Purchas his pilgrimes. part 1 In fiue bookes. The first, contayning the voyages and peregrinations made by ancient kings, patriarkes, apostles, philosophers, and others, to and thorow the remoter parts of the knowne world: enquiries also of languages and religions, especially of the moderne diuersified professions of Christianitie. The second, a description of all the circum-nauigations of the globe. The third, nauigations and voyages of English-men, alongst the coasts of Africa ... The fourth, English voyages beyond the East Indies, to the ilands of Iapan, China, Cauchinchina, the Philippinæ with others ... The fifth, nauigations, voyages, traffiques, discoueries, of the English nation in the easterne parts of the world ... The first part.

§. VI. Of the Popes Bull made to Castile, touching the New World.

THe Catholike Kings, presently after that first Discouerie, gaue accompt thereof to the Pope, which then was Alexander the sixt (before named Borgia, a Spaniard of Valen∣tia) by his Embassadour, and desired his fauour for the Crowne of Castile and Lions, [ 30] in the Grant of these New Discoueries, made or to be made: For long since had the Pope challenged Christs right ouer the Christian World. Adrian the fourth, in his Letters of Ireland to King Henry the second affirmeth, That all Ilands vnder the Sunne, of righteous∣nesse belong to Papall disposition. This second Alexander, in Gods right, claymes all the World: & in ordine ad Deum, for the conuersion (forsooth) to the Faith, the temporall Estates of the whole World are by his Parasites vsually put vnder that triple Diademe. So they thought, or so would seeme to thinke, in regard of Papall Grants before to the Crowne of Por∣tugall (whence was like to arise some grieuance and impediment to their Affaires, as pretending a Monopoly, by former Dispensation in Indian D••scoueries) and therefore sought this fauour of that Monster of Men, then sitting in that Chayre. This Bull, because it is not common, I [ 40] haue here transcribed.

EXEMPLAR BVLLAE SEV DONATIONIS, Autoritate cuius, Episcopus Romanus ALEXANDER eius nominis sextus, concessit & donauit Castellae Regi∣bus & suis successoribus, Regiones & Insulas Noui Orbis.

[ 50] ALEXANDER Episcopus, seruus seruorum Dei, Charissimo in Christo filio FERDINANDO Regi, & Charissimae in Christo filiae ELIZABETH Re∣ginae Castellae, Legionis, Arragonum, Siciliae, & Granatae, illustribus, salutem & Apostolicam Benedictionem.

Inter caetera Diuinae Maiestati beneplacita opera & cordis nostri desiderabilia, illud profecto potissimum existit vt fides Catholica & Christiana Religio nostris praesertim temporibus exaltetur ac vbilibet amplietur ac dilatetur, animarum{que} salus procuretur, ac barbarae Nationes deprimantur & ad fidem ipsam reducantur. Vnde cum ad hanc sa∣••ram PETRI Sedem Diuina fauente clementia (meritis licet imparibus) euocati fu∣erimus, [ 60] cognoscentes vos tanquam veros Catholicos Reges & Principes: quales semper fuisse nouimus, & à vobis praeclare gesta, toti penae Orbi notissima demonstrant, nedum id exoptare, sed omni conatu, studio, & diligentia, nullis laboribus, nullis impensis, nul∣lisque parcendo periculis, etiam proprium sanguinem effundendo efficere, ac omnem

animum vestrum, omnesque conatus ad hoc iam dudum dedicasse, quemadmodum recupe∣ratio Regni Granatae à Tyrannide Saracenorum hodicrnis temporibus per vos, cum tanta Diuini nominis gloria facta, testatur. Digne ducimur non immerito, & debemus illa vobis etiam sponte, ac fauorabiliter concedere per quae huiusmodi sanctum ac lauda∣bile ab immortali Deo acceptum propositum, indies feruentiori animo ad ipsius Dei ho∣norem & Imperij Christiani propagationem, prosequi valeatis. Sane accepimus quòd vos qui dudum animum proposueratis aliquas Insulas & Terras firmas remotas & incogni∣tas, ac per alios hactenus non repertas, quaerere & inuenire, vt illarum incolas & habi∣tatores ad colendum redemptorem nostrum & fidem Catholicam profitendum reduceretis, [ 10] hactenus in expugnatione & recuperatione ipsius Regni Granatae plurimum occupati, huiusmodi sanctum & laudabile propositum vestrum ad optatum finem perducere ne∣quiuistis. Sed tandem, sicut Domino placuit, Regno praedicto recuperato, volentes desi∣derium vestrum adimplere, dilectum filium CHRISTOPHORVM COLONVM, virum vtique dignum, & plurimum commendatum, ac tanto negotio aptum, cum Na∣uigijs & hominibus ad similia instructis, non sine maximis laboribus, ac periculis, & expensis destinastis vt Terras firmas & Insulas remotas & incognitas, huiusmodi per Marev••i hactenus Nauigatum non fuerat, diligenter inquireret. Qui tandem (Diuino auxilio facta extrema diligentia in Mari Occano Nauigantes) certas Insulas remotissi∣mas, [ 20] & etiam Terras firmas, quae per alios hactenus repertae non fuerant, inuenerunt. In quibus plurimae gentes pacifice viuentes, & (vt asseritur) nudi incedentes, nec carni∣bus vescentes, inhabitant: Et vt praefati Nuncij vestri possunt opinari, gentes ipsae in Insulis, & terris praedictis habitantes, credunt vnum Deum Creatorem in Coelis esse, ac ad fidem Catholicam amplexandum & bonis moribus imbuendum, satis apti videntur: Spesque habetur, quod si erudirentur, nomen saluatoris Domini nostri Iesu Christi in Terris & Insulis praedictis facile induceretur. Ac praefatus CHRISTOPHORVS in vna ex principalibus Insulis praedictis, iam vnam turrim satis munitam, in qua certos Christianos qui secum inerant in custodiam, & vt alias Insulas ac Terras firmas remotas [ 30] & incognitas inquirerent posuit, construi & aedificari fecit. In quibus quidem Insulis & terris iam repertis, Aurum, Aromata, & aliae quam plurimae res praeciosae diuersi ge∣neris & diuersae qualitatis reperiuntur. Vnde omnibus diligenter, & praesertim fidei Catholicae exaltatione & dilatione (prout decet Catholicos Reges & Principes) conside∣ratis, more progenitorum vestrorum clarae memoriae Regum, Terras firmas & Insulas praedictas, illarumque Incolas & Habitatores, vobis Diuina fauente clementia subijcere, & ad fidem Catholicam reducere proposuistis. Nos itaque huiusmodi vestrum sanctum & laudabile propositum plurimum in Domino commendantes, ac cupientes vt illud ad [ 40] debitum finem perducatur, & ipsum nomen saluatoris nostri in partibus illis inducatur, hortamur vos quamplurimum in Domino, & per sacri lauacri susceptionem, qua man∣datis Apostolicis obligati estis, vt per viscera misericordiae Domini nostri Iesu Christi attente requirimus, vt cum expeditionem huiusmodi omnino prosequi & assumere prona mente Orthodoxae fidei zelo intendatis, populos in huiusmodi Insulis & Terris degen∣tes, ad Christianam Religionem suscipiendum inducere velitis & debeatis, nec pericula nec labores vllo vnquam tempore vos deterreant, firma spe siduciaque conceptis, quod Deus omnipotens conatus vestros foeliciter prosequetur. Et vt tanti Negotij Prouinciam Apostolicae gratiae largitate donati, liberius & audacius assumatis, motu proprio non ad [ 50] vestram vel alterius, pro vobis super hoc nobis oblatae petitionis instantiam, sed de nostra mera liberalitate, & ex certa scientia, ac de Apostolicae potestatis plenitudine, omnes In∣sulas & Terras firmas inuentas & inueniendas, detectas & detegendas versus Occiden∣tem & Meridiem, sabricando & construendo vnam lineam à Polo Arctico, scilicet Sep∣tentrione, ad Polum Antarcticum, scilicet Meridiem, siue Terrae firmae & Insulae in∣uentae, & inueniendae sint, versus Indiam, aut versus aliam quamcunque partem, quae li∣nea distet à qualibet Insularum, quae vulgariter nuncupantur de los Azores, & Cabo Verde centum leucis, versus Occidentem & Meridiem. Itaque omnes Insulae & Terrae firmae repertae & reperiendae, detectae & detegendae à praefata linea versus Occidentem [ 60] & Meridiem, quae per alium Regem aut Principem Christianum non fuerint actualiter possessae vsque ad diem Natiuitatis Domini nostri Iesu Christi proxime praeteritum, à quo incipit Annus praesens Millessimus quadringentessimus nonogessimus tertius, quando

fuerunt per Nuncios & Capitaneos vestros inuentae aliquae praedictarum Insularum, Au∣toritate Omnipotentis Dei nobis in beato PETRO concessa, ac Vicari••tus Iesu Christi, qua fungimur in Terris, cum omnibus illarum Dominijs, Ciuitatibus, Castris, Locis, & Villis, iuribusque & iurisdictionibus ac pertinentijs vniuersis vobis, haeredibusque, & successoribus vestris (Castellae & Legionis Regibus) in perpetuum tenore praes••ntium do∣namus, concedimus, & assignamus: Vosque, & haeredes, ac successores praefatos illarum Dominos, cum plena, libera, & omnimoda potestate, autoritate, & iurisdictione, facimus, constituimus, & deputamus. Decernentes nihilo minus, per huiusmodi donationem, c••n∣cessionem, [ 10] & assignationem nostram, nulli Christiano Principi, qui actualiter praefatas Insulas & Terras firmas possederit vsque ad praedictum diem Natiuitatis Domini nostri Iesu Christi ius quaesitum, sublatum intelligi posse, aut auferri debere.

