The compleat herbal of physical plants containing all such English and foreign herbs, shrubs and trees as are used in physick and surgery ... : the doses or quantities of such as are prescribed by the London-physicians and others are proportioned : also directions for making compound-waters, syrups simple and compound, electuaries ... : moreover the gums, balsams, oyls, juices, and the like, which are sold by apothecaries and druggists are added to this herbal, and their irtues and uses are fully described / by John Pechey ...

G.

GAlangal, in Latin Galanga major.

The Root of it is good in all Cases wherein Ginger is used; and it is wont to be candied like Ginger. It provokes Appetite, as Ca∣pers and Olives do. The fresh Root of either of them, cut into Slices, is boyl'd with Flesh and Fish for the same purpose. 'Tis also eaten raw, with Oyl, Salt and Vinegar, with Fish and Flesh, to help Conco∣ction. 'Tis used in the cold Diseases of Men and Beasts. 'Tis Cephalick, Cardiack, and Stomachick. It strengthens the Stomach, and takes off Sowr Belch∣ing. Being chew'd in the Mouth, it discusses Wind, and cures a Stinking Breath. It does good in the Cho∣lick, heats the Reins, and provokes Venery. Can∣died with Sugar, it is good for cold Diseases of the Head and Nerves. It cures the Head-ach, and eases the Pain of the Limbs. 'Tis good for the Palpita∣tion of the Heart, used with the Juice of Plantane. The Powder of it taken in good Wine, or Balm-wa∣ter, or in the Juice of Bor∣rage, cures Fainting, pro∣ceeding from a cold Cause. The Germans use to give it to those that are about to be Let Blood, to chew it in their Mouths, to prevent Fainting. It grows spon∣taneously in Malabar and Java.

Galbanum.

'Tis a fat Juice, but cannot be dis∣solv'd with Oyl; in Water it may. 'Tis of a middle Nature, betwixt a Gum and a Resin; for it will burn like Resin, and dis∣solve in Water like a Gum. 'Tis of a yellow Colour,

and of a soft Substance, like Wax. It tastes bit∣terish and acrid, and smells very strong. The chief use of it is, to mollifie and di∣gest. 'Tis used inwardly to provoke the Courses, to hasten Delivery, to expel the Secundine, and a dead Child. 'Tis also outward∣ly used in Child-bearing, for the Courses, for Mo∣ther-fits, and for Giddiness. The Fume of it is good in the Falling-sickness, for Mother-fits, and for Faint∣ing, and the like. 'Tis said by some of the Ancients, that he that washes his Hands with a Solution of it, may safely handle Serpents: But the Truth of it may be well doubted. Take of Galbanum, and choice Myrrh, each one Dram and an half; of Castor six∣teen Grains; with a suffi∣cient quantity of the Bal∣sam of Peru: Make twelve Pills of each Dram: Give three at Bed-time, drink∣ing upon them three or four Spoonfuls of Compound-Briony-water: Continue the use of these Pills thirty Days. These Pills are ve∣ry proper in Hysterick Dis∣eases. Take of Galbanum dissolv'd in Tincture of Ca∣stor, and strain'd, three Drams; Tacamahaca two Drams; mingle them; make a Plaster to be ap∣plied to the Navel. This Plaster is very proper in Hysterick Diseases. 'Tis an Ingredient of several Pla∣sters of the London-Dispen∣satory; as, of the Plaster of Ammoniacum, Barbarum Magnum; of the Plaster of Cinnabar, and of the Com∣pound Diachylon; of the Plaster of Mucilages, of the Divine Plaster, and some others. The way to puri∣fie it is, to dissolve it in Vinegar; then passing it through a Cloth, all the Moisture is to be evapora∣ted away over the Fire. By this means it is cleans'd, indeed, from Straws, and some other Impurities that are contain'd in it: But then, part of its Volatile Spirits is evaporated at the same time, and in them consists its greatest Virtue; while some others are fix'd by the Acid, which always hinders the Motion of Vo∣latiles. Wherefore I would never advise this Purifica∣tion:

I had rather, after chusing it as clean as may be, only powder it in a Mortar, to mix it with what may be thought fit; for, tho' there should be some little Straws in it, they would never be able to alter the nature of the Remedy, or diminish its Virtue so much, as does the Destruction of its Vo∣latile Salts by the Vinegar. But because it is too moist to be powder'd, you must first cut it into little Slices, and dry it in the Sun. 'Tis a Tear of the Herb called Faerula.

Common Great Gentian, in Latin Gentiana major.

