North North-west from the little Iland, which lyes South-west and by West se∣uen leagues from Priaman Iland, wee saw a shoald bearing from the said little Iland South-east and by South fiue miles off. We sent our Boat to it, who found it but three fathome Rockes. From this shoald the Homockes of Tecu beare North and by West: wherefore beeing bound for Tecu, keepe off, so that the Homockes may beare North, or North and by East, and feare not. The Homockes are two round 〈◊〉〈◊〉 standing vpon the low-land close by the Sea-side. At two a [ 20] clocke we saw the three little round Ilands of Tecu, which Ilands you must ride vnder, they beare of vs, North and by East some foure leagues off, wee steere North, keeping the Ilands open on our starboord bow.

Note, that by good looking out you shall perceiue any danger by this: it will shew it selfe in white spots. For otherwise the Sea is of his perfect colour, as in the maine Ocean. At night wee anchored within two leagues of the two outermost Ilands of Tecu in thirtie fathomes, the Ilands bearing North and by East, and the Homocks North Easterly.

Note, the Homockes doe stand some three leagues to the Northward of the Ilands of Tecu, there being in all three of them, but the Northermost of the three Homockes doth not shew it selfe so perfectly, as the other doe.

[ 30] The seuenth of August in the morning, weighed and plyed in, the wind at the North North-east of the land we see a shoale, bearing from the two offermost Ilands of Tecu South-west & by South foure or fiue miles off, right in the faire way. We sent our Boat to it and found it but two fathome & a halfe, being a Rocke of two Cables length long. This is the vnluckey Rocke where∣on the Princely Trade receiued her destruction, as we vnderstand by those people. About eleuen of the clocke we anchored on the Easter-side of the vttermost Iland in nine fathome, soft, Ozie, praysed be God. Riding vnder this outward Iland of the three we saw a breach, bearing South halfe Easterly, and another South and by East some three or foure leagues off, which breach as you come for this place, you must leaue betwixt you and the shoare: wherefore keepe this outer Iland North and by East, or North North-east, and feare nothing. But beware when you come [ 40] within two leagues of this Iland. For South-west and by South two leagues or fiue miles off lyes the Rocke whereon the vnhappie Trade grounded. Wherefore keepe this Iland North and by East, and vpon life feare not, your depth as you come neere the Iland will bee from thirtie to ten, nine and eight fathomes soft, Ozie, you shall haue nine fathomes within your ships length of either side of the Iland.

The ninth day, some people came aboord: we find them very base and subtile.

The eleuenth day, the Hoziander departed for Priaman, to shew them likewise that wee haue brought the Kings Letter of Achen, without the which you cannot trade. Note, that as wee ride here vpon the Poope, we see the foure Ilands of Priaman bearing South-east and by South some seuen leagues off.

[ 50] This day at nine of the clocke wee sailed into the inner Roade, which is betwixt the Mayne and the innermost Iland, halfe a mile from the Mayne, and a Cables length from the Iland, your depth foure fathome soft, Ozie, our depth in was twentie two foot being halfe tyde, it highes and fals some fiue or sixe foot water, the tyde, as I perceiue, runnes twelue houres North North-west, and twelue houres contrarie. To the North-ward of all the Ilands in comming in you shall haue foure fathomes and an halfe: but keepe neere the inner Iland, for from the Mayne on that side lyes a shoald. The Ilands are all of one bignesse, being halfe a mile a piece in circuit, they will beare from the South-west and by South to the North-west: your best water is on the Ilan••: digge a Well, and presently water comes. Thus much out of Master Boner; the rest you haue be∣fore in Captaine Best.

[ 60]

§. III. Extracts of a Tractate, written by NICHOLAS WHITHINGTON, which was left in the Mogols Countrey by Captaine BEST, a Factor, his Aduentures and Trauels therein.