Et insuper mandamus vobis in virtute sanctae obedientiae (vt sicut pollicemini & non dubitamus pro vestra maxima deuotione & Regia magnanimitate vos esse facturos) ad Terras firmas & Insulas praedictas, viros probos & Deum timentes, doctos, peritos, & expertes ad instruendum Incolas & habitatores praefatos in fide Catholica, & bonis mo∣ribus imbuendum, destinare d••beatis, omnem debitam diligentiam in praemissis adhiben∣tes. Ac quibuscunque personis, cuiuscunque dignitatis, etiam Imperialis & Regalis status, [ 20] gradus, ordinis vel conditionis, sub excommunicationis latae sententiae poena quam eo ipso, si contra fecerint incurrant, districtius inhibemus ne ad Insulas & Terras firmas inuentas & inueniendas, detectas & detegendas versus Occidentem & Meridiem, fabricando & construendo lineam à Polo Arctico ad Polum Antarcticum, siue Terrae firmae & Insulae inuentae & inueniendae sint versus Indiam aut versus aliam quamcunque partem, quae linea distet à qualibet Insularum, quae vulgariter nuncupantur de los Azores, & Cabo Verde centum leucis versus Occidentem & Meridiem vt praefertur, pro mercibus haben∣dis, vel quauis alia causa accedere praesumat, absque vestra ac haeredum & successo∣rum vestrorum praedictorum licentia speciali: Non obstantibus constitutionibus & or∣dinationibus [ 30] Apostolicis, caeterisque quibuscunque: in illo in quo Imperia & Dominatio∣nes & bona cuncta procedunt, Confidentes quod dirigente Domino actus vestros, si hu∣iusmodi sanctum ac laudabile propositum prosequamini, breui tempore cum foelicitate & gloria totius populi Christiani, vestri labores & conatus exitum foelicissimum consequen∣tur. Verum quia difficile foret praesentes literas ad singula quaeque loca in quibus expedi∣ens fuerit deferri, volumus ac motu & scientia similibus decernimus, quod illarum trans∣sumptis manu publici Notarij inde rogati subscriptis, & sigillo alicuius personae in Eccle∣siastica dignitate constitutae, seu Curiae Ecclesiasticae munitis, ea prorsus fides in iudicio [ 40] & extra, ac alias vbilibet adhibeatur, quae praesentibus adhiberetur si essent adhibitae vel ostensae.

Nulli ergo omnino hominum liceat hanc Paginam nostrae commendationis, hortationis, requisitionis, donationis, concessionis, assignationis, constitutionis, deputationis, decreti, mandati, inhibitionis, & voluntatis, infringere, vel ei ausu temerario contraire. Si quis autem hoc attentare praesumpserit, indignationem Omnipotentis Dei, ac beatorum PE∣TRI & PAVLI Apostolorum eius, se nouerit incursurum.

Datum Romae apud Sanctum PETRVM, Anno Incarnationis [ 50] Dominicae 1493▪ quarto nonas Maij, Pontificatus nostri, anno primo.

THE SAME ENGLISHED.

ALEXANDER Bishop, the Seruant of the Seruants of GOD, to our most deare beloued Sonne in CHRIST, King Ferdinando, and to our deare be∣loued Daughter in CHRIST, Elizabeth, Queene of Castile, Legion, Ar∣ragon, [ 60] Sicilie, and Granata, most Noble Princes, greeting, and Apostolicall Bene∣diction.

Among other Workes acceptable to the Diuine Maiestie, and according to our hearts desire, this certainely is the chiefe, that the Catholike Faith and Christian Re∣ligion,

specially in this our time, may in all places be exalted, amplified, and enlar∣ged, whereby the health of Soules may bee procured, and the barbarous Nations subdued and brought to the Faith. And therefore, whereas by the fauour of Gods Clemencie (although not without equall deserts) we are called to this holy Seat of PETER, and vnderstanding you to be true Catholike Princes, as wee haue euer knowne you, and as your noble and worthy Facts haue declared in manner to the whole World, in that with all your studie, diligence, and industry, you haue spared no Trauailes, Charges, or Perils, aduenturing euen the shedding of your owne Bloud, with applying your whole Mindes and Endeuours hereunto, as your Noble [ 10] Expeditions atchieued in recouering the Kingdome of Granata from the Tyrannie of the Sarracens in these our dayes, doe plainely declare your Facts, with so great Glory of the Diuine Name. For the which, as wee thinke you worthy, so ought wee of our owne free will fauourably to graunt you all things, whereby you may dayly, with more feruent mindes, to the honour of God, and enlarging the Chri∣stian Empire, prosecute your deuout and laudable Purpose, most acceptable to the Immortall God. Wee are credibly informed, that whereas of late you were deter∣mined to seeke and finde certaine Ilands and firme Lands, farre remote and vn∣knowne (and not heretofore found by any other) to the intent to bring the Inha∣bitants [ 20] of the same to honour our Redeemer, and to professe the Catholike Faith, you haue hitherto beene much occupied in the expugnation and recouerie of the Kingdome of Granata, by reason whereof you could not bring your said laudable Purpose to the end desired. Neuerthelesse, as it hath pleased Almightie God, the foresaid Kingdome being recouered, willing to accomplish your said Desire, you haue, not without great Labour, Perils, and Charges, appointed our welbeloued Sonne Christopher Colonus (a man certes well commended, as most worthy and apt for so great a Matter) well furnished with Men and Ships, and other Necessaries, to seeke (by the Sea, where hitherto no man hath sayled) such firme Lands and Ilands [ 30] farre remote, and hitherto vnknowne, who (by Gods helpe) making diligent search in the Ocean Sea, haue found certaine remote Ilands and firme Lands, which were not heretofore found by any other: in the which (as is said) many Nations inha∣bite, liuing peaceably, and going naked, not accustomed to eate Flesh; and as farre as your Messengers can coniecture, the Nations inhabiting the foresaid Lands and Ilands, beleeue that there is one God, Creator in Heauen, and seeme apt to bee brought to the imbracing of the Catholike Faith, and to be endued with good Man∣ners: by reason whereof, wee may hope, that if they be well instructed, they may [ 40] easily be induced to receiue the Name of our Sauiour IESVS CHRIST. Wee are further aduertised, that the fore-named Christopher hath now builded and ere∣cted a Fortresse, with good Munition, in one of the foresaid principall Ilands, in the which he hath placed a Garrison of certaine of the Christian men that went thi∣ther with him, as well to the intent to defend the same, as also to search other Ilands and firme Lands farre remote, and yet vnknowne. Wee also vnderstand, that in these Lands and Ilands lately found, is great plentie of Gold and Spices, with diuers and many other precious things, of sundry kinds and qualities. Therefore all things diligently considered (especially the amplifying and enlarging of the Catholike [ 50] Faith, as it behoueth Catholike Princes, following the examples of your Noble Progenitors, of famous Memorie) you haue determined, by the fauour of Almigh∣tie God, to subiect vnto you the firme Lands and Ilands aforesaid, and the Dwellers and Inhabitants thereof, and to bring them to the Catholike Faith.

Wee greatly commending this your godly and laudable purpose in our Lord, and desirous to haue the same brought to a due end, and the Name of our Sauiour to be knowne in those parts, doe exhort you in our Lord, and by the receiuing of your holy Baptisme, whereby you are bound to Apostolicall Obedience, and ear∣nestly require you by the Bowels of Mercie of our Lord IESVS CHRIST, that [ 60] when you intend, for the zeale of the Catholike Faith, to prosecute the said Expe∣dition, to reduce the People of the foresaid Lands and Ilands to the Christian Re∣ligion, you shall spare no Labours at any time, or be deterred with any Perils, con∣ceiuing