The Root of it, which is chief∣ly used, is Alexipharmick. 'Tis used in the Plague, and other Contagious Dis∣eases; for Obstructions of the Liver and Spleen, and the like. 'Tis good for a Dropsie, Mother-fits, Weak∣ness of the Stomach, the Worms, Agues, and for the Biting of a Mad Dog. 'Tis frequently used outwardly to dilate Ulcers, and to make Issues run. The Com∣pound-water of Gentian of the London-Dispensatory is made in the following man∣ner: Take of the Roots of Gentian cut one Pound and an half, of the Leaves and Flowers of the Lesser Cen∣tory, each four Ounces; infuse them for the space of eight Days, in six Quarts of White-wine, and then distil them in B. M. This Water is a good Preserva∣tive against Ill Air, and and Contagious Diseases. It opens Obstructions of the Liver, strengthens the Stomach, creates an Appe∣tite, and helps Digestion. 'Tis good for the Jaundice, and opens Women's Ob∣structions. The Extract of Gentian is also much in use. The Root powder'd, and made into an Electua∣ry, with Conserve of O∣range-peels, and Conserve of Hips, strengthens the Stomach, creates an Appe∣tite, and expels Wind, and helps Concoction.

Ginger, in Latin Zin∣ziber.

It grows in all the Provinces of India. 'Tis candied green in India, and is good for Old People, and such as are cold and

flegmatick, and for such whose Stomachs do not concoct well; especially, when it is fresh candied. 'Tis also good for Viscid Flegm of the Lungs. The Indians use the Leaves of Ginger in Broths, and for the Kitchin. They also use the Roots of it green, with Oyl and Salt, mix'd with other Herbs. Fresh Gin∣ger is reckon'd by them an excellent Remedy for Cho∣lical Pains, and for the Cae∣liack and Lientaerick Pas∣sions. 'Tis also good for long Diarrhaea's, proceeding from Cold; and also for Wind, and the Gripes, and the like. But it is to be noted, that they who are of a hot Constitution ought not to use it, whether they are sick or well; for it in∣flames the Blood, and o∣pens the Orifices of the Veins. But Ginger and Pepper are more used in the Kitchin, than in Phy∣sick. 'Tis mix'd with purging Medicines that are strong, to correct them. It cleanses the Lungs and Stomach, strengthens the Brain, and clears the Sight when it is dulled by moi∣sture. It strengthens the Sto∣mach, and is mix'd with Antidotes. 'Tis an Ingre∣dient in the Cardiack Sy∣rup, of the Cardiack Julep of the London-Dispensa∣tory.

Goards, in Latin Cur∣curbitae.

It quenches Thirst, provokes Urine, lessens Seed, and extinguishes Ve∣nery. 'Tis used in Meats, prepar'd in the following manner: They boyl the inner and white Substance, with the unripe and soft Seeds; afterwards they cut them small, with Onions, and boyl them with Salt and Butter; and then they are much like Headed Cab∣bage cut and boyl'd: They are very good for lean Peo∣ple. The Italians cut it in∣to pieces, and boyl it in Broth. It tastes well, and yields a laudable Juice, and we suppose it is a conve∣nient Diet for Feverish Peo∣ple; for it cools and molli∣fies. 'Tis much of the same Virtue with Cucumber. The fresh Leaves applied to the Breasts of Women in Child-bed, lessens the Milk. The Seeds are reckon'd a∣mong

the four Greater Cold Seeds. For Redness of the Face, Take of the Kernels of Peaches four Ounces, of the Seeds of Goards two Ounces; make an Oyl of them by Expression, where∣with anoint the Face. Men∣struous Women, by only looking on young Goards, kill them: But this seems fabulous.

Canary-Grass, in Latin Phalaris.

It grows as well in Spain and France, as in the Canaries. The Seed, and the Juice of the Herb, and the Leaves, taken in∣wardly, are commended for Pains in the Blad∣der.

Common Dog-Grass, or Couch-Grass, in Latin Gra∣men caninum.

'Tis a tall Grass, sometimes four or five Foot high. It expels Gravel. Silvius says, that Sheep and Oxen that are troubled with the Stone in the Winter-time, are freed from it in the Spring by eating Grass.

Cotton-Grass, in Latin Gramen Tomentosum.

It grows in marshy and wa∣tery places, and is easily known by the Cotton on it. 'Tis very astringent; and is used for making Candles, and the like.

Oat-Grass, in Latin Gramen Avenaceum.

'Tis found in May, in the Hedg∣es, and narrow Ways. Tra∣gus says, a Decoction of it in White-wine, used for some Days, is an excellent Remedy for the Worms in Children.

Guaiacum, in Latin Lignum sanctum.

