The present state of the Ottoman Empire containing the maxims of the Turkish politie, the most material points of the Mahometan religion, their sects and heresies, their convents and religious votaries, their military discipline ... : illustrated with divers pieces of sculpture, representing the variety of habits amongst the Turks, in three books / by Paul Rycaut Esq. ...

About this Item

Title
The present state of the Ottoman Empire containing the maxims of the Turkish politie, the most material points of the Mahometan religion, their sects and heresies, their convents and religious votaries, their military discipline ... : illustrated with divers pieces of sculpture, representing the variety of habits amongst the Turks, in three books / by Paul Rycaut Esq. ...
Author
Rycaut, Paul, Sir, 1628-1700.
Publication
London :: Printed for John Starkey and Henry Brome ...,
1668.
Rights/Permissions

To the extent possible under law, the Text Creation Partnership has waived all copyright and related or neighboring rights to this keyboarded and encoded edition of the work described above, according to the terms of the CC0 1.0 Public Domain Dedication (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/). This waiver does not extend to any page images or other supplementary files associated with this work, which may be protected by copyright or other license restrictions. Please go to http://www.textcreationpartnership.org/ for more information.

Subject terms
Civilization, Islamic.
Islam -- Turkey.
Turkey -- History -- 1453-1683.
Turkey -- Social conditions -- Early works to 1800.
Turkey -- Defenses.
Cite this Item
"The present state of the Ottoman Empire containing the maxims of the Turkish politie, the most material points of the Mahometan religion, their sects and heresies, their convents and religious votaries, their military discipline ... : illustrated with divers pieces of sculpture, representing the variety of habits amongst the Turks, in three books / by Paul Rycaut Esq. ..." In the digital collection Early English Books Online. https://name.umdl.umich.edu/A58003.0001.001. University of Michigan Library Digital Collections. Accessed May 6, 2024.

Pages

CHAP. VIII. The Nature of Predestination according to the Turkish Do∣ctors.

THe Doctrine of the Turks in this point seems to run exactly accor∣ding to the assertion of the severest Calvinists; and in proof hereof their Learned men 〈◊〉〈◊〉 places of Scripture, which seem to incline to the same opinion. As shall the Vessel say to the Potter, Why hast thou made 〈◊〉〈◊〉? I will harden the heart of Pharaoh; Jacob have I lo∣ved, and Esau have I hated, and the like. For the Turks attribute no small Reverence and Authority to the old Testament, as wrote by Di∣vine Inspiration, but that the Alchoran being of later date, and con∣taining the Will of God more expresly and perfectly, the former is now abrogated and gives place unto this.

Some are so positive in this assertion, that they are not afraid to say that God is the Author of evil, without distinction or evasions to acquit the Divine purity of 〈◊〉〈◊〉 foulness of sin according to the Doctrine of the Manichees. And all in general concur in this conclusion, That what∣soever prospers hath God for the Author; which was the reason they destroyed not Bajazets Children, during the time of his War against

Page 116

his Brother 〈◊〉〈◊〉, expecting to receive an undoubted argument of the Will of God therein, from the good or bad fortune of the Father. And from the same rule they conclude much of the Divine approbation and truth of their Religion, from their Conquests and present Prospe∣rity.

They are of opinion that every mans destiny is wrote in his fore∣head, which they call Narsip or Tactir, which is the Book wrote in Heaven of every mans fortune, and is 〈◊〉〈◊〉 no contrary endeavours, councels or wisdom to be avoided; which 〈◊〉〈◊〉 is so firmly radicated in the minds of the vulgar, that it causes the 〈◊〉〈◊〉 〈◊〉〈◊〉 to throw away their lives in the most desperate attempts, and to esteem no more of their bodies, then as 〈◊〉〈◊〉 or rubbish to fill up the trenches of the Enemy; And to speak the truth, this received asertion hath turned the 〈◊〉〈◊〉 as much to account, as any other of their best and sub∣tilest Maximes.

According to this Doctrine, none ought to avoid or fear the Infecti∣on of the Plague; Mahomets precepts being not to abandon the City∣house where Infection rages, because God hath numbred their dayes and predestinated their fate; And upon this belief, they as familiarly attend the Beds and frequent the company of Pestilential persons, as we do those that are affected with the Gout, Stone or Ague. And though they evidently see that Christians, who fly into better Airs, and from infected habitations, survive the fury of the years Pestilence, when whole Cities of them perish and are depopulated with the Disease; yet so far is this opinion rooted amongst them, that they scruple not to strip the contagious shirt from the dead body, and to put it on their own, nor can they remove their aboad from the Chambers of the sick; it being the custom in the Families of great men to lodge many Servants on different Palets in the same room, where the diseased and healthful lie promiscuously together, from whence it hath happened ofter, that three parts of a Pashaws Family, which perhaps hath consisted of two hundred men, most youthful and lusty, have perished in the heat of July and Augusts Pestilence. And in the same manner many whole Fami∣lies every Summer have perished, and not one surviver left to claim the inheritance of the house; for want of which the Grand Signior hath become the proprietor.

Though the Mahometan Law obliges them not to abandon the City, nor their houses, nor avoid the conversation of men infected with the Pestilence where their business or calling employs them; yet they are counselled not to frequent a contagious habitation, where they have no lawful affair to invite them. But yet I have observed, in the time of an extraordinary Plague, that the Turks have not confided so much to the precept of their Prophet, as to have courage enough to with∣stand the dread and terrour of that slaughter the sickness hath made; but have under other excuses fled to 〈◊〉〈◊〉 and private Villages, e∣specially the Cadees and men of the Law, who being commonly of more refined wits and judgments then the generality, both by reason and ex∣perience have found that a wholsome Air is a preserver of life, and that they have lived to return again to their own house in health and strength, when perhaps their next Neighbours have through their brutish ignorance been laid in their Graves. And this is the opinion

Page 117

most general and currant with the Turks, who are called Jebare; There is another sort amongst them called Kaere.

Do you have questions about this content? Need to report a problem? Please contact us.