THe eleuenth of Aprill, 1612. we crossed the Eq••inoctiall: foule weather eight daies together, wind and raine. Soldania sheep are hairy: the B••e••es large, and most leane; the people Negros, woolly pates, flat nosed, very straight o•• body▪ the men haue but one stone a peece; the other is cut out when they are yong: apparelled with a skin [ 10] about their shoulders, which reacheth downe to the waste, the skin of a Rat••e before their mem∣bers, another on their bumme, else naked: some cappes of leather close to their pates, and shoo-soles to their feet, much broader and longer then their feet: their armes very small: Lances with heads artificially made: Bowes and Arrowes of little or no force: they are very expert in throw∣ing their Darts, wherewith they kill many fish in the Sea: they weare about their neckes guts of sheepe and oxen, smelling, which being hungry they eate; and would scramble for our gar∣bage like dogges, and eate it raw and foule.

The six and twentieth of Iuly, they had sight of Saint Laurence. The thirteenth of August, crossed the Equinoctiall, temperate weather: on the thirtieth, they saw Snakes in the Sea in [ 20] eighteene degrees and a halfe, one and thirtie min. white water at nineteene fathoms. The first of September, they saw land. The second, anchor against Daman Towne, inhabited and conquered by Portugalls. The Fluxe infested them all that remained on land at Surat. Master Aldworth was sicke forty dayes. Strangers heere present any Inhabitants of fashion whom he visits; and they returne presents. Notwithstanding Sir Henry Middleton taking their ships in the Red-sea, yet they promised vs good dealing, considering else they must burne their ships (said Mill Ieffed, one of the chiefe Merchants of Surat) and giue ouer their trade by Sea. Imposs••ble it was to haue any trade at Surat, by reason of Portugall Frigats in the Riuers mouth. Therefore the Generall repai∣red with his ships to Swally, whence he might by land go and come without danger.

The third of October, Sheke Shuffe, Gouernour of Amadauar, chiefe Citie of Guzerat, came to Surat, and so to Swally, and agreed vpon Articles. Master Canning had been taken by the Por∣tugals, [ 30] but the Vice-Roy commanded to set him ashoare at Surat, saying, Let him goe helpe his Country-men to fight, and then we will take their ship, and the rest of them altogether. But the P••rser made and escape, and so came to vs on land: Master Canning was set on shoare at Surat, ac∣cording to promise, and so went aboord. And the same day, being the twentieth ninth of Octo∣ber, the foure Portugall Gallions, with a whole Fleet of Frigats, came in sight. The Generall, after words of encouragement, met them, and neuer shot one shot, till hee came betweene their Admirall and Vice-Admirall, gaue each a broad side, and a volly of small shot, which made them come no more neare for that day. The other two ships were not as yet come vp; and the Hosi∣ander could not get cleare of her anchors, and shot not one shot that day. In the euening all came to an anchor in sight of other; and the next morning renued their fight: the Hosiander brauely [ 40] redeemed the former dayes doing nothing: the Dragon droue three of them on ground, and the Hosiander daunced the Hay about them, so that they durst not shew a man vpon the Hatches. In the after-noone they got aflote with the flood, and fought till night; then anchored, and lay still the next day.

The next day after, the Dragon drawing much water, and the Bay shallow, remooued to the other side of the Bay, rode at Mendafrobay, where all that time Sarder Cham, a great Noble-man of the Mogolls, with two thousand Horse, was besieging a Castle of the Razbooches (which were before the Mogolls Conquest, the Nobles of that countrey now liuing by robbery). He pre∣sented our Generall with a horse and furniture, which he againe gaue to the Gouernour of Goga, a Port Towne to the West of Surat. After ten dayes stay heere, the Portugalls hauing refreshed, [ 50] came thither to our ships. Sarder Cham councelled to flee: but the Generall chased the Portugals in foure houres, driuing them out of sigh••, before thousands of the countrey people, Sarder Cham relating this to the King (after the Castle razed) to his admira••ion, w••ich thought none like the Portugalls at sea. The seuen and twentieth of December, they returned to Swally, hauing lost three Saylers, and one mans arme shot off: Portugals confesse of theirs an hundred and sixtie, some report three hundred and odde.

