Musæum regalis societatis, or, A catalogue and description of the natural and artificial rarities belonging to the Royal Society and preserved at Gresham Colledge made by Nehemiah Grew ; whereunto is subjoyned The comparative anatomy of stomachs and guts by the same author.

CHAP. I. Of whirled and single SHELLS.

THere is a large Treasure of Shells in this Musaeum: in all, great and small, about six hundred. The Reduction of all which to the Order of Nature, whoever shall go about, will find to be no little Task. Nor can it be perfectly done here, because as yet the Collection it self is not perfect. According to the best Method I can at present think of, I shall here place them. And that it may be the better judged, how far it is natural, or not, I shall afterwards digest them into Schemes. Most of them are Strangers in England and the British-Seas, and therefore I must be allowed a little more than ordinary liberty for the English Names.

Note, That when I speak of the Right or Left Lip of a Shell, I mean, as it is held with the Mouth down∣wards.

The FROG-WILK. Murex Coracoides. Described and pictur'd by Johnston out of others. As are also most of those that follow, which are only named. It hath three Appendices on each side, like fingers or feet, and one at the end.

The BROAD-LIPP'D WILK. Aporrhais. The Lips of this are pale and even. Of this kind, three great Ones are here preserved, one of them above a foot in length.

The BROAD-LIP'D WILK, with wrinkled Lips, and dyed with a deep purple. See a curious figure of this in Calceolarius's Musaeum, a 1.1 under the Title of Conchilium Muricatum. This Shell, saith Cerutus, b 1.2 the Indians use as a Trumpet, both in their Wars, and in Hunting.

The MARBLE WILK. Murex marmoreus, from its mixed colours, which make it look like spoted Marble. Of these, here are five.

The ORIENTAL WILK. Murex Orientalis. The right Lip of this is even. Here are four great Shells of this sort, near a foot in length.

Another ORIENTAL WILK, with the right Lip undulated.

Betwixt the three sorts of Shells above mentioned, there is this difference, That the right Lip of that commonly call'd The Oriental, is only expanded; that of the marbled, expanded or spread, and turned outward; of the Broad-Lip'd, spread outward, and as it were Finger'd.

A SHELL like the ORIENTAL, with a KNOBED Turban or Whirle.

Another of the same sort with an EVEN Whirle. It is a small shell, not above an inch and ¼ long. Forward, somewhat flat, and white as Milk. Hinderly, stained with tauny spots. The left Lip is turned or spread out. The right, at the bottom wrinkled, and stained with a light purple. Towards the Cone or fore Corner, is gather'd into an open Angle. The Whirle is smooth, not very high, maketh six Rounds.

The LONG-MOUTH'D WILK. Murex Labris paral∣lelis. Both the Lips of this are plain or even on the Surface. I call it Long-Mouth'd, because the Mouths of all that have been nam'd before, are very wide.

The LONG-MOUTH'D WILK, with oblique furrows on the left Lip. Here are four of this sort: whereof one is near ½ a foot long. Each of the inner Rounds of the Whirle or Turban, is one third part lesser than that next without it.

The SPIKED-WILK. Murex Aculeatus. This, of all

the rest, hath the Name, Murex, most properly given it; from the spiked Instrument used in War, so called. The Spikes of this are round. Here are three of these Shells, one of which is ¼ of a foot long. Well figur'd by Olearius. a 1.3 And better by Besler.

The SPIKED-WILK, with doubled or PLAITED Spikes. Here are two of this sort, one of them near ½ a foot long. Both the Lips are a little drawn outward, and so the Mouth almost Oval, both the corners thereof pretty long, the left Lip spread outward, the right wrinkled; the main Body somewhat Conical, the Whirle low, consisting of six Rounds; both striated, and armed with plated Spikes standing in a spiral Order.

The BOSSED or KNOBED-WILK. In the place of spikes it hath round knobs. Here are five or six, all lesser ones, about the length of a Katharine-Pear; so that 'tis probable they grow not much bigger.

The CONICK SNAIL. Cochlea Cylindrica; so it is commonly called by Zoographers, but very improperly, the figure hereof being Conical. Here are about fourteen of this sort. Whereof some have a plain, others a knobed Turban. Some are all over white, or yellowish, others are stained white and black, or blackish-bay, white and brown, or white and yellowish. In some the colours are laid in spots, in others undulated, and in some others Lattice-wise. Rondeletius saies, That this Shell seldom exceeds the thickness of the Thumb. Yet one of these is above ½ a foot long, and the Base above three inches over. The rest are small, all of them plain Cylinders. Not unelegantly express'd in some variety of figures by Olearius, Tab. 31. and Fig. 3. of Tab. 32.

