Ecclesia restaurata, or, The history of the reformation of the Church of England containing the beginning, progress, and successes of it, the counsels by which it was conducted, the rules of piety and prudence upon which it was founded, the several steps by which it was promoted or retarded in the change of times, from the first preparations to it by King Henry the Eight untill the legal settling and establishment of it under Queen Elizabeth : together with the intermixture of such civil actions and affairs of state, as either were co-incident with it or related to it / by Peter Heylyn.

An. Reg. Mar. 1. A. D. 1553. 1554.

THe interposings in behalf of the Lady Jane being disrelish∣ed generally in most parts of the Kingdome, M••ry the eldest sister of King Edward the sixt is proclaimed Queen by the Lords of the Council, assi••••ed by the Lord Mayor of London, and such of the Nobility as were then resident about that City, on Wednesday the nineteenth day of July, Ann•• 1553. The Proclamation published at the Crosse in Che••p, with all s••lemnities accustomed on the like oc∣casions; and entertained with joyfull acclamations by all sorts of people, who feared nothing more, than the pride and tyranny of the Duke of Northumber∣land. To carry which news to the Queen at Framingham, the Earl of Arundel, and the Lord Paget, are dispatched immediately by the rest of the Council, and Letters are speedily posted by some private friends to the Duke at Cambridg••. Who understanding how things went, without expecting any order from the Lords at London, dismist the remnant of his Army, and presently repairing into the Market place, proclaimed the Queen, crying, God save Queen Mary, as loud as any, and flinging up his cap for joy, as the others did. Which ser∣vice he had scarce performed, when Rose a Pou••suivant of Arms comes to him with instructions from the Lords of the Council, subscribed by the Arch∣bishop of Canterbury, the Lord Chancellor Goodrick, the Lord Treasurer Pau∣let, the Duke of Suffolk, the Earl of Bedford, Shrewsbury, and Pembrook, the Lord Darsie, Sir Robert Cotton, Sir William Peter, and Sir William Cecil, the two principall Secretaries, Sir John Cheeck, Tutor to the last King, Sir John Baker, Chancellor of the tenths and first fruits, Sir John Mason, Master of the Requests, R. Bowes, Master of the Rolls. Most of which had formerly subscribed the answer to a Letter which came to them from the Princesse Ma∣ry, on the ninth of July, and were all p••••doned for so doing, except Cranmer only. Now the Tenor of the said 〈◊〉〈◊〉, was as followeth.

In the name of our Soveraign Lady Mary the Queen, to be declared to the Duke of Northumberland, and all other his Band, of what degree soever they be.

YOu shall command and charge in the Queens Highness name, the said Duke to disarm himselfe, and the cease all his men of war, and to suffer no part of his army to do any villany, nor any thing contrary to the peace: and himself to for∣bear his comming to this City, untill the Queens pleasure be expressedly declared unto him. And if he will shew himselfe like a good quiet subject, we will then continue as we have begun, as humble suitors to our Soveraign Lady the Queen's Highnesse, for him and his, and for our selves. And if he do not, we will not fail to spend our lives in subduing of him and his.

Item, Ye shall declare the like matter to the Marquesse of Northampton, and all other Noble men, and Gentlemen, and to all men of war, being with any of them.

Item, Ye shall in all places where ye come, notifie it: If the Duke of Northum∣berland do not submit himselfe to the Queens Highnesse, Queen Mary; he shall be ac∣cepted as a Traytor. And all we of the Nobility, that were Counsellors to the late King, will to the utmost portion of our power, persecute him and his to their after∣confusion.

The Pursuivant having communicate his Instructions, found none more ready to obey them, then the Duke himselfe, who had before dismist his forces, and now prepared for his departure from that place, though to what he knew not. But as he was pulling on his boots, he was first slaid by some of the Pensioners, who being drawn into the action against their wils, resolved to have him in a readinesse to bear witnesse to it; and after taken into custody by Slegg, a Serjeant. The businesse being in dispute, another Packet comes from the Lords of the Council, by which all parties were required to depart to their severall dwellings; the benefit whereof the Duke laid claim to for himself, and was accordingly left by them at his own disposal. And so he passed that night in some good assurance, that he should fare no worse than the rest of the Council, who had engaged him in the same cause, and by whose order he had undertaken the command of that Army. In the mean time, the Earl of Arun∣dell had done his errand to the Queen, to so good a purpose, that he was pre∣sently dispatched with Order to seize upon him. Who coming to Cambridge the next morining, found him preparing for his journy, laid hold upon him, and committed him to the charge of some of the Guard. It is reported, that the Duke had no sooner seen the Earle of Arundell, but he fell down upon his knees, and besought him to be good unto him, humbling himselfe before him with more abjectednesse, than formerly he had insulted over him with pride and insolence. By safe, but easie journies, he is brought unto the Tower on the 25 day of July, together with the Earl of Warwick, the Earle of Hunting∣ton, the Lord Hastings; the Lord Ambrose, and the Lord Henry Dudley, two of Northumberlands younger sons; Sir Andrew Dudly, the Duke's brother, Sir John Gates, and Henry Gates his brother, Sir Thomas Palmer (who formerly had served his turn in the destruction of the Duke of Sommerset), and Dr Sandys Vice Chancelor of the University of Cambridge, Followed the next day after by the Marquesse of Northampton, Dr Nicholas Ridley, Bishop of London, the Lord Robert Dudley, another of Northumberland's sons, and Sir Robert Corbet; who having made their Applications to the Queen at Framingham, found there no better entertainment, than if they had been take in some act of Ho∣stility. The 27 day brings in Sir Roger Chomley, Chief Justice of the Kings Bench, and Sir Edward Mountague, Chief Justice of the Common Pleas; the Duke of Suffolk, and Sir John Cheek on the morrow after shutting up the Arrer. But the Duke of Suffolk stayed not long: for being considered in

himself as an easie person, of whom they were to fear no danger, and other∣wise no more in fault than the rest of the Council, he was released again within three dayes after, to the great comfort of his daughter, the late queen Jane, who would have died dayly for her Father, though but once for her self.

But so it fared not with the Duke of Northumberland, a more dangerous person; who, together with John Earl of Warwick, his eldest son, and William Marquesse of Northampton, was brought to their tryal on the eighth of August, before Thomas Duke of Norfolk, then sitting as Lord High Steward in West∣minster Hall. The Duke being brought unto the bar, humbled himself with great reverence before his Peers, professing his faith and allegiance to the Queen; against whom he confessed he had so grievously offended, that he in∣tended not to speak any thing in his own defence. But having been trained up to the study of the Laws in his younger dayes, he desired the judgement of the Court in these two points. First, Whether any man doing any act by Autho∣rity of the Princes Councel, and by warrant of the Great Seal of England, and do∣ing nothing w••th••••t the same, might be charged with treason, for any thing which he might do by warrant thereof. And secondly, (which pinched then his Judges to some purpose) Whe••her any such persons as were equally culpable in the crime, and those by whose Letters and Commandments he was directed in all his doings, might sit as Judges, and passe upon his trial as his Peers. Whereunto it was answered by the Court, with advice of the Judges. First, That the Great Seal which ••e pre••ended 〈◊〉〈◊〉 his warrant, was not the Seal of the lawful Queen of the Realm, but th•• Se•• of 〈◊〉〈◊〉 ••••surper, who had no authority, and theref••re could b•• no warrant to him. And secondly, That if any were as deeply to be touched in the case as himself; yet so long as n•• attainder was upon Record against them, they were looked upon by the Law, as persons capable of passing upon any tryal, and not to b•• challenged by any in that respect▪ but only at the Prince's pleasure. Which being delivered by the Court in point of Law, the Duke conceived that it would be to no purpose for him to plead Not Guilty, and thereupon confessed the Indictment, as the other two prisoners also did; they all received judge∣ment in the usual form. On the pronouncing whereof, he besought the Lords to move the Queen, that she would be gratious to his sons, who might be able to do good service in the time to come; considering that they went not with him of their own free will, but only in obedience to his commands, who was their Father; in which as his desires were granted by the Lords, so the Lords were gratified in them by the Queen; none of his sons being executed (though all condemned) except Guilford only, whose case was different from the others. The like judgement also pass'd on the morrow after, on Sir John Gates, Sit Henry Gates, Sir Andrew Dudley, and Sir Thomas Palmer, who confessing the Indictment also, submitted themselves to the Queens mer∣cy, without further tryal.

In that short interval, which past between the sentence, and the execution, the Duke was frequently visited by Dr Nicholas Heath, then newly restored un∣to the See of Worcester. It was another of the requests which he made to the Lords, that some godly and learned man, might be licenced by the Queen, to repair unto him, for the quiet and satisfaction of his conscience; and the resol∣ved to send him none (as she did to others in like case) but one of her own, under a pretence of doing good unto their so••ls, by gaining them to a right understanding of the faith in Christ. According to which purpose, He••••h bestirs himself with such dexterity, that the Duke, either out of weaknesse, or hope of life, or that it was indifferent to him in what Faith he died, who had shewn so little while he lived, retracted that Religion which he had adorned in the time of King Edward, and outwardly professed for some years in the Reign of King Henry. And hereof he gave publick notice when he was on the scaffold, on the 22 of that mon••h. In the way towards which, there passed some words betwixt him and Gates, each laying the blame of the late action on the

other; but afterwards mutually forgiving, and being forgiven, they died in good charity with one ano••her. Turning himself unto the people, he made a long Oration to them, touching the quality of his offence, and his fore-passed life, and then admonished the spectators, To stand to the Religion o•• their An∣cest••rs, rejecting that of l••••er date, which had occasioned all the 〈◊〉〈◊〉 of the fore∣going thirty years; and that for prevention for the future, if they desired 〈◊〉〈◊〉 present their souls unspotted in the ••ight of God, and were truly affected to their Country▪ they should expel those trumpets of Sedition, the Preachers of the reformed Religion; that for himself▪ whatever had otherwise been pretended, he professed ••o other Re∣ligion than that of his Fathers, for testimony whereof, he appealed to his good friend, and gh••stly father, the Lord Bishop of Worcester; and finally▪ that being blinded with ambition, he had been conten••ed to make a rack of his conscience, by te••porising, for which he professed himself sincerely repentant, and so acknowledged the justice of his death. A declaration very unseasonable, whether true or false; as that which render'd him less pitied by the one side, and more scorned by the other. With him died also Gates and P••l••••r, the rest of the condemned prisoners be∣ing first reprieved, and afterwards absolutely pardoned.