The thirteenth of Ianuary, I was entertained Factor, and bound to the Company in foure hundred pound. The ship departed the eighteenth of Ianuary, the Gallions neu••r offering one shot. Anthony Starkey was sent for England. Master Canning was seuentie dayes on the way be∣tweene [ 60] Surat and Agra, with many troubles, set on by the enemie, who shot him into the b••lly with an Arrow, and another English man thorow the arme, and killed and hurt many of his Pi∣ons. He was cured before his arriuall at Agra. Two of his English ••ell ••ut with him and retur∣ned, leauing two Musicians onely to attend him. The ninth of Aprill he arriued: the tenth pre∣sented

the King with our Kings Letter, and a Present of little value. He asked if our King sent that present: who answered, it was sent by the Merchants. The King graced him with a cup of wine from his owne hands, and referred him to Moracke Chan. One of the Musicians dyed, and was buried in the Portugalls Church-yard, whom they tooke vp, and buried in the high-way: but vpon complaint, were compelled by the King to bury him there againe, threatning to turne them all out of his Countrey, and their buryed bodies out of their Church-yard.

After this Master Canning wrote of the feare hee was in to be poysoned by the Iesuits, and therefore desired that I might come vp to assist him; which amongst vs at Surat was concluded. The nine and twentieth of May, 1613. he dyed: and so Master Keridge went the two and twen∣tieth [ 10] of Iune. I should haue been sent by the way of Mocha to England, but the Master of the ship which went, said it was impossible, except I were circumcised, to come neare Mecca.

The thirteenth of October, 1613. the ship returned, and our Messenger taken, notwithstan∣ding their late passe at the Barre of Surat, by the Portugalls Armada of Frigats, worth an hun∣dred thousand pound, with seuen hundred persons going to Goa. This is like to be their ouer∣throw heere, for no Portugall might passe without a suretie, nor in, nor out. Merchants of Surat are by this meanes impouerished, and our goods left in our hands: with which we went to Ama∣dabar. Iohn Alkin which had runne from Sir Henry Middleton to the Portugalls, came now to vs, told vs of diuers their Townes besieged by the Decanes, and other neighbouring Moores: in so much that they were faine to send away many hundreths of Banians, and many others that [ 20] dwelt amongst them, for want of victuals: three Barkes of which came to Surat, and diuers o∣thers to Cambaya. Their weaknesse in fight with vs caused all this. Robert Claxon of the Dragon, fled to Portugall for feare of punishment, and came to vs with an Almayne, which had been slaue in Turkie. Robert Iohnson came to the Portugals, and thence intending to vs, passing thorow the Decanes Countrey, was perswaded by another English man, which was turned Moore, and liued there: and was circumcised, and receiued seuen sh••llings six pence a day of the King and his diet at the Kings table: But eight dayes after his Circumcision he died. Robert Trully, the Musician in Agra, not agreeing with Master Kerridge, went to the King of Decan, and carrying with him a German for interpreter, offered both to turne Moores. Trully had in his Circumcision a new name giuen, with great allowance from the King, with whom he continues. But the German former∣ly [ 30] cut in Persia, now thought to deceiue the Decan, but was not entertained: he returned to A∣gra, and serueth a French man, and goeth to Masse againe. Robert Claxon also turned Moore, at the Decan Court had good allowance: but not content, came to Surat, and prouoked pitie with seeming penitence, but getting some fortie and odde pounds, vnder pretence of buying commons, gaue them the slip, and returned whence he came. So there are foure English with the Decan, and diuers Portugal Moores.