In curing the French-Pox there is no Medicine better or surer than the Decoction of Guaiacum; for, if the Cure be manag'd as it ought, and the Decoction be taken in due time, 'tis a certain Cure for this Dis∣ease. 'Tis also good in a Dropsie, for an Asthma, the Falling-sickness, for Dis∣eases of the Bladder and Reins, and for Pains in the Joints, and for all Diseases proceeding from cold Tu∣mors and Wind. The Spa∣niards learnt the use of it from the Indians: For, a

certain Spaniard having ta∣ken the Disease from an Indian Woman, was much afflicted with Venereal Pains; and having an In∣dian Servant who practis'd Physick in that Province, he gave his Master the De∣coction of it, whereby his Pains were eased, and his Health restored: And by his Example, many other Sapniards were cured. So that, in a short time, this way of Cure was known all over Spain; and soon after, every where else. The Pox, that is the Dis∣ease of the West-Indians, in∣infected the Europeans in the following manner: In the Year 1493. in that War of the Spaniards at Naples, with the French, Columbus return'd from his first Voy∣age which he had under∣taken for the Discovery of the New World; and ha∣ving found some Islands, he brought thence Men and Women to Naples, where His Catholick Ma∣jesty was. Having then made Peace with the French King, both the Armies ha∣ving free Intercourse, and Ingress, and Egress, at plea∣sure, the Spaniards had first Conversation with the In∣dian Women, and the In∣dian Men with the Spanish Women: And then it crept afterwards into Italy and Germany, and lastly into France, and so over all the World. At first it had ma∣ny Names: The Spaniards thinking they were infected by the French, called it the French-Pox: The French supposing they got it at Naples, called it the Neopo∣litan Disease: And the Ger∣mans thinking they receiv'd it from the Spaniards, cal∣led it the Spanish Disease: But others more properly termed it the Indian Mala∣dy; for from thence it first came. The Way of pre∣paring this Decoction, to∣gether with the Method of taking it, is as follows: Take of the Wood cut small twelve Ounces, of the Bark of it beaten two Ounces; infuse it in six Sextaries of Water, in a large Earthen Pot, twenty four Hours; the Pot must be close stop'd; boyl it with a gentle Fire, to the Consumption of four Sex∣taries of the Water; when

it is cold strain it, then put upon the same Wood eight Sextaries of Water, and boyl it to the Consumption of two: Keep it a-part. The Way of giving it is as follows: The Sick being purged according as his Physician shall think fit, he must be put into a warm Chamber, and let him go to bed in the Morning, and take ten Ounces of the first Water hot; and being well cover'd, he must sweat two Hours; then, being well rub'd, let him change his Linnen, and put on his Clothes well warm'd; four Hours after give him Rai∣sins and Almonds, with Bread twice baked, where∣of let him eat moderately, and drink as much as is sufficient of the Second Water: Eight Hours after he hath eaten, let him take again ten Ounces of the first Water hot, and let him sweat two Hours, and be cleansed from his Sweat as before; an Hour after the Sweat, give him the Al∣monds and Raisins, and the Bread twice bak'd for his Supper, and let him drink of the Second Water. Let him observe this Method for the first fifteen Days, unless his Strength be much impair'd; for if so, he must be allow'd a roasted Chic∣ken, besides the things a∣bove-mention'd: Those that are weakly, and cannot bear so strict a Diet, must be al∣low'd also a roasted Chic∣ken after nine Days: But if the Sick be so very weak∣ly that he cannot bear at all the fore-mention'd Diet, he must eat Chicken spa∣ringly at the Beginning, in∣creasing his Meals by de∣grees. After fifteen or six∣teen Days, purge with ten Drams of the Pulp of Cas∣sia, or some such Medicine, and on the same Day let him drink of the Second Decoction: On the Seven∣teenth Day let him return to the Method above de∣scrib'd; let him take, Morning and Evening, the Water of the First Deco∣ction, sweat, and be diet∣ed as before; only, instead of a Chicken, let him eat half a Pullet; and towards the End, somewhat more: Let him continue the same Diet to the Twentieth Day, at which time, being well

cloath'd, let him walk a∣bout his Chamber; after∣wards purge him again, and let him continue the use of the Decoction forty Days more, and let him observe an orderly Diet, and abstain from Women and Wine: But if he nau∣seate the Decoction, let him drink Water wherein Annise and Fennel have been boyl'd; let him eat a small Supper, and, to be sure, let him forbear Flesh then. This Method, some think, will eradicate the worst sort of Pox: But o∣thers hold, there is no other Way of curing it, when it is deeply rooted, than by the use of Mercury. The incomparable Chyrurgeon, Mr. Wiseman, mentions it frequently in his excellent Treatise of the French-Pox. Take of Guaiacum four Ounces, of the Bark of the same two Ounces, of Sar∣saparilla eight Ounces, of the Wood of Saxifrage one Ounce and an half, of the Shavings of Hart's-horn and Ivory, each six Drams; infuse them all Night in ten Quarts of Fountain-water, then boyl them in a Vessel close stop'd, to the Consumption of a third part; add at the End, of the Leaves and Roots of Soap-wort two Handfuls, of the Leaves of Agrimony, and both the Speed-wells, each one Handful; of Rai∣sins stoned six Ounces; of the Seeds of Sweet Fennel and Coriander, each six Drams; of Spanish Liquo∣rish two Ounces; strain the Liquor, and aromatize it with a little Cinnamon, and keep it for use: The Patient commonly takes a Quart, or more, of this Drink in a Day. Take of the Leaves of Sena four Ounces, of Gummy Tur∣bith and Hermodactyls, each two Ounces; of Black Hellebore, and the Pulp of Colloquintida, each six Drams; of Guaicum and Saxifrage rasp'd, each one Ounce; of the Bark of Guaiacum, and the fresh Berries of Juniper, and the outward Bark of Citrons, each half an Ounce; of Cinnamon and Cloves, each two Drams; infuse them in equal Parts of the Waters of Balm, Meadow-sweet, and Car∣duus