Such was the end of this great person, the first Earl of Warwick, and the la•••• Duke of Northumberland, of this Name and Family. By birth he was the el∣dest son of Sir Ed••ond Sutton, alias Dudley, who together with Sir Richard Empson, were the chief instruments and promoters under Henry the 7th. for putting the penal lawes in execution, to the great grievance and oppression of all sorts of subjects. For which, and other offences of a higher nature, they were both sacrificed to the fury of the common people, by King Henry the 8th. which possible might make him carry a vindicative mind towards that King's children, and prompt him to the dis-inheriting of all his Progeny. First trained up (as his Father had also been before him) in the study of the com∣mon Laws, which made him cunning enough to pick holes in any mans estate, and to find wayes by which to bring their lives in danger. But finding that the long sword was of more estimation than the long Robe, in the time of that King, he put himself forwards on all actions, wherein honour was to be ac∣quired. In which he gave such testimony of his judgement and valour, that he gained much on the affections of his Prince. By whom he was created Vis∣count Lis••e, on the 15th. of March, An. 1541. installed Knight of the Gar∣ter, 1543. and made Lord Admiral of England. Imployed in many action a∣gainst the Scots, he came off alwayes with successe and victory; and having said this, we have said all, that was accounted good or commendable in the whole course of his life. Being advanced unto the Title of Earl of W••rwick, by King Edward the 6th, he thought himself in a capacity of making Queens, as well as Richard Nevil (one of his Predecessors in that Title) had been of setting up and deposing Kings; and they both perished under the ambition of those proud attempts. Punished as Nevil also was, in having no iss••e male remaining to pre∣serve his name. For though he had six sons, all of them living to be men, and all of them to be married men, yet they went all childlesse to the grave, I mean as to the having of lawful issue, as if the curse of Jeconi••ah had been laid upon them. With him died also the proud Title of Duke of N••rth••••berland, never aspired to by the Percies, though men of eminent Nobility, and ever since the time of King Henry the first, of the Race of Emperours: Which Family, as well in reference to the merit o•• their Noble Ancestors, as the intercession of some pow∣erful friends, were afterwards restored to all the Titles and Honours, which be∣longed to that House, in the persons of Thomas and Henry, Grand children to Henry the 5th. Earl thereof, An. 1557.

The matters being thus laid together, we must look back upon the Queen. Who seeing all obstacles removed betwixt her and the Crown, dis∣solved her Camp at 〈◊〉〈◊〉, consisting of fourteen thousand men; and prepared for her journey towards London▪ Met on the way by the Princesse Elizabeth her sister, attended with no fewer than 1000 horse, She made her

entrance into London, on the third of August, no lesse magnificent for the Pomp and bravery of it, than that of any of her predecessors. Taking possessi∣on of the Tower, she was first welcomed thither by I 〈◊〉〈◊〉, the old Duke of Norfolk, Ann•• Dutchesse of Sommerset▪ Edward Lord Co••••••ney, eldest son to the late Marquesse of Excester, and Dr Stephan Gardiner, Bishop of Winchester; all which she lifted from the ground, called them her prisoners, graciously kis∣sed them, and restored them shortly after to their former liberty▪ Taking the Great Seal from Dr Goodrick, Bishop of Ely, within two dayes after, she gave it for the present, to the custody of Sir Nich••l••s Hare, whom she made Master of the Rolls▪ and afterwards committed it, on the 23d. of the same month, together with the Title of Lord Chancellor, on the said Dr Gardi••er, then actually restored to the See of W••••chestor. Having performed the obse∣quies of her brother, on the 9th. and 10th. she removes her Court unto Whitehall, and there contin••es, till it was within two or three dayes of her Coronation. Which time now drawing neer at hand, she passed by water to the Tower, on the 27th. of September, accompanied by her Sister, the Princesse Elizabeth, and a great train of Noble Ladies; made her return through the principal streets of the City, on the last of the same month, in most ••tately manner▪ and the next day proceeded with the like magnificence, to the Abby Church▪ where she was met by three ••••lver Crosses, and eighty singing men, all in ri••h and gorgeo••s Coaps, (so sudden a recruit was made of these sac••ed Vestments); amongst whom went the new Dean of Westminster, Dr. Westo••▪ and divers Chaplains of her own, each of them ••earing in their hands some Ensign or other. After them marched ten Bishops (which were as many as remained of her perswasion) with their Mi••ers, rich Coaps, and Crosier staves. The Ser∣mon was preached by Dr ••ay, whom she had restored to the See of Chichester, and the solemnity of the Coronation, celebrated by the new Lord Chancellor: Cra••ner, Archbishop of Canterbury, being then commited▪ and otherwise con∣ceived unworthy of so great an honour. Till this time, none more dear to her then her Sister Elizabeth, whom she alwayes took with her by the hand, where∣soever she went, and seldome dined or supped without her. But this solem∣nity being passed over (as if she were now freed from all the fea••s of a compe∣tition) she estranged her self from her in such a manner, as shewed that she had formerly desited her company for some by-respects, and not out of natu∣ral affection. More gratef••l unto other persons, who deserved well of her; she preferred Henry Ratcliff, Earle of S••ssex, (Commander Generall of her Army) to the Society of the Gatter, which Honour she conferred on his son Thomas after his decease▪ and to be covered in her Presence, at all times and places, tending to the custome of the Grandees in the Realm of Spain. Which privi∣ledge not being very frequent in the Polit••ie of the Realm of England, I find to be recorded in these following words, viz.

Mary by the Grace of God, Queen of England, France, and Ireland, Defender of the Faith; and of the Church of England and Ireland, in earth the Supream Head; o all, to whom this present writing shall come, sendeth Greeting in our Lord everlasting. Know ye, that We do give and pardon to Our wel-beloved and trusty Cosen, and one of Our Privy Council, Henry Earl of Sussex, and Viscount Fittz∣water, Lord Egremond and Burnel, Liberty, Licence and Pardon, to wear his Cap, Coyfe, or Night-cap, or two of them at his pleasure, as well in Our presence, as in the presence of any other person, or persons within this Our Realm, or any other place of Our Dominions whatsoever, during his life; and these Our Letters shall be his sufficient Warrant in this behalf. Given under Our Sign Manuall, at Our Pal∣lace of Westminster, 2. Octob. 1 Regni.

With the like Royal gratitute, she advance the Earl of Arundel, who had deserved as well of her in the Council, as the Earl of Sussex in the Camp, to the Place or Office of Lord Steward; investing him with all those powers and pri∣viledges,

which had been form••rly exercised by the Lord Great Master▪ whom he succeeded in Authority, though not in Title. Sir Edward Hastings, who came over to her with 4000 men, she first made Master of the Horse, and Knight of the Gar••er, and afterwards Lord Chamberlain of the Houshold, and Lord Hastings of Louthborough. Sir John Williams, who had done her very good service in Buckingham and Oxford ••hires, she honoured with the Title of Lord Williams of Ja••e; of which more hereafter. Sir H••nry Jernin••ham▪ who first appeared in Norfo••k for her, she preferred to be Captain of her Guard, a••∣soon as she came unto the Crown; and toward the latter end of her Reign, Sir Thomas Thre••••••m was created Lord Prior of the Order of St Johns of Jeru∣salem, and consequently according to the old pretension, the first Baron of England. And as for her domestique servants who had suffered with her, she thought it no unfit decorum, that they should in part Reign with her also. To which end she preferred Hop••on her old Chaplain, to the See of Norwich, R••∣chester to be Comp••roller of her Houshold, Ing••••field to•• be Master of the Wards, and W••lgrave to be Master of the Wardrobe, which is suffici••nt ••o de••l••re, that she was willing to comply with all obligarion••, and not to b•• too long in debt to her greatest subjects, but much lesse to her m••nial servants▪ But in ••••gard that all these were considered for their per••onal merits, not in refe∣rence only to their zeal for the Catholick Cause, she was to shew some act of favour unto those of tha•• party, which might create a confidence in them of her good affections. To which end she made choice of Sir John Gage (a man most zealously addicted to the Church of Rome) to be Lord Chamberlain of ••••r Houshold, when she came first to the Tower, to the great satisfaction of all those of that Religion. And that she might in some mea••ure also ob••••ge the rest of her su••jects, and make the ent••ance of her Reign the more plea••••ng to them, her Coronation was accompanied with a general pardon, at the least in shew. Out of which all prisoners in the Tower, such as remained in the Fleet, together with sixty other, being excepted, and the re••trictions and pro∣viso's (with which it was in all parts clogged) being well observed, there were not many, especially of those whom it most concerned, that could create unto themselves any benefit by it.

Thus was the Civil State established on a right foundation, and the successi∣on setled most agreeably to the Laws of Nature, according to the last Will and Testament of King He••ry the 8th. and the Laws made in that behalfe. But we shall see the pillars of the Church removed, the very foundation of it shaken▪ and the whole ••abrick of Religion so demolished, that scarce one stone thereof did seem to stand upon the other; without reg••rd unto the Laws, and contrary to the will and purpose of King Edw••••d the 6th. At the Queens first entrance into London, on the thi••d of August, she disc••arged Gardin••r of the Tower, as she did B••••ner of the Marshelsey, and Bishop T••••stall from the Kings Bench within two dayes after. To make way to whose restitution to their former Sees, Bishop Ridley is removed from London, Bishop Poi••ct from Winchester, and an Act of Parli••ment p••oc••red for the restoring of the Church of Durham, to all its Lands▪ Preheminences, and Juri••dictions▪ of which it stood divested by the l••te Act of Dissolution, made in the last year of the King deceased. By the like power, was Coverdale displaced from the See of Exon, S••ory from that of Chichester▪ and Hooper dispossessed of that Jurisdiction, whi••h he held as the Commendatory of the See of Worcester; to which See, 〈◊〉〈◊〉, Day, and Heath, were again restored. The like course also followed, for the depriving of all Dea••••, D••gn••••••••••••s, and Parochial Ministers, who had succeeded into any of those pre••erments, during the Reign of the two last Kings▪ the old incumbe••ts whereof were then ••ound living, and able to supply their places. Which though it could not be objected against Dr Cox, either in r••ference to his De••nry of ••hrist Church, or that of 〈◊〉〈◊〉 (both which he held at the same time) yet being brought unto the Marshal••ey, on the 5th. of 〈◊〉〈◊〉, he was unjustly spoi••ed of both, to make room for Dr Richard

Marshall in the one, and Dt Hugh Weston in the other. And all this done without so much as any shew of legal processe, or the conventing of the per∣sons whom it did concern or any satisfaction given unto the Laws, (which in some cases favour possession more than right) so strangely violated.