The seuen and twentieth of October, 1613. we receiued letters from Mesulopatan of Master Gurney, written by Captaine Marlo of the Iames, of their arri••all and trade. From Surat I went to Periano three Course: to Cosumbay a little Village 10 ^c. Barocho 10 ^c. a prettie Citie on a high hill, compassed with a wall, a great Riuer running by, as broad as Thames; diuers shippes of two [ 40] hundred tunnes and odde there riding: best Calicoes in the Kingdome, store of Cotton: to Sarin∣ga 10 ^c. to Carron 10 ^c. to Boldia a lesse Citie then Barocho, but faire built, a strong wall, and three thousand horse vnder Mussuff Chan: to Wassach a Riuer 10 ^c. where Mussuff was ready to fight with the Razbooches or Radgepoots, that lay on the other side the Riuer: the chiefe of these of the race of the old Kings of Surat: to Niriand 14^c. a great Towne where they make Indico. To Amadabar 10 ^c. chiefe City of Guzerat, neare as great as London, walled with a strong wall, situate in the Plain by the Riuer side, store of Merchants Moores, Christians, Heathens: Commodi∣ties are Indicoes, Cloath of gold, siluer Tissue, Veluets (not comparable to ours) Ta••fataes, Gum∣buck, coloured Baffataes, Drugges, &c. Abdalachon Gouernor, a man of fiue thousand horse pay. I went from thence to Cambaya, seuen course to Barengeo, where euery Tuesday the Cafily of Cam∣baya [ 50] meete, and so keepe company for feare of theeues. Hence sixteene course to Soquatera, a fine Towne well manned with souldiers. Departed at midnight, and about eight of the clocke next morning came 10 ^c. to Cambaya.

In Nouember, we rode to Serkeffe, three course from Amadabar, where are the Sepulchres of the Kings of Guzerat, a very delicate Church and faire Tombes, which are kept very comely, much resort to visite them from all parts of the Kingdome: a course off is a pleasant House, with a Garden a mile about, by the Riuers side, which Chon Chin Naw, the greatest of the Mogoll No∣bilitie, built in memoriall of the great victory which he got of the last King of Guzerat, whom he tooke prisoner, and subiected his Kingdome, the battell being fought in this place. No man dwells in this house, but a few poore men keepe the Or••••yard. We lodged one night in it, and [ 60] sent for six Fisher-men, who in halfe an houre tooke vs more fish then all our company could eat.

The eight and twentieth of Nouember, we had newes at Amadabar of three English shippes arriued at Lowribander, the Port Towne of Gutu Negar Tutta, chiefe Citie of Sinda. A French Iesuit at Amadabar made poore, by the Portugals imbarkement, begged of our Agent, who gaue him ten Rupias. I was sent thither, and the the thirteenh of December came to Cassumparo,

where I ouertooke a Caphilo, trauelling to Radenpare, six dayes iourney on my way, fourteene to Callitalowny, a faire Castle: thirteene 7 ^c. to Callwalla, a pretty Village, which Ecbar gaue to a company of women, and their posterity for euer, to bring vp their children in dancing, &c. they did this in our Carauan, euery man giuing them somewhat; and then they openly asked if any wanted a bed-fellow. The sixteenth 8 ^c. to Carrya, where is a well manned Fortresse: and the eighteenth (ti••l which, for feare of theeues, wee stayed for another Carauan) to Deccanaura, our Camell stolne, and a man slaine. The nineteenth 10^c. to Bollodo, a Fort kept by Newlock A∣bram Cabrate, for the Mogoll, who that day came with an hundred sixtie nine heads of the Coo∣lies (a robbing people.) The twentieth 13 ^c. to Sariandgo, a Fort. The one and twentieth 10 ^c. to Radempoore, a bigge Towne with a Fort. Heere we stayed to prouide vs of water and necessa∣ries [ 10] for our desert iourney: and the three and twentieth trauelled 7 ^c. and lay in the fields, met a Carauan robbed of all from Tutta. The foure and twentieth 12^c. dispeeded one of my Pions to Lowribander with a Letter, which promised to doe it in ten dayes; but I thinke was slaine. The fiue and twentieth 14^c. lodged by a well of water so salt, that our cattell could not drinke it. The six and twentieth 10^c. to such another well, there gaue our Camells water, not hauing drunke in three dayes.

