Mores hominum = The manners of men / described in sixteen satyrs by Juvenal, as he is published in his most authentick copy, lately printed by command of the King of France ; whereunto is added the invention of seventeen designes in picture, with arguments to the satyrs ; as also explanations to the designes in English and Latine ; together with a large comment, clearing the author in every place wherein he seemed obscure, out of the laws and customes of the Romans, and the Latine and Greek histories, by Sir Robert Stapylton, Knight.

The Comment UPON THE ELEVENTH SATYR.

VErse 1. Atticus,] One of the Family of that infinite rich and noble person T. Pomponius Atticus, eminent for his lear∣ning, and for the friendship between him and Cicero. Mart. lib. 7.

Attice qui renovas foecundae nomina gentis. Atticus, that thy fruitfull Name reviv'st.

Verse 2. Rutilus,] A Descendent from the Rutili. A Gentleman of a small fortune, that consumed it with feasting: and in the prime of his youth, when he might have served in the warres, and have got honour

and a fortune, as his Ancestors did by the sword, shames himself with it, and disgraces their noble memory, coming upon the Theater as a Gla∣diator or common Fencer.

Verse 4. Apicius.] The rich Glutton, that being sensible how ridi∣culous poverty would make him, hanged himself. See the Comment upon Sat. 4.

Verse 4. Not forc'd to't] Like young Proculus, compelled by the Emperor Calligula to fight with a Thracian Fencer: or like Domitius Glabrio, inforced by the necessity of the times to make himself a Gla∣diator; but Rutilus was of the same ging with Gracchus, that fought up∣on the Stage for money, when there was no Nero to compell him. Sat. 8.

Verse 21. His dead mothers Images.] Medalls of Gold and Silver, wherein her Figure was ingraved.

Verse 27. Ventidius.] A Gentleman of the house of Ventidius, that is quoted for one of the rare presidents of good fortune. Sat. 7.

Verse 30. Atlas.] A Mountain in Africa, so high that by the inha∣bitants it was called Columna Coeli, the Pillar of Heaven. Upon this Mountain, in comparison whereof all other Lybian hills are mole-hills, the Astrologer Atlas used to contemplate the Starres, which occasioned the Fable of his being turned into that Mountain, to support Heaven, as he is rarely described by Virg. Aeneid. lib. 4.

Verse 37. Thersites] The basest, ugliest, and boldest Knave amongst the Greeks; yet he had not the impudence to stand in competition for the armes of Achilles; so farre he knew himself and his want of merit.

Verse 42. Tully.] Juvenal admonishes an Orator to consider his own abilities; whether he be with the first-file of Speakers, a Cicero; or in the

second rank, a Curtius Montanus, that had a harsh kind of elocution, but proud and swelling. Tacit. or of the third and lowest forme, a Matho, whose wit was unweldy like himself. See the Comment upon Sat. 1. & 7.

Verse 52. Pollio,] A Roman Knight, as appears by his Ring, the mark of his honour; but it seems the Census Equestris his four hundred thousand Sesterces were spent, in feasting, to the last Deneir; otherwise he would not in his life time have suffered Poverty, like Hannibal, to plunder him of his Ring.

Verse 60. Ostia,] A haven Town, to which the Roman Prodigalls removed, that in case their Creditors followed, they might slip aboard a Galley; which was the designe of Damasippus. Sat. 8.

Verse 61. Forum.] The Forum Romanum, the place of complement and business; where the Romans had their Exchange, Courts of Justice, Pul∣pits for Orations: and Saturn's Temple, or the Chamber of Rome. See the end of the Comment upon Sat. 1.

Verse 62. Suburra,] A great street of Rome, described in the Com∣ment upon Sat. 3.

Verse 63. Cool Mount Esquiline] Coole to the great persons that dwelt upon it; but cold to their Clients, almost sterved with dancing at∣tendance in the night. Sat. 5.

Was't this for which I left, so many a time, My Wife, the cold Mount Esquiline to climb.

Verse 69. Persicus,] The Friend invited to supper by Juvenal, as I have said in my Argument to this Satyr.

Verse 76. Evander,] King of Arcadia, Son to the Prophetess Carmen∣tis: for his eloquence said to be the Son of Mercury by Nicostrata.

He, having accidentally slain his Father, left his Kingdome, and by the advice of his Mother sailed into Italy, beat the Aborigines, and possessed himself of the place where afterwards Rome was built; built himself a little Town upon Mount Palatine, and there entertained Hercules, but very frugally. He lived to give such another treatment to Aeneas. Virg. Aeneid. lib. 8.

Verse 80. The first in fire.] Hercules, that was Evander's first Guest, went his voyage to the Gods in fire; for he burned himself alive, as in the end of the Comment upon Sat. 10.

Verse 80. The last by water.] Aeneas, treated by Evander along time after Hercules was burned, went to heaven by water; for he got his death by a fall into the Numician Well; some say he was drowned in it, and the Fountain it self consecrated to his Deity. Tibull.