But greater was the havock which was made amongst them, when there was any colour or pretence of Law, as in the case of having wives, or not confor∣ming to the Queens pleasure in all points of Religion; con••idering how for∣ward and pragmatical too many were, to run before the Laws in the like par∣ticular. The Queen was zealous in her way, and by her interesse, strongly by∣assed to the Church of Rome. But it concerned her to be wary, and not to presse too much at once upon the people, which generally were well affected to the Reformation. Of this she had a stout experiment, within very few dayes after her first entrance into London. For so it hapned, that Dr Bourn, Arch-Deacon of London, and one of the Prebends of St Paul's, preaching a Ser∣mon at the Crosse, on the 13th. of August, inveighed in favour of Bishop Bonner, who was present at it, against some proceedings in the time of the late King Edward. Which so incensed the people, that suddenly a great tumult arose upon it; some pelting him with stones, others crying out aloud, pull him down, pull him down, and one (who never could be known) flinging a dagger at his head, which after was found sticking in a post of the Pulpit. And greater had the mischief been upon this occasion, if Mr Bradford and Mr Ro∣gers, two eminent Preachers in the time of King Edward, and of great credit and esteem with the common people, had not endeavoured to appease the enraged multitude, and with great difficulty secured the Preacher in the School adjoining. By reason of which tumult, an Order was taken by the Lords of the Coun••il, with the mayor and Aldermen of London, that they calling the next day following a Common Council of the City, should thereby charge every housholder, to cause their children and Apprentices, to keep their own Pa∣rish Churches, upon the Holy dayes, and not to suffer them to attempt any thing to the violating of the common peace. Willing them also to signifie to the said Assembly, the Queens determination uttered to them by her Highnesse, the 12th. of August, in the Tower. Which was, that albeit her Grace's conscience was staid in matters of Religion; yet she gratiously meant to compel or strain other mens, otherwise than God should (as she trusted) put into their hearts a perswasion of that truth which she was in, through the opening of his word unto them, by godly, vertuous, and learned Preachers; that is to say, such Preachers only, as were to be hereafter licenced by the Queen's authority.

But yet for fear that these instructions might not edifie with the common people, Order was taken for preventing the like tumult on the Sunday fol∣lowing. At what time the Sermon was preached by Dr Watson (who after∣wards was Bishop of Lincoln, but Chaplain only at that time to the Bishop of Winchester). For whose security, not only many of the Lords of the Council, that is to say, the Lord Treasurer, the Lord Privy Seal, the Earl of Bedford, the Earl of Pembrook, the Lords, Wentworth and Rich, were severally desired to be there present; but Gerningham, Captain of the Guard, was appointed with two hundred of his stourest Yeomen, to stand round about him with their Halberts. The Mayor had also taken Order, that all the Companies in their Liveries should be present at it, which was well taken by the Queen. And because the comming of the Guard on the one side affrighted some, and the Order of the Lords above mentioned had restrained others from comming to those publick Sermons; it was commanded by the Lord Mayor, that the An∣cients of all Companies should give attendance at those Sermons for the time to come, lest otherwise the Preachers might be discouraged at the sight of so thin an Auditory. The safety of those publick Preachers being thus pro∣vided for by the Lords of the Council, there next care was, that nothing should be preached in private Churches, contrary to the Doctrine which was,

and should be ••augh•• at the Cross by them which were appointed to it. Whereupon it was further Ordered, that every Alderman in his Ward, should forthwith send for the Curates of every Church within their Liberties, and warn them not only to forbear preaching themselves; but also not to suffer any other to preach, or make any open or solemn reading of Scripture in their Churches, unless the said Preachers were severally licensed by the Queen. To which purpose Letters were directed also to the Bishop of Norwich, and possi∣bly to all other Bishops in their several Diocesses. But nothing more disco∣vers the true state and temper of the present time, than a Proclamation pub∣lished by the Queen, on the 18th. of August. The Tenor of which is as fol∣loweth.

The Queen's Highnesse well remembring what great inconvenience and dangers, have grown to this her Rea••m in times•• past, through the diversities of opinions in Questions of Religion; and hearing also that now of late, sithence the beginning of her most gratious Reign, the same contentions be again much revived, through cer∣tain false and untrue reports, and rumo••rs spread by some evil-disposed persons, hath thought good to give to understand to all Her Highnesse's most loving subjects, her most grrtious pleasure in manner following.

First, Her Majesty being presently by the only goodness of God, setled in her just possession of the Imperial Crown of this Realm, and other Dominions thereunto belon∣ging, cannot now hide that Religion, which God and the world knoweth she hath ever pro••essed from her infancy hitherto. Which at her Majesty is minded to observe and maintain for her self by God's grace, during her time; so doth her Highness much desire, and would be glad the some were of all her subjects quietly and charitably en∣tertain'd.

And yet she doth signifie unto all her Majestie's loving subjects, that of Her most gratious disposition and clemency, Her Highness mindeth not to ••ompel any Her said subjects thereunto, until such time as further Order by common assent may be ta∣ken therein: Forbidding nevertheless all her subjects, of all degrees, at their perils, to move seditions, or stir unquietness in her people, by interpreting the Laws of this Realm, after their brains and fantasies, but quietly to continue for the time, till (〈◊〉〈◊〉 before is said) further Order may be taken, and therefore willeth, and str••ightly chargeth and commondeth, all her good loving subjects, to live together in quiet sort, and Christian Charity, leaving those new found devilish terms, of Papist and Heretick, and such like; and applying their whole care, study and travail, to live in the fear of God, exercising their conversations in such charitable and Godly doing, as their lives may indeed express the great hunger and thirst of God's glory▪ which by rash talk and words, many have pretended: And in so doing, they shall best please God, and live without danger of the Laws, and maintain the tranquility of the Realm. Whereof as her highness shall be most glad, so if any man shall rashly pre∣sume to make any assemblies of people, or at any publick, assemblies, or otherwise, shall go about to stir the people to disorder or disquiet, she mandeth according to her duty, to see the same most severely reformed and punished, according to her High∣nese's Lawes.

And furthermore, for asmuch as it is well known, that sedition and false rumours have been nourished and maintained in this Real••, by the subtilty and malice of some evil-disposed persons, which take upon them without sufficient authority, to preach and to interpret the word of God, after their own brains, in Churches, and other pla∣ces, both publick and private, and also by playing of Interludes, and Printing of false fond Books, and Ballads, Rimes, and other lewd Treatises in the English Tongue, con∣teining Doctrine in matter now in question, and controversies touching the high points and mysteries in Christian Religion; which Books, Ballads, Rimes, and Treatises, are chiefly by the Printers and Stationers, set out to sale to her Graces sub∣jects, of an evil zeal for lucre and covetousnesse of vile gain: Her Highnesse there∣fore streightly chargeth and commandeth all and every of her said subjects, of what∣soever state, condition, or degree they be, that none of them presume from hence∣forth,

to preach, or by way of reading in Ch••rches, or other publick or pr••vate places, except in Schools of the University, to interpret or teach any Scriptures, or any man∣ner of points of Doctrine concerning Religion. Neither also to Print any Bo••k, Mat••er, Ballad, Rime, Enterlude, Processe or Treatise, nor to play any Enterlude, except they have her Graces special Licence in writing for the same, upon pain to incur her Highnesse indignation and displeasure.

It cannot be denied▪ but that this Proclamation was very cautiously and cunningly penned; giving encouragement enough to those which had a mind to outrun the Law, or otherwise to conform themselves to the Queen's Reli∣gion, to follow their own course therein, without dread or danger; and yet commanding nothing contrary to the Lawes established, which might give trouble or offence to the other party. For hereupon many of the people shew∣ed themselves so ready for receiving their old Religion, that in many places of the Realm, before any Law was made for the same, they erected again their Altars, and used the Masse, and Latin Service, in such sort as was wont to be in King Henry's time. Which was so well taken by the Queen, that all such as stood upon the Lawes which were made to the contrary before, had a m••••k of displeasure set upon them. Which being observed by some of the Clergy, they were as forward as the rest, in setting up the Pageants of St Catherine, and St Nicholas, formerly erected in the Chancels, and to set forth their Processions, (which they celebrated in the Latin tounge) with their old solemnities, con∣trary to the Lawes and Ordinances of King Edward's time. All which irregu∣lar activities in the Priest and People, were sheltred under the name of setting forward the Queens proceedings. And by that name the official of the Arch-Deacon of Ely, gave it in charge amongst the Articles of his visitation, that the Church Wardens should present all such as did disturb the Queen's proceedings, in letting the Latin Service, setting up of Altars, saying of Mass, &c. But more particularly at Cambridge, the Vicechancellor, challenged one Pierson, on the 3d. of October, for officiating the communion in his own Parish Church, in the English tounge; and on the 26. displaced Dr Madew, Master of Clare Hall, for being maried, though they had both as much authority on their side, as the Lawes could give them. In like manner some of the Popish party in King's Colledge (not tarrying the making of any Law) on the 28th. of the same, officia∣ted the Divine Service in the Latin tounge; and on the 6th. of November then next following, a Sermon is preached openly at St Michaels, contrary to the Lawes in that behalf, not as then repealed. Not altogether so eager on the scent at Oxon, as they were at Cambridge, though with more difficulty brought at first to the Reformation. Only it pleased Dr Tresham, one of the Canons of Christ Church, of the last foundation, to cause the great bell there to be new cast, and christned by the name of Mary; much comforting himself with the melodious found thereof, when it toll'd to Mass; which Marshall the new Dean, by his help and counsel, had again restored.