firme hope and confidence, that the Omnipotent God will giue good suc∣cesse to your godly Attempts. And that being authorised by the Priuiledge of the Apostolicall Grace, you may the more freely and boldly take vpon you the Enter∣prise of so great a Matter, wee of our owne motion, and not eyther at your re∣quest, or at the instant petition of any other person, but of our owne meere libera∣litie and certaine science, and by the fulnesse of Apostolicall power, doe giue, grant, and assigne to you, your heires and successors, all the firme Lands and Ilands found or to be found, discouered or to be discouered, toward the West and South, draw∣ing [ 10] a Line from the Pole Artike to the Pole Antartike (that is) from the North to the South: Contayning in this Donation, whatsoeuer firme Lands or Ilands are found, or to be found toward India, or toward any other part whatsoeuer it be, be∣ing distant from, or without the foresaid Line, drawne a hundred Leagues toward the West, and South, from any of the Ilands which are commonly called De los Azores and Capo Verde. All the Ilands therefore, and firme Lands, found and to be found, discouered and to be discouered, from the said Line toward the West and South, such as haue not actually beene heretofore possessed by any other Chri∣stian King or Prince, vntill the day of the Natiuitie of our Lord IESV CHRIST [ 20] last past, from the which beginneth this present yeere, being the yeere of our Lord a thousand foure hundred ninetie three, when soeuer any such shall bee found by your Messengers and Captaines, wee by the Authoritie of Almightie GOD, graunted vnto vs in Saint PETER, and by the Vicarship of IESVS CHRIST which wee beare on the Earth, doe for euer, by the tenour of these presents, giue, grant, assigne, vnto you, your heires and successors (the Kings of Castile and Le∣gion) all those Lands and Ilands, with their Dominions, Territories, Cities, Castles, Towers, Places, and Villages, with all the Rights and Iurisdictions thereunto per∣taining; constituting, assigning, and deputing you, your heires and successors, the [ 30] Lords thereof, with full and free Power, Authoritie, and Iurisdiction: Decreeing neuerthelesse by this our Donation, Grant, and Assignation, that from no Christian Prince, which actually hath possessed the foresaid Ilands and firme Lands, vnto the day of the Natiuitie of our Lord beforesaid, their Right obtained, to be vnderstood hereby to be taken away, or that it ought to be taken away. Furthermore, wee command you in the vertue of holy Obedience (as you haue promised, and as wee doubt not you will doe, vpon meere Deuotion and Princely Magnimitie) to send to the said firme Lands and Ilands, honest, vertuous, and learned men, such as feare God, and are able to instruct the Inhabitants in the Catholike Faith and [ 40] good Manners, applying all their possible diligence in the premisses. Wee further∣more straitly inhibite all manner of persons, of what state, degree, order, or con∣dition soeuer they be, although of Imperiall and Regall Dignitie, vnder the paine of the Sentence of Excommunication, which they shall incurre, if they doe to the contrary, That they in no case presume, without speciall Licence of you, your heires, and successors, to trauaile for Marchandizes, or for any other cause, to the said Lands or Ilands, found or to be found, discouered or to be discouered, toward the West and South, drawing a Line from the Pole Artike to the Pole Antartike, whether the firme Lands and Ilands, found and to be found, be situate toward [ 50] India, or toward any other part, being distant from the Line drawne a hundred Leagues toward the West, from any of the Ilands commonly called De los Azores and Capo Verde: Notwithstanding Constitutions, Decrees, and Apostolicall Or∣dinances whatsoeuer they are to the contrary. In him from whom Empires, Do∣minions, and all good things doe proceede: Trusting, that Almightie GOD, directing your Enterprises, if you follow your godly and laudable Attempts, your Labours and Trauailes herein, shall in short time obtaine a happie end, with feli∣citie and glorie of all Christian People. But forasmuch as it should be a thing [ 60] of great difficultie, these Letters to be carried to all such places as should be expe∣dient; wee will, and of like motion and knowledge doe decree, That whither soeuer the same shall be sent, or wheresoeuer they shall be receiued, with the subscription of a common Notarie thereunto required, with the Seale of any person constitute

in Ecclesiasticall Dignitie, or such as are authorized by the Ecclesiasticall Court, the same faith and credite to be giuen thereunto in Iudgement, or elsewhere, as should be exhibited to these Presents.

Let no man therefore whatsoeuer infringe or dare rashly to contrary this Letter of our Commendation, Exhortation, Request, Donation, Grant, Assignation, Con∣stitution, Deputation, Decree, Commandement, Inhibition, and Determination. And if any shall presume to attempt the same, let him know, that hee shall there∣by incurre the Indignation of Almightie GOD, and his holy Apostles, Peter and Paul.

[ 10]

Giuen at Rome at Saint PETERS, In the yeere of the Incarnation of our Lord 1493. The fourth day of the Nones of May, the first yeere of our Popedome.

ANIMADVERSIONS ON THE SAID Bull of Pope ALEXANDER.

[ 20]

ALthough some deny libertie of Examination and Censure to Historians, but will haue them leaue all to the Iudgement of the Readers, to conclude what their owne Iudge∣ments shall gather out of Historicall Premisses: Yet because wee write a vitae non Scholae, and Historie is not b onely vita Memoriae, but Magistra vitae, is the Schoole of Diuine Prouidence, wherein by Example is alway read that Rule, Discite iustitiam moniti; let me haue like leaue as almost all Historians, Diuine, Ecclesiasticall, and Humane, haue with thankes also obtained: And let the seuerer Criticke call it a Digression, or Parenthesis, or what he pleaseth, so it may profit the feebler feet of such as may stumble hereat, and confirme the firmer and more resolued: Difficile est Satyram non scribere. It is almost necessarie in this [ 30] Treatise of Nauigations (most of which are, or seeme thereby inhibited) not to suffer this Bull (as Butcherly in sequele, as those the Statute includeth) to passe vnbaited.

It was now the time that the Antichristian Kingdome was growne to the height, and began to sinke vnder the weight of it selfe, and the Prophecies of the Churches Restauration and Reformation began to ripen and hasten to the Birth, when this c Borgia ascended the Papall Throne, stiling himselfe Alexander, a Name ominous to the World, to the Church, and to themselues; in some, to some of them; in this (the totall summe of Mischiefe) to all. This appeared in that Great Macedonian, who was called d Foelix terrarum praedo; and to whom a e Pyrate, charged with Sea-rouings, obiected his greater World-rouings and robbings, this on••ly differing, that the one did little with his little Ship, and therefore was called a Theefe, [ 40] the other doing great harme with his great Army, was surnamed Great: who after his great C••nquests, and greater ambition of Deitie, with a little Poyson was confined to his little Earth, a few Feet, a few handfuls of Dust; leauing the Ptolemeys and Seleucidae, which succeeded in part of his State, to exceed in crueltie to the Church.

To the Christian Church, such haue beene the Popes that haue named themselues Alex∣anders. Thus Alexander the second (the first that assumed that Name reiecting Anselmus, which in his Baptisme hee had receiued) brought forth a Schisme with his Papacie, proceeded like an Alexander in Warres, and died in Prison (as some thinke of Poyson) to giue place to f Hildebrand, the true Scanderbeg of the Papacie. The next Alexander was procreated in g Schisme, betrayed Frederike the Emperour to the Soldan, sending him his Picture to that [ 50] end, and after degenerating from the Macedonian Alexanders Humanitie, trode on his Necke in the Temple of S. Marke at Venice, and prophaned Scripture, super aspidem &c. to that Dia∣bolicall Designe; first made the Law of Canonization, and then with deuout Bernard canonized T. Becket h (an Angell of Light, and of Darkenesse yoaked together, this being murthered or martyred in the Deuils Quarrell) had at once (beyond all Alexanders Pompe) the Kings of England i and France attending on foot, and holding his Bridle. The next Alexander began with Excommunications, Persecutions, Warres against Manfrede King of Sicilia, which to maintaine, hee vsed Extortions and Exactions, such as had neuer beene heard of; k the Cry wh••reof ascended to God, the Lord of Reuenge, that the Bishop of London protested he would ra∣ther loose his head, the Bishop of Yorke writ to him, to feede, not to shere, to flay, to ••••••scerate, to [ 60] deuoure the Sheepe like a hungry Wolfe, as Matthew Paris, who then liued, recordeth. The Tenth

which was granted for the Holy Land, and the prizes of Absolution for Homicide, Treason, Sodomie, Witchcraft, Periurie, and all Crimes, he thus imployed; and after that publike Pesti∣lence of the Decretales published, he died of Thought, Euent not seconding his Alexander-like Designes. The fifth Alexander l was produced in the greatest Schisme that euer befell the Papacie; he deposed Ladislaus King of Naples, and gaue that Scepter to Lewis the Duke of Aniou; as also the Kingdome of the Romans, from Rupertus to Wenceslaus; guided in all things by Balthasar, full of fiercenesse and secularitie; hee died of Poyson, giuen him by his Physician, at the procurement of Balthasar his successor, leauing a yeere of Pestilence and Fa∣mine to infest the World.

[ 10] But this sixt Alexander was Heire of all their Vices: who hauing procreated many Bastards, procured the Papacie m by Simonie (some adde, Diabolicall Contracts) to aduance them and himselfe, with vniust Iustice miserably plaguing those Simoniacall n Cardinals, which for Price and Promise had exalted this Plague-sore into that Chayre of Pestilence, where hee acted the Monster of Men, or was indeed rather an incarrate Deuill. Bellarmine o himselfe (a man not of the tenderest Forhead) blusheth at his Name, though ashamed of that shame, hee returnes with greater impudence, and from the immanitie of this and some other Popes, would haue vs more admire the stedfastnesse of that Romish Rocke, which hath sustained such porten∣tuous Beasts, as an argument of Diuine Prouidence, that the Gates of Hell shall neuer preuaile (and what else but Vices, are the Gates of Hell!) against it. In vaine doe we Heretikes labour [ 20] to set forth the Vices of some Popes, which themselues confesse, but so, that the glory of that See is thereby exceedingly amplified. Egregiam vero laudem! An exceeding amplification of Bellarmine his Wit! p Onuphrius, Iouius, Guicciardine, Volaterrane, and others of their owne seeme amazed at this mans Monstrositie, though Vices be no rarities in Popes, and of the ordi∣narie ones, one q sayth, that he is accounted a good Pope (not whose Vertues equall his Vices, and hold some counterpoyse, as Comminaeus of a Prince, but) whose Wickednesse doth not ex∣ceed that of other men. To omit the Deluges of Waters, of Famine, Plague, Warres, which ouerflowed the Citie and all Italy in his times, Rome was by the impunitie of Assassinates made a very Butcherie; within it, no going by Night; nor without, by Day. And for his personall Vertues, Theologicall and Cardinall, his Loue was vnnaturall Lust, to his Daughter, [ 30] and for his Sonnes; his Faith, perfidie to all which trusted him: Gemes the Turkish Emperors Brother, for Turkish r Gold hee betrayed, and with a white sweet lingring Poyson, mixed with his Wine, murthered; his reconciled Enemies he fraudulently betrayed to massacre; to his Guests inuited to his Table, hee gaue poysoned Potions, in ex••hange of their great Riches (in one of which Banquets, himselfe at vnawares, by a mistaken Cup, was payd in his owne Coyne, the Sonne also pledging the Father; but to the Worlds greater scourge, by the benefit of Youth and Physicke, recouering.) His Hope was to make his Sonne Caesar Borgia (which had slaine his Brother, and is said to communicate with his Father in his Sisters Bed) the Caesar of the Churches State or Patrimonie. His Fortitude was daring to any Mischiefe; in Prudence, he was not wise as a Serpent, to preuent, but a wise Serpent to inuent Euill. With his [ 40] Temperance I will not further distemper your patience; but consider his Iustice in this Dona∣tion, of he knew not whom, to he knew not what Miserie.

