The royal commentaries of Peru, in two parts the first part, treating of the original of their Incas or kings, of their idolatry, of their laws and government both in peace and war, of the reigns and conquests of the Incas, with many other particulars relating to their empire and policies before such time as the Spaniards invaded their countries : the second part, describing the manner by which that new world was conquered by the Spaniards : also the civil wars between the Piçarrists and the Almagrians, occasioned by quarrels arising about the division of that land, of the rise and fall of rebels, and other particulars contained in that history : illustrated with sculptures / written originally in Spanish by the Inca Garcilasso de la Vega ; and rendered into English by Sir Paul Rycaut, Kt.

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Title
The royal commentaries of Peru, in two parts the first part, treating of the original of their Incas or kings, of their idolatry, of their laws and government both in peace and war, of the reigns and conquests of the Incas, with many other particulars relating to their empire and policies before such time as the Spaniards invaded their countries : the second part, describing the manner by which that new world was conquered by the Spaniards : also the civil wars between the Piçarrists and the Almagrians, occasioned by quarrels arising about the division of that land, of the rise and fall of rebels, and other particulars contained in that history : illustrated with sculptures / written originally in Spanish by the Inca Garcilasso de la Vega ; and rendered into English by Sir Paul Rycaut, Kt.
Author
Vega, Garcilaso de la, 1539-1616.
Publication
London :: Printed by Miles Flesher, for Samuel Heyrick ...,
1688.
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Subject terms
Incas -- Early works to 1800.
Indians of South America -- Peru.
Peru -- History -- To 1820.
Cite this Item
"The royal commentaries of Peru, in two parts the first part, treating of the original of their Incas or kings, of their idolatry, of their laws and government both in peace and war, of the reigns and conquests of the Incas, with many other particulars relating to their empire and policies before such time as the Spaniards invaded their countries : the second part, describing the manner by which that new world was conquered by the Spaniards : also the civil wars between the Piçarrists and the Almagrians, occasioned by quarrels arising about the division of that land, of the rise and fall of rebels, and other particulars contained in that history : illustrated with sculptures / written originally in Spanish by the Inca Garcilasso de la Vega ; and rendered into English by Sir Paul Rycaut, Kt." In the digital collection Early English Books Online. https://name.umdl.umich.edu/A42257.0001.001. University of Michigan Library Digital Collections. Accessed May 5, 2024.

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CHAP. XVI.

Of the unfortunate Death of Don Pedro de Alvarado.

ADmiral Don Pedro de Alvarado being greatly satisfied with the kind and obli∣ging treatment which Don Francisco de Piçarro had made him, they took their leave and farewell each of other with all the kind expressions and complements imaginable, offering mutual succours and assistences as the affairs and emergen∣cies in which they were now engaged, should respectively require. So Alvarado returned to his Government of Huahutimallan, where he reposed not long, or en∣joyed the riches and prosperity which he had acquired; but being exalted with his triumphs and his good fortune, which had ever attended him from his Youth, he proceeded to higher Actions and Atchievements, being restless, and desirous of vain-glory, untill he perished therein, as we shall find hereafter. And though the success hereof doth not properly appertain to this History; yet considering the unhappy and lamentable end of this famous Captain, who had performed so many brave Exploits in divers Countries, which the Renowned John de Grijalva had discovered, and in the Conquest of the Empire of Mexico in company with Hernando Cortes; and lastly, in the Province of Guatimala, or Huahutimallan, which he conquered by his own Arms, and in other parts of New Spain: Besides all which, we may add the Conquests which he made in Peru, for without his aid and assistence that Empire could never have been secured. Howsoever, he died, as Gomara in the 210th Chapter of his History of the Indies reports, besides many other particulars worthy to be mentioned, which I have extracted verbatim, as followeth:

Pedro de Alvarado remaining quiet, and peaceably settled in his Government of Huahutimallan and Chiapa, the latter of which he exchanged with Francisco Montejo for his Dominion of the Honduras, obtained licence of the Emperour to discover and plant a Colony in Quitu, which was one of the Provinces of Peru, and a Countrey which was rich, and not as yet possessed by the Spaniards. On this Adventure, in the year 1535, he armed and set forth five Ships, upon which and upon two others which he fraighted in Nicaragua, he embarked five hundred Spaniards, and many Horses; the which being landed at Puerto Viejo,