The Whirle maketh nine or ten Rounds: which hold the same proportion one to another, as in the Long-Mouth'd Wilk. In the Kingdom of Congi, and some other places in the East-Indies, these Shells go for Money.

The CONICK SNAIL a little convex, and with the Rounds of the Turban also convex.

Another Convex Conick Snail, with the Rounds of the Turban Concave.

The GREAT PERSIAN WILK. Concha Persica major. Of this sort there are four here preserved, of which, two are above ½ a foot long.

This Wilk yields a purple juyce, anciently used for deying. The Cover of this Shell is called Onyx or Unguis, because in shape like the Claw of a Carniverous Bird. The best of these Opercula or Covers are found in and brought from the Red-Sea.

The lesser PERSIAN WILK, with furrow'd Lips. Of this sort there are five here preserved of a middle size. The Great Persian Wilk is knobed, and hath only one Series of wrinckles. This even, and with a double Series of wrinckles a cross one to the other. Each of the outer Rounds of the Whirle is double the thickness of the next within it.

The lesser PERSIAN WILK with even Lips. 'Tis a small shell, scarce bigger than the Kernel of a Filbert. The Mouth is almost Oval, each Corner ending in a small Channel. Both the Lips are turned outwards sideways, and as far as the end of the Turban. The Back is speckled with white, red, and blew. The Turban not high, nor hath more than three Rounds.

The PERSIAN WILK, with the Rounds of the Whirle plated and interrupted; so as the Plates of the several rounds do anticipate one another. Of these here are three.

The FLAT-LIP'D SNAIL. Cochlea sinistri Labri angulo duplici. Not described. In a manner half a long Oval. The left Lip is flat, whereby it hath a double edge. Deep within, 'tis stained with a shining Bay. The left Lip near the Turban almost an inch broad; before, it ends sharp. The Turban maketh but about two Rounds. Both this and the Body are beset with knobs in a spiral order, and are cover'd over with a pale purple Crust.

The short FLAT-LIP'D SNAIL. 'Tis white within; yet the left Lip is stained with two Bay spots. The Back of a light ash-colour. The Knobs of this have no Incrustation. The Rounds of the Turban are three.

The WRINKLED-SNAIL. Cochlea rugosa. Here are two of these, whereof one is near ½ a foot long. Each of the outer Rounds of the Turban is twice as big as the next within it. One of these is curiously figur'd by Besler.

The HOOK-NOS'D SNAIL. Cochlea Rostro recurvo. So

I call it, though it is not properly the Nose or Beak of the Snail, but of its shell. The Turban is pretty high. Both this and the Body are wrought with knobs and lines in an oblique and spiral Order.

The SNAIL with the SPIKED TURBAN. Cochlea Turbine aculeato. This shell is described and figur'd by Fabius Columna. a 1.4 Yet in some things he hardly reaches it. The Mouth is a kind of long Oval. The right Lip is spread, and as it were doubled outward. The Back faced with smooth Plates like so many more lips, carry'd ob∣liquely from the left Lip to the Turban, and there set with short but very sharp Spikes. The spaces betwixt these are ½ an inch broad, wrinkled with very small furrows, and curiously stained with pillars of white and brown lines meeting together in several Arches, as if it had been done by a Painter.

The SHORT-NOS'D SNAIL, with a low and plain or even Turban.

The DIPING-SNAIL, Cochlea Immerso Turbine. Not described. In other Snails the Rounds of the Whirle stand either in or else above a plain; here, they dip or run down within the shell. Here are divers of them; all very smooth, and of an Oval figure. One of a white colour, besprinkled with an innumerable company of small brown specks; about the bigness of a little Horse-Plum. The rest are smaller.

The LONG-MOUTH'D SNAIL. Cochlea Labris paral∣lelis, s. Cylindrovalis. The figure hereof is betwixt Cylin∣drical and Oval. One half only of the left Lip is turned outward, and uneven with oblique furrows. The right Lip plain. The fore-angle of the Mouth crooked. The Rounds of the Turban furrow'd, not high, four or five in number. The Back is painted with a mixture of yellow, bay, blew and black specks. It is about two inches long. There are some more of the same Species that are less.

The NAVLE-SNAIL. Cochlea Umbilicalis. The Turban of this is smooth. The end of the inmost Round is produ∣ced like a Navle, whence its Name.

