Ebdomas embolimaios a supplement to the eniautos, or course of sermons for the whole year : being seven sermons explaining the nature of faith and obedience in relation to God and the ecclesiastical and secular powers respectively / all that have been preached and published (since the restauration) by the Right Reverend Father in God Jeremy, Lord Bishop of Down and Connor ; to which is adjoyned, his Advice to the clergy of his diocese.

1 SAMUEL 15. latter part of the 22^th verse.

Behold to obey is better then sacrifice, and to hearken then the fat of rams.

First part of the 23^th. For Rebellion is as the sin of witchcraft, and stubbornness is as iniquity and idolatry.

IN the world nothing is more easy then to say our Prayers, and to obey our Superiors; and yet in the world there is nothing to which we are so unwilling as to Prayer, and nothing seems so intolerable as Obedience: for men esteem all Laws to be fetters, and their Superiors are their enemies: and when a command is given, we turn into all shapes of excuse to escape from the imposi∣tion:

For either the authority is incompetent, or the law it self is Statutum non bonum, or it is impossible to be kept, or at least very incon∣venient, and we are to be reliev'd in equity, or there is a secret dispensation, and it does not bind in my particular case, or not now; or it is but the law of a man, and was made for a certain end; or it does not bind the con∣science, but 'twas only for Political regards; or, if the worst happen, I will obey pas∣sively, and then I am innocent. Thus every man snuffes up the wind, like the wild asses in the wilderness, and thinks that Autho∣rity is an incroachment upon a mans birth∣right; and in the mean time never considers that Christ took upon him our Nature that he might learn us Obedience, and in that also make us become like unto God. In his Justice and his Mercy he was imitable before; but before the Incarnation of Christ we could not in passive graces imitate God who was impas∣sible. But he was pleased at a great rate to set forward this duty; and when himself became obedient in the hardest point, obediens usque ad mortem, and is now become to us the author and finisher of our Obedience, as well as of our Faith,

admonetur omnis aetas fieri posse quod aliquando factum est. We must needs confess it very pos∣sible to obey the severest of the divine laws, even to dye if God commands, because it was already done by a man; and we must needs confess it excellent, because it was done by God himself.

But this great Example is of universal in∣fluence in the whole matter of Obedience. For that I may speak of that part of this Duty which can be useful, and concerns us; Men do not deny but they must obey in all Civil things, but in Religion they have a Supreme, God only, and Conscience is his interpreter; and in effect every man must be the Judge whether he shall obey or no. Therefore it is that I say, the Example of our Lord is the great determination of this inquiry: for he did obey and suffer, according to the com∣mands of his Superiors under whose Govern∣ment he was placed; he gave his back to the smiters, and his cheeks to the nippers; he kept the orders of the Rulers, and the customes of the Synagogues, the Law of Moses and the rights of the Temple; and by so doing he fulfilled all righteousness. Christ made no distinctions in

his Obedience, but obeyed God in all things, and those that God set over him in all things according to God, and in things of Religion most of all; because to obey was of it self a great instance of Religion, and if ever Reli∣gion comes to be pretended against Obedience in any thing where our Superior can com∣mand, it is imposture: For that is the pur∣pose of my text, Obedience is better then Sacrifice. Our own judgment, our own opinion is the sacrifice, seldome fit to be offered to God, but most commonly deserving to be consumed by fire: but take it at the best, it is not half so good as Obedience; for that was indeed Christ's Sacrifice, and (as David of Goliah's sword, non est alter talis) there is no other sacrifice that can be half so good: and when Abraham had lifted up his sacrificing knife to slay his Son, and so express'd his obedience, God would have no more; he had the Obedience, and he cared not for the Sacrifice.

By Sacrifice here then is meant the external and contingent actions of Religion; by Obe∣dience is meant submission to Authority, and observing the command. Obedience is a not chusing our Duty, a not disputing with our

Betters, not to argue, not to delay, not to mur∣mure; it is not this, but it is much better; for it is Love, and Simplicity, and Humility, and Usefulness, and I think these do reductively con∣tain all that is excellent in the whole conjuga∣tion of Christian Graces.

My Text is a perfect Proposition, and hath no special remark in the words of it; but is only a great representation of the most useful Truth to all Kingdomes and Parliaments and Councels and Authorities in the whole world: It is your Charter, and the Sanction of your authority, and the stabiliment of your Peace, and the honour of your Laws, and the great defence of your Religion, and the build∣ing up and the guarding of the King's Throne. It is that by which all the Societies in heaven and earth are firm: without this you cannot have a Village prosperous, or a Ship arrive in harbour. It is that which God hath bound upon us by hope and fear, by wrath and con∣science, by duty and necessity. Obedience is the formality of all Vertues, and every Sin is Disobedience. There can no greater thing be said, unless you please to adde, that we never read that the earth opened and swallowed up

any man alive, but a company of rebellious disobedient people, who rose cup against Moses and Aaron, the Prince of the People, and the Priest of God. For Obedience is the most ne∣cessary thing in the world, and corruptio optimi est pessima: Disobedience is the greatest evil in the world, and that alone which can de∣stroy it.