The seuen and twentieth, 14 ^c. lodged in fields. The eight and twentieth, 10 ^c. to a Village called Negar Parkar. In this desart we saw great store of wild Asses, red Deere, Foxes, and other wild beasts. The nine and twentieth, we staid and met with an other Carauan, robbed within two dayes iourney of Tutta. The thirtieth, we departed from Parkar, which payes a yearely tri∣bute [ 20] to the Mogol: all hence till Inno, halfe a dayes iourney from Tutta, acknowledge no King, but rob and spare at pleasure. When any army of the Mogols comes against them, they fire their houses, and flee into the Mountaines: their houses are made of straw and morter like Bee-hiues, soone rebuilded. They take for custome what they please, and guard Passengers, being loath any but themselues should haue the robbing of them. We trauelled 6 ^c. and lay by a Tanke or Pond of fresh water. The thirty one 8 ^c. and lay in the fields by a brackish Well.

The first of Ianuary, we went 10 ^c. to Burdiano, many were sicke of this water, we prouided vs yet of it for foure dayes, and trauelled more the second 18 ^c. all night. The third in the afternoone till midnight 10 c. the fourth 12 ^c. Here I fell sicke, and vomited by reason of the water. The fifth 7 ^c. and came to three Wells, two salt, one sweetish. The sixth, to Nuraquimire a pretie Towne 10 ^c. Here our Raddingpoore company left vs. We remained, two Merchants, my selfe, [ 30] fiue of their seruants, foure of mine, with tenne Camels, fiue Camel-men. This Towne is with∣in three dayes of Tutta, and seemed to vs after our Desart a Paradise. We agreed with one of the Ragies or Gouernours kinred for twenty Laries (twenty shillings) to conduct vs, who departed with vs the eighth, and we trauelled 10 ^c. to Gundaiaw, where we had beene robbed but for our guard. The ninth, we were twice set on, and forced to giue each time fiue Laries: wee came to Sarruna, a great Towne of the Razbootches, with a Castle, whence it is 14 ^c. to Tutta. We visited the Gouernour Ragee Bouma, eldest sonne to Sultan Bulbul (who lately captiued by the Mogol, had his eyes pulled out, and two Moneths before this had escaped) now liuing in the Mountains, and causeth all his kinred to reuenge. This Ragee was kind to me as a stranger, asking many que∣stions [ 40] of our Countrey, made me sup with him, gaue me Wine till he was stared. A Banian here told me, how Sir Robert Sherly had been much abused by the Portugals, and Gouernour at Lowri∣bander, his house fired, men hurt in the night: and arriuing at Tutta thirteene daies iourny thence, Mersa Rusto vsed him vnkindly. He aduised to get this Ragee to guide vs, told of the great trade of Tutta, the chiefe that he had seene, and that a shippe of three hundred Tunne might come to Lowribander.