Another sort of NAVLE-SNAIL. The Turban of this is set with short doubled or plated Spikes. It is almost a foot in length.

The OVAL LONG-MOUTH'D SNAIL. Scarce bigger than a Filbert Kernel. The Lips are parallel. The right turned or doubled outward. The left uneven with three oblique furrows. The Back speckled with white and red. The Whirle hath four Rounds pretty high.

The PURPLE-WILK with solid Spikes. Purpura aculeis solidis. This and the other kinds commonly found in the Dead-Sea.

The PURPLE-WILK with long plated Spikes. Purpura Aculeis plicatis longissimis. By Ferranto Imperato, called Echinata. Olearius gives a good Figure, a 1.5 Fab. Columna the Description, with the Title of Purpura muricata sive Murex Rostratus parvus. I will add my own a little fuller. The main Body is not much bigger than a good big Nutmeg. But hath a Horn no less than two inches and ½ long, near the Mouth ¼ of an inch over, and sharp-pointed. Almost a Pipe, but a little open underneath by the length. Along the right Lip and the Turban it self, in three Rows, stand several long sharp plated or gutter'd Spikes triangu∣larly. But on the Turban they a little anticipate each other. As also do the Plates of the several Rounds. The right Lip is in some sort toothed, the left turned outward.

The PURPLE with REDOUBLED SPIKES, i. e. with the greater doubled Spikes collaterally subdivided into lesser. Of these there are four. Two of them white, described by Columna with the Name of Purpura sive Murex Pelagius marmoreus. Another, ash-colour'd; and a fourth, brown.

All Purples have a Canale or Gutter'd Horn long or short, in which is lodged that part which is called the Tongue; but performs the same Office as the Gills in other Fishes. b 1.6 The Animal creeps and directs its own way with its Horns, like a Snail: yet hath it not four, but two only. c 1.7

The Purple Tincture it yields, is contained betwixt that part which is called the Papaver and the Neck. d 1.8 It is of a different degree; in some, more upon the Red, like that of Cochinele; in others, more upon the Blew, like that of Violets. It was anciently (pressed out of the living e 1.9 Animal, and) used especially for the deying of Silks. But is now grown out of use, as is likely, from the great

abundance of a sort of Fucus, which the Italians call Roc∣cella, wherewith Silk-Dyers do now make very rich Purples of all varieties, with less labour and charge. a 1.10

That little Shell called Blatta Byzantia, is the Operculum or Lid of the Purple.

The SQUARE-WILK. Buccina Rhomboidea, i. e. It hath in a sort four equal sides, with unequal Angles. I find it not describ'd. The Mouth almost Oval, both the Corners a little gutter'd. The right Lip is first turned out∣ward, and then doubled or returned back again inward; and the edge a little toothed. Just opposite to this Lip, is laid upon the shell a kind of list, and doubled down in the same manner. Upon every Round of the Turban also are certain edged pieces in two opposite Rows. By these and the list above said the shell is made square. Both the main Body and the Turban are wrought over with knobs great and small standing in oblique and spiral Orders.

All WILKS that have the Rounds of the Turban thus edged, are betwixt a Purple and a common Wilk.

The LONG SQUARE WILK. Neither do I find this described or figur'd. Both the doubling of the right Lip, and the opposite List, are less close, than in the former. Neither hath it any of the larger knobs.

The LONG THICK-LIP'D WILK. The right Lip of this is swoln or stands thick outwardly; and on the Rounds of the Turban are many edged pieces.

The same sort of WILK, with few edged pieces on the Turban.

The THIN-LIP'D WILK. The fore Corner of this ends in a gutter'd-Horn. Columna describes and pictures it with the Name of Bucciunm Rostratum. b 1.11

The GREAT THIN-LIP'D WILK. Strombus magnus. This sort hath edged pieces on the Rounds of the Turban. The biggest of turbinated-shells: this here is almost 1/•• a yard long, and above 1/•• a yard round about.

The TRIANGULAR WILK. No where describ'd that I find. The Mouth almost Oval. The fore Corner hereof ends in a gutter'd-Horn bended a little upward. The left Lip only turned outward. The right is first bended out∣ward, and then doubled or returned inward. From thence

at the distance of ⅓^d of the circuit of the shell, is laid a a List, in shape imitating the said right Lip. At the same distance, a pretty broad-pointed knob. By both these and the right Lip the shell is made Triangular. The knobs on the right Lip and List, are white, the other parts tawny, and as it were wrinkled. The Turban, which hath six rounds, is also a little angular.