But these were only the Essays of those alterations, which generally were intended in all parts of the Church, assoon as the times were ripe for them, and the people fitted to receive them; in order whereunto, it was not thought sufficient to displace the Bishop••, and silence the Old Protestant Preachers al∣so unless they brought them under some exemplary punishment, that others might be terrified from the outward profession of that truth, out of which they could not be disputed. Of Ridley's being brought prisoner to the Tower, and of Coxe's committing to the Marshal••ey, we have spoke before. On the 22d. of August Letters are sent from the Lords of the Council, commanding Bishop Coverdale, and Bishop Hooper, to appear before them. By whom (after two or three appearances) committed to their several Prisons; the one reserved for the stake, the other sent upon request to the King of Denmark. On the 5th. of September, the like Letters are dispatched to old Bishop Latimer, committed close prisoner to the Tower, on the 8th. day after; followed the next morning

by Archbishop ••ranme••, whose Story doth require a more particular account, of which more anon. Harley of Here••ord (to which he had been con••ecrated in May foregoing) and ••aylor of Lincoln, another of the l••••t of King Edward's Bishops, were present at the opening of the Parliament on the 10th of October. But no sooner was the Mass began (though not then resto••ed by any Law) than they left the Church. For which the Bishop of Lincoln being first examined, and making profession of his Faith, prevented the malice of his enemies by a timely death. And Harley upon information of his marriage, was presently ex••luded from the Parliament House, and not long after from his B••shop••ick also. Which being observed by Bishop Barlow of Wells, and Scory of Chi••h••ster, they withdrew themselves beyond the Seas; followed not long after by Bishop Point of Winchester. But Barlow made not so mu••h haste, as not to be com∣mitted to the Fle••t, by the Lords of the Council, from whence upon some satisfaction given to the Lord Chancellor Gardiner, by his discreet and mo∣derate Answers, he was not long after set at liberty, and so crossed the seas; resolved to trust himself no more ••o a second hazard, having with so much diffi∣culty escaped the first. How it succeeded with the rest, we shall see hereafter. Upon which smiting of the Shepherds, it is not to be wondred at, i•• their flo••ks 〈◊〉〈◊〉 s••attered.

Now as concerning the Archbishop, the substance of his story is briefly ••his. He had been a chief instrument in King Henry's time, of setting forward the divorce; and in King Edward's, of advancing the Reformation The Queen conceived hereupon such a high displeasure (It had been malice in another) against the man, that nothing but his death could appease the same. His death is therefore fully resolved upon, by Gardiner, Banner, and the rest of the Popish Prelates. Of which the first had p••osecuted the Divorce as far as any; and the second was as forward as the best in the Reformation, as long as Cromwel lived to perfer and countenance him. But their standings out, and sufferings for it in King Edward's time were thought sufficient explations for their former errors, when the good Offices which Cranmer had done for her in her Fathers ti••e, were worn out of memory. Die then he must; but by what law he was to die, proved a knot more difficult, than could be speedily untied. It was ad∣vised to charge him with High Treason, as being privy to the plot of the Duke of Northumberland, for excluding the Queen from the succession. But against this it was objected, that he was the last of the Council who subseribed unto it; and that the Council would be wary of making that a Capital offence in him, of which they were all equally guilty. In the next place it was propounded, to proceed against him in case of Heresie, that being the most likely way to con∣tent the P••pe, whose favour was to be procured by all means immaginable. But the worst was, that the Statutes made in the time of King Richard 2d. and King Henry 4th. for putting Hereticks to death, had been abrogated in the time of king Henry 8th. as that of the six Articles, more terrible than either of the other two had been, repealed by the late King Edward the 6th. No better course therefore, than to find some occasion for laying him up in some safe pri∣son; and when they had him there, to proceed against him as time and oppor∣tunity should administer some fit matter for it.

About this time a bruit was raised, that Cranmer to ingratiate himself with the Queen, had promised to celebrate the Exequies of the deceased King, ac∣cording to the Rom••sh manner. To clear himself of which reproach, he drew up a Manifest, declaring in the same, that he was ready to maintain the Arti∣cles of Religion, set forth by his procurement in the time of King Edward, to be consonant to the word of God, the Doctrine of the Apostles, and the pra∣ctice of the best and p••rest times. These papers lying in the window in his pri∣vate chamber, were seen and liked by Bishop Scory, by whom they were tran∣scribed and communicated to many others. Coming at last unto the know∣ledge of the Council, the Archbishop is commanded to appear before them. Interrogated about the papers, and prompted by Bishop Heath, who was then

amongst them, to let them know whether he were not sorry for it. To which the Archbishop made reply, that as he did not deny himself to be the author of those papers, so he must needs confesse himself to be sorry that they went from him in such sort as they did. For I had purposed, saith he, to set out the Manifest in a more large and ample manner; and to have it set upon St Paul's door, and the doors of all the Churches in London, with my own Seal affix∣ed unto it. Upon which stout and honest answer, they thought fit to dismiss him for the present: it being conceived by some of the more moderate spirits, that it would be punishment enough to deprive him only of his Bishoprick, and to assign him sufficient maintenance upon the exhibiting of a true Inven∣tory of his whole estate, with a commandment to keep his house without medling in matters of Religion. But those who better understood the mind of the Queen, so ordered it, that on the 14th. of September, he was sent to the Tower, where he remained prisoner till the 3d. of November. At what time he was arraigned in the Guild Hall of London, together with the Lord Guilford Dadley, the late Queen Jane his wife, and others; all of them being attainted and condemned of Treason, as before was said. And he lay under this attain∣ture till the year next following, when the old Statutes for putting Hereticks to death, were revived in Parliament. Which having furnished his adversaries with a better ground to proceed upon, to the contentment of the Pope and the Queen together, they waved the prosecuting of the Attaindure, to an Execution, and wholly fixed themselves on the point of Heresie. At the hearing whereof, he was right well pleased, because the case was not now his own, but Christs; not the Queens, but the Churches.

The severity of this beginning against the Natives, gave a sufficient warning to all such strangers, who had tool sanctuary here in the time of King Edward, to provide betimes for their departure. Amongst whom, none more openly aimed at than Peter Mar••yr, because none of them had given wider wounds than he to the Catholick Cause. Tresham, a senior Canon of Christ Church, had held some points against him at his first coming thither; and now he took the benefit of the times, in causing both that house, and many others in the University, to put some publick scorn upon him. Not finding any safety there, he retires to Lambeth, where he was sure of as much safety as that place could give him. A consultation had been held by some of the more fiery spirits, for his com∣mitment unto prison. But he came hither (as it was well known) on the pub∣lick Faith, which was not to be violated for the satisfaction of some private persons. It was thought fit therefore to discharge him all further imploy∣ment, and to licence him to depart in peace, none being more forward to fur∣nish him with all things necessary for his going hence, than the new Lord Chancellor; whether in honour to his Learning, or out of a desire to send him packing, shall not now be questioned. But less humanity was shewed unto him in his wife, whose body having been buried in the Church of St Frideswide, was afterwards by publick order taken out of the grave, and buried in a com∣mon dunghil. About the same time also such strangers as were gathered toge∣ther into the Church of John Alasco, not only were necessitated to forbear their meetings, but to dissolve their Congregation, and to quit the Countrey. Such a displeasure was conceived against them, by those which governed the affairs, that it was no small difficulty for them to get leave for their departure; and glad they were to take the opportunity of two Danish ships, and to put themselves to sea in the beginning of winter, fearing more storms in England, than upon the Ocean. And so farwel to John Alasco. It was an ill wind which brought him hit her, and worse he could not have for his going back. The like haste made the French Protestants also. And that they might have no pretence for a long stay, command was sent unto the Mayor of Rie and D••ver, on the 16th. of September, to suffer all French Protestants to cross the seas, ex∣cept such only, whose names should be signified unto them by the French Am∣bassadors. But notwithstanding these removes, many, both Dutch and French,

remained still in the Kingdom, some of which being after found in Wiat's Army, occasioned the banishing of all the rest, except Denizens and Mer∣chants only, by a publick Edict. At which time many of the English depar∣ted also, as well Students as others, to the number of 300. or thereabouts; hoping to find that freedome and protection in a forein Country, which was denied them in their own. The principal of those which put themselves into this voluntary exile, were, Katherine, the last wife of Charls Brandon Duke of Suffo••k, Robert Bertye, Esquire, husband to the Dutchess; the Bishops of Winchester and Wells, Sir Richard Morison, Sir Anthony Cook, and Sir John Cheek, Dr Cox, Dr Sanays, and Dr Grindall, and divers others, of whom we shall hear more hereafter on another occasion.

Of all these things, they neither were, not could be ignorant in the Court of Rome, to which the death of Edward had been swiftly posted on the wings of fame. The newes of the succession of Queen Mary, staid not long behind, so much more welcome to Pope Julius 3d. who then held that See, because it gave him some assurance of his re-admission into the power and jurisdiction of his predecessors in the Realm of England. For what less was to be expected, considering that she was brought up in the Catholick Religion, interessed in the respects of her mother, and Cosen in the first degree unto Charles the Em∣perour? In the pursuance of which hopes, it was resolved that Cardinal Pole should be sent Legate into England, who being of the Royal blood, a man of eminent learning, and exemplary life, was looked on as the fittest instrument to reduce that Kingdome. The Cardinal well knowing that he stood attainted by the Lawes of the Land, and that the name of Henry was still preserved in estimation amongst the people; thought it not safe to venture thither, before he fully understood the state of things. He therefore secretly dispatcheth Com∣mendonius, a right trusty Minister, by whom he writes a private Letter to the Queen. In which commending first her perseverance in Religion in the time of her troubles, he exhorteth her to a continuance in it in the days of her happiness. He recommended also to her, the salvation of the souls of her people, and the restitution of the true worship of God. Commendonius, having diligent∣ly inform'd himself of all particulars, found means of speaking with the Queen. By whom he understood not only her own good affections to the See Aposto∣lick; but that she was resolved to use her best endeavours for re-establishing the Religion of the Church of Rome in all her Kingdomes. Which being made known unto the Cardinal, he puts himself into the voyage. The newes where∣of being brought to Charls (who had his own design apart from that of the Pope) he signified by Dandino, the Pope's Nuncio with him; that an Aposto∣lick Legate could not be sent into England as affairs then stood, either with safety to himself, or honour to the Church of Rome; and therefore that he might do well to defer the journy, till the English might be brought to a better temper.