Benedictus, for the space of forty eight Hours; then boyl them gently, and strain out the Liquor; dis∣solve in it, of Aloes-Rosat two Ounces, Diagridium one Ounce; bring it to the Consistence of an Extract, and keep it for use: The Dose is, from half a Dram to one Dram. This is a proper Purge in the French Disease. Or, Take of the Extract above describ'd two Drams, of the Gum of Guaiacum half a Scruple, of Mercurius dulcis one Scru∣ple; make Pills with the Syrup of Buck-thorn: These Pills are also used for the same Disease. Distillation of Guaiacum is perform'd in the following manner: Take the Shavings of Guai∣acum, fill a large Retort with them, three quarters full; place it in a Rever-beratory Furnace, and joyn to it a great capacious Re∣ceiver; begin the Distilla∣tion with a Fire of the First Degree, to warm the Re∣tort gently, and to distil the Water which is called Flegm; continue it in this condition until there come no more Drops, which is a Sign that all the Flegm is come; throw away that which you find in the Re∣ceiver, and fitting it again to the Neck of the Retort, lute well the Junctures; you must afterwards in∣crease the Fire by degrees, and the Spirits and Oyl will come forth in white Clouds; continue the Fire until there comes no more; let the Vessels cool, and unlute them; pour that which is in the Receiver into a Tunnel lined with Brown Paper, and, set up∣on a Bottle, or some other Vessel; the Spirit will pass through, and leave the black, thick, and very fet∣tid Oyl in the Tunnel; pour it into a Viol, and keep it for use. 'Tis an excellent Remedy for Rot∣tenness of the Bones, for the Tooth-ach, and to cleanse old Ulcers. It may be rectified, and may be used inwardly for the Fal∣ling-sickness and Palsie, and to drive forth the After∣birth: The Dose is, from two Drops to six, in some convenient Liquor. The Spirit of Guaicum may be rectified in a Limbeck, to

separate the Impurity that passes with it: It works by Perspiration, and by Urine: The Dose is, from half a Dram to a Dram and an half. 'Tis likewise used, mix'd with Water of Ho∣ny, to cleanse Inveterate Ulcers. You will find in the Retort the Coals of Guaiacum, which you may turn into Ashes by putting Fire to them: Calcine these Ashes some Hours in a Pot∣ter's Furnace, then make a Lee of them with Water, filtrate it, and evaporate it in a Glass, or Earthen Ves∣sel, in Sand, there will re∣main the Salt of Guaia∣cum; which you may make white by calcining it in a Crucible, in a strong Fire. This Salt is Aperi∣tive, and Sudorifick; it may serve, as all other Al∣kalies, to draw the Tin∣ctures of Vegetables: The Dose is, from ten Grains to half a Dram, in some convenient Liquor. During the Distillation you must not make the Fire too strong; for the Spirits com∣ing forth with a great deal of Violence, will be apt to break either the Retort or the Receiver. Tho' Guai∣acum be a very dry Body, yet abundance of Liquor is drawn from it; for, if you put into the Retort four Pounds of this Wood, six∣teen Ounces to the Pound, you will draw thirty nine Ounces of Spirit and Flegm, and five Ounces and an half of Oyl; there will re∣main in the Retort nine∣teen Ounces of Coals, from which you may draw half an Ounce, or six Drams of an Alkali-Salt. The Oyl of Guaiacum is Acrimoni∣ous, by reason of the Salts it has carried along with it; and it is the Gravity of the Salts that does precipitate it to the bottom of the Wa∣ter. This Oyl does good for the Tooth-ach, because it stops the Nerves with its Ramous Parts; hindring thereby the Air from en∣tring. Moreover, by means of the Acrimonious Salts which they contain, they do dissipate a Flegm, which uses to get within the Gum, and causes Pain. Take of Guaiacum, cut into small pieces, eight Ounces; of Sarsaparilla six Ounces, of the Bark of Walnut-tree,

of the Roots of Fig-wort, and of Saxifrage, each two Ounces; Herb Robert three Handfuls, of Raisins of the Sun stoned, and of Live Millepedes, each one Pound; make a Bag for four Gal∣lons of New Beer. This is a Diet-drink for the King's Evil. Guaiacum grows in Hispaniola, Ja∣maica, and some other Places.