We hired the Ragee for fortie Laries with fifty horsemen to the gates of Tutta: and on the e∣leuenth departed from Sarruna 5 ^c. and lay by a Riuers side. At two in the morning we depar∣ted, and he lead vs a contrary way, and came about breake of day into a Thicket, where he made vs vnlode, then caused vs to be bound, and tooke our weapons from vs, sudainly hanged the Mer∣chants [ 50] and their fiue men, with their Camels ropes fastened about their neckes with a Trunche∣on; stripped and threw them into a hole they made in the earth. He tooke from me my horse, and eightie Rupias, sent me and my men 20 ^c. vp the Mountaines to his brothers, Ianuary the foure∣teenth, where I continued two and twentie dayes shut vp. February the seuenth, order came to send me to Parkar to the Gouernour of their kinred, to send me to Radingpoore. But I was rob∣bed by them in the way of all my clothes, and all I had. February the twenty eight, we begged for our victualls, finding the inhabitants charitable: for my horse (which not beeing worth the taking, they left me) I could get but foure Mamoodies, or foure shillings: but chancing on a Ban∣nian of Amadabar whom I had knowne, I was releeued with my men. Wee were fiue dayes be∣tween Parkar and Raddingpoore, whither I came March nineteenth. I came to Amadabar, April [ 60] the second, being absent one hundred and eleuen dayes. Thence I went to Brodia, Barengeo thence 16 ^c. to Soquitera, 10. to Cambaya: then the large Riuer 7. course broad, yeerly swallowing ma∣ny hundreds to Saurau. On the other side the Riuer is a Towne and Castle of the Razbootches. The sixteenth of Aprill, I trauelled 25 ^c. to Borocho: the seuenteenth, passed that Riuer, and 10^c. to Cassimba: the eighteenth, 13 ^c. to Surat.

Concerning Sinda, no Citie is by generall report of greater trade in the Indies then Tutta, the chiefe Port Lowribander, three dayes iourney from it; a faire roade without the Riuers mouth, cleare of Wormes, which about Surat especially, and in other places of the Indies, after three or foure Moneths riding (if it were not for sheathing) would hinder returne. The Ports and Roads of Sinda are free. In two Moneths from hence by water they goe to Lahor, and returne in one downe. There are these Commodities, Baffitas, Stuffes, Lawnes, Indico course, not so good as Biana. Goods may be conueied from Agra on Camels to Bucker twenty dayes, which is on Sin∣da Riuer, thence in fifteene or sixteene dayes aboord the ships. One may goe as soone from A∣gra to Sinde as Surat, but there is more theeuing, which the Mogoll seekes to preuent.

[ 10] Inhabitants of Sinda are most Razbootches, Banians, and Boloches: in Cities and great Townes, the Gouernours are Mogols. The Countrey people are rude, naked from the wast vpwards, with Turbants contrary to the Mogoll fashion. Their Armes, Sword, Buckler, and Launce; their Buckler great, in fashion of a Bee-hiue, in which they will giue their Camels drinke, and Horses prouender, their horses good, swift, strong, which they ride vnshod, most desperately. They back them at twelue Moneths old. The Mogoll sayes, the Razbootch knowes as well to die as any in the world. They eate no Beefe nor Buffoll, but pray to them.

The Banians kill nothing: there are thirtie and odde seuerall Casts of these that differ some∣thing in Religion, and may not eat with each other; but all burne their dead. When the husband dies, the wife shaues her head, and weares her iewels no more, so continuing till death. When [ 20] the Rasbut dies, his wife accompanies his bodie going to be burned, in her best array, accompani∣ed with her friends and kinred, and Musique, and the fire beeing made at the place appointed, compasseth the same twice or thrice, bewailing first her husbands death, and then reioycing that she shall now liue with him againe, after which, embracing her friends, shee lastly sits downe on the top of the pile, and dry sticks, taking her husbands head in her lap, and b••ds them put fire, which done, her friends throw oile and other sweete perfumes on her, she enduring the fire with admirable patience, loose and not bound. I haue seene many, the first in Surat, the woman but teene yeeres old, and a Virgin, he a Souldiour slaine in warre, from whence his cloathes and Tur∣bant were brought home. She would needs burne with his cloathes; the Gouernour forbad her, which she tooke grieuously, bidding them put to fire presently, her husband was a great way be∣fore: [ 30] which they durst not, till her kinred intreated, with a Present giuen, the Gouernours li∣cence, to her exceeding ioy. The husbands kinred neuer force this, but the womans holding it a disgrace else to their family. They may choose, (but few doe) but then must shaue their haire, and breake their iewels, and thenceforth are not suffered to eat, drinke, sleepe, or company with any body, and so continue till death. If after purpose to burne they leape out of the fire, her father and mother will bind her, and throw her in, and burne her perforce. But this weaknesse is sel∣dome.