The COMMON WILK. This sort is short-snouted, or hath no horn. Of this sort are several here pre∣serv'd.

It is affirm'd by Aristotle, a 1.12 That you may know how many years a Wilk is of, by the number of Rounds in the Turban. Of the manner of laying their Eggs, see Bello∣nius. They are desired by some, as a rare sort of Meat. The best are in clean Creeks. That which Mr. Lyster de∣scribes, b 1.13 by the Name of Buccinum maximum, is fished out of the Sea at Scarbrough.

A Wilk, saith Nicolaus Myrepsius, being burnt, pow∣dered, and mixed with old Oil to the consistence of Glew, and so the Head, first shaved and rub'd, anointed there∣with, is an admirable Remedy against Baldness and Morph of long standing. 'Tis usual to give Drink to Children that have the Chin-Cough, out of a Wilk-shell; and it is observed, saith Wormius, c 1.14 to do them good.

The WILK-SNAIL. Buccicochlea. So I call it, because, in Figure, it approaches to the Wilk; to the Com∣mon Snail, in the thinness of its shell. Columna d 1.15 describes and figures this with the Title of Buccinum exoticum varie∣gatum.

The WILK-SNAIL winding, from the Mouth, towards the right Hand; whereas almost all other shells wind the contrary way. The Mouth is white as Milk, and almost Oval. The left Lip spread and turned outward. The Rounds are Convex, as in the Wilk. In number six, speckled with yellow Bay and blew spots. The shell is as thin as that of common Land-Snails. Of kin to that shell described by Mr. Lyster under Tit. 1. lib. de Cochl. Mar.

The BELLY'D-LONG WHIRLE. Turbo Ventricosus. This shell runs all into a Whirle or Turban. It is also belly'd, i. e. swells out a little betwixt the Mouth and the Cone. And the left Lip is uneven with oblique Furrows.

The WHIRLE-SNAIL. Turbocochlea. The rounds of this sort wind from the Mouth to the right Hand, and that very obliquely, in number six, speckled with Chestnut spots in Rows. The Mouth very long, and one Lip ridged. 'Tis thin like a common Snail-shell. Columna a 1.16 describes and figures one pretty like this by the Name of Turbo alter minor.

The SMALL WHIRL-SNAIL, with numerous rounds, and also winding from the Mouth toward the right Hand. There are about fifty of them in a Bottle. They are of a brown colour; and thin as the shell of the common Snail. Their Mouth almost round. The right Lip hath a little Angle. It hath nine rounds with very small transvers Striae. Columna describes and figures one like this with the Title of Turbo Terrestris non descriptus. Mr. Lyster b 1.17 calls it Buccinum pullum; and very aptly compares it, both as to shape and bigness, to an Oat. He saith it is found in England in the Cracks of old Trees, and in Garden-walls.

The BELLY'D-LONG WHIRLE, with small spiral Furrows.

Another BELLY'D-LONG WHIRLE, with little knobs in spiral Orders.

The LEVEL-WHIRLE, or the SPIRE. Turbo planus sive verè Conicus. The rounds are all knobed, and the right Lip gather'd into small wrinkles.

Another KNOBED SPIRE, with the right Lip plain or even. Here are several little Ones of this sort.

The SMOOTH SPIRE, with high or swelling rounds. Here are two sorts of these; one with oblique, the other with spiral small Furrows. This shell is described by Mr. Lyster. c 1.18

The SMOOTH SPIRE, with flat rounds. Here are also two sorts of these; the one furrow'd, the other not, described and figur'd by Columna under the title of Buccinum Persicum eburneum nitidum maculosum. Of all these here are several small Ones.

The Natives of Brasile make a sort of Musical Instru∣ments with these kind of shells. d 1.19

The LOOSE WHIRLE. Penicillus. The one half of it windeth loosely like a Worme; the other is a small long Turban.

The SHORT WHIRLE. Trochus. This is somewhat more prolonged than some others of this kind, the Base broader, and the Rounds in a level. Of this sort here are two great Ones, curiously stained with Crimson waves from the Base (which is about four inches over) to the Cone. It is of kin to that which by Columna is called Turbo Persicus maximus.

Another level SHORT WHIRLE, also somewhat longer than the rest, and with the Rounds in a level, but the Base narrow.

A thin level SHORT WHIRLE, shorter than the former, and with flat rounds. Here are two sorts of this; the one with smooth, the other with ruged or knobed rounds.