My text is instanced in the matter of Obedi∣ence to God; but yet the case is so, that though I shall in the first place discourse of our Obe∣dience to man, I shall not set one foot aside from the main intention of it; because Obe∣dience to our Superiors is really and is accounted to be Obedience to God, for they are sent by God, they are his vicegerents, his Ministers, and his Embassadors. Apostolus cujusque est quisque say the Jewes, Every mans Apostle is himself; and he that heareth or despiseth you, said Christ, heareth or despiseth me: And the reason is very evident, because it is not to be expected that God should speak to us by himself, but sometimes by Angels, sometimes by Pro∣phets, once by his Son, and alwaies by his Servants.

Now I desire two things to be observed.

First, We may as well perceive that God speaks to us when he uses the ministry of men as when he uses the ministry of Angels: one is as much declared and as certain as the other. And if it be said, a man may pretend to come from God, and yet deliver nothing but his own errand; that is no strange thing: but re∣member also that S. Paul puts this supposi∣tion in the case of an Angel, [If an Angel preach any other Gospel;] and we know that many Angels come like Angels of light, who yet teach nothing but the waies of Darkness. So that we are still as much bound to obey our Superior as to obey an Angel: a man is paulò minor angelis, a little lower then the Angels; but we are much lower then the King. Con∣sider then with what fear and love we should receive an Angel, and so let us receive all those whom God hath sent to us, and set over us; for they are no less: less indeed in their Per∣sons, but not in their Authorities. Nay the case is nearer yet; for we are not only bound to receive God's Deputies as God's Angel, but as God himself. For it is the power of God in the hand of a man, and he that resists, resists God's ordinance. And I pray remember

that there is not only no power greater then God's, but there is no other; for all Power is his. The consequent of this is plain enough; I need say no more of it: It is all one to us who commands, God, or God's Vicegerent. This was the first thing to be observed.

Secondly, there can be but two things in the world requir'd to make Obedience neces∣sary, the greatness of the Authority, and the worthiness of the Thing. In the first you see the case can have no difference, because the thing it self is but one. There is but one Au∣thority in the world, and that is God's: as there is but one Sun whose light is diffused into all Kingdomes. But is there not great difference in the Thing commanded? Yes certainly, there is some; but nothing to war∣rant disbobedience: for whatever the thing be, it may be commanded by man, if it be not countermanded by God. For

1. It is not required that every thing commanded should of it self be necessary; for God himself oftentimes commands things which have in them no other excellency then that of Obedi∣ence. What made Abraham the friend of God? and what made his offer to kill his Son to be

so pleasing to God? It had been naturally no very great good to cut the throat of a little child; but only that it was Obedience. What excellency was there in the journeys of the Patriarchs from Mesopotamia to Syria, from the land of Canaan into Egypt? and what thanks could the sons of Israel deserve that they sate still upon the seventh day of the week? and how can a man be dearer unto God by keeping of a Feast, or building of a Booth, or going to Jerusalem, or cutting off the foreskin of a boy, or washing their hands and garments in fair water? There was nothing in these things but the Obedience. And when our blessed Lord himself came to his Servant to take of him the Baptisme of Repentance, alas, he could take nothing but the water and the ceremony: for, as Tertullian observes, he was nullius poeni∣tentiae debitor, he was indeed a just person and needed no repentance; but even so it became him to fulfil all righteousness: but yet even then it was that the Holy Spirit did descend upon his holy head, and crown'd that Obedience, though it were but to a ceremony. Obedience, you see, may be necessary when the law is not so. For in these cases, God's Son and God's Servants did obey

in things which were made good only by the commandement: and if we doe so in the In∣stances of humane Laws, there is nothing to be said against it, but that what was not of it self necessary, is made so by the authority of the Commander and the force of the Comman∣dement. But there is more in it then so. For,

2^ly, We pretend to be willing to obey even in things naturally not necessary, if a divine com∣mand does interpose; but if it be only a com∣mandement of man, and the thing be not ne∣cessary of it self, then we desire to be excus'd. But will we doe nothing else? We our selves will doe many things that God hath not com∣manded, and may not our Superiors com∣mand us in many cases to doe what we may lawfully doe without a commandement? Can we become a law unto our selves, and cannot the word and power of our Superiors also be∣come a law unto us? hath God given more to a private then to a publick hand? But consider the ill consequents of this fond opinion. Are all the practices of Geneva or Scotland recorded in the Word of God? are the trifling Cere∣monies of their publick Penance recorded in the four Gospels? are all the rules of decency,

and all things that are of good report, and all the measures of prudence, and the laws of peace and war, and the customes of the Churches of God, and the lines of publick honesty, are all these described to us by the laws of God? If they be, let us see and read them, that we may have an end to all questions and minute cases of Conscience: but if they be not, and yet by the Word of God these are bound upon us in the general, and no otherwise; then it follows that the particulars of all these, which may be infinite, and are innumerable, yet may be the matter of humane Laws; and then are bound upon us by the power of God put into the hands of man. The consequent is this, that whatsoever is commanded by our Superior according to the will of God, or whatsoever is not against it, is of necessity to be obey'd.

3^ly, But what if our Princes or our Prelates command things against the Word of God? what then? Why nothing then, but that we must obey God and not man; there's no dis∣pute of that. But what then again? Why therefore saies the Papist I will not obey the Protestant Kings, because against the Word of God they command me to come to Church

where Heresy is preached; and I will not ac∣knowledge the Bishops, saith the Presbyte∣rian, because they are against the discipline and scepter of Jesus Christ; and the Indepen∣dent hates Parochial meetings, and is wholly for a gathered Church, and supposes this to be the practice Apostolical; and I will not bring my Child to Baptisme, (saith the Ana∣baptist) because God calls none but believers to that Sacrament; and I will acknowledge no Clergy, no Lord, no Master, saith the Quaker, because Christ commands us to call no man master on the earth, and be not called of men Rabbi. And if you call upon these men to obey the Authority God hath set over them, they tell you with one voice, with all their hearts, as far as the Word of God will give them leave; but God is to be obey'd, and not man: and therefore if you put the Laws in execution against them, they will obey you passively, because you are stronger, and so long as they know it they will not stir against you; but they in the mean time are little less then Martyrs, and you no better then Perse∣cutors.