The Boloches are of Mahomets Religion. They deale much in Camels; most of them robbers by land, and on the Riuer, murthering such as they rob. When I was in Sinda, they tooke a boat with seuen Italians, one Portugall Friar, the rest slaine in fight, this was ripped by them for [ 40] Gold. There are very honest of them in Guzerate, and about Agra.

Banian marriages are made at the age of three yeares, and vnder; sometimes they make mutu∣all promise if two pregnant women prooue to haue one a male, the other a female. But alwayes one of their owne cast and religion, and of the same trade, as a Barbar, &c. When they be three or foure yeere old, they make a great Feast, set the two thus espoused on horsebacke (a man be∣hind each to hold them) in their best clothes, accompanied with the Bramens or Priests, and ma∣ny others according to their state, and so lead them vp and downe the Citie where they dwell, and then to the Pagod or Church: and after Ceremonies there done, come home, continue certein dayes feasting, as they are able. Being tenne yeeres old they lie together, of which they giue this reason, not to leaue them wiuelesse, if their Parents die and leaue them Parentlesse. Their Bra∣mens [ 50] keepe their Pagods, and haue Almes or Tithes, esteemed maruellous holy, married and fol∣low occupations, good workemen, apt to learne any patterne. They eate but once a day, and wash before and after meat all their bodies, as also after vrine or stoole.

Iohn Mild••all an Englishman had beene employed with three English young men, which hee poisoned in Persia, to make himselfe Master of the goods, but he was likewise poysoned, yet by preseruatiues liued many Moneths after, but swelled exceedingly, and so came to Agra, with the value of twenty thousand dollers: tither therefore I went, May the fourth, 1614. from Surat: came to Bramport▪ where Sultan Perues lies, situate in a plaine, the Riuer of Surat running by in a great breadth, hauing a large Castle. Hence to Agra twenty sixe dayes, betweene Surat and Agra are seuen hundred courses, 1010. English miles, which I trauelled in seuen and thirty daies [ 60] in Win••er, wherein it almost continually raineth. From Surat to Bramport is a pleasant and champion Countrey, full of Riuers, Brookes, and Springs. Betweene Bramport and Agra, very Mountainous, not passable for a Coach, hardly for Camels; by Mando is the nearest way: there are high hils and strong Castles in the way many, Townes and Cities euery dayes iourney, well inhabited, the Countrey peaceable, and cleare of theeues.

Mildnall had giuen all to a Frenchman, to marry his bastard-daughter in Persia, and bring vp an other.

The Iesuites haue a very faire Church built by the King, and a house: the King allowes the chiefe seuen Rupias a day, and the rest three, with licence to conuert as many as they can: which they doe, but alas, it is for moneys sake. For when by the fact of the Portugalls, they were de∣barred of their pay, their new conuerts brought them their beads againe, saying, they had beene long without their pay, and therefore would be Christians no longer. The Portugals not deliue∣ring the goods taken in Surat, the King caused the Church-doores to bee locked vp, as they haue continued euer since: so the Padres make a Church of one of their Chambers, where they say Masse twice a day, and preach euery Sunday in Persian, first to the Armenians and Moores, af∣ter [ 10] in Portuguise, for themselues, the Italians and Greeks. These told me the particulars of Mildnals goods, who gaue all to a French Protestant, himselfe a Papist, which he denying, was put in pri∣son. After foure Moneths all were deliuered.

The second of March, 1614, tenne Gallions, two Gallies, sixtie Frigats fight.

Between Agminere and Agra euery tenne course (which is an ordinarie dayes iourney) a Se∣ralia, or place of lodging for man and horse, and Hostesses to dresse your victuall, if you please, pay∣ing a matter of three pence for both horse and meat dressing. Betweene these places (120 ^c.) at euery course end is a great pillar erected, and at euery tenne course a faire house built by Ecbar, when he went on Pilgrimage from Agra to Aggimere on foot, saying his prayers at euery course end. These houses serue the King and his women, none else. This King lies in Agimere, vpon [ 20] occasion of warres with Rabna a Razboch, who hath now done homage, and peace is betweene them.