A fourth WHIRLE of the same kind, with high rounds. Here are also two sorts of this; the one smooth, the other ruged.

The BELLY'D SHORT WHIRLE with spiked rounds. 'Tis no where described that I find. The Base two inches broad, the Cone as high. The Mouth almost round, and within of a Pearl colour. The whole shell without whitish. The Base all over wrought with round, and obliquely radiated wrinkles. The rounds are knobed, and the under edges of every round with flat doubled Spikes. Here are two more of the same sort, with the Spikes ground off.

Another BELLY'D SHORT WHIRLE, almost smooth, having only very small wrinkles, without any Spikes.

The CONCAVE SHORT WHIRLE. Trochus centro latè concavo. Hitherto undescrib'd. 'Tis two inches broad, an inch an ¼ high, being Belly'd, and having the Cone much depressed. As also the Mouth, which is therefore a flattish square. Both the Base and the Rounds are wrought with small spiral and radiated wrinkles running across. It hath five or six rounds, somewhat swelling. Not, as in most other shells, contiguous in the centre, but thence receding, leave a wide space in the middle of the shell, representing in some sort a pair of Winding-Stairs. The ridges also of the rounds are wrought with Tooth-Work, answering to the Sculpture on the edges of a Stair-Case.

There are several sorts of short Whirles or Trochi, saies Mr. Lyster, a 1.20 found in England, as at the Mouth of Umber, and in Lincoln-shire by the Sea-side.

The LITTLE ROUGH WILK. Nerites Turbine rugoso.

The LITTLE KNOBED WILK. Nerites Turbine tube∣rato.

The GREAT ROUND-MOUTH'D SNAIL, with a Pearl colour. Cochlea caelata. Here are three of these; of which two, are each above 1/•• a foot wide. Their pearly gloss, on the outside is artificial; within, natural. The natural colour without is sometimes green, with white and bay spots.

One way whereby it receives a bright pearl colour, is by being steeped in Vinegar; which eats away the rough and duller surface.

The GREAT NAVLE-SHELL. Umbilicus marinus Indicus major. It is the lid of the Cochlea Caelata; and hath its Name from its shape. Very well described by Wormius.

The LITTLE NAVLE-SHELL, with wrinkled edges.

A SECOND, with the Convex side more plainly wind∣ing like a Navle.

A THIRD, with the same side besprinkled with a great company of small round knobs.

The little Navle-Shell is well express'd by Olearius, Tab. 33. Fig. 7. Here are several of them kept in a Glass.

Not only this, but other turbinated shells have their lid. Which, as Mr. Lyster well observes, is as it were another Valve.

Spirit of Nitre droped upon this Shell, riseth up with a strong efferrescence. The admirable Virtue of this Shell is experienced, saith Wormius, a 1.21 by men of very good note, in stainching of Blood; the flat side hereof being only applied, with Spittle, to the Forehead. 'Tis usual to lay a cold Key or Stone in the Neck. But if the same, especially a good big Pebble with one side flat, like a Painters Mullet, were apply'd to the Forehead, I should expect as good advantage from that, as from the application of this shell.

The Women in France, saith Boetius, b 1.22 nimio Mensium fluore laborantes, commonly take this shell reduced to a fine powder, which they find to be a very good remedy, and keep it as a Secret.

The LESSER ROUND-MOUTH'D SNAIL, with a shorter knobed Turban.

The SPIKED or TOOTHED SNAIL. Cochlea Echinophera sive Echinis plicatis. Of an ash-colour. The Mouth round. The Turban short, having only three rounds almost flat. The Base wrought with circular wrinkles. The utmost round, as it were toothed with short flat-doubled Spikes.

The FINGER'D SNAIL. Cochlea Dactylata. Not yet described. The Spikes of this are doubled and redoubled, yet not flat, but thick and round, so as to resemble so many little Fingers. Without, it is of a sad brown. Within, of a Pearl colour. The Mouth round. The Turban low, making only three rounds, which so recede from the centre, as to leave an empty space in the middle of the shell. 'Tis all over rough with small plated Spikes, and pointed wrinkles in a spiral Order.

The HIGH-CROWN'D SNAIL, with a semicircular Mouth.

The LOW-CROWN'D SNAIL, with a semicircular Mouth.

The HALF-LIP'D SNAIL. So I call it, because one half of the inner Lip being spread outward, the other half seems as if it were clip'd off. Of this here are two sorts; one with the upper, the other with the nether half deficient.