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he marched to Quitu, having in that Journey endured much cold and hunger; the news whereof affected the minds of Piçarro and Almagro with jealousie and fear. At length he sold the Ships, Guns, &c. for two hundred thousand pieces of Eight; which having received, he returned rich and triumphant unto Hua∣timallan. After which he built ten or twelve Ships, one Gally, and other Pin∣naces which were light, and rowed well with the Ore, with design to make a Voyage to the Espeeria, and a father discovery towards the Cape of Vallenas, called by some California. In the year 1538, Friar Marcos de Niça, and other Franciscan Friars travelled by Land through the Countrey of Culhuacan, at least three hundred Leagues to the Westward, and much farther than the Spaniards of Xalixco had as yet discovered, and returned with high commendations of the Countries, and of the Riches and good Air of Sibola, and other Cities. Upon the relation of these Friars, they resolved once to send an Army by Sea to those parts under the Command of Don Antonio de Mendoça, Vice-king of New Spain, and Don Fernando Cortes Marquis de Valle, who was Captain-General of New Spain, and first Discoverer of the Coast along the South-Sea; but not a∣greeing upon Articles, they quarrelled, and so Cortes returned into Spain, and Alvarado was sent in his place with the Ships before mentioned; for which the Money, as aforesaid, was paid him. Alvarado sailed, as I conceive, with his Fleet to the Port of Navidad, and thence travelled by Land to Mexico, where he agreed with the Vice-king upon an adventure to Sibola, without any regard to the gratitude he owed to Cortes, who was the Authour of all his fortune. In his return from Mexico, he passed through Xalixco, to subdue and reduce the people of that Kingdom, who had made an Insurrection, and were in defiance against the Spaniards. At length he came to Eçatlan, where Diego de Lopez, was making War against the Rebels, and joyning his Forces with him, they stormed the Indians, who had fortified themselves on the corner of a Rock with such resolution, that having killed thirty of them, they put the rest unto flight; and having climbed up into a high and narrow Rock, many of their Horses came tumbling down the Precipice: And whereas one of them came sliding down just upon the Horse of Alvarado, he, to avoid him, alighted, intending to give him way, and save himself; but the Horse in his fall striking on the edge of a Rock, turned his fall just on Alvarado, and carried him headlong with him down to the bottom; the which misfortune happened on Midsummer-day, in the year 1541, and in a few days after died of the bruises he had received at Eçatlan, which is a place about three hundred Leagues distant from Huatimallan; he conserved his Senses, and the judgment of a Christian, untill the last; for being asked where his chief pain was, he answered, in his Soul: As to other matters, he was a Man of a free and chearfull temper.
Thus far are the Words of Gomara; and at the end of the same Chapter he adds,
That he left no Estate, nor did there remain any Memory or Relicks of him, unless what is before re∣cited, and a Daughter which he had by an Indian Woman, which was after∣wards Married to Don Francisco de la Cueva;
and so he concludes that Chapter. This Relation is the very same which is commonly current in Peru, with all the circumstances thereof; onely they differ in this, that one says it was a Horse that tumbled upon him; and the other, that it was a Rock, which was thrown down by the fall of a Horse; 'tis probable that it might be the one as well as the o∣ther, and that the Horse and Stones might come all rowling down together. Besides, I was acquainted with his Daughter, and with one of his Sons, who was a Mongrel or Mestizo (as we call them) born of an Indian Woman, named Don Diego de Alvarado, a Son worthy, and not degenerating from a Father of such great renown, for he resembled his Father in all his Vertues; was a true pattern of him in all circumstances, nor did he differ from him in the very misfortune of his Death; for having with other Spaniards made his escape from the Battel of Chelqui Inca, he was afterwards killed by the Indians in the pursuit, as we shall here∣after relate in its due place.

Thus ended the Life of this worthy Cavalier Don Pedro de Alvarado, he was Knight of the Habit of St. Jago, and one of the most dexterous with his Lance of any that passed into the New World. His unhappy Death was greatly lamented at Cozco by all those who had been his followers in that Empire; many Masses were said for his Soul at that time, and for several years afterwards; I my self have been present at some, which were said for him, when I was there. Whensoever

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any occasion was offered to make mention of him, I have heard several Gentle∣men remember him with great praise of his Goodness and Vertue; and some of them specified and recounted the kindnesses and good offices he had shewn to them in particular: And whereas he was very familiarly acquainted, and conversant in my Father's house; I have been an Ear-witness of divers passages relating to his good Nature, and to the generosity of his great Soul: One of which was this; That in their Voyage to Peru his people suffered much for want of fresh Water; so that when they came to Tumpiz, they became very sickly, and many of them were so weakned by the Calenture Fever, by reason of the Thirst they had endu∣red, that they were not able to leave the Ship and Land on the shore. Where∣fore Alvarado himself landed from the Ship, and provided them with Water; and though he had suffered as much by Thirst as any of them, yet he would not taste a drop of Water untill he was assured that the Sick had drank, and all the Ships-company had been provided. Many other generous Acts of this nature were related of this worthy Gentleman; though Gomara in his Writings gives a different character of him, which he must have received from some of those (as there were many) who were envious and emulous of his Vertues and Fortune: And though it was impossible to suppress the fame of his Exploits and Adven∣tures, which were notorious to all the World, yet at least they endeavoured to eclipse and disparage the glory of them. Of which this Authour being sensible, did in part excuse and clear himself of the falsity of those reports which were gi∣ven; and so concludes the 192d Chapter of his Book with these words: He that doth well, and is not praised, lives amongst bad Neighbours, &c. And this he said, be∣cause he knew that in all estates of Men, there are some who are envious and slan∣derers, and unworthy the society of good Men, being inclined to speak a lye, ra∣ther than to utter truth in commendations of another. And now we shall return to the Affairs of Peru, and to the Transactions therein since the departure of Don Pedro de Alvarado from thence.

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