What shall we doe now? for here is evidently a great heap or disorder: they all confess that authority must be obey'd; but when you come to the trial, none of them all will doe it, and they think they are not bound: but because their Opinions being contrary cannot all be right, and it may be none of them are, it is certain that all this while Authority is infinitely wronged and prejudiced amongst them, when all fan∣tastick Opinions shall be accounted a suffi∣cient reason to despise it. I hope the Pres∣byterian will joyn with the Protestant, and say that the Papist, and the Socinian, and the Independent, and the Anabaptist, and the Quaker are guilty of Rebellion and Diso∣bedience for all their pretence of the Word of God to be on their side: and I am more sure that all these will joyn with the Prote∣stant, and say that the Presbyterian hath no reason to disobey Authority upon pre∣tence of their new Government concern∣ing which they do but dream dreams, when they think they see visions. Certain it is that the biggest part of dissenters in the whole world are criminally disobedient; and it is a

thousand to one but that Authority is in the right against them, and ought to be obey'd. It remains now in the next place, that we in∣quire what Authority is to doe in this case, and what these Sectaries and Recusants are to doe; for these are two things worth inquiry,

1. Concerning Authority. All disagreeing persons, to cover their foul shame of Rebel∣lion or Disobedience, pretend Conscience for their Judge, and the Scripture for their Law. Now if these men think that by this means they proceed safely, upon the same ground the Superior may doe what he thinks to be his duty, and be at least as safe as they. If the Rebellious Subject can think that by God's Law he ought not to obey; the Prince may at the same time think that by God's Law he ought to punish him: and it is as cer∣tain that he is justly punished, as he thinks it certain he reasonably disobeys. Or is the Conscience of the Superior bound to relaxe his lawes, if the inferior tells him so? Can the Prince give Laws to the peoples will; and can the people give measures to the Princes under∣standing? If any one of the people can pre∣scribe or make it necessary to change the Law,

then every one can; and by this time every new Opinion will introduce a new Law, and that Law shall be obey'd by him only that hath a mind to it, and that will be a strange Law that binds a man only to doe his own pleasure. But because the King's Conscience is to him as sure a Rule as the Conscience of any disobedient Subject can be to himself, the Prince is as much bound to doe his duty in Government, as the other can be to follow his Conscience in disagreeing; and the conse∣quent will be, that whether the Subject be right or wrong in the disputation, it is certain he hath the just reward of Disobedience in the conclusion. If one mans Conscience can be the measure of another mans action, why shall not the Princes Conscience be the Subject's measure? but if it cannot, then the Prince is not to depart: from his own Conscience, but proceed according to the Laws which he judges just and reasonable.

2. The Superior is tied by the laws of Christian Charity so far to bend in the mini∣stration of his Laws, as to pity the invincible Ignorance and Weakness of his abused people, qui devoratur à malis Pastoribus (as S. Hierom's

expression is) that are devour'd by their evill Shepheards: but this is to last no longer then till the Ignorance can be cured, and the man be taught his duty; for whatsoever comes after this looks so like Obstinacy, that no Laws in the world judge it to be any thing else. And then secondly, this also is to be understood to be the duty of Superiors only in matters of mere Opinion, not relating to Practice. For no mans Opinion must be suf∣fer'd to doe mischief, to disturb the Peace, to dishonour the Government: not only be∣cause every disagreeing person can to serve his end pretend his Conscience, and so claim im∣punity for his Villany; but also because those things which concern the good of mankind and the Peace of Kingdomes are so plainly taught, that no man who thinks himself so wise as to be fit to oppose Authority, can be so foolish as in these things not to know his Duty. In other things, if the Opinion does neither bite nor scratch, if it dwells at home in the house of understanding, and wanders not into the out-houses of Passion and popu∣lar orations, the Superior imposes no laws, and exacts no obedience, and destroies no

liberty, and gives no restraint. This is the part of Authority.

2. The next enquiry is, What must the dis∣agreeing Subject doe when he supposes the Superiors command is against the Law of God? I answer that if he thinks so, and thinks true, he must not obey his Superior in that: but because most men that think so think amiss, there are many particulars fit by such persons to be consider'd.

1. Let such men think charitably of others, and that all are not fools or mad-men who are not of the same Opinion with themselves or their own little party. 2. Let him think him∣self as fallible and subject to mistake as other men are. 3. But let him by no means think that every Opinion of his is an Inspiration from God; for that is the pride and madness of a pretended Religion: such a man is to be cured by Physick; for he could not enter into that perswasion by Reason or Experience, and therefore it must enter into him by folly or the anger of God. 4. From hence it will natu∣rally follow, that he ought to think his Opinion to be uncertain, and that he ought not to be∣have himself like the man that is too confident;

but because his Obedience is Duty, and his Duty certain, he will find it more wise and safe and holy to leave that which is disputable, and pursue that which is demonstrable; to change his uncertain Opinion for his certain Duty. For it is twenty to one but he is de∣ceived in his Opinion; but if he be, it is cer∣tain that whatsoever his Conscience be, yet in his separation from Authority he is a sinner.