Another SNAIL like the former, saving that the inner Lip is whole, and the Turban somewhat higher.

Another SNAIL with the Turban somewhat lower. Of this here are two sorts; one with the rounds of the Turban even or smooth; the other, wrinkled.

The SEMICIRCULAR MOUTH, TOOTHED on both sides. The Teeth of the outer Lip are the lesser; they stand not on the edge of the Lip, but deep in the Mouth, just over against the inner Lip: where the white parts of the shell on both sides are defined or circumscribed by a Circle, whose centre is at the edge of the inner Lip. Out∣wardly, the shell is speckled with white, red, and black Spots, and ruged with spiral wrinkles. One like to this is described by Columna with the Name of Cochlea marina marmorea.

The BLOBBER-LIP'D SNAIL. Cochlea Labrosa. The Mouth of this is also Semicircular, the outer Lip being

round and spread out a little; the inner strait, like white Marble, its inner edge toothed, and spread outward almost as far as the Navle of the shell; from whence I have nam'd it. The Turban is low and almost flat. It maketh scarce more than two rounds, which therefore immediately run from great to small. On the outside 'tis ruged with transverse wrinkles, and speckled with red and black spots upon white.

The toothed Lips of both these last Shells, most pro∣bably, serve as Joynts to hold their lids, so much the more close and steady.

The FORE-WHIRED SNAIL. Cochlea Turbine antico. This is no where described. 'Tis smooth, of an ash-colour. The outer Lip is spread a little backward; and toothed with∣in: as is also the edge of the inner Lip. Both the corners of the Mouth are placed on the circumference of the utmost round. Whereby, contrary to all other shells I ever yet saw, it hath the Turban or Whirle made before. 'Tis much de∣pressed, consisting of five flat rounds. The assertion of Aristotle, a 1.23 That the Turban always stands behind, is here proved false.

The FLAT-WHIRLE. This Snail is a perfect Helix, all the shell lying as it were between two levels. Of this kind Mr. Lyster b 1.24 describeth three sorts. Of which he ob∣serves, That upon the sprinkling a little Salt or Pepper, or the like, into their Mouths, they yield a Crimson liquor.

The same Author c 1.25 hath observed some particulars of the parts of Snails; as their Horns, Eyes, (as he supposeth them) Teeth, Anus, Lungs, milkly Veins (which are all they have) parts of Generation, &c. Which last, saith he, are so like, as to make it seem very probable, That they are Her∣maphrodites. In the time of Coition, they strike a sort of small testaceous Needles (Spicula testacea) into one an others Necks. For what cause, or in what manner, he could not so well observe.

No Shell with a Turban, hath less than two rounds, nor hath any, saith the same Author, d 1.26 of English Shells, above ten.

The slick SAILER. Nautilus laevis. This sort is brown on the Back, and black on the Belly. Curiously figur'd both

in Calceolarius's Musaeum, and by Besler. Here are two of them, whereof one is near ¼ of a yard long.

One half of the same sort of shell cut down the middle. By which it appears to be divided by about 40 oblique transverse Partitions.

The Animal is of kin to the Polypus. Famous for the Art of Navigation. He rises to the top of the Water with his Shell inverted; and being there, returns it. Then having a thin Membrance spread against the Wind for a Sail, two Feet for the Rudder, and two for the Helm, he sails along. If any fear arises, he pulls all in, and filling his shell with Water, immediately sinks himself to the bottom of the Sea. a 1.27

The PEARLY SAILER, 'Tis both within and without of the colour of the best Oriental Pearl. This sort is brought from India and the Persian-Gulf. Hereof Neck∣laces are sometimes made. As also Images and Beads used at Devotions.

The SPIKED SAILER. The Back and Belly of this are flat with two ridges, and on each ridge grows a row of short Spikes.

The MAILED SAILER. Nauticlus Laminatus. I meet with it no where. Both within, and especially without, of the colour of the richest Pearl. It is composed of a con∣siderable number of Plates, as if in Armor. Yet the Plates continuous; furrow'd along the middle, and produced with a blunt Angle, almost like a Widows-Peak. From under each of which, emergeth a kind of little Tongue, like that of a Shoo-Buckle.

VENUS-SHELL. Concha Veneris. Because beautiful. Or else, saith Terzagi, quòd partem Veneris Imperio subdi∣tam referat. The first I shall name is that with Blobbed-lips, or having as it were a white thick Facing. They are also furrow'd, and stained with Chestnut Spots. But the Back with a Purple.