And if it seeme impertinent to haue said so much of the Person, let such know, that I haue done it to shew, that here was Dignum olla operculum, Lips sutable to the Lettuce, and amongst all the Popes of later times, the Deuill (which is a Murtherer from the beginning) could not haue found a fitter Vicar, whether wee regard the bloudie Executions and Depopulations that ensued, wherein both Alexander the Macedon, and Alexanders Popes, and if there be any A∣lexander Deuils, are by the euent of this Bull surmounted all; or whether that the Deuill, fore∣seeing by the Prophecies of Babylons Fall (confirmed also with the s Fall of the Angell in this Popes time from the top of S. Angelo) that his Kingdome would soone decline, raysed vp this [ 50] Alexander to be another Alexander, a Conqueror of another World, by his Spirituall Weapons, vnder a seeming Conuersion to Christianitie, to make a t Conuersion (of another Ciceronian Etimologie) a sweeping of a World of Men out of the World together, and wiping u them as a man wipeth a Dish, wiping it and turning it vpside downe; this first, and in the remainders a Con∣uersion to such a Christianitie, as should make them x two-fold more the Children of Hell, which is by themselues y testified of the Indians: Or whether the Pope, his Vicar, as honest as that z Steward in the Gospell, fearing to be cast out of this Europaean Stewardship, bethought him, by giuing so great a part of the World, whereof his Master is called a the God, to procure en∣tertainment somewhere else, and thereupon was so liberall of the Deuils peculiar, this Ethnike World: Or that in the decay of the Spirituall Power, that Genius of the Papacie sought to [ 60] supply it with Temporall (whereof the Christian Kings are more iealous) and therefore hath

new forged the Keyes into Sword, that what his Keyes could not vnlocke (nay, had nothing to doe with, as being no part of the House, like the first Alexander in the Gordian Knot) his Sword might chop in ••sunder, and giue the one halfe to one, and the other halfe to another. Once, the Sword hath made way to the Keyes in those parts, and made the Farme of the Popes Pardons a good Reuenue.

I question not the Right of the Spanish Crowne in those parts: Quis me constituit iudicem? It is the fault I find in this great Ardelio. The Castilian Industry I honour (as appeares in the former Relations) their Right may, for that which is actually in their Possession, without this Bull, plead Discouerie euen before this was written, the Sword, Preseription, subiection of the Inhabitants, long and quiet Possession; which, howsoeuer the b Case was at first (wherewith [ 10] I meddle not) must now, after so long Succession, be acknowledged Iust. I quarrell the Pope onely, and the Clayme of that See, herein truly Catholike, or Vniuersall, challenging euen in the Deuils c stile, Omnia Regna Orbis Terrae, and, Potestatem hanc vniuersam & gloriam illorum, quia mihi tradita sunt, & cui volo, do illa. Hee as the Deuils Vicar (cui tradita sunt, who by Tradition challengeth a Right to them, and by Tradition, that is, Treason, disturbes Right and Rites in them) doth Tradere, betray the Rights of them, by Sentences, Censures, and I know not what Bulls. True it is, that the Catholike Kings had other reasons to aske this furtherance from the Pope, in regard of the Portugall, which had obtained former Bulls (as is before rela∣ted; as d Neptune with the Ethnikes, so Nauigation with these, is propitiated with Bulls) and challenged a Monopoly of Discouerie; in regard of other Princes, to whom the Popes [ 20] Censures (as Thunder in a darke Night) were in those times terrible, especially in a Case other∣wise iust, where they had made Discouerie, and taken and continued Possession before all others; and in regard of the People, and (those blind Leaders of the blind) the Friers and Priests, who (si dolosi spes refulserit nummi) could with this Bull, as a Bagge full of Wind, make Musike to the Vulgar, and cause them dance ouer the Seas in this Attempt, as no lesse holy (approued by that Holy Father) then e DAVIDS dancing before the Arke. The Bulls bellowing, Authoritate Omnipotentis Dei nobis in beato PETRO concessa, ac Vicariatus IESV CHRISTI, quae fungimur in terris, where Gold and Glory were really proposed, with Conceits of Heauen and Merit annexed, could not but to Minds credulous, couetous, and therefore willing, adde Wind in Poupe, and become another generall Wind, to carry them to this New World. Besides, in [ 30] Mindes scrupulous touching the lawfulnesse of that Designe, but acknowledging that fulnesse of Apostolicall power without examination or scruple, it was almost necessarie to obtaine that, which had it beene necessary to themselues, and in their owne Consciences had begun the law∣fulnesse of that Action, they would not first haue discouered and possessed (as the Bull it selfe intimates) and afterwards haue demanded the Popes Grant; they would not haue deuoured that was sanctified and set apart from their vse, and after the Vowes haue enquired.

Reason of State is euident (abundans cautela non nocet) Religion of Episcopall power to be reason of giuing iust Title of Inheritance, and that to a World, to an Ethnike World, f Religio est dicere, is not onely (as the Mysteries of Religion are) beyond and aboue, but vtterly against and contrary to reason. But from these Reasons of State, haue the Romists (whose Religion at Rome is little else but Reason of State, as appeared in their late erected Pillar and ground of [ 40] Truth, which pilled and cast the Truth to the ground, their g Councell of Trent) gathered a Soueraigntie ouer Kings and Kingdomes; and therefore whatsoeuer was done in this kind, whiles their Houre and the Power of Darkenesse lasted, is set vpon the Last, and stretched, to make it a fit Slipper for the Popes pride-swolne Foot to tread vpon the Neckes of Kings and Emperors, as super Aspidem & Basilicum, with conculcabis Leonem & Draconem. Thus Alex∣ander serued Frederike, and thus of the second Frederike, said h Innocentius, then angry with the Kings of England and France, Expedit vt componamus cum Principe F. vt hos Regulos conte∣ramus recalcitrantes: Contrito enim vel pacificato Dracone cito Serpentuli conculcabuntur. These things he spake voce susurra, oculos obliquando & nares corrugando. Yea, now Bellarmine [ 50] is much i amused and amazed, that his Maiestie should presume to compare himselfe with the Pope, being a King of two Ilands in a Corner of the North, forgetting that Great Constantine, the Sunne of the Empire, arose from this Northerne Corner, which first filled the Hornes of the Popes Miter with secular Light, and by remouing the Imperiall Seat, made way for that Starre to become a full Moone: which though a long time (as the Moone whiles the Sunne shineth). made no great shew, the Imperiall Greatnesse continuing; yet in the Ecclipse of the Empire, or that irrecouerable Night rather by Barbarian Deluges (these also God raysed out of the contemned North, to tread vnder foot the Roman Pride) seemed to become, in that Night of Darkenesse, Lady of the Light, indeed a light Lady; which dazzled with selfe-reflecting her borrowed Beames, challenged to be the Sunne, and glories to haue procreated this later Moone, [ 60] in translating and erecting the Westerne Empire; which, and all other Christian Kingdomes must no longer shine, then they admit the light of the Papall Sunne: otherwise their Opposition must be a Coniunction, and thence Thunder-striken, like young Phaetons, they must loose their Light, and Life, and Empire together, becomming as opacous Earth (so some conceit the Moone)

yea, as darke Hells of Heresies, for not acknowledging the Pope. Let this contemner of the North remember, that this Northerne Corner was once k their Paradise and Garden of Plea∣sures, where the Pope himselfe l would haue personally for a time resided, and was reiected, euen in his Sonnes dayes, who (Bellarmine sayth vntruly) de m consensu Bar••num, resigned his Crowne to the Pope. And let him remember, that of the ten Hornes which shall hate the Whore, and make her desolate and naked, and eat her flesh, and burne her with fire, some may come out of some corner of the North. The ancient Almes of n Peter-pence he calls Tribute, and alledgeth Ireland to be the Popes Gift. Sure we are, that the Popes haue done their best and worst a∣gainst the English Right in Ireland, Paul o the fourth stomacking the Title of King, without [ 10] Papall Licence, Pius the fifth impiously deposing Queene Elizabeth by his Bull, and Gregorie the thirteenth intending it also to his Sonne, sending Forces with Stukley to that purpose, which (the Popes Blessing notwithstanding) perished before they came there. Neyther need we here or there feare Balac or Balaam (their Curses are Blessings, though Sanders also play the Shemei. But for that of Ireland, one of his owne Religion hath answered the Cardinall (whom hee applauds in Diuinitie, but in forensibus aut rebus saeculi esteemes haud mediocriter peritum) That if the Pope or his predecessors euer had right, yet by his Bull, Possession taken by the Eng∣lish, and Prescription, they are vtterly excluded. He alledgeth also, besides the succession of di∣uers Ages, that the Roman Court knowes well enough, that q Ius socialis Belli, and that vo∣luntarie submission, yea supplication of the Irish to King Henry for that purpose, which hee ac∣cepted and performed, their Letters (as hee saith) still remayning in the Vatican. r Baronius [ 20] hath testified, Hiberniam sponte deditam sibi consensu omnium vendicauit, and mentions the tran∣script of those Letters to Pope Alexander. Adrian indeed writ to King Henry, who had be∣fore consulted with him, being an Englishman, about those Irish Affaires, asking his aduice and assistance (Consilium exiges & fauorem Sedis Apost. are Adrians words, and the whole Epistle is of aduice) but by that Epistle nothing was attempted. Fifteene yeeres after, King Henry of∣fered aide to King Dermitius at his humble sollicitation, and by his Sword, not the Popes Keyes (as the s most learned Bishop hath answered the Cardinall) together with the submission of the Irish, obtayned that Soueraigntie.p

The same challenge may they make to France, for consultation with Pope Zacharie, when [ 30] Hilderike or Childerike was deposed by the French. Yea, what Kingdome doe they not finde some Window or Posterne to creepe into, and though these vniust Stewards cannot t digge, and to begge are ashamed; yet herein, where they haue begged for u Peter-pence (as Adrian in that Letter of King Henry) euen of such Begging will make an Instrument to digge thorow and steale; as some Rogues, which by Begging obtayning an Almes, haue seized on the whole Purse, and robbed their Benefactor.