But the Queen knowing nothing of this stop, and being full of expectation of the Cardinals coming, had called a Parliament to begin on the 10th. of October. In which she made it her first Act, to take away all Statutes passed by the two last Kings, wherein certain offences had been made High Treason, and others brought within the compass of a Premunire. And this she did, especially for Pole's security, that neither he by exercising his Authority, nor the Clergy by submitting to it, might be intangled in the like snares, in which Cardinal Wolsie, and the whole Clergy of his time had before been caught. It was designed also to rescind all former Statutes which had been made by the said two Kings against the jurisdiction of the Pope, the Doctrine and Religion of the Church of Rome, and to reduce all matters Ecclesiastical to the same estate, in which they stood in the beginning of the Reign of the King her Father. But this was looked upon by others as too great an enterprise to be attempted by a wo∣man, especially in a green estate, and amongst people sensible of those many be∣nefits, which they enjoyed by shaking off their former vassalage to a forein

power. It was advised therefore to proceed no further at the present, than to repeal all Acts and Statutes which had been made in derogation to the Doctrine of the Church of Rome in the time of her brother; which being passed in his minority, when all affairs were carried by faction and strong hand, contrary to the judgement of the best and soundest part of the Clergy and Laity, might give a just pretence for their abrogation, till all particulars might be conside∣red and debated in a lawful Synod. According to which temperament, the point was carried, and the Act pass'd no higher than for Repea••ing certain Sta∣tutes of the time of King Edward; by which one blow she felled down all which had been done in the Reformation in seven years before.

For by this Act, they took away all former Statutes for Administring the Communion in both kinds; for establishing the first and second Liturgie; for confirming the new Ordinal, or form of consecrating Archbishops and Bi∣shops, &c. for abrogating certain Fasts and Feastivals which had been for∣merly observed; for authorizing the marriage of Priests, and Legitimation of their children; not to say any thing of that Statute (as not worth the naming) for making Bishops by the King's Letters Patents, and exercising their Episco∣pal jurisdiction in the King's name only. So that upon the matter, not only all things were reduced to the same estate in which they stood at Edward's com∣ing to the Crown, but all those Bishops and Priests which had maried by au∣thority of the former Statutes▪ were made uncanonical, and consequently ob∣noxious to a deprivation. So that for want of Canonical Ordination on the one side, and under colour of uncanonical Mariages on the other, we shall presently find such a general remove amongst the Bishops and Clergy, as is not any where to be parallel'd in so short a time. And because some affronts had been lately offered to such Priests as had been forward in setting up the Mass in their several Churches, and that no small danger was incurred by Dr Bourn above mentioned, for a Sermon preached at St Paul's Cross; an Act was pas∣sed for the preventing of the like for the time to come, Entituled An Act against offenders of Preachers, and other Ministers, in the Church. Which two Acts were no sooner passed, but they were seconded by the Queen with two Proclamations on the 5th. of December. By one of which it was declared, That all Statutes made in the time of the late King Edward, which concerned Religion, were repealed by Parliament; and therefore that the Mass should be said as formerly, to begin on the 20th of that month: And by the other it was commanded, that no manner of person from thenceforth, should dare to disturb the Priests in saying Mass, or executing any other divine Office, under the pains and penalties therein contained. According unto which appointment, the Mass was publickly officiated in all parts of the Kingdome, and so conti∣nued during the Reign of this Queen, without interruption.

There also past another Act, wherein it was Enacted, That the mariage be∣tween King Henry the 8th. and Queen Katherine his first wife, should be defi∣nitively, cleerly, and absolutely declared, deemed, adjudged to be, and stand with God's Laws, and his most Holy word, and to be accepted, reputed and taken of good effect and validity to all intents and purposes whatsoever; that the Decree or Sentence of Divorce heretofore passed between the said King Henry the 8th, and the said Queen, by Thomas Cranmer Archbishop of Canterbury, should be deemed, taken, and reputed to be void and null; with a repeal of all such Statutes or Acts of Parliament, in which the Queen had been declared to be illegitimate. The making of which Act, as it did much conduce to the establishment of the Queen's estate; so did it tacitly and implicitly ac∣knowlege the supremacy to be in the Pope of Rome, which could not be attain∣ed explicitly and in terms expresse, as affairs then stood. For since the mariage neither was nor could be reputed valid, but by the dispensation of Pope Julius the 2d. the declaration of the goodness and validity of it, did consequently in∣fer the Popes authority▪ from which that dispensation issued. And therefore it was well observed by the Author of the History of the Council of Trent, that it

seemed ridiculous in the English Nobility, to oppose the restitution of the Popes supremacy, when it was propounded to them by the Queen in the fol∣lowing Session; considering that the yielding to this demand was virtually con∣tained in their assent to the Mariage. There also past another Act, in which there was a clause for the invalidating of all such Commissions, as had been granted in the time of the late Queen Jane; and one in confirmation of the attainders of the late Duke of Northumberland, Thomas Archbishop of Canterbury, &c. Which shews, that there was somewhat in the said proceedings not so cleer in Law, but that there seem'd necessity of calling in the Legislative power to confirm the same, for the indempnity of those who had acted in them. Toge∣ther with this Parliament, the Queen was pleased to summon a Convocation, to the end that all matters of Religion might be first debated and concluded in a Synodical way, before they were offered to the consideration of the other Assembly. In the writs of which summons, she retained the Title of Supream Head on earth of the Church of England, &c. the want whereof in those of the present Parliament, occasioned a dispute amongst some of the members, Whether they might lawfully proceed or not, in such publick businesses as were to be propounded to them in that Session. Archbishop Cranmer had been be∣fore imprisoned in the Tower of London, and was detained there all the time of this Convocation, so that he could not do that service to God and the Church, which his place required. This took for a sufficient ground to trans∣far the Presidentship of the Convocation upon Bonner of London, privileged in respect of his See, to preside in all such Provincial Synods, which were either held during the vacancy of the See of Canterbury, or in the necessary absence of the Metropolitan. The lower house of the Clergy also, was fitted with a Prolocutor, of the same affections, Dr Hugh Weston, then newly substituted Dean of Westminster in the place of Cox, being elected to that Office. On Wednesday the 18th. of October, it was signified by the Prolocutor, that it was the Queens pleasure, that they of the House should debate of matters of Reli∣gion, and proceed to the making of such constitutions as should be found ne∣cessary in that case. But there was no equality in number between the par∣ties, and reason was of no authority where the major part had formerly resol∣ved upon the points. So partially had the elections been returned from the several Diocesses, that we find none of King Edward's Clergy amongst the Clerks; and such an alteration had been made in the Deans and Dignitaries, that we find but six of that ranck neither to have suffrage in it, that is to say, James Haddon Dean of Exeter, Walter Philips Dean of Rochester, John Philpot Arch Deacon of Winchester, John Elmer Arch Deacon of Stow, in the Diocess of Lincoln, Richard Cheny Arch Deacon of Hereford. One more I find, but with∣out any name, in the Acts and Mon▪ who joined himself to the other five in the disputation. Nor would the Prolocutor admit of more, though earnestly desired by Philpot, that some of the Divines which had the passing of the Book of Articles in King Edward's time, might be associated with them in the defence thereof.

Which motion he the rather made, because one of the points proposed by the Prolocutor, related to a Catechism set forth in the said Kings time, intitu∣led to the said Convocation in the year 1552. Of which it was to be enqui∣red, whether or no it was the work of that Convocation. But that matter be∣ing passed lightly over, the main point in debate concerned the manner of

Christs presence in the blessed Sacrament. It was not denied by Philpot, and the rest of the Protestant party, that Christ was present in his Sacrament, rightly ministred according to his institution, but only that he was not pre∣sent after the gross and carnal manner, which they of the Popish party had before subscribed to.

Six days the disputation lasted, but to little purpose; for on the one side it was said by Weston and his associates, that their adversa∣ries were sufficiently confuted, and all their Arguments fully answered. And on the other side it was affirmed by the Divines of King Edward's time, that

neither any satisfaction had been given to their Arguments, nor that any right judgement could be made in the points disputed, where the adverse party late as Judges in their own concernments. Many checks had been given by Weston to the ••ix Divines, but especially to the Arch-Deacon of Winchester; and there was much disorder otherwise in the disputation (though certain great Lords were present at it) which hindered it from producing any good effect. So that being weary at the last of their own confusions, it was thought fit to put an end to the dispute. Which Weston did accordingly in these following words. It is not (saith he) the Queens pleasure that we should spend any longer time in these debates, and ye are well enough already, For you (saith he) have the Word, and we have the Sword. So powerful is the truth, that may times it will find some means to vent it self, when we least intend it, and sometimes also when we most labour to suppress it.