VENUS SHELL, with the right Lip furrow'd, but neither of them faced or turned out.

A SECOND of this kind with the left Lip furrow'd.

A THIRD, with both Lips furrow'd.

The HIGH-BACK'D VENUS-SHELL. Of this kind, here are three of a Chestnut or Bày-colour; one stained

with Green, another with Brown, a third with white spots. And a fourth, white, speckled with yellow, red, and purple.

The NAVLED VENUS-SHELL. 'Tis also somewhat high-back'd, and with each Lip furrow'd. On the thicker end, it hath some resemblance of a little Turban or Navle.

The LONG-VENUS-SHELL. Of this sort here is one stained with white spots upon a Bay ground. The rest of the same Figure, are somewhat rough, having, as 'tis likely, been steeped in Vinegar, or some other ways cor∣roded.

The BUNCH-BACK'D VENUS-SHELL. Described and figur'd by Columna under the Name of Concha utro{que} latere se colligens. It hath a transvers Angle or Ridge in the mid∣dle. Where also, there is a distinct piece, most closely inlaid into the Back of the Shell. The Lips also are both even.

The VENUS-SHEL with smooth or even Lips, and without any ridge on the Back. The little white Ones of this kind, are those which are particularly called ENTALIA. With these, saith Rondeletius, the French adorn their Horses Bridles, and other parts of Equipage. Of these and Jet mixed together, they also make Bracelets, and other Ornaments, for Widows in Half-Mourning. Many of this sort, striated, are found, saith Mr. Lyster, near Hartle-pool in the County of Durham, where the People call them Nuns.

Divers other lesser VENUS-SHELLS of several kinds, and stained with several colours, are here collected.

The Italians use this Shell for the polishing of Paper, and other things. a 1.28 The people living near the Red-Sea gather them in abundance, and sell them to those that trade to Memphis; for with these the Egyptians smooth their Linnen Cloth. b 1.29 Goldsmiths cut them in two, and make Spoons of them. They are commended against those Ulcers in the great Corner of the Eye, which usually turn to Fistula's, because of their admirable drying qua∣lity without heat. c 1.30 Yet we have no reason but to believe, that most other shells may be of equal Virtue. But if we observe, it is usual for people to have a high esteem of those things, even as to their Medicinal Virtue, that look prettily, or that are rarely to be had. Whereas, it is

plain, that Nature generally supplyeth us with the greatest plenty of those things, which are the most useful.

The round SEA-URCHIN or BUTTON-FISH. Echi∣nus orbicularis. Here are several Species hereof. The first I shall name is the Edible Button-Fish. These have very great Prickles, with Seats or Bases proportionable, in five double Orders. And the shells are orbicular. See the full Description in Rondeletius.

They were anciently eaten raw before Supper, as Oysters are now, and as much esteemed.

The ROUND BUTTON-FISH, with ten Orders of midling Prickles. Of these Prickles it hath five Orders of bigger, and five of less, all Conical at each end, and bounded by ten more. Of this kind, here are some more, others less round. Some also that are White, and others Redish.

The ROUND BUTTON-FISH, with the least sort of Prickles, and disposed into ten Orders. Of this sort here are White, Brown, and Green. These, Mr. Lyster saith, are found in the English-Seas.

The GREAT OVAL SEA-UR CHIN. Echinometra Aristotelis. See the Description hereof in Calceolarius's Musaeum. The greatest, and so as it were the Mother of all the other kinds; from whence its Name. This here is near ½ a foot long. Its Figure is not orbicular, but comes near an oval or flatish Heart.

The MARE-MAIDS-HEAD, or lesser Oval SEA-URCHIN. Echinus Spatagus. This differs from the for∣mer, only or principally in being much less; seldom exceeding the bigness of a Hens Egg. These are shells rarely found.

The Sea-Urchin maketh its progressive motion with its Prickles which it useth instead of Feet. a 1.31 And it is affirm∣ed, by Moufet, particularly of the Great Oval, that it moveth in a spiral line.

The SEA-EAR. Auris marina. It hath its Name from its Figure, somewhat like a Mans ear. The inside is of a Pearl-colour, the outside brown and ruged with many small radiated and spiral wrinkles running across. There are several Holes on one side it, through which the Ani∣mal admits and expels the water at pleasure. Here are three

of them, whereof two, are each about five inches long. This shell is found in abundance near Garnsey Island. a 1.32 The Gold∣smiths in France b 1.33 split them into thin Plates, wherewith they beautifie Cabinets, and other Works.