Thus he, which at first was a holy Bishop, after, by beneficence of Princes, became a Princely Prelate in the Church: next, by a Murtherer and Traytor was made Head and Prince of the Church, in Church-Affaires x Oecumenicall Pope: after which, by Princes bountie made a Prince, but tributarie; by Treason against his Prince, made himselfe his Princes Peere, and ex∣alting [ 40] himselfe aboue all that is called God, from the time of Gregorie the seuenth hath bestirred him to make himselfe the Prince of all Princes Christian, and now in this Alexander, a God of the World, the Stile (as is said) of the Deuill. For whereas Adrian had challenged y omnes Insulas quibus Sol iustitiae Christus illuxit & quae documentae fidei Christianae susceperunt, ad ius B. Petri & SS. Rom. Ecclesiae pertinere, he doth it but of Christians, and for his Peter-pence, as an argument to receiue Almes, not to giue Scepters: but this Bull hath a lowder bellow, and opens his mouth wider, Omnes Insulas & Terras firmas, inuentas & inueniendas, detectas & de∣tegendas—versus Indiam aut aliam quamcun{que} partem—and that with an imagined Line from the Articke to the Antarticke Pole, by the imaginarie authoritie of Almightie God; with all their Cities, Castles, Dominions, Rights, Iurisdictions: inhibiting all others, vnder paine of Excommuni∣tion, [ 50] to presume thither for Merchandise, or any other cause, &c. Doe they not challenge the Kingdomes of Hungarie, of Arragon, of Spaine it selfe, of Denmarke, of Dalmatia and Croatia, of Portugall, of Naples, Sicilia, Ierusalem, Sardinia, Bohemia, Swethen, N••rway, Poland, Scotland, and all the Kingdomes of Europe; as Stapleton, Steuchus, Marta, and others haue written. Wee r••ad of a mad man at Athens, which esteemed euery Ship that came into the Hauen his owne, and therefore to••ke Inuentories of the Goods. Such is the sobrietie of Rome, as if the World had beene created for the Papacie; whatsoeuer Promises are made to the Church in Scripture, is their Inheritance; the Pope is the Church, and Peter, and Bishop, and Apostle, and Prince: yea, Christ, and God, and Caesar, and all, and more then all; his Centre at Rome, his Circumference euery where and nowhere. Accordingly he giues, as if he had all things: he [ 60] takes, scrapes, rakes, as if he had nothing. Wittily did a Sanctius, Brother of the King of Ar∣ragon, shew himselfe gratefull to his H••linesse for like bountie, whom when the Pope by 〈◊〉〈◊〉

of Trumpet had proclaymed King of Aegypt, he requited him with like bountie by his Trum∣petters, proclayming the Pope Chaliph of Baldach, that is, Mahomets Vicar (so Chaliph signifies) and supreme Head of the Saracens. No lesse wisely did Earle Richard, Brother to King Henry the third, acknowledge b the Popes bountifull Gift of the Kingdomes of Naples and Sicil, taken from King Conradus, demanding Hostages, Money, and some Forts in the Popes hand, to be deliuered him: otherwise (saith he) it is all one as if he should giue me the Moone, and bid me climbe vp and fetch it. And well had it beene, if King Henry himselfe had so answered him. Yea, the Catholike King c himselfe, in this inheritance of Sicill, was sensible of the Popes clayme, and prohibited that part of Baronius which maintained it.

But whence this Power so boundlesse? Is hee the Vicar of Christ? This is hee, that being [ 10] Heire d of all things, e by whom and for whom all things were created, yea, f the beginning of the new Creation of God, did g exinanire se, tooke on him the forme of a Seruant, that is, not the shew, but the substance, as is his forme of God, and h came not to be serued, but to serue: Hee in his Birth would be i taxed or enrolled a Seruant to a forraine Prince; in his Life payd Tribute Money, yea for Peter as well as himselfe; did it, k and taught so to doe; in his Death payd that he neuer tooke (vile & seruile supplicium) openly witnessed a good confession to Pilate, That his l Kingdome was not of this World; yea, that this power ouer him was giuen from aboue to Pilate: and when they would haue m made him a King, he refused; nor would n diuide the Heritage betwixt the Brethren, reiecting it with Quis me constituit? Whereas his pretended o Vicar hath made a Constitution of purpose to arrogate both Swords, and this Alexander hath [ 20] excluded all others, and diuided almost all the World to two Brethren.

But the Pope is Successor of Peter and Paul the Apostles, yea, the Heire of all Apostleship! And why not then of that p Reges gentium dominantur eorum, vos autem non sic? And why doth he not listen to Peters, q Non dominantes in clerum, much lesse in mundum? And why doth he not with Peter, put vp his Sword into his sheath, not drawing in such an Exigent for his Ma∣sters Life, such a Weapon with approbation? Malchus his right Eare, the Kings seruants faithfull Eare, by this High Priest is cut off, and they made Recusants to Gods Seruice and the Kings Allegeance by his Sword, and Bellarmine his Armour-bearer. Yet if hee loues so well Armour, why doth hee not follow Paul in his r Arma Militiae nostrae carnalia non sunt? and if he will needs be a Souldior, why breakes he Pauls Rule, s Nemo militans implicat se Ne∣gotijs [ 30] saecularibus? If yet he will change Peters Keyes into Pauls Sword, let him know Mucro furor Sauli, that Sword makes him the Successor of Saul a Persecutor, not Paul an Apostle. King Richard the first t being requested by the Pope to free his Sonne the Bishop Beluacensis, taken in the field, sent the Pope his Armour wherein he was taken, with this Message, Vide vtrum tu∣nica filij tui sit, annon: which caused the Pope modestly to disclayme him, Non filius meus est vel Ecclesiae, quia potius Martis quam Christi Miles indicatur. Mutato nomine de te Fabula nar∣ratur: The reason is strong against the Popes challenging temporall Power and Kingdome, for which the u seruants must fight in the iudgement of Truth it selfe, with Weapons correspon∣dent. Si vtrum{que} habere voles, saith x Bernard (aut dominans Apostolatum, aut Apostolicus do∣minatum) perdes vtrum{que}. The y Canons are strict herein; but the Pope is like the late Pro∣pheticall [ 40] King of z Barbary, which could cause (as they report) the Bullets to remaine in the discharged Peeces, and therefore aduentured himselfe and his on the Ordinance, without harme.

But what should I multiply words in this Argument, wherein not only our a men haue ta∣ken this weightie Crowne from the Head of this Man (who worse then that Ammonite, serues not Embassadors, but Kings themselues in that homely fashion, cutting off their garments by the Buttockes, not leauing to couer their nakednesse, or his owne shame) and set it on Dauids Head; but euen b their owne, also both Schoolemen and Lawyers, and Vniuersities and States, haue written, decreed, by Penne and Pike sought to maintaine (as at Venice lately) the right of the Crowne free from the Triple Diademe. And Melchior Goldastus hath published a large Li∣brarie [ 50] of this kind. But this Argument hath found a Kingly Writer, a King a Writer, a King of Writers, as patterne and patron of other Learning, so herein also a Defender of the Faith. And foolishly doe I further powre Water into this Sea, into which Pope Alexanders Bull hath brought me: But their Romish Shop and Mint of Doctrines prouoke me, which hauing c lately hammered a new Creed, annexed to their Tridentine Anathema's, and made a Bull to proclayme them, like d Mahomets Bull, which in the Turkes Legend brings the Alcaron in his Hornes, seeke haply to adde this as a Thirteenth, of the Popes Monarchie ouer Monarchs, so strangely rather then strongly defended by Iesuiticall e Spirits, no lesse Iebusiticall, in denying Dauids right, then Iezabellicall, in painting the face of their Idolatrous Mother, whose Witchcrafts and Whoredomes remaining in too many, will not suffer euen Children to hold their Peace. And in∣deed [ 60] to recite, is to refute the Arguments of their Popes and Cardinals, as those of Boniface f the eight: In principio: ecce duo gladij: spiritualis homo iudicat omnia, and other of like light moment.

