Anglorum speculum, or, The worthies of England in church and state alphabetically digested into the several shires and counties therein contained : wherein are illustrated the lives and characters of the most eminent persons since the conquest to this present age : also an account of the commodities and trade of each respective county and the most flourishing cities and towns therein.

CHAP. IV. Of Popes, Cardinals and Prelates, before the Reformation.

THere have been four Popes Englishmen, and but six Germans, tho Germany be five times bigger then England, which boasts of the Arch-Bishop of Canterbury, formerly accounted Pope of England. As for Cardinals, they were anciently no more then Curats, made by Bishops, as well as by the Pope, For, there were founded, anciently, in the Church of St. Pauls, two Cardinals chosen by Dean and Chapter, out of the twelve petty Cannons, whose Office was to look to those of the Quire, to give the Eucharist, to the Minister of that Church and his Servants, to hear Confessions, appoint Penance, and to commit the Dead to convenient Sepulture, and two of them lie buried in the Church of St. Faiths.

This Custom of Cardinal-making was in many other Countries, but afterwards, was appropriated to Rome, where they are divided into Bishops, who are Assessors with the Popes Priests, who are Assist∣ants, and Deacons, Qui serviunt Servo Servorum Dei, who are Attendants on his Holiness. The Bishops are seven, viz. Bishop of 1 Hostia, 2 Sabine, 3 Porto, 4 Alba, 5 Preneste, in which three last places, these Englishmen respectively have been Bishops, viz. •…•…. Kilwardby, Nic. Breakspeare, Bernar. Anglicus, •…•…nd Sim. Langham. 6 Rufine, 7 Tusculane. Cardinal Priests are accounted twenty eight, amongst whom Steph. Langhton was Card. of St. Chrysogon, An. 1212. Tho: Woolsey of St. Cecily, 1515. John Morton, of St. Anastasia, 1493. Will. Alan of St. Martin in the Mount, 1587. Ancherus, 1261, and Chr. Bambridge, 1511, of St. Praxis Boso, of St. Crosses Jerusalem, •…•…156. Rob. Curson, 1211, and Rob. Summercote, 1234, of St. Steph. in Mount Celius. Th. Bourchier, of St. Cyriacus in the Baths. Rob. Pullen, of St. Eusebius, 1144. Boso, of St. Puntiana, 1160. John •…•…isher, of St. Vitalis, 1535. Of Cardinal Deacons, •…•…here are sixteen, whereof Boso was the only English∣man, and Card. of St. Cosmus and Damian. Their habit is Scarlet.

Pope Paul II. made it Penal, for any beneath their Order, in Rome, to wear a Red hat. The Cardinal-Bishops took place of the Emperour before his Co∣ronation, and of other Kings. The Popes were to be chosen by, and out of that Order. The Cardinal-Deacons were oftentimes elected to the Popedom before the Cardinal-Priests. There is at this day, •…•… Brother of the late Duke of Norfolk enjoys the Title and Dignity of Cardinal. 'Tis alledged by some that Englishmen being of a different Religion from his Holiness, and in a manner, exiles abroad,

and not furnished with sufficient Estates, are there∣fore seldom honoured with that Dignity, which has been fatal to several Englishmen; for Card. Maekeli∣field was buried four Months before his Cap was brought him; Card. Sertor died in Italy in the juncture of time, inter pileum Datum & Susceptum. Card. Fisher, when his Cap was come to Calis, had his head struck off at Tower-Hill. Card. Somercot was Poysoned, in the Conclave, to prevent his Election to the Popedom. Card. Evosham was sent the same way, on the same occasion. Card. Bambridge was Poisoned at Rome, by one of his Servants, being an Italian.

As for Prelates, the Catalogue shall begin about the time of King H. 3. And continue to the 1. El.