Gum-Ammoniacum.

Chuse that which is with∣out Sand, that is pure, yellow without, and clear within; which burns clear when it is fired, and soft∣ens, and sticks to the Hands when handled, and flies in∣to many shining pieces when it is knock'd with an Ham∣mer: It will dissolve in Water; it smells stronger than Galbanum, and hath a bitterish Taste. It atte∣nuates, and resolves, and draws violently, and moves the Belly. 'Tis chiefly used for Pains of the Gout, to resolve the viscid and thick Mucilage of the Lungs, and Mesentery; and for obsti∣nate Obstructions of the Li∣ver, Spleen, and Womb; and for the Stone. 'Tis used outwardly for a Scir∣rhus, for the King's-Evil, and to dissolve other hard Swellings. Gum-Ammo∣niack is distill'd in the fol∣lowing manner: Put a Pound of Gum-Ammoni∣ack into an Earthen Retort, or a Glass one, luted, big enough for two thirds to remain empty; place this Retort in a Reverberatory Furnace, and fitting to it a Receiver, begin the Distil∣lation with a very little Fire, to warm gently the Retort, and drive forth, Drop by Drop, a little Fleg∣matick Water; when the Vapours begin to appear, throw out that which is in the Receiver; and re-fit∣ting it, and luting close the Joints, increase the Fire by degrees, and continue it until all is come forth; then let the Vessels cool, and unlute them; pour out that which is in the Re∣ceiver, into a Tunnel lined with Brown Paper; the Spirit will pass through, and leave the thick, black Oyl in the Filter: Keep it in a Viol. 'Tis good for the Palsie, and Hysterical

Diseases; the diseas'd Parts are rub'd with it: And it is given Women to smell to. Put the Spirit into a Glass-Limbeck, and rectifie it by distilling it in Sand: 'Tis a good Remedy against the Plague, and all sorts of Malignant Diseases. 'Tis used in the Scurvy, and all manner of Obstructions. The Dose is, from eight to sixteen Drops. The Spirit of all other Gums may be drawn after the same man∣ner. The Plaster of Am∣moniacum of the London-Dispensatory is made in the following manner: Take of Ammoniacum, of Bran well sifted, each one Ounce; Ointment of Marsh-mal∣lows, Compound Mellilot-Plaster, Roots of Briony and Orris powder'd, of each half an Ounce; Geese, Ducks and Hens Fat, of each three Drams; of Bdel∣lium, and Galbanum, each one Dram and an half; Resin of the Pine, and yel∣low Wax, of each five Ounces; Oyl of Orris and Turpentine, of each an Ounce and an half; boyl the Fats and Oyl, with Mucilage of Linseed and Fenugreek, each three Oun∣ces, to the Consumption of the Mucilage; strain it, and add the Wax, Resin and Turpentine, the Ointment of Marsh-mallows, with the Plaster of Melilot; when it begins to be cold, put in the Ammoniacum dissolv'd in Vinegar, then the Bdel∣lium powder'd, with the rest of the Powders, and so make a Plaster according to Art. It asswages and mollifies hard Swellings, and discusses the Peccant Hu∣mour: It softens the Spleen when hard, and eases the Pain of it. The Plaster of Hemlock, with Ammonia∣cum, of the London-Dispen∣satory is made in the fol∣lowing manner: Take of the Juice of the Leaves of Hemlock four Ounces, of Vinegar of Squils, and of Gum-Ammoniacum, each eight Ounces; after due Infusion, strain it, and re∣duce it to the Consistence of a Plaster, according to Art: It eases Pain, and al∣lays Inflammations. Am∣moniacum is also used in some other Plasters of the London-Dispensatory: Take of Gum-Ammoniacum dis∣solv'd

in Vinegar one Ounce; of Ladanum and Mastich, each two Drams; of Oyl of Wormwood, and of Wax, each a sufficient quantity: This is used for an Inflammation and Ab∣scess of the Liver. Syrup of Ammoniacum of the London-Dispensatory is made in the following manner: Take of Maudlin and Ce∣trach, each four Handfuls; of Common Wormwood one Ounce; of the Roots of Succory and Asparagus, and of the Bark of the Roots of Capers, each two Ounces; make an Infusion of them for twenty four Hours: After due Prepara∣tion, in three Ounces of White-wine, and of Simple Radish-water, and Fuma∣tory-water, each two Pints; boyl them to a Pint and an half, let the strain'd Liquor stand till it is clear; dis∣solve a-part, in four Oun∣ces of the strain'd Liquor, when it is warm, two Oun∣ces of Gum-Ammoniacum, dissolv'd first in the sharpest White-wine-Vinegar; boyl the rest to a Syrup, with a Pound and an half of Fine Sugar, adding the Dissolu∣tion of the Gum towards the End. This Syrup o∣pens Obstructions, and is good for Diseases of the Skin: An Ounce of it, or somewhat more, may be taken at a time.