2. Every man who by his Opinion is in∣gaged against Authority, should doe well to study his doubtful Opinion less, and Humi∣lity and Obedience more. But you say, that this concerns not me, for my disagreeing is not in a doubtful matter, but I am sure I am in the right; there is no ifs and ands in my case. Well, it may be so: but were it not better that you did doubt? A wise man feareth (saith Solomon) and departeth from evil; but a fool rageth and is confident: and the difference between a Learned man and a Novice is this, that the yong fellow crieth out, I am sure it is so; the better learned answers, 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, possibly it may, and peradventure it is so, but I pray enquire: and he is the best Diviner, 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, he is the best

Judge that conjectures best, not he that is most confident; for, as Xenophanes said wisely, Man does but conjecture, but God only knows; and it is no disparagement to a wise man to learn, and by suspecting the fallibility of things and his own aptness to mistake, to walk pru∣dently and safely, with an eye to God, and an eare open to his Superior. Some men are drunk with fancy, and mad with Opinion. Who believe more strongly then boyes and women? who are so hard to be perswaded as fools? and who so readily suspect their teachers as they who are govern'd by chance, and know not the intrinsick measures of good and evil? Qui pauca considerat de facili pronunciat; it is a little learning and not enough that makes men con∣clude hastily, and clap fast hold on the Con∣clusion before they have well weighed the Pre∣misses: but Experience and Humility would teach us Modesty and Fear.

3. In all disputes he that obeys his Superior can never be a Heretick in the estimate of Law, and he can never be a Schismatick in the point of Conscience; so that he certainly avoids one great death, and very probably the other. Res judi∣cata pro veritate accipitur, saith the Law; If the

Judge have given sentence, that sentence is suppos'd a truth: and Cassiodor said according to the sentence of the Law, Nimis iniquum est ut ille patiatur dispendium, qui imperium fecit alie∣num. Our Obedience secures us from the im∣putation of evil, and Error does but seldome goe in company with Obedience. But how∣ever there is this advantage to be gotten by Obedience; that he who prefers the sentence of the Law before his own Opinion does doe an act of great Humility, and exercises the grace of Modesty, and takes the best way to secure his Conscience and the publick Peace, and pleases the Government which he is bound to please, and pursues the excellencies of Unity, and promotes Charity and Godly Love: whereas on the other side, he that goes by himself apart from his Superior is alwaies materially a Schismatick, and is more likely to be deceiv'd by his own Singularity and Prejudice and Weakness, then by following the guides God hath set over him. And if he loses Truth, certainly he will get nothing else: for by so doing we lose our Peace too, and give publick offence, and arme Authority against us, and are scandalous in Law, and

pull evil upon our heads; and all this for a proud Singularity, or a trifling Opinion, in which we are not so likely to be deceived, if we trust our selves less, and the publick more. In omnibus falli possum, in obedientia non possum, said S. Teresa, I can in every thing else, but in Obedience I can never be deceived. And it is very remarkable in my Text, that Rebellion or Disobedience is compared to the sin of witch∣craft. Indeed it seems strange, for the mean∣ing of it is not only that a Rebel is as much hated by God as a Witch, but it means that the sinnes are alike in their very natures: quasi peccatum divinationis (saith the Vulgar Latine) they that disobey Authority, trusting in their own opinions, are but like Witches or Divi∣ners; that is, they are led by an evil spirit; pride and a lying and deceiving spirit is their teacher, and their answers are seldome true; for though they pretend the Truth of God for their Disobedience, yet they fall into the decep∣tion of the devil, and that's the end of their soothsaying. And let me adde this, that when a man distrusts his Superior and trusts him∣self, if he misses Truth, it will be greatly im∣puted to him; he shall feel the evil of his error

and the shame of his pride, the reproach of his folly and the punishment of his disobedi∣ence, the dishonour of singularity, and the restlesness of Schisme, and the scorn of the multitude: but on the other side, if he obey Authority, and yet be deceived, he is greatly excused, he erred on the safer side, he is de∣fended by the hands of many vertues, and gets peace and love of the Congregation.

You see the Blessings of Obedience, even in the questions and matters of Religion: but I have something more to say, and it is not only of great use to appease the tumultuary disputations and arguings of Religion which have lately disturbed these Nations, but is proper to be spoken to, and to be reduced to practice by this Honourable and High Court of Parliament.

That which I am to say is this; You have no other way of Peace, no better way to ap∣pease and quiet the Quarrels in Religion which have been too long among us, but by reducing all men to Obedience, and all que∣stions to the measures of the Laws. For they on both sides pretend Scripture, but one side onely can pretend to the Laws: and they that

do admit no authority above their own to expound Scripture, cannot deny but Kings and Parliaments are the makers and proper expounders of our Laws; and if ever you mean to have Truth and Peace kiss each other, let no man dispute against your Laws. For did not our Blessed Saviour say, that an Oath is the end of all questions, and after depositions are taken, all Judges goe to sentence? What Oaths are to private questions, that Laws are to publick. And if it be said that Laws may be mistaken; it is true, but may not an Oath also be a Perjury? and yet because in humane affairs we have no greater certainty, and greater then God gives we may not look for, let the Laws be the last determination; and in wise and religious Governments no disputation is to goe beyond them.