The Parliament and Convocation had thus concluded on the point, and lit∣tle question would be made, but that such Bishops as disliked the alterations in the time of King Edward, will be sufficiently active in advancing the re∣sults of both. But Bonner will not stay so long; he is resolved to go along with the Parliament, if not before it. For after the ending of the Even song on St. Katherine's day, before the consultations of the Parliament had been confirmed by the Royal assent, he caused the Quire of St. Paul's to go about the steeple, singing with lights after the old custome. And on St Andrew's day next following, he began the Procession in Latine, himself, with many Parsons and Curates, and the whole Quire, together with the Lord Mayor, and divers of the Aldermen, the Prebends of the Church attired in their old gray Amises (as they used to call them) in which manner they continued it for three dayes after. In setting up the Mass, with all the Pomps and Rites there∣of at the time appointed, it is not to be thought that he could be backward, who shewed himself so forward in the rest of his actings. And therefore it can be no news to hear that on the 14th. of January, he restored the solemn Sun∣days Procession about the Church, with the Mayor and Aldermen in their Clokes; the Preacher taking his benediction in the midst of the Church, ac∣cording to the ancient custome; or that he should send out his Mandates to all Parsons and Curates within his Diocess, for taking the names of all such as would not come the Lent following to Auricular confession, and receive at Easter; or finally, that he should issue out the like commands to all Priests and Curates, which lived within the compass of his jurisdiction, for the abo∣lishing of such Paintings and Sentences of holy Scripture, as had been pensiled on the Church walls, in King Edward's dayes. He knew full well, that as the actions of the Mother Church would easily become exemplary to the rest of the City, so the proceedings of that City, and the parts about it, would in time give the law to the rest of the Kingdom; and that there was no speedier way to advance a general conformity over all the Kingdom, than to take begin∣ning at the head, from whence both sence and motion is derived to the rest of the body. Which makes it seem the greater wonder, that he should be so back∣ward in advancing Images (if at the least his actings in that kind have not been misplaced) as not to go about it till the year next following; unless it were that he began to be so wise as to stay until the Queen's affairs were better set∣led. But no sooner was her marriage past, when we find him at it. For having by that time prepared a fair and large Image of our Saviour, which they called the Rood, he caused it to be laid along upon the pavement of St Paul's Quire, and all the doors of the Church to be kept close shut, whilst he together with the Prebends, sung and said divers prayers by it. Which done, they anointed it with oyl in divers places, and after the anointing of it, crept unto it, and kissed it, and after weighed it up, and set it in its accustomed place; the whole quire in the mean time singing Te Deum, and the bels publishing their joy at the end of the Pageant. After which a command is given to Dr Story (who was then Chancellor of his Diocess, and afterwards a most active instrument in

all his butcheries) to visit every Parish Church in London and Middlesex, to see their Rood lo••ts repaired, and the Images of the Crucifix with Mary and John to be placed on them.

But it is time that we return to the former Parliament; during the sitting whereof, the Queen had been desired to mary, and three husbands had been nominated of several qualities, that she might please her self in the choice of one. That is to say, Edward Lord Courtney, whom she had lately restored to the Title of Earl of Devon, Reginald Pole, a Cardinal of the Church of Rome, descended from George Duke of Clarence; and Philip the eldest son of Charles the Emperour. It is affirmed, that she had carried some good affections to the Earl of Devonshire, ever since she first saw him in the Tower, as being of a lovely personage and Royal extraction, the Grandson of a Daughter of King Edward the 4th. But he being sounded afar off▪ had declined the matter. Con∣cerning which there goes a story, that the young Earl pe••itioning her for leave to travel, she advised him to mary and stay at home, assuring him that no Lady in the land how high soever, would refuse to accept him for an husband. By which words though she pointed out her self unto him, as plainly as might ei∣ther stand with the Modesty or Majesty of a Maiden Queen; Yet the young Gentleman not daring to look so high as a Crown, or being better affected to the person of the Princess Elizabeth, desired the Queen to give him leave to mary her sister. Which gave the Queen so much displeasure, that she looked with an evil eye upon them both for ever after; upon the Earl for not accept∣ing that love which she seemed to offer, and on her sister as her Rival in the Earls affections. It was supposed also, that she might have some inclinations to Cardinal Pole, as having been brought up with him in the house of his Mo∣ther, the late Countess of Salisbury. But against him it was objected, that he began to grow in years, and was so given unto his book, that he seemed fitter for a Coul than to wear a Crown; that he had few dependances at home, and fewer alliances abroad; and that the Queen's affairs did require a man both stout and active, well back'd with friends, and able at all points to carry on the great concernments of the Kingdom. And then what fitter husband ••ould be found out for her, than Philip Prince of Spain? A Prince in the verdure of his years, and eldest son to the most Mighty Emperour, Charles the 5th. by whom the Netherlands being laid to England, and both secured by the assistance and power of Spain, this nation might be render'd more considerable both by sea and land, than any people in the world.

To this last Match the Queen was carefully sollicited by the Bishop of Winchester, who neither loved the person of Pole, nor desired his company, for fear of growing less in power and reputation, by coming under the command of a Cardinal Legate. To which end he encouraged Charles the Emperour to go on with this mariage for his son; not without some secret intimation on his Advice, for not suffering Pole to come into England (if he were suffered to come at all) till the Treaty were concluded, and the Match agreed on. Ac∣cording whereunto▪ the Lord Lamoralle Earl of Edgmond, Charles Earl of La∣lain, and John 〈◊〉〈◊〉 Mount Morency, Earl of Horn, arrived in England as Ambassa∣dors from the Emperour. In the beginning of January they began to treat upon the mariage, which they found so well prepared before their coming, that in short time it was accorded upon these conditions.

1. That it should be lawful for Philip to assume the Title of all the Kingdoms and Pro∣vinces belonging to his wife, and should be joint Governour with her over those Kingdoms; the Privileges and Customes thereof always preserved inviolate, and the full and free distribution of Bishopricks, Benefices, Fa∣vours and Offices, alwayes remaining intire in the Queen. 2. That the Queen should also carry the Titles of all those Realms, into which Philip either then was, or should be afterwards invested. 3. That if the Queen sur∣vived Philip, 60 thousand pounds per annum should be assigned to her for her joynture, as had been formerly assigned to the Lady Margaret, Sister to

King Edward the 4th. and Wife to Charles Duke of Burgundy. 4. That the Is∣sue begotten by this mariage, should succeed in all the Queens Dominions, as also in the Dukedom and County of Burgundy, and all those Provinces in the Neatherlands, of which the Emperour was possessed. 5. That if none but daughters should proceed from this mariage, the eldest should succeed in all the said Provinces of the Neatherlands, provided that by the Counsel and consent of Charles (the son of Philip, by Mary of Portugal his first wife) she should make choice of a husband out of England or the Neatherlands, or o∣therwise to be deprived of her right in the succession in the said estates, and Charles to be invested in them; and in that cafe convenient portions to be made for her and the rest of the daughters. 6. And finally, That if the said Charles should depart this life without lawful issue, that then the Heir surviving of this mariage, though female only, should succeed in all the King∣doms of Spain, together with all the Dominions and Estates of Italy there∣unto belonging.

Conditions fair and large enough, and more to the advan∣tage of the Realm of England, than the Crown of Spain.

But so it was not understood by the generality of the people of England, ma∣ny of which out of a restless disposition, or otherwise desirous to restore the reformed Religion, had caused it to be noised abroad, that the Spaniards were by this accord, to become the absolute Lords of all the Kingdom; that they were to have the managing of all affairs; and that abolishing all the ancient Laws of the Realm, they would impose upon the land a most intolerable yoke of servitude, as a conquered Nation. Which either being certainly known, or probably suspected by the Queen and the Council, it was thought fit that the Lord Chancelor should make a true and perfect declaration of all the points of the Agreement, not only in the Presence Chamber to such Lords and Gen∣tlemen as were at that time about the Court and the City of London; but also to the Lord Mayor and Aldermen, and certain of the chief Commoners of that City, purposely sent for to the Court upon the occasion: Which services he perform'd on the 14th▪ and 15th. days of January. And having summarily reported all the Articles of the capitulation, he shewed unto them how much they were bound to thank God, That such a Noble, Worthy, and Famous Prince, would vonchsafe so to humble himself, as in this mariage to take upon him rather as a subject than otherwise. Considering that the Queen and her Council were to Rule and Govern all things as they did before; and that none of the Spaniards or other strangers, were to be of the Council, nor to have the custody of any Castles, Forts, &c. nor to have any office in the Queen's house, or elsewhere throughout the Kingdom. In which respect it was the Queens request to the Lords and Gen∣tlemen, That for her sake they would most lovingly receive the said Prince with ••oy and honour: and to the Lord Mayor and the Citizens, That they would behave themselves to be good subjects with all humility and rejoycing.

Which declaration notwithstanding, the subjects were not easily satisfied in those fears and jealousies, which cunningly had been infused into them by some popular spirits, who greedily affected a change of Government; and to that end sowed divers other discontents amongst the people. To some they secretly complained,

That the Queen had broke her promise to the Suffolk men, in suppressing the Religion setled by King Edward the 6th. to others▪ That the mariage with the Prince of Spain, was but the introduction to a se∣cond vassalage to the Popes of Rome; sometimes they pitied the calamity of the Lady Jane, not only forcibly deposed, but barbarously condemned to a cruel death; and sometimes magnified the eminent vertues of the Princess Elizabeth, as the only blessing of the Kingdom;

and by those Articles, pre∣pared the people in most places for the act of Rebellion. And that it might succeed the better, nothing must be pretended but the preservation and de∣fence of their Civil Liberties, which they knew was generally like to take both with Papists and Protestants; but so that they had many engines to draw such others to the side, as either were considerable for power or quality. The

Duke of Suffolk was hooked in, upon the promise of re-establishing his daugh∣ter in the Royal throne; the Carews, and other Gentlemen of Devonshire, upon assurance of marying the Lord Courtney to the Princess Elizabeth, and setting the Crown upon their heads; and all they that wished well to the Reforma∣tion, upon the like hopes of restoring that Religion which had been setled by the care and piety of the good King Edward, but now suppressed, contrary to all faith the promise, by the Quee•• and her Ministers. By means of which suggestions and subtil practices, the contagion was so generally diffused over all the Kingdom, that if it had not accidently broke out before the time ap∣pointed by them, it was conceived by many wise and knowing men, that the danger might have proved far greater, the disease incurable.

