Anglorum speculum, or, The worthies of England in church and state alphabetically digested into the several shires and counties therein contained : wherein are illustrated the lives and characters of the most eminent persons since the conquest to this present age : also an account of the commodities and trade of each respective county and the most flourishing cities and towns therein.

YORK.

YORK is an ancient City, built on both sides of the River Ouse, joyned with a Bridge of one Arch the largest in England. Here the Roman Emperours had their Residence, Severus, and Valer. Constantius their death. What it sacketh of London in bigness and beauty of Buildings, it hath in cheapness and plenty of Provisions. Of Manufactures, it challengeth none peculiar to it self. They send course Cloath to Ham∣borough, and have Iron, Flax, &c. in return. But the Trade which is indeed but driven at York, runneth of it self at Hull, which of a Fishers Town is become a City's Fellow, within 300 years, being the Key of the North. As for the Buildings of York, the Cathe∣dral was built by Jo. Romaine, William Melton, and Jo. Thoresbury, successive Arch-Bishops thereof, the Family of the Piercy's contributing Timber, of the Va∣vasors, Stone thereunto. It is famous all the World over for the largeness and workmanship thereof. Ap∣pending to it, is the Chapter-house, such a Master-piece of Art, that this Golden Verse is Engraved thereon,

Ut Rosa Flos Florum, sic est Domus ista Domorum.

Proverbs.

I. Lincoln was, London is, and York shall be. True it is, that Lincoln is the greatest City in the Kingdom of Mercia, that London is, we know, and if York shall be, God knows. It was indeed in a fair way of

preserment, when England and Scotland were first United into Great Britain; But as for those who hope it shall be the English Metropolis, they must wait, until the River of Thames run under the great Arch of Ouse-Bridge. However, York shall be, that is, shall be York still, as it was before.

Saints.

Flaccus Albinus, (alias Alcuinus) born (probably) in York, (where he was advanced) was bred under Ven. Bede, and became a man of prodigious Learn∣ing. He was Master to Charles I. Emperour, who owed unto him the best part of his Title, the Great, being made Great in Arts and Learning by his Instru∣ctions. He founded the University in Paris, so that the Learning of the French was a Taper lighted at Our Torch. His Name puts me in mind of their malitious and silly Anagram upon Calvin, viz. Calvinus Lucia∣nus, who was an Atheist, though there were many wor∣thy persons of the same Name. The same Anagram is found in Alcuinus. He was first made Abbot of St. Augustines in Canterbury, and afterwards of St. Martins in the City of Tours in France, and dying 780 he was buried in a Convent appendant to his Monaste∣ry. Many of the Modern Saints in the Church of Rome, must modestly confess, that on a due and true estimate, Our Alcuinus was worth many scores of them, so great his Learning, and Holy his Conversation.

Sewal, bred in Oxford, was Scholar to St. Edmund, who was wont to say to him, Sewald, Sewald, thou wilt have many Afflictions, and dye a Martyr. Nor did he miss much of his Mark therein, though he met with Peace and Plenty at first, when Arch-Bishop of York; But afterwards opposing the Pope, who intruded one Jordan an Italian to be Dean of York, he was for his

contempt, Excommunicated. Note, that at the same time, there were 300 Benefices possessed by Italians, who did not only teach in the Church, but mis-teach by their lascivious and debauched Conversations. Let us now return to Sewald, who never returned in the Popes favour, but dyed of grief, in the state of Excommuni∣cation, 1258. Yet was he reputed a Saint in Vulgar Estimation.

Martyrs.

Valentine Freese, and his Wife, both born in this City, gave their Lives therein, at one Stake, for the Testimony of Jesus Christ, an. 1531. probably by or∣der from Edward Lee, the cruel Arch-Bishop.

Confessors.

Edward Freese, Brother to Valentine aforesaid, was Apprentice to a Painter, afterwards a Novice-Monk; and leaving his Convent, came to Colchester in Essex; where discovering his Heretical Inclinations, by Paint∣ing Sentences of Scriptures in the Borders of Cloaths, he was called to an account by Jo. Stoaksley Bishop of London. Mr. Fox saith, he was fed with Manchet, made of saw-dust, and kept so long in Prison, mani∣•…•…led, till the Flesh had overgrown his Irons, and he not able to Kemb his own head, became so distracted, that being brought before the Bishop, he could say nothing, but my Lord is a good Man. We must not forget how the Wife of this Edward, being big with Child, and pressing in to see her Husband, the Porter at Fulham gave her such a kick on the Belly, that the Child was destroyed with that stroak immediately, and she dyed afterwards of the same.

Prelates.

Jo. Roman, (whose Father was born at Rome) was (probably) born in York, seeing he was very indul∣gent to that City: For generally Outlandish Mules, though lying down in English Pasture, used to leave no hairs behind them. But this Jo. being advanced Arch-Bishop began to build the Church, and finished the North part of the Cross-Isle therein. Pol. Virg. prais∣eth him for a man of great Learning and Sincerity. He fell into the disfavour of King Edward 1. for Excom∣municating Anthony Beck Bishop of Durham, and it cost him 4000 Marks to regain his Prince's good Will. He dyed 1295. and was buried in his own Church.

Robert Walbey, an Augustinian Friar in York, went over into France, where he was chosen Professor of Divinity in the City of Tholouse. He was Chaplain to the Black Prince, and after his death, to his Father, King Edward 3. Now as his Master enjoyed three Crowns, so under him, his Chaplain did successively par∣take of three Mitres, being first a Bishop in Gascoigne, then Arch-Bishop of Dublin in Ireland, and afterwards Bishop of Chichester in England. At last he was Con∣secrated Arch-Bishop of York. He dyed 1397.