2. But this is not onely true in religious prudence and plain necessity, but this is the way that God hath appointed, and that he hath blessed, and that he hath intended to be the means of ending all questions. This we learn from S. Paul, I exhort that first of all prayers, and supplications, and intercessions, and giving of thanks be made for all men: for Kings and for all

that are in Authority. For all; for Parliaments and for Councils, for Bishops and for Magi∣strates: it is for all, and for Kings above all. Well, to what purpose is all this? that we may lead a quiet and a peaceable life in all godliness and honesty. Mark that: Kings and all that are in Authority are by God appointed to be the means of obtaining unity and peace in Godli∣ness, 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, in all the true and Godly worshippings of God; no Unity in Religion without Kings and Bishops and those that are in Authority.

3. And indeed because this is God's way of ending our Controversies, the matter of Authority is highly to be regarded. If you suffer the Authority of the King to be lessened, to be scrupled, to be denied in Ecclesiastical affairs, you have no way left to silence the tongues and hands of gainsaying people. But so it is, the Kings Authority is appointed and enabled by God to end our questions of Reli∣gion: Divinatio in labiis Regis (saith Solomon) in judicio non errabit os ejus, Divination and a wise sentence is in the lips of the King, and his mouth shall not erre in judgement. In all Scripture there is not so much for the Popes

infallibility, but by this it appears there is divinity in the Kings sentence: for God gives to Kings, who are his Vicegerents, a peculiar spirit. And when Justinian had out of the sense of Julian the Lawyer observed that there were many cases for which Law made no provi∣sion, he addes, If any such shall happen, Augustum imploretur remedium, run to the King for remedy; for therefore God hath set the Imperial fortune over humane affairs, ut possit omnia quae noviter contin∣gunt & emendare & componere, & modis ac regu∣lis competentibus tradere, that the King may amend and rule and compose every new-ari∣sing question. And it is not to be despised, but is a great indication of this Truth, that the Answers of the Roman Princes and Judges recorded in the Civil Law are such that all Nations of the world do approve them, and are a great testimony how the sentences of Kings ought to be valued, even in matters of Religion, and questions of greatest doubt. Bona conscientia Scyphus est Josephi, said the old Abbot of Kells; a good Conscience is like Jo∣seph's Cup, in which our Lord the King di∣vines. And since God hath blessed us with so good, so just, so religious and so wise a Prince,

let the sentence of his Laws be our last resort, and no questions be permitted after his judg∣ment and legal determination. For Wisedome saith, By me Princes rule, by me they decree justice: and therefore the spirit of the King is a divine eminency, and is as the spirit of the most High God.

4. Let no man be too busy in disputing the laws of his Superiors, for a man by that seldome gets good to himself, but seldome misses to doe mischief unto others. 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, said one in Laertius. Will a son contend with his father? that's not decent, though the son speak that which is right: he may possibly say well enough, but he does doe very ill; not only because he does not pay his duty and reverential fear, but because it is in it self very often unreasonable to dispute concerning the command of our Superior, whether it be good or no; for the very commandement can make it not only good, but a necessary good. It seemed good to the Holy Ghost and to us to lay on you no greater burden then these necessary things, said the Council of Jeru∣salem: and yet these things were not necessary, but as they were commanded: to abstain

from a strangled hen or a bloody pudding could not of themselves be necessary; but the commandement came, authority did inter∣pose, and then they were made so.

5. But then besides the advantages both of the spirit, and the authority of Kings in matters of question, the laws and decrees of a National Church ought upon the account of their own advantages be esteem'd as a final sentence in all things disputed. The thing is a plain command Hebrews 13.7. Remember them which have the rule over you, who have spoken unto you the word of God: this tels what Rulers he means; Rulers Ecclesiastical: and what of them? whose faith follow; they must praeire in articulis; they are not masters of your faith, but guides of it: and they that sit in Moses chair must be heard and obey'd, said our blessed Saviour. These words were not said for no∣thing; and they were nothing if their autho∣rity were nothing.

For between the laws of a Church and the opinion of a Subject the comparison is the same as between a publick spirit and a pri∣vate. The publick is far the better, the daughter of God, and the mother of a blessing,

and alwaies dwels in light. The publick spi∣rit hath already passed the trial, it hath been subjected to the Prophets, tried and searched and approved; the private is yet to be examined. The publick spirit is uniform and apt to be followed; the private is various and multi∣form as chance, and no man can follow him that hath it. For if he follows one, he is re∣proved by a thousand; and if he changes, he may get a shame, but no truth: and he can never rest but in the arms and conduct of his Superior. When Aaron and Miriam murmured against Moses, God told them that they were Prophets of an inferior rank then Moses was. God communicated himself to them in dreams and visions; but the Ruach hakkodesh, the publick spirit of Moses their Prince, that was higher: and what then? wherefore then (God said) were ye not afraid to speak against my servant Moses? plainly teaching us, that where there is a more excellent spirit, they that have a spirit less excellent ought to be afraid to speak against it. And this is the full case of the private and publick spirit; that is, of a Subject speaking against the spirit and the laws of the Church. In heaven, and in the air,

and in all the regions of spirits, the spirit of a lower order dares not speak against the spirit of an higher; and therefore for a private spirit to oppose the publick, is a disorder greater then is in hell it self.