Gum-Arabick, in La∣tin Gummi Arabicum.

'Tis the Gum or Juice of an E∣gyptian Thorn: The most transparent, and whitest, is the best. It will easily dissolve in Water; it miti∣gates Acrimony, and is good for Fluxes, Coughs, and Catarrhs. Take of the Roots of the Greater Com∣frey two Ounces, of the Leaves of Plantane and Mouse-ear, each one Hand∣ful; of the Tops of Mal∣lows and Maiden-hair, each half an Handful; of Li∣quorish rasp'd half an Ounce; of Fine Flower and Gum-Arabick, of Tra∣gacanth and Bole-Armoni∣ack, each one Dram; of the Seeds of Lettice and Purslain, each one Dram; of the Seeds of Red Roses one Pugil; make a Deco∣ction in Rain-water to one Pint and an half; strain it, and sweeten it with Sugar;

make a Julep: Take eight Ounces every Morning, for ten or twelve Days. This is good for an Ulcer of the Reins or Bladder. Take of the Roots of Marsh-mallows and the Greater Comfrey dried, each two Drams; of Gum-Arabick, and of the Gum of Cherry and Prune-tree, each one Dram; of Olibanum and Myrrh, each four Scru∣ples; of the Seeds of White Poppy and Winter-Cher∣ries, each one Dram and an half; of Camphyr two Scruples; powder them all very fine; and having ad∣ded of Ceruss of Antimony a third part of the weight of all the rest, make a Mass for Pills with a sufficient quantity of Venice-Turpen∣tine: The Dose is, one Dram, Morning and Even∣ing. These are excellent Pills for the same purpose. But if the Turpentine should occasion Pain, Juice of Liquorish, dissolv'd in Pellitory-water, may be used instead of it.

Gum-Caranna.

The Indians use it for Tumors, and all sorts of Pain. 'Tis commended for those Dis∣eases which Tacamahaca is wont to cure; but it is more effectual than that. 'Tis brought from Carthage. Take of Gum-Elemi and Turpentine, each half an Ounce; of Olibanum, Ma∣stich and Gum-Tragacanth, each three Drams; of Bole▪ Armoniack one Ounce and an half; of the Seeds of Nigella, Myrtle and Ba∣laustians, each one Dram; of Euphorbium one Scru∣ple, of Amber two Drams, of Burgundy-Pitch eight Ounces, of Gum-Caranna ten Drams, of Oyl of Cloves, and Peruvian Bal∣sam, each six Grains; min∣gle them, and make a Pla∣ster according to Art, to be applied to the Neck.

Gum-Copal.

'Tis ve∣ry clear, and transparent. The Indians use it in their Sacrifices, for Perfumes: And their Priests use it so frequently in their Tem∣ples, that when the Spa∣niards came into those Parts first, they smelt it. 'Tis good for cold Diseases of the Head; and may serve instead of Frankincense,

and Gum-Anime. 'Tis al∣also very good for fresh Wounds. It comes from the West-Indies.

Gum-Elemi.

Tis of the Colour and Consistence of Wax; it tastes some∣what bitterish, and smells like Fennel. It discusses Tumors, cleanses Sordid Ulcers, and Cicatrises them. 'Tis of excellent Virtue in Wounds of the Head, and therefore Practitioners always use it in Plasters and Ointments for Fra∣ctures of the Scull, and Wounds of the Head. The Plaster of Gum-Elemi of the London-Dispensatory is made in the following manner: Take of Gum-Elemi four Ounces, of Re∣sin of the Pine, and pure Wax, and Ammoniacum, each two Ounces; of Tur∣pentine three Ounces and an half, of Malaga-Sack a sufficient quantity; boyl them to the Consumption of the Wine, then add the Ammoniacum dissolv'd in Vinegar, and make a Pla∣ster. Ointment or Lini∣ment of Gum-Elemi of the London-Dispensatory is made in the following manner: Take of Gum-Elemi, of Turpentine of the Firr-tree, each one Ounce and an half; of Old Sheep's-Suet cleans'd two Ounces, of Old Hog's-Grease, one Ounce; make an Oint∣ment. 'Tis used chiefly for Wounds and Ulcers of the Head; but it is also good for Ulcers in any Part of the Body. It cleanses, and incarns, and is very agreeable to the Body.

Gum-Gotta.

'Tis a concreted Juice, of a yel∣low Colour; and if it be moisten'd with Spittle, it becomes more yellow. What Plant it comes from is uncertain; but it is a great Commodity in the East-Indies. Take of Gum-Gotta eight Grains, of Con∣serve of Roses three Drams, of Oyl of Mace one Drop: Or, Take of Gum-Gotta six Grains, dissolve it in a sufficient quantity of fresh Broth. It purges Watery Humours.