Verse 83. Tybur.] See the Comment upon Sat. 3.

Verse 92. Signine,] Pears that grew in Italy amongst the Signines, and were the latest ripe. Plin. lib. 15. cap. 15.

Verse 92. Syrian.] Pliny and Martial commend the taste of the Sy∣rian Pear; but Horace cries up the Pisan Pear for the most delicious.

Verse 98. Curius.] See the end of the Comment upon Sat. 2.

Verse 111. Fabii.] Q. Fabius Maximus and his Sonne, both temperate and frugall persons.

Verse 112. Scauri.] Marcus Scaurus, Prince of the Senate. See the Comment upon Sat. 2.

Verse 113. Censor.] Fabricius the Censor, that set a Fine upon the head of his Collegue P. D••cius. See the Comment upon Sat. 2. & 9.

Verse 127. Wild-beast.] The Wolfe that gave suck to Romulus and Rhemus, under the rock at the foot of the Quirine Mount.

Verse 129. Naked God.] Mars, that naked begot Romulus and Rhemus, as aforesaid; but afterwards put on his armes to maintain the Empire, founded by those royall Twins.

Verse 138. The Gauls come.] M. Caeditius heard these words in the aire. Liv. lib. 5. Marcellus, when he had relieved the Capitol, and beat the Gauls, built the Temple of Jupiter upon the place where Caeditius heard the voice. Plut. in Marcel.

Verse 152. Syene.] A Maritim City upon the borders between Ae∣gypt and Aethiopia, not far from the Isle of Elephantis; so named from the numerous breed of Elephants. This City is directly under the Tro∣pick of Cancer: so that in the Summer-Solstice, at noon day, the bodies of the Inhabitants cast off no shaddow at all. Plin. lib. 1. cap. 73.

Verse 154. Nabathaea.] An Orientall Region, beginning at Arabia, and containing all that tract on the right hand to the red Sea. On the left hand is the Persian Sea, and at the furthest part the Indian: it had the name from Nabaioth, the eldest Son to Ishmael. The people of this Country are called Dacharenes. Eustat. & Steph.

Verse 168. Doctor Trypher,] Master of the carving Academy, whose Pergula or Ground-tarras, opening to the Suburra, was furnished with wooden figures of birds, beasts and fishes, for his Scholars to practice upon.

Verse 170. Pygarg.] Authors differ strangely about the Pygarg; some say it is a Wild-goat or Hind, others a kind of Eagle. Suid. all I can do is to put to it the Epithet fat-rumpt, which expresses my Authors mean∣ing, and the sense of the word Pygarg.

Verse 172. Phaenicopterus,] An African bird, a water-fowle, with red wings, and a beak so long and crooked that it cannot drink, till the whole head be under water.

Verse 182. Mango,] He that sold Slaves and fine Boyes in the Market.

Verse 210. Castanettaes] Knackers, of the form of a Chestnut, used to this very day by the Spanish women in their Dances.

Verse 221. Such verse] As Homer's and Virgil's, so excellently good that boyes cannot spoil it with reading, if Scholars sit to hear it.

Verse 235. Cybel's Towell.] At the Circensian or Megalesian Playes, instituted in honour of Cybele Mother of the Gods, they hung out a Tow∣ell to give notice to the Town, as our Players used to put forth a Flag. The originall of their custome was from Nero, that hearing as he sate at dinner, with how much impatience the people waited at the Court gates, to know his pleasure about the Circensian Playes: he threw them out of the window the Towell he wiped his hands with, to give them notice that he had dined, and would be presently at the Circus; where ever after a Towell was hung out. Suet. in Ner.

Verse 237. Horse-stealer,] The Consul or Praetor; one of them being still present at the Megalesian or Circensian Playes, in his Robe royall, which the Romans proverbially called the Megalesian purple. At these Shows the Praetor, when they ran their Chariot-races, would take the horses he liked best without paying for them, under pretence of service to the Publick, but keep them for his private use; therefore Juvenal calls him the grand Horse-stealer.

Verse 242. Green-coats.] The four parties that ran Coach-races in the Circus, were divided into severall Liveries, viz. the Green-coats, the Russet-coats, the Blue-coats and the White-coats. Henr. Salm. in Pen∣cirol. cap. de Circ. Max. To these four Domitian Caesar added two Com∣panies more, the Gold-coats and the Purple-coats. Suet. in Domit. ca. 7.

Verse 245. The Consuls.] P. Aemilius and. T. Varro, overthrown by Hannibal at the Battail of Cannae; where Aemilius slew himself; but his Collegue Varro fled to Rome, and had the thanks of the House for not despairing of the Common-wealth. Liv.

Verse 253. To bathe here at elev'n.] An hour before meat the Ro∣mans bathed, at the eighth hour, which is our two a clock in the after∣noon: but Juvenal invites his friend Persicus at their fifth hour, which is our eleven a clock in the morning; by which it appears he went to dinner at twelve, according to the present custome of England.