For so it hapned, that the Carews conceiving that the deferring of the exe∣cution of the plot thus laid, might prove destructive to that cause, or other∣wise fatally thrust on by their own ill destiny, began to leavy men in Cornwal, which could not be so closely carried, but that their purpose was discovered, and the chief of them forced to flye the Kingdom. The news whereof gave such an allarum to the confederates, that they shewed themselves in several places before the people were prepared and made ready for them. Insomuch, that the Duke of Suffolk, together with the Lord Thomas Gray, and the Lord Leonard Gray, having made Proclamation in divers places on the 25th. of that month, against the Queens intended mariage with the Prince of Spain, and finding that the people came not in so fast unto them as they did expect, were forced to dismiss their slender company, and shift for themselves, upon the first news that the Earl of Huntington was coming toward them with 300 horse. An action very unfortunate to himself and to all his family. For first, The Queen finding that she was to expect no peace or quiet as long as the Lady Jane was suffered to remain alive, caused her and the Lord Guilford Dudley, to be openly executed on the 12th. of February then next following. His daughter Katherine ••ormerly maried to Henry Lord Herbert, eldest son to the Earl of Pembrook, (but the mariage by reason of her tender years, not coming unto a Consummation by carnal knowlege) was by him repudiated and cast off, and a mariage presently made betwixt him and another Katherine, a daughter of George Earl of Shrewsbury. His brothers, John and Thomas, committed priso∣ners to the Tower; of which two, Thomas suffered death about two months after. And for himself, being compelled to hide his head in the house of one Underwood, whom he had preferred unto the keeping of one of his Parks, he was by him most basely and treacherously betrayed to the said Earl of Huntington, on the 11th. of February. Arrained on the 17th. of the same month, and be∣headed on the 23d.

Nor fared it better with the rest, though they of Kent, conducted by Sir Thomas Wiat (the chief contriver of the plot) were suddenly grown conside∣rable for their number, and quickly formidable for their power. The newes of whose rising being swiftly posted to the Court, the Duke of Norfolk was appointed to go against him, attended with few more than the Queen's ordi∣nary Guards, and followed by 500 Londoners newly raised, and sent by water to Graves End, under the charge of Captain Alexander Bret. With which few forces he intended to assault the Rebels, who had put themselves into Roche∣ster Castle, and fortified the bridge with some pieces of Canon. But being ready to fall on, Bret with his Londoners fell off to Wiat, and so necessitated the old Duke to return to London in great haste, accompanied by the Earl of Arundel and Sir Henry Gerningham, with some few of their horse, leaving their foot, eight pieces of Canon, and all their ammunition belonging to them, in the power of the enemy. This brings the Queen to the Guild Hall in Lon∣don, on the first of February, where she finds the Lord Mayor, the Aldermen, and many of the chief Citizens in their several Liveries. To whom she signified,

That she never did intend to marry, but on such conditions, as in the judge∣ment of her Council should be found honourable to the Realm, and profita∣ble

ble to her subjects; that therefore they should give no credit to those many calumnies, which Wiat and his accomplices, who according to the guise of Rebels, had purposely dispersed to defame both her and her government; but rather that they should contribute their best assistance for the suppressing of those, who contrary to their duty, were in arms against her.

And though she had as good as she brought, that is to say, fair promises for her gracious words; yet understanding that many in the City held intelligence with the Kentish Rebels, she appointed the Lord William Howard (whom afterwards she crea∣ted Lord Howard of Effingham) to be Lieutenant of the City, and Pembrook General of the field. The event shewed that she followed that Counsel which proved best for her preservation. For had she trusted to the City, she had been betrayed.

Incouraged with his success, and confident of a strong party amongst the Lond••ners, on the 3d. day of February, he entreth Southwark, where he and his were finely feasted by the people. But when he hoped to have found the way open to the rest of the City, he found the draw-Bridge to be cut down, the bridge-Gate to be shut, and the Ordinance of the Tower to be bent against him, by the appointment and direction of the Lord Lieutenant. Two dayes he tri∣fled out in Southwark to no purpose at all, more than the sacking of Winchester House, and the defacing of the Bishops Library there, unless it were to leave a document to posterity, that God infatuates the Counsels of those wretched men, who traiterously take up arms against their Princes. And having liberally bestowed these two dayes upon the Queen, the better to enable her to provide for her safety, he wheels about on Sunday the 6th. of the same month to King∣ston bridge. And though the bridge was broken down before his coming, and that the opposite shore was guarded by 200. men, yet did he use such diligence, that he removed away those forces, repaired the bridge, past over both his men and Canon, and might in probability have surprised both the Court and City in the dead of the night, if the same spirit of infatuation had not rested on him. For having marched beyond Brainford in the way towards London, without gi∣ving or taking the allarum▪ it hapned that one of his great piecs was dismoun∣ted by the breach of its wheels. In the mending and mounting whereof, he obstinately wasted so much time, notwithstanding all the perswasions which his friends could make unto him, that many of his men slipped from him, and some gave notice to the Court, not only of his near approach, but also what his pur∣pose was, and what had hindred him from putting it in execution. On this Ad∣vertisment the Earl of Pembrook arms, and draws out his men to attend the mo∣tion of the Rebels, who about 10 of the clock came to Chearing Cross, and with∣out falling on the Court, (which was then in a very great amazement) turn up the S••rand to Temple Bar, and so toward Ludgate, the Earl of Pembrook fol∣lowing and cutting him off in the arreir upon every turn. Coming to London, (when it was too late for his intendments) he found the Gates fast shut against him, and the Lord William Howard in as great a readiness to oppose him there, as when he was before in Southwark. So that being hemmed in on both sides with∣out hope of relief, he yields himself to Sir Morris Berkley, is carried prisoner to the Court, from thence committed to the Tower, arraigned at Westminster on the 15th. of March, and executed on the 11th. of April, having first heard, that no fewer than 50 of his accomplices were hanged in London, and Bret, with 22 more in several places of Kent.

It can not be denied but that the restitution of the Reformed Religion, was the matter principally aimed at in this Rebellion, through nothing but the Match with Spain appeared on the outside of it. Which appears plainly by a Book writ by Christopher Goodman (associated with John Knox, for setting up Presbytery and Rebellion in the Kirk of Scotland) in which he takes upon him to shew How far Superio••r Magistrates ought ot be obeyed. For having filled al∣most every Chapter of it with railing speeches against the Queen, and stirring up the people to rebel against her, he falleth amongst he rest upon this expression,

viz.

Wyat did but his duty, and it was but the duty of all others that pro∣fess the Gospel, to have risen with him for maintenance of the same. His cause was just, and they were all Traytors that took not part with him. O Noble Wyat▪ thou art now with God, and those worthy men that dyed in that happy enterprise.

But this Book was written at Geneva, where Calvin reigned. To whom no pamphlet could be more agreeable, than such as did re∣proach this Queen; whom in his Comment upon Amoz, he entituleth by the name of Porserpine, and saith, that she exceeded in her cruelties all the de∣vils in hell. Much more it is to be admired, that Dr John Poynct, the late Bi∣shop of Winchester, should be of Counsel in the plot, or put himself into their Camp, and attend them unto the place where the carriage brake. Where when he could not work on Wiat to desist from that unprofitable labour in re∣mounting the Cannon, he counselled Vauham, Bret, and others, to shift for themselves, took leave of his more secret friends, told them that he would pray for their good success, and so departed and took ship for Germany, where he after died.

The fortunate suppressing of these insurrections, secured the Queen from any fear of the like dangers for the present. And thereupon it was advised to make use of the opportunity for putting the Church into a posture, when the spirits of the opposite party were so crush'd and broken, that no resistance could be looked for. Articles therefore are sent into every Diocess, and let∣ters writ unto the several and Respective Bishops, on the 3d. of March, to see them carefully and speedily put in execution. The Tenour of which Ar∣ticles were as followeth.

1. That every Bishop and his Officers, with all other having Ecclesiastical juris∣diction, shall with all speed and dil••gence, and all manner of ways to them possible, put in execution all such Canons and Ecclesiastical Laws, heretofore in the time of King Henry the 8th. used within this Realm of England, and the Dominions of the same, not being directly and expresly contrary to the Laws and Statutes of this Realm.

2. That no Bishop, or any his Officer, or other person, hereafter in any of their Ec∣clesiastical writings, in processe, or other extra-judicial acts, do use or put in this clause or Sentence, Regia Auhoritate fulcitus.

3. That no B••••••op, nor any his Officers, or other person, do hereafter exact or de∣mand in the admessien of any person to any Ecclesiastical Promotion, Order or Office, any O••••h touching the primacy or succession, as of late few years past ha••h been acc••∣stomed and used.

4. That every Bishop and his Officers, with all other persons, have a vigilant eye, and use special diligence and foresight, that no person be admitted or received to any Ecclesiastical function, Benefice, or Office, being a Sacramentary, infected or defa∣med with any notable kind of Heresie, or other great crime; and that the said Bishop do stay, and cause to be staid, as much as lyeth in him, that Benefices and Ecclesiasti∣cal promotions, do not notably decay or take hinderance, by passing or confirming of unreasonable Leases.

5. That every Bishop, and all other persons aforesaid, do diligently travail for the repr••ssing of Heresies and notable crimes, especially in t••e Clergy, duely correcting and punishing the same.

6. That every Bishop, and all other persons aforesaid, do likewise travail for the condemning and repressing of corrupt and naughty opinions, unlawful Books, Ballads, and other pernitious and hurtful devices, enge••dri••g hatred and discord amongst the people. And that Schoolmasters, Teachers, and Preachers, do exercise and use their offices and duties, without Teaching, Preaching, or setting forth any evil and corrupt doctrine, and that doing the contrary, they may be by the Bishop and his said Officers, punished and removed.

7. That every Bishop, and all other person aforesaid, proceeding summarily, and with all celerity and speed, may, and shall deprive, or declare deprived, and remove ac∣cording to their learning and discretion, and such persons from their Benefices and

Ecclesiastical promotions, who contrary to the state of their Order, and the laudable custome of the Church, have maried and used women as their wives, or otherwise notably and slanderously disordered or abused themselves, sequestring also, during the sayd processe, the fruits and profits of the said Benefices and Ecclesidstical pro∣motions.

