A tutor to astronomie and geographie, or, An easie and speedy way to know the use of both the globes, coelestial and terrestrial in six books : the first teaching the rudiments of astronomy and geography, the 2. shewing by the globes the solution of astronomical & geographical probl., the 3. shewing by the globes the solution of problems in navigation, the 4. shewing by the globes the solution of astrological problemes, the 5. shewing by the globes the solution of gnomonical problemes, the 6. shewing by the globes the solution of of [sic] spherical triangles : more fully and amply then hath ever been set forth either by Gemma Frisius, Metius, Hues, Wright, Blaew, or any others that have taught the use of the globes : and that so plainly and methodically that the meanest capacity may at first reading apprehend it, and with a little practise grow expert in these divine sciences / by Joseph Moxon ; whereunto is added Antient poetical stories of the stars, shewing reasons why the several shapes and forms are pictured on the coelestial globe, collected from Dr. Hood ; as also a Discourse of the antiquity, progress and augmentation of astronomie.

CHAP. I.

I. What a Globe is.

A Globe according to the Mathematical Definition, is a perfect and exact round Body contained under one surface.

Of this form (as hath been proved) consists the Hea∣vens and the Earth: and therefore the Ancients with much pains Study and Industry, endeavouring to imitate as well the imagina∣ry as the real appearances of them both, have Invented two Globes; the one to represent the Heavens, with all the Constel∣lations, fixed Stars. Circles, and Lines proper thereunto, which Globe is called the Celestial Globe; and the other with all the Sea Coasts, Havens, Rivers, Lakes, Cities, Towns, Hills, Capes, Seas, Sands, &c. as also the Rhumbs, Meridians, Parallels, and other Lines that serve to facilitate the Demostration of all manner of Questions to be performed upon the same: and this Globe is called the Terrestrial Globe.

II. Of the two Poles.

Every Globe hath two Poles, the one North, the other South. The North Pole is in the North point of the Globe: The South Pole in the South point.

III. Of the Axis.

From the Center of the Globe both waies, proceeds a line through both the Poles, and continues it self infinitely; which is called the Axis of the World; and is represented by the two wyers in the Poles of the Globe: Upon these two wyers the Globe is turned round, even as the Heavens is imagined to move upon the Axis of the World.

IIII. Of the Brasen Meridian.

Every Globe is hung by the Axis at both the Poles in a Bra∣sen Meridian, which is divided into 360, degrees; (or which is all one) into 4 Nineties: the first beginning at the North Pole, is con∣tinued from the left hand towards the right till the termination of 90 degrees, and is marked with 10, 20, 30, &c. to 90. from whence the degrees are numbred with 80, 70, 60, &c. to 0. which is in the South Pole: from whence again the degrees are numbred

with 80, 70, 60, &c. to 0, and lastly, from 0 the degrees are num∣bred with 10, 20, 30, to 90. which is again in the North Pole.

This Brasen Meridian is of great use; for by help of it you may find the Latitude of all Places, the Declination of all the Stars, &c, and rectifie the Globe to any Latitude.

V. Of the Horizon.

The Horizon is a broad wooden Circle, encompassing the Globe; having two notches in it; the one in the North the other in the South point: The notches are made just fit to contain the Bra∣sen Meridian that the Globe is hung in: In the bottom or under Plane of the Horizon there stands up a rop or (as it is called) a Bed, in which there is also a notch, into which notch the Brasen Meridian is also let, so lo, as that both it and the Globe may be divided into two equal halfs by the upper Plane of the wooden Ho∣rizon. These Notches are as gages to keep the Globe from inclin∣ing more to the one side of the wooden Horizon then the other.

Upon the upper Plane of the Horizon is several Circles delinea∣ted: as first, the inner Circle, which is a Circle divided into twelve equal parts, viz. into twelve Signes; every Signe having its name prefixed to it; as to the Signe of ♈ is the word Aries; to ♉ the word Taurus, &c. every Signe is again divided into 30 equal parts, which are called Degrees, and every tenth degree is marked with 10, 20, 30.

Next to the Circle of Signes is a Kalender or Almanack, ac∣cording to the Old stile used by us here in England, each Moneth being noted with its proper Name; as January, February, March, &c. and every day distinguished with Arithmetical figures, as 1, 2, 3, 4, &c. to the end of the Moneth.

The other Calender is a Calender of the New stile; which is in a manner all one with the Old; only in this Calender the moneth begins ten daies sooner then they do in the other: and to this Ca∣lender (because it was instituted by the Church of Rome) there is annexed the Festival daies Celebrated by the Romish Church.

The two other Circles are the Circles of the Winds; the inner∣most having their Greek and Latine names; which by them were but twelve; and the outermost having the English Nanes, which for more preciseness are two and thirty.

The use of the upper Plane of the Horizon is to distinguish the Day from the Night; the Rising and Setting of the Sun, Moon, or

Stars, &c. and for the finding the Azimuth, and Amplitude, &c.

VI. Of the Quadrant of Altitude.

The Quadrant of Altitude is a thin brass plate, divided into 90. degrees; and marked upwards with 10, 20, 30, 40, &c. to 90. It is rivetted to a Brass Nut, which is fitted to the Meridian; and hath a Screw in it, to screw upon any degree of the Meridian. When it is used it is screwed to the Zenith. Its use

[illustration]

is for measuring the Altitudes, finding Amplitudes, and A∣zimuths, and discribing Almicantaraths. It would sometimes stand you in good steed if the Plate were longer by the bredth of the Horizon then 90. degrees; for then that length being turned back will serve you instead of an Index, when the Nut is screwed to the Zenith, to cut either the degrees or Daies of either Style, or the Points of the Compass in any of those Circles concentrical to the innermost edge of the Horizon, which the Ey cannot so well judge at.

VII. Of the Hour Circle, and its Index.

The Hour Circle is a smal Brasen Circle, fitted on the Meridi∣an, whose Center is the Pole of the world: It is divided into the 24 hours of the Day and Night, and each hour is again divided into halfs and quarters, which in a Revolution of the Globe are all pointed at with an Index, which to that purpose is fitted on the Axis of the Globe.

The use of the hour Circle is for shewing the Time of the se∣veral mutations and Configurati∣ons of Celestial Appearances.

[illustration]

VIII. Of the Nautical Compass, or Box and Needle.

Just under the East point of the Horizon, upon the undermost Plane, is sometimes fixed a Nautical Compass, whose North and South line must be Parallel to the North and South line of the Horizon. The use of it is for setting the Angles of the Globe correspondent to the Angles of the World.

IX. Of the Semi-Circle of Position.

This is a Semi-Circle made of Brass, and divided into 180. degrees, numbred from the Equinoctial on either side with 10, 20, 30, &c. to 90. at the two ends there is an Axis, which is fitted into the two hole, of two smal studs fixed in the North and South points of the upper Plane of the Horizon: upon this Axis it is moved up and down, according to the intent of your operation.

The use of this Circle of Position is, for the finding the twelve Astrological Houses of Heaven; and also for finding the Circle of Position of any Star or Point in Heaven.

Thus much may serve for the lineaments Circumjacent to the body of the Globe. The next discourse shall be