So that of Cardinall Bellarmine, Pasce Oues, and of Baronius, Occide & manduca, and before them, of our Countreyman Cardinall g Poole, for the Popes Temporall Power, Haec omnia adijcientur vobis, Mat. 6. & Filij eorum qui te humiliauerunt curui ad te venient vt adorent vesti∣gia pedum tuorum, Es. 60. for Princes submitting their Scepters to the Pope; and the Diuine Prouidence, in giuing some Temporall peculiar for S. Pe••ers Patrimonie, In qua administranda exemplo suo Imperatores & Reges proprium corum hoc est Reg••am a••tem & veram regendi po••ulos rationem docerent. And yet how many of them liued in France, and neuer saw S. Peters Patri∣monie? And well had it beene, if this Alexander had liued in this new World, or quite out of the World: yea, in the rest, their owne Historians shew no man more transported either by [ 10] faction or affection to their kindred, whom they seeke with publike losse to aduance: such ex∣amples they haue beene at home. And what good examples they haue beene abroad, appeares in that h King, which denyed his owne and his progenitors Grants, pretending the example of the Pope his playing fast and loose with his Non obstante; and the Popes practise of dispen∣sing with Oathes both of Princes and subiects, can testifie; y••a, most Corruptions, which Hi∣stories obserue in secular Gouernment, thence may deriue easie Originals. Hence did that Iusti∣ces complaint arise, Heu, heu, hos vt quid dies expectauimus? E••ce iam ciuilis Curia exemplo Ec∣clesiasticae coinquinatur & à sulfureo fonte riuulus intoxicatur. The same Historian tels of Oathes that multoti••s iurauerat obseruare idem Rex contraire non formidauit, credens pro munere ••bsolui, which is now deuolued to the people, both prohibited and absolued from Oathes by the Pope, [ 20] now that Kings begin to discouer and to hate the Whore, and are not as hee then saith, PP. & Rex in grauamen Ecclesiae consoederati. And much lesse needs it, that the Pope should giue that which is out of the Church, and none of Christs Flocke: For what power haue the Keyes of the i Kingdome of Heauen to shut the Doores of Earthly, of meere Earthly Kingdomes? Or to shut out such as were neuer let into the Church? Yea, when Christ sayth, k Let him be as an Ethnike vnto thee, expressing the vtmost extent of the Keyes, how can Ethnikes be included, who are not sicut, but m••rè & verè Ethnici, alreadie? S. Paul sayth, l Quid mihi de ijs qui foris sunt iudicare? Nonne de ijs qui intus sunt, vos iudicatis? Nam eos qui foris sunt Deus iudicabit. This is cited by m Victoria, a Spanish Diuine, to proue, that the Pope non habet do∣minium in Terris Infidelium quia non habet potestatem nisi intra Ecclesiam; adding, that Infidels [ 30] are verè Domini, seeing the Apostle commands n Tribute to be payd them, and that the con∣trarie is merum commentum in adulationem & assentationem Pontificum: largely prouing these Propositions, That the Pope is not Lord of the World, That the Temporall Power depends not of him, That it is not subiect to his Temporall Power, and that he hath nothing to doe or∣dinarily to iudge of Princes Cases, Titles, Iurisdictions, nor hath any Power meerely Tempo∣rall; That the Temporall Power doth not at all depend of the Spirituall. And in his R••lecti∣ons of the o Indians he sayth, That it doth not appeare to him, that the Chris••ian Faith hath so beene preached to them, that they are bound sub nouo p••ccato to beleeue it, hauing had no pro∣bable perswasion, as Miracles and examples of Religious life, but the contrarie: yea, had the Faith beene neuer so probably propounded, and they reiected it, yet might they not theref••re [ 40] be spoyled of their Goods, or pursued by Warre. And what right then had the Pope to pro∣pound that Method in his Bull, Vobis sub••cere & ad fidem Catholicam reducere? Is any thing more free, then to beleeue? Else if p Ethnikes had beene to be compelled to enter into the Church (for it is otherwise with the Children of the Kingdome) hee would haue sent Cap∣taines, Conquerors, Alexanders (as the Saracens did, and this Alexander imitates) not Fisher∣men, Tent-makers, Publicans, as Sheepe amongst Wolues, not Wolues amongst Sheepe. On whom did Dauid, or M••ses▪ or any of the ancient Kings make Warre onely for Infidelitie? Vnde grau••ssimê peccaremus (sayth Cardinall q Caietan) si fidem Christi Iesu per hanc viam ampliare contenderemus; nec essemus legitimi Domini illorum, sed magna latrocinia committere∣mus, & teneremur ad restitutionem, vtpote iniusti debellatores aut occupatores. Good men (sayth [ 50] he) should be sent, by their Preaching and liuing to conuert them to God; and not such as shall oppresse, spoyle, scandalize, subiect, and make them twice more the Children of Hell, like the Pharises.

And this may be the cause of all those Misorders which happened in the Indies: the most by a blind zeale, thinking they did God seruice in punishing the Idolatries, Man-eating, and Sodomies, and other Vices of the Ethnikes, with Inuasion and Warre, especially where Terr••r might bring them, or, they being slaine, others by their example, to admit the Gospell; that had not the pietie and pittie of some eye-witnesses excited the Royall Prouision of the Catho∣like Kings in this case (which ouer so wide Seas and spacious Lands they could not discerne) euen Hell it selfe had beene loosed on Earth, vnder the pretext of Heauen, and the Prince of Darkenesse had effected his blackest and cruellest Designes, in habite of an Angell of Light [ 60] Tantum Religio poterat suadere malorum, may we say of this Religious irreligious Bull. Thus Nunho di r Gusman, a Spanish Commander, relates in an Epistle to the Emperour, his manner of inuading: first, after his Martiall Prologue, preaching to the Indians, GOD, the Pope, and the King of Spaine, Minister of GOD on Earth, whom all men in the World ought to obey;

the s••lly Indians for feare acknowledging themselues ready to worship the King, till his better instruction. He also perswades the Emperour not to giue libertie to the Christian Indians, and to allow nothing but necessaries, that by much subiection they might be made good Christians. Hee quarrels those Quarrellers, that hold this Warre vniust, and seeke to disturbe it, being the most holy and meritorious Worke that can be done in the seruice of God, for which himselfe hoped the diminution of his sinnes. And if I should shew out of f Casas, a Spanish Bishop in those parts, the executions of this Bull, you would say, that the Brazen Bull of Phalaris, the Monster-Bull of Minos, the fire-breathing Bull subdued by Hercules, the Iewes Behemoth, and those of Aegypt, were but Calues to this of Pope Alexander: Hinc illae laechrymae. They had beene Heretikes, if they had not obeyed the Pope, Subijciendo & ad fidem Catholicam re∣ducendo. [ 10] All that wee haue talked of Kings all this while, see effected in t Mutezuma (no meane, though an Ethnike Prince) out of Cortez his owne Relations to the Emperour, and in Attabaliba or Atahualpa, the mightie Inga, related by u Benzo, the Dominican Vincentius de valle viridi preaching the Popes Gift, to which if he did not willingly yeeld, he should be forced; which that Heathen disclaymed as vniust, saying, That the Pope was foolish and im∣pudent, to giue so liberally another mans goods. Whereupon the Frier cruelly cryed to the Spaniards, to execute that which was in that manner easie to effect, saying, agite Christiani, trucidate istos canes &c. What should I speake of Millions perishing without the Faith by this new Article of Faith, Subijcere & ad fidem Catholicam reducere? Of Shambles of Mans flesh, and other Cruelties? I delight not in such Tragaedies, I onely shew the Choragus, the [ 20] Westerne Alexander his Bull, or Bucephalus, the very Cerberus which produced those Dogges which hunted and deuoured the Indians, and yet as Casas hath, were more milde then their Masters, Masters indeed of x immanitie and inhumanitie, but proceeding in this Schoole, and writing Comments and a world of Glosses on this Bull-Text with the bloud of a world of men in that New World. How doth Acosta and others deplore these bloudie and therefore slip∣perie foundations of the Faith? That from these forced beginnings, Nihil pium & salutare nisi per vim agant? That they haue receiued but a shew of Christianitie, closely embracing their old Superstitions? As a Plant (sayth hee) growing crooked at first, must eyther be broken, or still suffered so to grow, Ita prorsus cùm Indorum natio bellici apparatus potius authoritate quàm ger∣mana praedicatione magna ex parte Christum acceperit &c. So amongst these Indians, as the [ 30] feare of Warre, not true Preaching, made way to Christianitie, so doe they still retaine feare and a seruile condition, not freely translated to be the Children of God by Regeneration. For nothing is so contrarie to Faith, as is all force and violence. But of their Christianitie I haue spoken elsewhere out of their owne Authors; I here shew the root of it, this Apostolike Bull. The Poets tell of Europa deflowred by Iupiter, hauing conueyed her thorow the Sea in forme of a Bull. The Roman Iupiter of the Vatican Capitoll, or S. Angelo Veiouis, hath conueyed ouer this greater part of the World, this New World, America, to be both deflowred and deuoured by Catholike Souldiers, by his Catholike Bull, in faire shew of reducing to Faith, but first men∣tioning Forts, and Subiection. That Bull by the Poets was exalted to a Constellation in Hea∣uen: This Bull hauing made such hauocke on Earth, rather deserues Hell, except some Poets [ 40] which can make their Gods (as the Pope in Canonization, the Priest in Consecration) can de∣uise also to make new Antartike Heauens to place this Bull in: Our Artike is now too full of Constellations, to admit any such Monsters, lest hee should make terrible Tragedies there also, being since growne so huge, that he incompasseth the two Hemispheres with his hornie Hemi∣circles.