8. That the said Bishop and other persons aforesaid, do use more lenity and clemen∣cy with such as have maried, whose wives be dead, than with others whose women do yet remain al••ve. And likewise such Priests as with the consent of their wives or women, openly in the presence of the Bishop, do professe to abstain, to be used more fa∣vourable. In which case, after th Penance effectually done, the Bishop according to his discretion and wisdome, may upon just consideration, receive and admit them again to their former administrations, so it be not in the same place, appointing them such a portion to live upon, to be paid out of their Benefice, whereof they be deprived, by the discretion of the said Bishop or his Officer, as he shall think may be spared of the same Ben••fice.

9. That every Bishop and other person aforesaid, do foresee that they suffer not any ••••ligious man, having solemly professed chastity, to continue with his woman, or wife, but that all such persons after deprivation of their Benefice, or Ecclesiastical promotion, be also divorced every one from his said woman, and due punishment other∣wise taken for the offence therein.

10. Item, That every Bishop and all other persons aforesaid, do take Order and direction with the ••arishioners of every Benefice where Priests do want, to repair to the next Parish for divine Service, or to appoint for a convenient time, till other better provision may be made, one Curate ••o serve alienis vicibus, in divers Parishes, and to allot the said Cura••e for his labour, some part of the Benefice which he so serveth.

11. That all, and all manner of Processions in the Church, be used frequently, and continued after the old Order of the Church, in the Latin tougue.

12. That all such holy-dayes and fasting-dayes be observed and kept, as were observed and kept in the latter time of King Henry the 8. h.

13. That the laudable and honest Ceremonies which were wont to be used, fre∣quented and observed in the Church, be hereafter frequented, used and observed; and that children be Christned by the Priest, and confirmed by the Bishop, as hereto∣••••••e hath been accusto••ed and used.

14. Touching such persons as were heretofore promoted to any Orders, after the new sort and 〈◊〉〈◊〉 of O••ders, considering they were not Ordered in very deed, the Bishop of the Diocesse finding otherwise sufficient ability in these men, may supply that thing which wanted in them before, then according to his discretion admit them to mini∣ster.

15. That by the Bishop of the Diocesse, an uniform doctrine be set forth by Ho∣m••lies, or otherwise, for the good instruction and teaching of all people. And that the said Bishop, and other persons aforesaid, do compel the parishioners to come to their se∣veral Churches, and there devoutly to hear divine Service, as of reason they ought.

16. That they examine all Schoolmasters, and Teachers of children, and finding them suspect in any wise, to remove them, and place Catholick men in their rooms▪ with a special commandment to instruct their children, so as they may be able to an∣swer the Priest at the Masse, and so help the Priest at Masse, as hath been accusto∣med.

17. That the said Bishops, and all other the persons aforesaid, have such regard, respect, and consideration of and for the setting forth of the premises, with all kind of vertue, godly living, and good example, with repressing also, or keeping under of vic•• and unthriftinesse, as they and every of them, may be seen to favour the restituti∣on of 〈◊〉〈◊〉 Religion, and also to make and honest account and reckoning of their office and c••re, to the honour of God, Our good contentation, and profit of this Our Realm, and the Dominions of the same.

The generality of the people not being well pleased before with the Queen's

proceedings, were startled more than ever at the noise of these Articles; none more exasperated than those whose either hands or hearts had been joyned with Wiat. But not being able to prevail by open army, a new device is found out to befool the people, and bring them to a misconceit of the present go∣vernment. A young maid called Elizabeth Crofts, about the age of eighteen years, was tutored to counterfeit certain speeches in the wall of a house not far from Aldersgate, where she was heard of many, but seen of none, and that her voice might be conceived to have somewhat in it more than ordinary, a strange whistle was devised for her, out of which her words proceeded in such a tone, as seemed to have nothing mortal in it. And thereupon it was affirmed by some of the people (great multitudes whereof resorted dayly to the place) that it was an Angel, or at least a voice from Heaven, by others, that it could be nothing but the Holy Ghost; but generally she pass'd by the name of the Spirit in the wall. For the interpreting of whose words, there wanted not some of the confederates, who mingled themselves by turns amongst the rest of the people, and taking on them to expound what the Spirit said▪ delivered many dangerous and seditious words against the Queen, her mariage with the Prince of Spain, the Mass, Confession, and the like. The practice was first set on foot on the 14th. of March, which was within ten days after the publishing of the Articles, and for a while it went on fortunately enough, according to the purpose of the chief contrivers. But the abuse being searched into, and the plot discovered, the wench was ordered to stand upon a scaffold neer St Paul's Cross, on the 15th. of July, there to abide during the time of the Ser∣mon, and that being done, to make a publick declaration of that lewd impo∣sture. Let not the Papists be from henceforth charged with Elizabeth Barton whom they called the Holy made of Kent; since now the Zuinglian Gospellers, (for I cannot but consider this as a plot of theirs) have raised up their Eliza∣beth Crofts, whom they called the Spirit in the wall, to draw aside the people from their due Allegiance.

Wiat's Rebellion being quenched, and the Realm in a condition capable of holding a Parliament, the Queen Convenes her Lords and Commons on the 2d. of April, in which Session the Queens mariage with the Prince of Spain, being offered unto consideration, was finally concluded and agreed unto upon these conditions, that is to say,

That Philip should not advance any to any publick office or dignity in England, but such as were Natives of the Realm, and the Queens subjects. That he should admit of a set number of English in his houshold, whom he should use respectively, and not suffer them to be injured by foreiners. That he should not transport the Queen out of Eng∣land, but at her intreaty, nor any of the issue begotten by her, who should have their education in this Realm, and should not be suffered but upon ne∣cessity and good reasons, to go out of the same, not then neither but with the consent of the English. That the Queen deceasing without children, Philip should not make any claim to the Kingdom, but should leave it freely to him to whom of right it should belong. That he should not change any thing in the Lawes, either publick or private, nor the immunities and cu∣stomes of the Realm, but should be bound by oath to confirm and keep them. That he should not transport any Jewels, nor any part of the War∣drobe, nor alienate any of the revenues of the Crown. That he should pre∣serve our Shipping, Ordnance and Mu••ition, and keep the Castles, Forts, and Block Houses, in good repair, and well maned. Lastly, That this Match should not any way derogate from the League lately concluded between the Queen, and the King of France, but that the peace between the English and the French should remain firm and inviolate.

For the clearer carrying on this great business, and to encourage them for the performance of such further services as her occasions might require; the Queen was pleased to increase the number of her Barons. In pursuance whereof, she advanced the Lord William Howard, Cosen German to Thomas

Duke of Norfolk, to the Title of Lord Howard of Essingham, on the 11th. of March, and elected him into the Order of the Garter within few months after; whose son called Charls, being Lord Admiral of England, and of no small re∣nown for his success at the Isle of Gades, was by Queen Elizabeth created Earl of Nottingham, Anno 1589. Next to him followed Sir John Williams, created Lord Williams of Tame on the 5th. of April; who dying without Issue Male, left his Estate (though not his Honors) betwixt two daughters; the eldest of whom, called Margaret, was married to Sir Henry Norris, whom Queen Elizabeth created Lord Norris of Ricot, in reference perhaps to his fathe••s suf∣fering in the cause of her mother; from whom descended Francis Lord Norris, advanced by King James to the Honors of Viscount Tame, and Earl of Berk∣shire, by Letters Patens bearing date in January, Anno 1620. After him on the 7th. of April, comes Sir Edward North, created Baron of Char••eleg, in the Country of Cambridge, who having been Chancellor of the Court of Aug∣mentations in the time of King Henry, and raised himself a fair Estate by the fall of Abbyes, was by the King made one of his Executors, and nominated to be one of the great Councill of Estate in his Son's Minority. Sir John B••ugis brings up the rear, who being descended from Sir John Chandois, a right noble Banneret, and from the Bottelers Lords of Sudley, was made Lord Chandois of Sudley on the 8th. of April, whi••h goodly Mannor he had lately purchased of the Crown, to which it was Escheated on the death of Sir Thomas Seymour, Anno. 1549. the Title still enjoyed, though but little else, by the seventh Lord of this Name and Family; most of the Lands being dismembred from the House by the unparallel'd Impudence (to give it no worse name) of his el∣der brother.

Some Bishops I find consecrated about this time also, to make the stronger party for the Queen in the House of Peers; no more Sees actually voided at that time to make Rome for others, though many in a fair way to it, of which more hereafter. Hooper of Glocester commanded to attend the Lords of the Council on the 22 of August, and committed prisoner not long after, was outed of his Bi∣shoprick immediately on the ending of the Parliament, in which all Conse∣crations were declared to be void and null, which had been made according to the Ordinall of King Edward the 6 th. Into whose place succeeded James Brooks Doctor in Divinity, sometimes Fellow of Corpus Christi, and Master of B••liol Colledge in Oxon; employed not long after as a Delegat from the Pope of Rome in the proceedings against the Archbishop of Canterbury, whom he condemned to the stake. To Jaylor (of whose death we have spoken before) succeeded Doctor John White in the See of Lincoln, first School-master, and after Warden of the Colledge near Winchester; to the Episcopall See whereof we shall find him translated Anno 1556. The Church of Rochester, had been void ever since the removall of Doctor Story to the See of Chichester, not suf∣fered to return to his former Bishoprick, though dispoiled of the later: But it was now thought good to fill it, and Maurice Griffin, who for some years had been the Archdeacon, is consecrated Bishop of it on the first of April. One suffrage more was gained by the repealing of an Act of Parliament, made in the last Session of King Edward, for dissolving the Bishoprick of Durham; till which time, Doctor Cuthbert Tunstall, though restored to his Liberty, and possibly to a good part also of his Churches Partimony, had neither Suffrage as a Peer in the House of Parliament, not could act any thing as a Bishop in his own Jurisdiction. And with these Consecrations and Creations I con∣clude this year.

Notes

• 1553/4;.
• An. Reg. Mar. 1. 1553/4;.
• An. Reg. Mar. 1. 1554.
• 1554.