The VAULTED-LIMPET. Patella concamerata. No where described, that I know off. It seems to be of the Limpet-kind, or to stand betwix this and the Sea-Ear. It is in a manner a half Oval split by the length, which is an inch and half. It hath a Navle, as the Sea-Ear, winding to one side. The Back is rough, and of a whitish ash-colour. Within, very smooth and of a pale purpleish white. The hinder half is vaulted with a most white Plate, joyned to the sides ¼ of an inch below the edges.

The EVEN OVAL LIMPET. See the figure hereof in Johnston. That part which may be called the Navle, stands a little above the convexity of the shell. The Seat of the Animal is shaped so, as in some sort to resemble the Stag-Beetle. The edges thereof curiously angul'd, parti∣colour'd white and bay. The edge of the shell is perfectly Oval, and the inner Margin of a pale blew. Here are two fair Ones of this sort, about three inches long.

The PEARLY OVAL LIMPET. The inside hereof is of a curious pearl colour, with some rays of purple. It hath a greater convexity than the former, and is waved all round about.

The OVAL LIMPET, with very deep furrows round about. Whereby the edges also are very angular. The Seat of the Animal white. Columna c 1.34 seems to have de∣scribed this by the Name of Lepas sive Patella maxima striata.

The LEVEL-LIMPET. Patella Plano-convexa. The sides of this lie level betwixt the edges and the top. 'Tis also furrowed, but not deeply. Yet the edges are more angu∣lar than of the former. The Seat of the Animal is white, surrounded with a kind of double Glory. The outer Mar∣gins are of a blackish shining Bay. There are several small ones of this sort, having the inner side streaked with black and yellow.

The CONICK-LIMPET, with the top high, and the sides and edges level round about.

The CONICK-LIMPET, with part of the edge raised

toward the top or Navle of the shell. This sort I meet with no where. Without of an ash-colour, rough with wrinkles in rays, and waved Circles. Within smooth, the Margin white, about ¼ of an inch broad; the Seat of the Animal yellow spread out both ways.

The Animal it self is headed and horned like a Snail. See Bellonius's Description. Our Fishermen use the ordinary kinds to bait with, who find them every where in our Seas on the Rocks near the shore. a 1.35 If they feel themselves touched, they stick so very fast to the Rock, that they can hardly be loosened thence without a Knife. b 1.36

Notes

• a 1.1

  Sect. 1.
• b 1.2

  Ibid.
• a 1.3

  Tab. 32. f. 5.
• a 1.4

  In his Purpura. But better in his Book de A∣quat. & Terrestr.
• a 1.5

  Tab. 29. fig. 1.
• b 1.6

  Fab. Column. Purpura.
• c 1.7

  Mart. Lyster de Cochl.
• d 1.8

  Aristot. Hist. Anim. lib. 5. c. 15.
• e 1.9

  Musaeum Worm.
• a 1.10

  Fab. Co∣lum. Pur∣pura.
• b 1.11

  Lib. de Aquatil. & Terrest.
• a 1.12

  Hist. An. lib. 5. c. 15.
• b 1.13

  De Cochl. Mar. Tit. 1.
• c 1.14

  Musaeum.
• d 1.15

  Lib. de Aquat. & Terrest.
• a 1.16

  Lib. de Aquat. & Terrest.
• b 1.17

  Lib. de Cochl.
• c 1.18

  Lib. de Cochl. Mar.
• d 1.19

  Joh. de Laet.
• a 1.20

  Lib. de Cochl. Mar.
• a 1.21

  Musaeum
• b 1.22

  Lib. de Gem. & Lapid.
• a 1.23

  Hist. Anim. lib. 4. c. 4.
• b 1.24

  Lib. de Cochleis. Tit. 26.
• c 1.25

  Ibid. p. 1.
• d 1.26

  Ibid.
• a 1.27

  Arist. Hist. Anim. l. 9. c. 37. Scal. exercit. Rondeletius out of Oppia∣nus. Bello∣nius. And out of him Septalius's Musaeum.
• a 1.28

  Wormi∣us.
• b 1.29

  Bellonius
• c 1.30

  Ronde∣letius.
• a 1.31

  Arist. H. Anim. lib. 4. c. 5.
• a 1.32

  Lyst. lib. de Cochl.
• b 1.33

  Bellonius
• c 1.34

  Lib. de Aquat. & T••rr. c. 50.
• a 1.35

  Lystri lib. de Cochl.
• b 1.36

  Wormi∣us.