And for his prohibition of all Christians else to attempt those parts for Merchandise or other cause; what is it, but with his two Hornes to push at, and out, both Nature and Grace? That in so large a Tract of the World it may neyther be lawfull to carrie Spirituall, nor recarrie Tem∣porall Commodities, without leaue obtained, vnder paine of Excommunication? And is it not Bulla, a bubble and froth, the babbling or babelling of Babel, That a Bishop should countermand [ 50] Merchandise, and the Seruant of Gods Seruants should make himselfe a Lord of Heathen Lords, to giue the Crownes of Kings by Apostolicall Salutem & benedictionem? What more Aposta∣ticall or Apotacticall? What could Alexanders Malediction haue done more, or worse? Is sub∣ijcere the way to bring to the Catholike Faith? Proh fidem istam Catholicam! Proh Deûsm at{que} hominum fidem! Rara fides pietas{que} viris qui castra sequuntur.

And yet one clause of Baptisme is more Bullish or Hellish then the rest (per sacri lauacri sus∣ceptionem qua Mandatis Apostolicis obligati estis) That Christians, that Kings are obliged, by their very Baptisme obliged to the Apostolicall, that is, in their sense, the Popes Commande∣ments. a Diuisus est Christus? Nunquid PAVLVS crucifixus est pro vobis, aut in nomine PAVLI baptisati estis? said that glorious Apostle of the Gentiles: but this gentle glorying [ 60] Apostle will needs in a new Catholike Faith be eyther crucified for vs with Christ, or make a fourth Person in the Trinitie, vnto whose Mandates alone wee are baptized. But Boniface had answered this, b Vnum caput, non duo capita quasi monstrum, Christus & ipsi Vicarius. This also fauours Alexander, which would needs be a God, the sonne of Iupiter, and was so by his

Parasites acknowledged. And right so the Pope by his flatterers, who affirme, c R••ges cum hac conditione admitti ad Ecclesiam vt Christo Scept••a subijciant, and consequently, to his Vicar the Pope. We poore men had thought, that in the Sacraments God had vouchsafed vs a great dig∣nitie, that we are therein equall with Kings; that in d one Spirit we had been all baptized into one Body, whether Iewes or Gentile••, whether bond or free; that e whosoeuer were baptized in Christ, had put on Christ, and that there was neither Iew nor Greeke, neither bond nor free, neither male nor female: omnes enim vos vnum estis in Christo Iesu. But see how this h••rned Beast, with his Scepter-pushing Bull blesseth and makes vs more happy then baptized Kings: for we may enioy our Possessions, our Professions as more free, at least not impaired by Baptisme; but Kings [ 10] are admitted into the Church, with subiection of their Persons and Crownes to the Pope; their subiects also may disclayme, not sweare, forsweare Allegeance; yea, it shall be tolerable, nay lawfull, nay commendable, yea, and merit••rious for Heauen, to kill the Kings of the Earth, which shall be immorigerous to his Holinesse. Protestants are generally beholden to his Ca∣tholike Keyes, which open Rome, the Catholike Mother Citie, to Strumpets, to Iewes, but locke out our Generation to the consuming f••ames: but Protestant, yea, Catholike Kings, are lesse in fauour then other Catholikes, and in condition like the Iewes: for as they must, in con∣uerting to Christianitie, renounce their former Wealth (as f Victor de Carben, a Christened Iew, complaynes) together with the World and the Deuill, embracing beggerie with their Christia∣nitie, which makes so few Conuerts; so Kings (which euen amongst Heathens knew no Supe∣riour [ 20] but God) must in their Baptisme make a tacite renuntiation of their Kingdomes, when their holy Lord the Pope (in ordine ad Deum) shall so adiudge. And if he obey not, he loseth his Baptisme, becomes now an Heretike, and his subiects, by vertue of that his Baptisme also, which obliged him to the Pope, are at the Popes Bulls first lowing to depose him. Iam sumus ergo pares, Kings and Iewes may say: it is better (in secular respects) not to professe Christ, not to be baptized. The reason out of Tortus his new Kabala (as that learned g Bishop calls it) ortus cui{que} duplex, in our naturall birth we are borne subiects to our Prince, in our supernaturall (by Baptismall Regeneration) congenitum aliud & tacitum iuramentum ad obediendum Pr••ncipi spirituali, Christi Vicario, Papae, we are therein sworne forsooth to the Pope. It is no maruell that this Bull hath begotten such brutish Christians in America, as the h Iesuites complayne; [ 30] I hope in the East they teach otherwise.

That the Pope renounceth his Baptismall Name, I neuer knew the reason before, nor doe I now maruell; for then our Roderigo Borgia was sworne in Baptisme to Christ, and tacitely to the Pope: but now he is made Pope himselfe, a Name in opposition to all obedience, free from both, i 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, exlex ille; no more Roderigo the Christian, subiect (it is a terme of all others most odious to Popes) to Christ and the Pope, but Alexander the Great, the very Pope, emu∣lous to Christ; his Vicar, which doth and receiueth all things, as one and the same Head with Christ (giuing a World, receiuing Kings in Baptisme, as here) and therefore very Antichrist, both as 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, opposing, and as 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 in the Name of Christs Vicar, with his two Hornes like the Lambe, extolling himselfe k aboue all that is called God, or that is worshipped, [ 40] ita vt in Templo Dei sedeat ostendens se tanquam sit Deus. And so I leaue him, and his Apis, his Aegyptian Babylonicall Bull: In bayting whereof, if I haue playd the fierce English Mastiffe, no man that hath read the storie of the Spanish Dogges in the West Indies (which came out of this Kennell) can be iustly offended. And (besides that the place where I writ this, hath beene a place of argument to moue me to enter these Lists) the argument of this great Worke, Na∣uigations, English Indian Nauigations exacted some Apologie, to shrowd themselues from this Bulls pushing and lowd bellowing Thunders, Nulli omnino hominum liceat hanc Paginam in∣fringere, vel ei ausu temerario contraire: si quis autem hoc attentare praesumpserit, indignationem Omnipotentis DEI ac beatorum PETRI & PAVLI Apostolorum eius se nouerit incursurum. The Curse that is causelesse, shall not come: GOD will doe good to Dauid for Shimeis cursing. [ 50] The Catholike Princes of those dayes did not beleeue him, nor haue they since. The Portugals (as you shall presently heare) regarded it not; and not the Bull, but other compromise, stayed them from open Hostilitie. The peaceable and wise King of England, Henry the seuenth, sent presently after, Cabota to discouer: The French, in their France Antarctike, and new France, and other East and West Nauigations, haue contradicted. These beleeued not, that the Sunne shined onely in one Kingdome, whatsoeuer Combustions this portentuous Comet diffused. And long, long may his Maiestie of Great Brittaine spread his long and iust Armes to the fur∣thest East and remotest West, in the gainefull Traffiques, in the painefull Discoueries, in the Glorious and Christian Plantations of his Subiects (maugre such Bug-beare, Bull-beare bellow∣ings) Salomon and Hiram, Israelites and Tyrians, all Arts and Religions concurring into one [ 60] Art of Arts, the Truth of Religion, and aduancing of the Faith, together with the glory of his Name, the splendour of his State, the loue of his People, the hopes of his Royall Posteritie to the last of Ages. Amen. Amen.

Notes

• Hanc Bullam habet Lopez de Gomura, in hist. gen. parte 2. c. 19. & R. Eden.
• This was Eng∣lished and pub∣lished by R. Eden, 1577
• a

  Seneca.
• b

  Cice••o.
• c

  He was be∣fo••e c••lled Ro∣der••cus Borgia, a Spaniard of Val••n••ia.
• d

  Lucan.
• e

  Aug. de Ciu. 〈◊〉〈◊〉 c. 4. Qu•••• tibi vt O••••em terra∣rum? sed quia id ego exiguo facio nauigio, latro vocor, quia tu magna classe, imperator.
• f

  B••n. Card. Bal. &c. vid. script. vit. Pontif. de hoc & seq. PP.
• g

  This History hath many Te∣stimonies of their owne Authors: see it main••ained agai••st Baron. by Morn. Myst. Iniq. pag 323. in Fol. V••d. ••im. Schard ex v••a. Ge••m. scr••••ta.
• h

  He maintai∣ned the Popes po••e•• against 〈◊〉〈◊〉 K••ng and the Clergies immunitie (which had committed a∣boue a hundred Murthers, as Neubrig. l. 2. then liuing, te∣stifieth) from the King and iustly therefore by Diuine Prouiden••e (though with humane Iniustice) was murthered himselfe.
• i

  King Henry the second held the Bridle to the Popes Legate twice, and suffered many stripes on his naked flesh with Roddes.
• k

  Etsi illa Curia fide••es Christi multoties excruciauerit, nunquam tamen tam lethaliter sauciau••t, &c. Mat. Par. 1255.
• l

  See Theod. de Ni••m, whi••h li∣ued with him, his three last Chapters of the third book.
• m

  Whence those Verses, Vendit Alexan∣der C••uces, Alta∣ria, Christum, Vendere iu••e potest, emerat ille prius.
• Bal. ex H. Mar. Euseb. Cap.
• n

  See Onuph. in vit. Al. 6.
• o

  Bel. de R. Pont. in praefat.
• p

  Onuph. in vit. Al. 6. Pontifex in eam totus in∣cubuit curam vt ingentes filio opes vel summa cum omnium iniuria pararet. And, Inopiae, m••tu ra∣pax at{que} ingenio immani saevus. opulentiss quem{que} in Aula Sacerdo∣tem & in his Cardinales A••i∣quot caeteris diti∣ores veneno tol∣lendos constituit.—Homo ad Ita∣liae exitium na∣tus &c. So Guic. l. 1. non sincer••ta, non fede, non religi∣one auaritia in∣satiabi••e crudelta piuche barbara & ardentiss. cu∣pidita di essal∣tare in qualun{que} modo ei figliuol▪ iquali erano molti. Vid. Iou. Volat &c.
• q