To conclude this point; Let us consider whether it were not an intolerable mischief if the Judges should give sentence in causes of instance by the measures of their own fancy, and not by the Laws; who would endure them? and yet why may they not doe that as well as any Ecclesiastic person preach Reli∣gion, not which the Laws allow, but what is taught him by his own private Opinion? but he that hath the Laws on his side, hath ever something of true Religion to warrant him, and can never want a great measure of justifi∣cation. 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, the Laws and the customes of the country are the results of wise counsels or long experience; they ever com∣ply with Peace and publick benefit: and no∣thing of this can be said of private Religi∣ons; for they break the Peace, and trouble the Conscience, and undo Government, and despise the Laws, and offend Princes, and dishonour the wisdome of Parliaments, and destroy Obedience.

Well, but in the last place, if we cannot doe what the Laws command, we will suffer what they impose; and then all is well again. But first, who ever did so that could help it? And secondly, this talking of passive Obedi∣ence is but a mockery; for what man did ever say the Laws were not good, but he also said the Punishment was unjust? And thirdly, which of all the Recusants did not endeavour to get ground upon the Laws, and secretly or openly asperse the Authority that put him to pain for doing that which he calls his duty? and can any man boast of his passive Obedi∣ence that calls it Persecution? he may think to please himself, but he neither does or saies any thing that is for the reputation of the Laws. Such men are like them that sail in a storm; they may possibly be thrown into a har∣bour, but they are very sick all the way.

But after all this I have one thing to ob∣serve to such persons, That such a passive Obedience as this does not acquit a man be∣fore God; and he that suffers what the Law inflicts is not discharg'd in the Court of Con∣science, but there he is still a sinner and a deb∣ter. For the law is not made for the righteous, but

for sinners; that is, the punishment appointed by the Law falls on him only that hath sinned: but an offending subject cannot with the fruit of his body pay for the sin of his Soul: when he does evil he must suffer evil; but if he does not repent besides, a worse thing will happen to him; for we are not tied to obey only for wrath, but also for Conscience. Passive obedi∣ence is only the correspondent of wrath, but it is the active obedience that is required by Con∣science; and whatever the Subject suffers for his own fault, it matters nothing as to his Duty, but this also God will exact at the hands of every man that is placed under Authority.

I have now told you the summe of what I had to say concerning Obedience to Laws and to your own Government, and it will be to little purpose to make laws in matter of Re∣ligion, or in any thing else, if the end of it be, that every man shall chuse whether he will obey or no: and if it be questioned whether you be deceiv'd or no, though the suffering such a question is a great diminution to your authority, yet it is infinitely more probable that you are in the right then that the disobe∣dient

Subject is; because you are conducted with a publick spirit, you have a special title and peculiar portions of the promise of God's assistance, you have all the helps of Counsel and the advantages of deliberation, you have the Scriptures and the Laws, you are as much concerned to judge according to truth as any man, you have the principal of all capacities and states of men to assist your con∣sultations, you are the most concern'd for Peace, and to please God also is your biggest interest: and therefore it cannot be denied to be the most reasonable thing in the world which is set down in the Law: Praesumptio est pro authoritate imponentis, the presumption of truth ought to be on your side; and since this is the most likely way for Truth, and the most certain way for Peace, you are to insist in this, and it is not possible to find a better.

I have another part or sense of my Text yet to handle; but because I have no more time of mine own, and I will not take any of yours, I shall only doe it in a short Exhortation to this most Honourable Auditory, and so con∣clude.

God hath put a Royal Mantle, and fastned it with a Golden Clasp, upon the shoulder of the KING, and he hath given you the Judges Robe; the King holds the Scepter, and he hath now permitted you to touch the golden Ball, and to take it a while into your handling and made obedience to your Laws to be Duty and Religion: but then remember that the first in every kind is to be the measure of the Subjects should obey you, unless you obey God. I do not speak this only in relation to your personal duty; though in that also it would be consider'd, that all the Bishops and Ministers of Religion are bound to teach the same Doctrines by their Lives as they do by their Sermons; and what we are to doe in the matters of Doctrine, you are also to doe in mat∣ter of Laws; what is reasonable for the advan∣tages of Religion, is also the best Method for the advantages of Government; we must preach by our good Example, and you must govern by it; and your good example in observing the laws of Religion will strangely endear them to the affections of the people. But I shall rather speak to you as you are in a capacity of

union and of Government; for as now you have a new Power, so there is incumbent upon you a special Duty.

1. Take care that all your power and your counsels be imploy'd in doing honour and advantages to Piety and Holiness. Then you obey God in your publick capacity, when by holy Laws and wise administrations you take care that all the Land be an obedient and a religious People. For then you are princely Rulers indeed when you take care of the Sal∣vation of a whole Nation. Nihil aliud est im∣perium nisi cura salutis alinae, said Ammianus; Government is nothing but a care that all men be saved. And therefore take care that men do not destroy their Souls by the abominations of an evil life: see that God be obey'd, take care that the breach of the laws of God may not be unpunished. The best way to make men to be good Subjects to the King is to make them good servants of God. Suffer not Drunkenness to pass with impunity, let Lust find a publick shame. Let the sonnes of the Nobility and Gentry no more dare to dishonour God then the meanest of the people shall: let baseness be basely esteem∣ed;

that is, put such characters of Shame upon dishonourable Crimes, that it be esteem'd more against the honour of a Gentleman to be drunk then to be kicked, more shame to for∣nicate then to be can'd: and for honours sake and the reputation of Christianity, take some course that the most unworthy sins of the world have not reputation added to them by being the practice of Gentlemen and persons of good birth and fortunes. Let not them who should be examples of Holiness have an im∣punity and a licence to provoke God to anger; lest it be said that in Ireland it is not lawful for any man to sin, unless he be a person of qua∣lity. Optimus est reipublicae status, ubi nihil deest nisilicentia pereundi; In a common-wealth that's the best state of things, where every thing can be had but a leave to sin, a licence to be undone.