Gum-Lac.

'Tis a Juice of an Indian Tree, called

Malus Indica Lusitanis. 'Tis not certainly known how it is made; for, what Gar∣cias says, of its being made by winged Ants, as Bees make Hony, does not seem probable; but it rather sweats out of the very Tree, or from the Branch∣es of it, at set Times, and grows to the Form we see it with the Heat of the Sun. The best comes from Pegu and Martaban. 'Tis Twofold; namely, Seed-lac, or Shel-lac: 'Tis also Factitious. It attenuates, and opens, and purifies the Blood, and provokes Sweat, and is Diuretick. 'Tis chief∣ly used in Obstructions of the Liver, Spleen, and Gall-Bladder. 'Tis good in a Dropsie, for the Jaundice, an Asthma, and Impost-humes of the Lungs; to expel Malignity, and to force the Courses. The Species called Dialacca is much commended by most Physicians, and is made in the following manner: Take of Gum-Lac prepa∣red, and of the Roots of Rhaponticum, each three Drams; of Schaen••nth, In∣dian Spikenard, Mastich, of the Juice of Wormwood and Agrimony thicken'd, of the Seed of Smallage, Bishop's-weed, Fennel, An∣nise, Savine, Bitter Al∣monds, Cleands, Myrrh, Zedoary, the Roots of Madder, Asarabacca, of Birth-wort Long and Round, and of Gentian, of Saffron, Cinnamon, dri∣ed Hysop, Woody-Cassia, and Bdellium, of each one Dram and an half; of Black Pepper and Ginger, each one Dram; make a Powder according to Art. Sealing-wax is made of Gum-Lac: The fine, hard Sealing-wax is made of fine Gum-Lac, melted in an Earthen Vessel, into which a sufficient quantity of the colour is put, and mix'd well together; then take it off the Fire, and make it up into Rolls, or Sticks. Red Wax is colour'd with choice Vermillion; Blue Wax with Blue Bice, Smalt, or Ultramarine; Green Wax with Green Bice, Verdigrease, or the like; Black Wax with Ivo∣ry, or Cherry-stone-Black; Purple Wax, with Red Lake, and the like, Coarse▪

hard Sealing-wax is made in the following manner: Take of Shel-lac twelve Ounces; of Resin and choice Vermillion, each six Ounces; melt them, and mix them together; and when they are of a due Heat make them into Sticks. You may set a Gloss upon them, by gent∣ly heating them in a na∣ked Charcoal-fire, and rubbing them with a Cloth till they are cold.

Gum-Olibanum, or Frankincense, in Latin Oli∣banum.

It heats, dries, and is somewhat astringent. 'Tis chiefly used inwardly, for Diseases of the Head and Breast, and for Fluxes of the Belly and Womb, and for a Cough, and Spit∣ting of Blood. But the In∣ternal Use of it is much disliked by some; for they say it occasions Madness. 'Tis used outwardly for ••umes to strengthen the Head, and to stop Catarrhs. It incarns Ulcers, and cures Wounds. Mix'd with Lard, it cures Chilblains. It eases the Pain of Ulcers of the fundament, powder'd, and mix'd with Milk. 'Tis mingled with Plasters, Ointments and Balsams, to cleanse and incarn Ulcers and Wounds. But the chief use of it is in Fractures of the Scull; being powder'd, and mix'd with the White of an Egg, and applied to the Temples, it does good for an Hemicrania, and the Head-ach. Infus'd in sweet Wine, and drop'd hot into the Ears, it eases the Pain of them, and cures Ulcers in them. The Bark of Frankincense is more effe∣ctual than the Frankincense it self, and is more astrin∣gent. The Smoke of Fran∣kincense was formerly used to take off Inflammations of the Eyes, and to stop Fluxes: But it is not used now-a-days. But the most ancient and remarkable use of it was in holy Things; for they sacrificed and per∣fum'd their Temples with it: And the same use is made of it now-a-days in Christian Churches. It has been also used, which is very strange, in all Ages, and in all Nations, and by People of all sorts of Religions, to purifie the Bodies of the

Dead. It was called Oli∣banum by the Greeks, from an Assyrian Youth of that Name; who, as it is fa∣bulously reported, being maliciously slain for his pi∣ous Behaviour towards the Gods, was turn'd into this Shrub, called Arbor Thuri∣fera. Upon which Ac∣count they affirm, that no∣thing is more pleasing to the Gods than the Smell of Frankincense.

Gum-Opoponax:

See Panax Herculis.

Gum-Sagapenum.