I rode to the Riuer Ganges, two dayes from Agra. The Banians carry the water of Ganges ma∣ny hundred miles thence, and as they affirme, it will neuer stinke, though kept neuer so long. By Agra runnes a large riuer Geminie. Agra is a huge Towne, the wall two course in compasse, fai∣rest and highest that euer I saw, well replenished with Ordnance: the rest (except Noble-mens houses, faire seated by the riuer) ruinous. The anncient royall seat was Fatipoore (twelue course from Agra) now decayed. Betweene these two, the Sepulchre of the Kings Father, to which is none that euer I saw to be compared. And yet the Church of Fatipoore comes neere it, builded by Geometry as is the other. [ 30]

The foure and twentieth of May, 1616. we in our returne entred the Bay of Soldania, where were diuers English ships outward bound, the Charles, Vnicorne, Iames, Globe, Swan, the Generall was Beniamin Ioseph.

the fifteenth of September, were arriued at Douer.

Notes

• Commendati∣ons of Soldania.
• Their persons and their ap∣parell.
• The Table. Porcupins Quils.
• Portugal pride.
• The first fight.
• Medhaprabads.
• The second place of fight.
• M. Copelands iourney hence ouer-land
• Taddy or Palme-wine.
• Anno 1613.
• Elephants:
• Description of the King and Court.
• The aire and water at Passa∣man naught.
• Ian. 3,
• Departed from Grauesend. The generall wind blowed betwixt East South-east, & South-east, Ternadoes.
• This endange∣red and much hindered the Dragon and He∣ctor in the third Voyage, as you may read ••n the Relations thereof.
• Soldania▪
• Current neere Cape Das A∣guilhas.
• Note.
• Foure Ga••lions & 30. Frigats.
• Sabander a Spye.
• This day wee began our fight.
• Three of the ships aground.
• Portugals fain to flye.
• The number of shot spent in our fiue fights.
• Sunken rocks.
• Note, for the Cape of Como∣rin, for longi∣tude, latitude, and variation.
• Many wormes at Surat.
• The latitud••, longitude and variation of Achen.
• Notes for the Road of Tecu.
• Variation of Tecu is 4. degr. 40. minutes Northeasterly.
• A ledge of Rockes.

  The Rocke whereon the Trades-Increase was bruised.
• Captaine Sa∣ris told me that some haue two testicles, but those the baser, and (as the one stoned gallants affirmed to him) were slaues, the o∣thers marked with this note of Gentrie.
• Pride goeth before the fall.
• Fleet of Portu∣gals.

  The first fight.
• The second.
• The third.
• The last fight.
• Nicholas Whi∣thington Factor. Master Canning sent to Agra.
• M••ster Canning poysoned by the Iesuits.
• Portugal perils.
• Fugitiues and Renegado's.
• A description of his iourney by land thorow the Mogolls Countrey, hi∣red shot for guard against theeues.
• A Course is a mile and half•• English.
• Tutta. M••ster Ale∣worth. was A∣gent.
• A Towne of common wo∣men.
• Salt water.
• Anarchy worst Tiranny.
• Sarruna within 14 c. of Tutta. Of these things see M. Peytons Voyage.
• Abuse of Sir Rob. Sherley.
• Treacherous robbery.
• Nich. Whithing∣ton robbed and sent a by-way.
• Robbed again.
• 1614.
• Large Riuer.
• Razbootch.
• Banian.
• Funerals. Burning of the Rasbut wiues.
• Boloches.
• Banian marri∣ages.
• See before his Letters.
• Iesuites.
• Pilgrimage.
• Ganges.
• Agra.