Archæologiæ Græcæ, or, The antiquities of Greece by John Potter ...

Χ

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So call'd from 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, i. e. Brass, because it was celebrated in memory of the first Invention of working that Metal, which is owing to Athens (h). It was call'd 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, because 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, i. e. the whole Athenian Nation, assembled to celebrate it. Sometimes also this Festival was call'd 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, because it was kept in honour of

〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, or Minerva, who was the Goddess of all sorts of Arts, and Inventions, and upon that account nam'd 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, from 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, i. e. work. Afterwards it was only kept by Mechanicks, and Handy-crafts∣men, especially those concern'd in Brass-work, and that in honour of Vulcan, who was the God of Smiths, and the first that taught the Athenians the use of Brass.

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A Festival celebrated by the Chaonians in Epirus (a).

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A Festival observ'd once in nine years by the Delphians, whereof we have this account in Plutarch (b):

A great Drought having brought a Famine upon the Delphians, they went with their Wives and Chil∣dren as supplicants to the King's Gate, who distributed Meal and Pulse to the more noted of them, not having enough to supply the necessities of all: But a little Orphan Girl coming and importun∣ing him, he beat her with his Shoe, and threw it in her Face; she in∣deed was a poor, vagrant Beggar, but of a Disposition no ways mean, or ignoble, wherefore unable to bear the Affront, she withdrew, and untying her Girdle, hang'd her self therewith. The Famine hereupon encreasing, and many Diseases accompanying it, the Pythia was con∣sulted by the King, and answer'd, that the Death of the Virgin Charila, who slew her self, must be expiated: The Delphians after a long search discover'd at length, that the Maid, who had been beaten with the Shoe, was call'd by that Name, and instituted certain Sacrifices mix'd with expiatory Rites, which are religiously observ'd every ninth year to this Day: The King presides at them, and distributes Meal and Pulse to all persons, as well Strangers, as Citizens; and Charila's Effigies, being brought in, when all have receiv'd their Dole, the King smites it with his Shoe; then the Governess of the Thyades conveys it to some lonesom and desolate place, where a Halter being put about it's Neck, they bury it in the same spot of Ground, where Charila was interr'd.

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A Festival celebrated (c) in honour of the Charites, or Graces, with Dances, which continu'd all Night; he that was awake the long∣est, was rewarded with a Cake call'd 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉.

〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉,

A Thansgiving-Day at Athens (d) upon the twelfth of Boedromio••, which was the Day, whereon Thrasybulus expell'd the Thirty Tyrants, and restor'd to the Athenians their Liberty.

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At Athens (a).

〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉,

A Festival celebrated by the 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, or Handy-crafts-men (b).

〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉,

A Festival at Rhodos (c) in the month Boedromion, wherein the Boys rent from door to door begging, and singing a certain Song, the doing which they call'd 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, and the Song it self was nam'd 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, because it was begun with an invocation of the 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, or Swallow; it is set down at large in Athenaeus, and begins thus,

〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 &c. —

It's said to have been compos'd by Cleobulus the Lindian, as an artifice 〈◊〉〈◊〉 get Money in a Time of publick Calamity. In like manner, to sing ••••e Song, wherein a Raven, in Greek 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, was invok'd, they call'd 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉. And it seems to have been customary for poor Beggars, to go about, and sing for Wages; so Homer is said to have done, earn∣ing his Living by singing a Song, call'd 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉.

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An anniversary Day kept by the Hermionians in honour of Ceres, sir∣••am'd Chthonia, either because she was Goddess of the Earth, which is ••all'd in Greek 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, or from a Damsel of that Name, whom Ceres carry'd from Argolis to Hermione, where she dedicated a Temple to the Goddess. The manner of this Festival is thus describ'd by Pausanias (d):

Ceres her self is nam'd Chthonia, and under that Title is honour'd with a Festival, celebrated every Summer in this Method; A Procession is led up by the Priests of the Gods, and the Magi••trates that year in Office, who are follow'd by a crowd of Men and Women: The Boys also make a solemn Procession in honour of the Goddess, being in white Apparel, and having upon their Heads Crowns compos'd of a Flower, which is by them call'd 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, but seems to be the same with Hyacinth, as appears as well by the bigness and colour, as from the Letters inscrib'd upon it in memory of the untimely Death of Hyacinthus. This Procession is follow'd by Persons that drag an Heifer untam'd, and newly taken from the Herd, fast bound to the Temple, where they let her loose; which being done, the Door∣keepers,

who till then had kept the Temple-gates open, make all fast, and four old Women being left within, and arm'd with Sithes, they pursue the Heifer, and dispatch her, as soon as they are able, by cutting her Throat. Then the Doors being open'd, certain appointed Per∣sons put a second Heifer into the Temple, afterwards a third, and then a fourth, all which the old Women kill in the fore-mention'd manner; and 'tis observable, that all fall on the same side.

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In honour of Diana sirnam'd Chitonia from Chitone, a Burrough in Attica, where this Festival was celebrated (a).

Another Festival of this Name was celebrated at Syracuse with Songs and Dances proper to the Day (b).

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A Festival celebrated at Athens upon the sixth of Thargelion (c) with Sports, and Mirth, and Sacrificing a Ram to Ceres, worship'd in a Tem∣ple, in, or near the Acropolis of Athens, under the Title of 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 which Name tho' Pausanias thought to bear a hidden, and mystical Sence, understood by none but the Priests themselves, yet perhaps it may be deriv'd from 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, i. e. Grass, because Ceres was Goddess of the Earth, and all the Fruits thereof; and is the same with the E∣pithet of 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, or fertile, which is apply'd to her by Soph••∣cles (d),

〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉. —

Where this Conjecture seems to be approv'd by the Scholiast, who tells us, that Ceres, sirnam'd 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, was worship'd in a Temple near the Acropolis, which can be no other than that already mention'd. Add to this, that Gyraldus is of Opinion that Ceres is call'd 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 amongst the Greeks, for the same reason that amongst the Latins she is nam'd Flava, the cause of which Title is too well known, to be ac∣counted for in this place.

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See 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉.

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In honour of Bacchus (e).

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See 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉.

Notes

• (h)

  Eustathius Iliad. 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉. Suidas, Harpocration, Etymologici Auctor.
• (a)

  Parthenius Erot. XXXII.
• (b)

  Graec. Quaest.
• (c)

  Eustathius Odyss. 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉.
• (d)

  Pl••∣tarchus de Gloria Atheniens.
• (a)

  Hesychius.
• (b)

  Idem.
• (c)

  Athenaeus lib. VIII.
• (d)

  Corinthiacis.
• (a)

  Callimachi Scholiastes Hymn. in Dian. Athena••us lib. XIV.
• (b)

  Stephanus By∣zantinus v. 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉.
• (c)

  Hesychius, Eustathius I••. ••. Pausanias Articis.
• (d)

  Oedip. Colon.
• (e)

  Hesychius.