  Guic. l. 16. Ne nostri cor∣rotti costumi è laudata la bonta del Pontefice quando non tra∣passa la malig∣nità de gli altri huomini.
• Volat. Roma Nobilis iam car∣nific••na facta.
• r

  200000 Du∣cats▪ & Christs seame-lesse Coat. Ion. Hist. l. 2:
• Pontanus of Lucretia▪ the Popes daughter, Hoc iacet in tumulo Lucretia nomine, sed re Thais, Alexandri filia, spo••sa, nurus.
• s

  Volater. & Bal.
• t

  Conuersio à conuerrendo. Cic. in Ver. ac. 4. O verrea praeclara. Etenim quam tu Domum, quam Vrbem adijsti, quod fanum deni{que} quod non cu••rsum at{que} extersum reliqueris?
• u

  2. Reg. 21.13.
• x

  Mat. 23.
• y

  See the last Chapter of my Pilgrimage, lib. 9.
• z

  Lu. 16.
• a

  2. Cor. 4.4.
• b

  Bar. Ius Regis, l. ••. c. 3. at pos∣sessio malae fidei 〈◊〉〈◊〉 procedit? ••ercle non in primo possessore nec in haerede proximo aut ne∣cessario, sed legi∣time in posteris & valide &c. licite suff. ad conti••uat. domi∣nij non ad in∣choationem.
• c

  〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 Lu. 4.5. hoc ille titulo & 〈◊〉〈◊〉 Oecu∣menicus Papa.
• d

  Taurum Nep∣tuno taurum tibi pulcher Apollo. Virg.
• e

  2. Sam. 6.
• f

  Ter. beaut.
• g

  Se•• the Hist. of that Coun∣cell published in English, translated out of Italian by M. Brent, which d••scouers the pa••ti••ular wor∣kings of that Mysterie.
• h

  Mat. Paris in Hen. 3. An. 1245.
• Yet Michael the Archangell, when he stroue against the De∣uill, durst not blame him with cursed speaking. Iude 9.
• i

  Mirum est quòd is qui in angulo Septen∣trionis d••as in∣sulas subiectas habet, ita de se praesumat, vt di∣cat, nulla expar∣te me Pontifice esse inferiore a credo. Apolog. p. 26. Vid. resp. E••. E••. pag. 78.
• Ad An. 1245.
• k

  Matth. Paris verè ho••tus no∣ster deliciarum, est Anglia verè puteus ine•• bau∣sius est, & vbi multa abundant, multa possunt extorquers de multis.
• l

  Idem. A. 1245.
• m

  Vid. ••esp. ad Apol. R.P. Epist. El. pag. 82. vid. & T••rt. T. pag. 217.
• n

  Constat ab Ad. ••. Po••t. da∣t••m fuiss•• Hib. Hen 2. An. 1126. pag. 29.
• o

  Hist. Con. Trent.
• Balaams counsell for Peor, his idola∣trous Priests are more to be feared then his Bulls.
• q

  Primus titulus ius est. socialis belli &c. 〈◊〉〈◊〉. tit. verus profecto & Germanus est inuitatio ordi∣num regni & totius Cleri, 4. Archiep. 28. E∣pis••. &c.
• r

  Baron. to. 12. An. 1171.
• s

  Vid. Ep. El. est Card. Bel. Apa••. resp. pag. 86.
• p

  G. ••arret I.C. li. 3. c. 3. ••d Lud. 13. Gal. K.
• t

  Lu. 16.
• u

  Matth Paris ad An. ••155.
• x

  Onuph in vita Bonifac. 3.
• Nonne Rex A••glor••m noster est vasallus & vt pius d••cam mancipium, said the Pope, an∣gred with a Letter o•• Rob. Gro••••ed A. 1253. ap. Mat. Par. t••rao aspectu & s••••e••bo &c.
• y

  Mat. Paris A••. 1155.
• The very word 〈◊〉〈◊〉 are 〈…〉〈…〉 &••.
• 〈◊〉〈◊〉. de Mag. R.E. l. 2 c. ••. 〈◊〉〈◊〉 tit. R. E. potestas in 〈◊〉〈◊〉 Principes 〈◊〉〈◊〉 creaadospunc; and hauing named very many, hee con••••u••e••, E••t 〈…〉〈…〉 S. Sedis e••••mia ••ot ••••as in Prouincijs Ch••i••tianis su••t 〈◊〉〈◊〉 h••••••tate Reges 〈…〉〈…〉 &c.
• 〈…〉〈…〉 ap. Stench. l. 2. cont. Vallam pro Dan. Const. Bodin. de Re••ub. l. 1. c. 9. vid. & Tort. Tort. p. 21••.
• a

  〈1 paragraph〉〈1 paragraph〉
• b

  Mat. Paris, An. 1254. Idem e••t acs••••••is dic••ret, ven••o vel do tibi lu∣nam, as••ende & appr••hende eam.
• c

  Phi••. R. Hisp. Cath. Edictum cont. tractat. C. Bar. de ••ion. Sic.
• d

  Heb. 1.
• e

  Col. 1.
• f

  Ap 3.
• g

  Ph. 2.
• h

  Lu••. 2••.
• i

  Luc. 2.
• k

  Mat••. 22.
• l

  Io. 18.
• m

  6.15.
• n

  Luc. 12.
• o

  ••on. 8. vnam s••nc.
• p

  Mat. ••0. Luc. 22.
• q

  1. Pet. 5. These places are produ••ed by Victoria in his Relect. de▪ Indis, n. 27. & de pet. Ecclesiae.
• r

  2. Cor. 10.
• s

  2. Tim. 2. vid. Amb. ad istum lo••.
• t

  Mat. Par. An. 1196.
• u

  Io. 18.36.
• x

  Bern. ••e consid. l. 2.
• y

  Can. Ap. 80. & 82.
• z

  See my Pilg. l. 6. c. 11. §. 3.
• a

  D.D. Epis••. El. T••rt. T. & Resp. & D. Morten & Abbat. & B••ck. & Down. & Arch. Spalat. l. ••. c. 10. D. Sutl. de Pont. R. l. 4. c. 14. D. Whitak. & Rain. & Col. &c.
• b

  Barclayus P. & F. G. Barret. Ioan. Paris. Iac. Alma••n. Serbona ••n Tanquerelli Pali••od. Relect. Victoriae &c.
• c

  Bulla Iura∣menti de profes. ••d.
• d

  See my Pilg. l. 3. c. 3.
• e

  See twentie such Articles against the state of Kings, drawne out of Bellarmine by the B. of W. in his learned Answer to the Apologie. Pag. 62.
• f

  Bon. Ex∣ti••••. vn••m sanc.
• g

  Reg. Pol••. de sum. P. c. 47.
• h

  Mat. Par. in H. 3. An. 1252. nonne dom. Papa m••ltoties factum suum reuocat? Nonne opposito hoc repagu••o Non Obstante chartas cassat pr••concessas? Sic & ego &c.
• i

  Idem A. 1251. 1254. & 1256. &c.
• k

  Mat. 18.
• l

  1. Cor. 5.12, 13.
• m

  Fr. à Vict. Relec. de Pot. Eccl. s.
• n

  Rom. 13.
• o

  Relect. de Ind. n. 38.
• p

  Ca••et. ad sum. 22. q. 66. ar. 8. Do••ini quamuis Infidel••s l••giti∣mi D••min sunt, nec sunt ••••op••er i fid. à D••••inio suo••um 〈…〉〈…〉, cù 〈…〉〈…〉 & 〈◊〉〈◊〉 ex D••uino iure &c.
• q

  Caiet. vbi s••p.
• r

  〈1 paragraph〉〈1 paragraph〉
• f

  Bart. Cas. of the Spanish Cruelties.
• See P. Pilg. lib. 2. cap. 20. Of Egypt, their Mneuis, Apis, Ba••is, Onuphis, &c. l. 6▪ c. 4.
• t

  Cort. Narrat. ad Imp ••ar.
• u

  Benzo l. 3. c. 3. See the whole Oration groū∣ded on th••s Bull, the Pope thereby giuing Terras incogni∣••as, id{que} vi co∣actum &c. S••c Lop. Vaz, L., Gomera, G••rc. de la Vega, &c.
• x

  ••••ter arma sil ni Leges. Non ex iure ma∣nu consertum, sed mage ferro Rem repetent. I. Acosta de pro∣curanda Indo∣rum salut••, l. 1. c. 13, 14. l▪ 2. c. 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 13, 14, 15. l. 3. c. 3, 4, 5. l. 4. c. 4, 5, &c. He also shewes how naturall Merchandise is, and how vniust it is to prohibite it: producing he example of the Chinois; he might, of this Bull.
• In the last Chapter of my Pilgrimage.
• a

  1. Co. 1.13.
• b

  Bon. 8. Extr. de 〈◊〉〈◊〉. & ob.
• c

  B••llar. in his Ma••. Tort. vid. T••rturam T. pag. 32.
• d

  1. Cor. 12.13.
• e

  Gal. 3.27, 28.
• f

  Vict. de Carb. l. 1. c. 4, 5.
• g

  Tort. T••••ti. pag. 201.
• h

  Acost. sae i••in l••b. de proc. ••••d. sal.
• i

  2. Th. 2. vid. Down. de An∣tich. l 5. c. 6.
• k

  2. Th. 2. vid. Down l. 4. c. 1.
• Ch. Col.