The Plant, whose Juice it is, is unknown. It opens discus∣ses, attenuates and cleanses. 'Tis used for Pains of the Side and Breast, and for Ruptures. It cleanses the Lungs of thick Matter that sticks to them. 'Tis used in the Falling-sickness, and for Diseases of the Spleen, and the Palsie. It provokes the Courses; and, taken in Wine, it cures those that are bit by Venomous Crea∣tures. It takes off Mo∣ther-fits, being held to the Nostrils with Vinegar. 'Tis reckon'd amongst the strongest Purgers; but Me∣sue says, it hurts the Sto∣mach and Liver. It may be corrected with such Things as are astringent, and preserve the Tone; as, with Mastick, Spike, and the like. Schroder rec∣kons the Virtues, in short, thus: 'Tis very drawing: It purges clammy, gross and watery Humours from the Stomach, Guts, Womb, Reins, Brain, Nerves, Joints, and Breast; wherefore it is good for Dropsies, Old Coughs, an Asthma, the Head-ach, Convulsions, Fal∣ling-sickness, Palsie, Ob∣structions and Tumors of the Spleen, for the Cholick, to provoke the Courses and the Urine: But it is not to be used to Women with Child, for it kills the Child. 'Tis good outwardly for a Pleurisie, and other Tu∣mors; for it resolves and eases Pain. The Fume of it takes off a Fit of the Fal∣ling-sickness; and cures the little Excrescencies on the Eye-lids, called Hordeola. Take of Gum-Sagapenum and Ammoniacum, each half a Dram; of Diagri∣dium six Grains, of the

Troches of Alhandal four Grains; make Pills with Syrup of Betony.

Gum-Sarcocolla.

'Tis so called because it aggluti∣nates Flesh. 'Tis best when it is fresh, and of a palish Colour; for, when it is old it grows reddish. It has a bitter Taste, and is of a porous Substance, and easi∣ly dissolves in Water. It heats and dries, and is astringent. It consolidates, glutinates, ripens and con∣cocts. 'Tis chiefly used for Cicatrizing and healing Wounds. 'Tis excellent for Fluxeons, for the Albugo and Nubeculae of the Eyes, being infus'd in Woman's or Asses Milk, and mix'd with Rose-water.

Gum-Tamahaca.

'Tis much used by the Indians, in Tumors of all kinds, in any part of the Body. It wonderfully resolves, ri∣pens, and discusses. It takes away all Pains proceeding from Cold and Flegmatick Humours. The Fume of of it takes off Mother-fits. 'Tis commonly applied, in the form of a Plaster, to the Navel in Hysterick Diseases. It stops all De∣fluxions from the Head, being wrap'd in a Cloth, and applied behind the Ears. Being applied in the form of a Plaster to the Temples, it diverts Defluxions on the Eyes, and other parts of the Face. It cures the Tooth-ach, the Hollow Tooth be∣ing stop'd with it. An ex∣cellent Stomach-Plaster is made of it, and a third part of Storax, and a little Am∣ber-grease; for it strength∣ens the Stomach, provokes Appetite, and helps Con∣coction, and expels Wind. 'Tis of excellent Virtue in Pains of the Hips, and for Diseases of the Joints, pro∣ceeding from cold Hu∣mours. Monardes adds a third part of Wax, to make it stick the better. This Plaster is very good for Swellings and Hardness of the Spleen.

Gum-Tragacanth.

It flows from the Root, being cut. That which is brought to us is glutinous, white, or yellow, and of a sweetish Taste. The Water where∣in it is infus'd becomes

clammy and mucilaginous. It opens Obstructions, and attemperates Acrimony. It is used in Medicines for the Eyes, and for Coughs and Hoarsness, and Distillations in a Linctus with Hony. A Dram of it being dis∣solv'd, and taken in a pro∣per Liquor, mix'd with Burnt Hart's-horn and a little Allum, eases the Pain of the Kidnies, and Erosions of the Bladder. 'Tis good for the Bloody-Flux▪ in Clysters. And dis∣solv'd in Milk or Rose-wa∣ter, it takes off Redness of the Eyes, and stops sharp Distillations on them. A Mucilage is made of it in Water, to form other Me∣dicines; for instance, Tro∣ches. 'Tis an Ingredient of the Syrup of Hysop of the London-Dispensatory, which is made in the following manner: Take of the Roots of Smallage, Parsly, Fen∣nel, Liquorish cut, each ten Drams; of Jujebs and Se∣bestians, each fifteen pair; of Raisins cleans'd one Ounce and an half; Figs, and fat Dates, of each num∣ber Ten; of the Seeds of Mallows, Quinces, and of Gum-Tragacanth, tied up in a Rag, each three Drams; of Hysop mode∣rately dried ten Drams, of Maiden-hair six Drams; all being prepar'd, infuse them twenty four Hours in eight Pints of Barly-wa∣ter, then boyl them in B. M. and strain them out hard; to the clear Liquor add six Pounds and an half of Fine Sugar, make a Sy∣rup in B. M. It corro∣borates the Breast and Lungs, and is excellent for Coughs.