2. As God is thus to be obey'd, and you are to take care that he be, so God also must be honnourd, by paying that reverence and religious obedience which is due to those persons whom he hath been pleased to honour by admitting them to the dispensation of his blessings, and the ministeries of your Religion.

For certain it is, this is a right way of giving honour and obedience to God. The Church is in some very peculiar manner the portion and the called and the care of God; and it will con∣cern you in pursuance of your obedience to God, to take care that they in whose hands Religion is to be ministred and conducted, be not discouraged. For what your Judges are to the ministry of Laws, that your Bishops are in the ministeries of Religion; and it concerns you that the hands of neither of them be made weak: and so long as you make Religion your care, and Holiness your mea∣sure, you will not think that Authority is the more to be despised because it is in the hands of the Church, or that it is a sin to speak evil of dignities, unless they be Ecclesiastical; but that they may be reviled, and that though nothing is baser then for a man to be a Thief, yet Sa∣crilege is no dishonour; and indeed to be an Oppressor is a great and crying sin, yet to oppress the Church, to diminish her rents, to make her beggerly and contemptible, that's no offence; and that though it is not lawful to despise Government, yet if it be Church-govern∣ment, that then the case is altered. Take heed

of that, for then God is dishonoured, when any thing is the more despised by how much it relates nearer unto God. No Religion ever did despise their chiefest Ministers: and the Christian Religion gives them the greatest honour. For honourable Priesthood is like a shower from heaven, it causes blessings every where: but a pitiful, a disheartned, a discouraged Clergy, waters the ground with a water-pot, here and there a little good, and for a little while; but every evil man can destroy all that work whenever he pleases. Take heed; in the world there is not a greater misery can happen to any man, then to be an enemy to God's Church. All Histories of Christendome and the whole Book of God have sad records, and sad threatnings, and sad stories of Corah, and Doeg, and Balaam, and Jeroboam, and Uzzah, and Ananias, and Sapphira, and Julian, and of Hereticks and Schi∣smaticks, and sacrilegious; and after all, these men could not prevail finally, but pai'd for the mischief they did, and ended their daies in dishonour, and left nothing behind them but the memory of their sin, and the record of their curse.

3. In the same proportion you are to take care of all inferiour Relatives of God and of Religion. Find out methods to relieve the Poor, to accommodate and well dispose of the cures of Souls; let not the Churches lye wast and in ruinous heaps, to the diminution of Religion, and the reproach of the Nation, lest the nations abroad say, that the Britans are a kind of Christians that have no Chur∣ches: for Churches, and Courts of Judica∣ture, and the publick defences of an Imperial City, are res sacrae; they are venerable in Law, and honourable in Religion.

But that which concerns us most is, that we all keep close to our Religion. Ad magnas rei∣publicae utilitates retinetur Religio in civitatibus, said Cicero; by Religion and the strict pre∣serving of it, ye shall best preserve the Inte∣rests of the Nation: and according to the pre∣cept of the Apostle, Mark them which cause divisions amongst us, contrary to the doctrine that ye have receiv'd, and avoid them. For I beseech you to consider, all you that are true Pro∣testants; do you not think that your Reli∣gion is holy, and Apostolical, and taught by Christ, and pleasing unto God? If you do not

think so, why do you not leave it? but if you do think so, why are ye not zealous for it? Is not the Government a part of? it is that which immures, and adorns, and conducts all the rest, and is establisht in the 36. Article of the Church, in the publick Service-book, and in the book of consecration: it is therefore a part of our Religion, and is not all of it worth preserving? If it be, then they which make Schisms against this Doctrine, by the rule of the Apostle are to be avoided. Beatus qui praedicat verbum inauditum, Blessed is he that preaches a word that was never heard be∣fore, so said the Spanish Jesuite: but Christ said otherwise, No man having drunk old wine straight desires new, for he saith the old is better. And so it is in Religion, Quod primum verum, Truth is alwaies first: and since Episcopacy hath been of so lasting an abode, of so long a blessing, since it hath ever combin'd with Government, and hath been taught by that spirit that hath so long dwelt in God's Church, and hath now according to the promise of Jesus, that saies the gates of hell shall not prevail against the Church, been restored amongst us by a heap of miracles, and as it went away, so it

return'd again in the hand of Monarchy, and in the bosome of our Fundamental Laws; suffer no evil tongue to speak against this Truth, which hath had so long a testimony from God, and from Experience, and from the wisdome of so many Ages, of all your An∣cestours and all your Laws, lest ye be found to speak against God, and neglect the things that belong unto your Peace, and get nothing by it but news and danger, and what other effects ye know not. But Leontimus Bishop of Antioch stroak'd his old white beard and said, When this snow is dissolved, a great deal of dirty weather will follow; meaning, that when the old Religion should be questioned and dis∣countenanced, the new Religion would bring nothing but trouble and unquietness: and we have found it so by a sad-experience.