Since the Reformation.

Thomas Morton, born 1564. was Son to a famous Mercer (reputed the first in York) and allied to Cardi∣nal Morton, Arch-Bishop of Canterbury. He was bred in York School (with that Arch-Traytor Guy Faux) and afterwards in St. Johns-Colledge in Cambridge, and (for his Merit) chosen Fellow thereof, before 8 Com∣petitors. Commencing D. D. he made his Position on

his second Question, contrary to the expectation of Dr. Playfere, replying upon him with some passion, Com∣môsti mihi Stomachum, to whom Morton returned, Gra∣tu•…•…or tibi Reverende Professor de bono tuo Stomacho, cana∣bis apud me hâc nocte. He was successively preferred Dean of Glocester, Winchester, Bishop of Chester, Co∣ventry and Lichfield, and Durham. The Foundation which he laid, of Forreign Correspondency with emi∣nent persons, of different perswasions, when he attend∣ed as Chaplain to the Lord Evers, (sent by King James Ambassador to the King of Denmark, &c.) he built upon unto the day of his death. In the late Long Par∣liament, the displeasure of the House of Commons fell heavy upon him, partly, for subscribing the Bishops Protestation for their Votes in Parliament; partly, for refusing to resign the Seal of his Bishoprick, and Bap∣tizing a Daughter of John Earl of Rutland, with the Sign of the Cross; two faults, which compounded to∣gether, in the judgment of honest and wise men, a∣mounted to an High Innocence. Yet the Parliament al∣lowed him 800 pounds a year, (a proportion above his Brethren) for his Maintenance. But the Trumpet of their Charity gave an uncertain sound, not assigning by whom, or whence this Sum should be paid. In∣deed the severe Votes of Parliament ever took full ef∣fect, according to his observation who did Anagram it, VOTED, OUTED. But their Merciful Votes found not so free performance; however this good Bi∣shop got 1000 pounds out of Goldsmiths Hall, which afforded him support in his Old Age. He wrote a∣gainst Faction, in defence of three Innocent Ceremonies, and against Superstition, in his Treatise called The Grand Impostor. He solemnly proffered unto me, to maintain me to live with him, which courteous prof∣fer, as I could not conveniently accept, I did thankful∣ly refuse. Many of the Nobility deservedly honour∣ed

him, but none more then John Earl of Rutland, to whose Kinsman Roger Earl of Rut. he had formerly been Chaplain. Sir George Savil civilly paid him his pur∣chased Annuity of 200 pounds. He dyed at Easton Manduit, in Northampton-shire, the House of Sir Henry Yelverton, 1659. Aet. 95.

Statesmen.

Sir Robert Car, Son to Thomas Laird of Funihurst in the South of Scotland, (who being active for Mary Queen of Scots, was thereupon forced to fly to York) was born in this City, and therefore he afterwards re∣fused to be Naturalized by Act of Parliament, as need∣less to him, being born in the English Dominions. 'Tis reported, that his first making at Court, was by breaking of his Leg at Tilting in London, whereby he came first into the cognizance of King James, who re∣flected on him, whose Father had been a kind of Con∣fessor, for the Cause of the Queen his Mother. Be∣sides the young Gentleman had a handsome Person, and a conveniency of desert. Honours were crowded upon him, made Baron, Viscount, Earl of Sommerset, Knight of the Garter, Warden of the Cinque Ports, &c. He was a good natur'd Man, doing himself more hurt then any Man else. For abating one foul Fact, with the Consequences thereof notoriously known and he will appear deserving no foul Character to Po∣sterity; but for the same, he was banished the Court, lived and dyed very privately, about 1638.

Writers

Jo. Walbye, an Augustinian (Provincial of his Or∣der) and D. D. in Oxford, was a complaisant person,

being Ingenious, Industrious, Learned, Eloquent, Pi∣ous and Prudent. Though sharp at first against the Wicklevites, he soon abated his own edge; and though present at a Council held at Stanford, by the King, against them, was not well pleased with all things trans∣acted therein. He dyed in York 1393.

Jo. Erghom, an Augustinian, went to Oxford, and became an admirable Preacher. He renewed the eu∣stom of Expounding Scripture in a Typical way, which crowded his Church with Auditors, being more pleas∣ed then edified therewith. He wrote many Books, and Dedicated them to the Earl of Hereford, (the same with Edward Duke of Buckingham) and flourished under King Henry 7. 1490.

Since the Reformation.

Richard Stock, bred in St. Johns-Colledge in Cam∣bridge, was Minister of All-hallowes Breadstreet in London, by the space of 32 years, till the day of his death; where (if in Health) he omitted not to Preach twice every Lords day, with the approbation of all that were Judicious and Religious. Dr. Davenant was his constant Auditor, whilst lying at London. He prevailed with some Companies, to put off their wont∣ed Festivals from Mondays to Tuesdays, that the Lords day might not be abused, by the preparation for such Entertainments. Though he Preached often in Neigh∣bouring Churches, he never neglected his own, being wont to protest, That it was more comfortable to him to win one of his own Parish, then twenty others. Preach∣ing at St. Pauls Cross, when young, it was ill taken that he reproved the inequality of Rates in the City,

(burdening the Poor to ease the Rich) and he was called a Green-Head for his Pains. But being put up in his latter dayes, to Preach on the Lord Mayors E∣lection, and falling on the same Subject, he told them, That a Gray-Head spake now what a Groen-Head said before. He dyed April 20. 1626.