The ornithology of Francis Willughby of Middleton in the county of Warwick Esq, fellow of the Royal Society in three books : wherein all the birds hitherto known, being reduced into a method sutable to their natures, are accurately described : the descriptions illustrated by most elegant figures, nearly resembling the live birds, engraven in LXXVII copper plates : translated into English, and enlarged with many additions throughout the whole work : to which are added, Three considerable discourses, I. of the art of fowling, with a description of several nets in two large copper plates, II. of the ordering of singing birds, III. of falconry / by John Ray ...

CHAP. I. Terms of Art used in Falconry explained.

B.

• BAting, is endeavouring to fly off the Fist or Pearch to which the Hawk is tied: from the French word Battere.
• Bathing needs no explication.
• Bowsing is when a Hawk drinks often, and seems to be continually thirsty.
• A Brancher, Vide A Ramage Hawk.

C.

• CRabbing is when Hawks, standing too near, fight one with another.
• A Creance is a fine small long line of fine and even twined Packthred, which is fastned to the Hawks Lease.
• The Cere is that skin which covereth the base of a Hawks Bill, from the Latine word Cera, signifying Wax, because it is in most birds of prey of the colour of Bees Wax; The skin of the Legs and Feet, as far as it is bare of feathers, is also so called.
• Check, or to kill check is when Crows, Rooks, Pies, or other Birds coming in the view of the Hawk, she forsaketh her natural flight to fly at them.
• Casting is any thing you give your Hawk to cleanse her gorge with, whether it be Flannel, Thrums, Thistle down, Feathers, or the like. What ever you give them of this kind, over-night, or at any other time, it is the nature of these Birds to cast it up again the next morning, or after a convenient time, made up into a lump or pellet.
• A Cadge is that on which the Falconers carry many Hawks together, when they bring them to sell.
• To Cope a Hawk is to cut her Beak or Talons.

D.

• DIsclosed is newly hatcht.
• Dropping is when a Hawk mutes directly downward, and jerketh it not long ways from her.

E.

• TO Endew is when a Hawk digesteth her meat, not only putting it from her gorge, but cleansing her pannel.
• An Eyas or Nyas Hawk is a Hawk taken out of the Nest, or brought away in the Nest.
• The Eyrie is the Nest, or place where Hawks build and breed their Young.

G.

• THe Gorge is that part of the Hawk which first receiveth the meat, called in other fowls the Craw or Crop.
• Gurgiting is when a Hawk is stuft or suffocated with any thing, be it meat or ought else.

I.

• THe Ink, whether it be of Partridge, Dove, or any other prey, is the Neck from the Head to the body.
• Intermewd is from the first exchange of a Hawks coat, or from her first mewing till she come to be a white Hawk.
• Jesses are those short straps of leather, which are fastned to the Hawks Legs, and so to the Lease by Varvels, Anlets, or such like.
• To Imp is to put a feather into Wings or Train, instead of one lost or broken: from the Latine impono.

L.

• THe Lease is a small long thong of leather, by which the Falconer holdeth his Hawk fast, folding it many times about his finger.
• The Lure is that whereto Falconers call their young Hawk, by casting it up in the air; being made of Feathers and leather, in such wise that in the motion it looks not unlike a fowl.

M.

• THe Mail of a Hawk is the Breast or Plumage of the Breast in reference to its co∣lour: So they say a Hawk changes the mail, or is white-maild, &c.
• To mail a Hawk is so to wrap her up in a handkerchief, or other cloth, that she may not be able to stir her Wings or struggle.
• Muting is the excrement or ordure that comes from a Hawk, and contains both dung and urine.
• A make-hawk is an old staunch flying Hawk, which being inured to her flight will easily instruct a younger Hawk.
• To make or manage a Hawk, is by Art to prepare, fit, and instruct her to fly at any game.
• The Mew is the place, whether it be abroad, or in the house, where you set down your Hawk during the time she changes her feathers. The word mew signifies to change, being derived of the Latine muto.

N.

• THe Nares, i. e. The Nosthrils: It is a Latine word.

P.

• PLuming is when a Hawk seizeth on a Fowl, and plucks the feathers from the body.
• Plumage are small downy feathers, which the Hawk takes, or are given her for casting.
• The Pelt is the dead body of any fowl however dismembred.
• ...

• The Pill and pelf of a fowl is that broken remains or refuse, which are left after the Hawk hath been relieved.
• The Plume is the general colour or mixture of feathers in a Hawk, which sheweth her constitution.
• A Pearch is that whereon you set down your Hawk when you put her off your fist.
• The Pannel is that part of the Hawk next her fundament. I take it, they mean the stomach [ventriculus] by this word.

Q.

• THe Quarry is the fowl which is flown at, and slain at any time, especially when young Hawks are flown thereto.

R.

• A Ramage-Hawk or Brancher is a young Hawk that hath just left the Nest, but flies not far from it, only leaping from bough to bough, and following the old one.
• Ramage is also said of a Hawk that is wild, coy, or disdainful to the man, and hard to be reclaimed.
• Reclaiming is to tame, make gentle, or bring a Hawk to familiarity with the man.
• A Rufter-hood is the first hood a Hawk wears, being large, wide, and open be∣hind.

S.

• THe Sarcel is the extreme pinion feather in a Hawks Wing.
• Seizing is when a Hawk takes any thing into her foot, and gripeth or holdeth it fast.
• Slicing, is when a Hawk muteth from her long-ways, in one entire substance, and doth not drop any part thereof.
• Stouping is when a Hawk being on her Wings at the height of her pitch, bendeth vio∣lently down to strike her prey.
• Summed is when a Hawk hath all her feathers, and is fit to be taken out of the mew.
• Setting down is putting a Hawk into the mew.
• A Sore-hawk is from the first taking her from the Eyrie till she hath mew'd her fea∣thers.
• To Seel a Hawk is artificially to sow up her Eyes, so that she may see but little.

T.

• THe Train of a Hawk is her Tail.
• Trussing is when a Hawk raseth a fowl aloft, and so descendeth down with it to the ground.
• To truss a Hawk is to tye her Wings so as she cannot stir them.

U.

• UNsummed is when a Hawks feathers are not come forth, or not come to their full length.
• Varvels joyning the Jesses to the Lease.

W.

• WEathering is setting abroad your Hawk to take the air either by day or by night, in the frost or in the Sun, or at any other season.