4. Ye cannot obey God unless ye doe Ju∣stice: for this also is better then sacrifice, said Solomon, Prov. 21.3. For Christ, who is the Sun of righteousness, is a Sun and a Shield to them that doe righteously. The Indian was not im∣mured sufficiently by the Atlantick sea, nor the Bosphoran by the walls of Ice, nor the Arabian by his meridian Sun; the Christian Justice of

the Romane Princes brake through all inclo∣sures, and by Justice set up Christs standard, and gave to all the world a testimony how much could be done by Prudence and Va∣lour, when they were conducted by the hands of Justice. And now you will have a great trial of this part of your Obedience to God.

For you are to give sentence in the causes of half a Nation: and he had need be a wise and a good man that divides the inheritance amongst Brethren; that he may not be abused by contrary pretences, nor biassed by the In∣terest of friends, nor transported with the un∣just thoughts even of a just Revenge, nor al∣lured by the opportunities of Spoile, nor turn'd aside by Partiality in his own con∣cerns, nor blinded by Gold, which puts out the eyes of wise men, nor couzened by pre∣tended Zeal, nor wearied with the difficulty of questions, nor directed by a general measure in cases not measurable by it, nor born down by Prejudice, nor abused by resolutions taken before the cause be heard, nor over-ruled by National Interests. For Justice ought to be the simplest thing in the world, and is to be measured by nothing but by Truth and by

Laws and by the decrees of Princes. But whatever you doe, let not the pretence of a different Religion make you think it lawful to oppress any man in his just rights. For Opinions are not, but Laws only, and doing as we would be done to, are the measures of Justice: and though Justice does alike to all men, Jew and Christian, Lutheran and Calvinist; yet to doe right to them that are of another Opi∣nion is the way to win them; but if you for Conscience sake doe them wrong, they will hate you and your Religion.

Lastly, as obedience is better then sacrifice, so God also said, I will have mercy and not sacrifice; meaning that Mercy is the best Obedience. Perierat totum quod Deus fecerat, nisi misericordia subvenisset, said Chrysologus; all the creatures both of heaven and earth would perish, if Mercy did not relieve us all. Other good things, more or less, every man expects ac∣cording to the portion of his fortune: Ex cle∣mentia omnes idem sperant, but from Mercy and Clemency all the world alike do expect advantages. And which of us all stands here this day, that does not need God's pardon and the King's? Surely no man is so much pleased

with his own innocence, as that he will be willing to quit his claim to Mercy: and if we all need it, let us all shew it.

Naturae imperio gemimus, cum funus adultae Virginis occurrit, vel terrâ clauditur infans, Et minor igne rogi—

If you do but see a Maiden carried to her grave a little before her intended marriage, or an Infant dye before the birth of Reason, Na∣ture hath taught us to pay a tributary tear: Alas! your eyes will behold the ruine of many Families, wnich though they sadly have de∣served, yet Mercy is not delighted with the spectacle; and therefore God places a watry cloud in the eye, that when the light of hea∣ven shines upon it, it may produce a rain-bow to be a Sacrament and a memorial that God and the sons of God do not love to see a man perish. God never rejoyces in the death of him that dies; and we also esteem it undecent to have Musick at a Funeral. And as Religion teaches us to pity a condemned Criminal, so Mercy intercedes for the most benign inter∣pretation of the Laws. You must indeed be as just as the Laws, and you must be as merciful as your

Religion: and you have no way to tye these together, but to follow the pattern in the Mount; doe as God does, who in judgement remembers mercy.

To conclude; If every one in this Honou∣rable Assembly would joyn together to pro∣mote Christian Religion in it's true notion, that is, Peace and Holiness, the Love of God and the Love of our Brother, Christianity in all its proper usefulness, and would not indure in the Nation any thing against the laws of the Holy Jesus; if they were all zealous for the doctrines of Righteousness, and impatient of Sin in your selves and in the people, it is not to be imagined what a happy Nation we should be. But if ye divide into parties, and keep up useless differences of names or inte∣rests; if ye do not joyn in the bands of Peace, that is, the King, and the Church, Religion, and the good of the Nation, you can never hope to see a blessing to be the end of your labours. Remember the words of Solomon, Righteousness exalteth a Nation, but sin is a re∣proach to any people: but when Righteousness is advanced in the hearts and lives of the Nation, who shall dare to reprove your

Faith? who can find fault with your Reli∣gion?

God of his mercy grant that in all your Consultations the Word of God may be your measure, the Spirit of God may be your guide, and the glory of God may be your end: He of his mercy grant that Moderation may be your limit, and Peace may be within your walls as long as you are there, and in all the Land for ever after. But remember, that since the honour and service of his Majesty, and the peace and prosperity of the Church, the perpetuity of our fundamental Laws, publick Justice, and the honour of all legal Autho∣rity, the advancement of Trade and the wealth of the Nation is your design, remember, I pray, what warranty you have to expect all this; no less then the words of our Blessed Saviour, but it is upon these terms, Seek ye first the Kingdome of God, and the righteousness thereof, and all these things shall be added to you. Amen.

FINIS.

Notes

• Nullum malum ma∣jus aut in∣feliciter feracius quam ino∣bedientia. Seneca.
• 1 Tim. 2.1••.
• Prov. 16.10.
• L. 8. cod. de veteri jure enu∣cleando.
• Petrus Cel∣lensis lib. de Consci∣entia.
• 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉
• Num. 12. ••, 7, 8.
• Seneca.
• Rom. 16.17.
• Seneca.
• Prov. 24.34.