Natural and political observations mentioned in a following index, and made upon the bills of mortality by John Graunt ... ; with reference to the government, religion, trade, growth, ayre, diseases, and the several changes of the said city.

About this Item

Title
Natural and political observations mentioned in a following index, and made upon the bills of mortality by John Graunt ... ; with reference to the government, religion, trade, growth, ayre, diseases, and the several changes of the said city.
Author
Graunt, John, 1620-1674.
Publication
London :: Printed by Tho. Roycroft for John Martin, James Allestry, and Tho. Dicas ...,
1662.
Rights/Permissions

To the extent possible under law, the Text Creation Partnership has waived all copyright and related or neighboring rights to this keyboarded and encoded edition of the work described above, according to the terms of the CC0 1.0 Public Domain Dedication (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/). This waiver does not extend to any page images or other supplementary files associated with this work, which may be protected by copyright or other license restrictions. Please go to http://www.textcreationpartnership.org/ for more information.

Subject terms
Mortality -- England -- London.
London (England) -- Statistics, Vital.
Cite this Item
"Natural and political observations mentioned in a following index, and made upon the bills of mortality by John Graunt ... ; with reference to the government, religion, trade, growth, ayre, diseases, and the several changes of the said city." In the digital collection Early English Books Online. https://name.umdl.umich.edu/A41827.0001.001. University of Michigan Library Digital Collections. Accessed May 11, 2024.

Pages

Page 71

The Conclusion.

IT may be now asked, to what purpose tends all this laborious buzzling, and groping? To know,

  • 1. The number of the People?
  • 2. How many Males, and Females?
  • 3. How many Married, and single?
  • 4. How many Teeming Women?
  • 5. How many of every Septenary, or Decad of years in age?
  • 6. How many Fighting Men?
  • 7. How much London is, and by what steps it hath increased?
  • 8. In what time the housing is replenished after a Plague?
  • 9. What proportion die of each general and per∣ticular Casualties?
  • 10. What years are Fruitfull, and Mortal, and in what Spaces, and Intervals, they follow each other?
  • 11. In what proportion Men neglect the Orders of the Church, and Sects have increased?
  • 12. The disproportion of Parishes?
  • 13. Why the Burials in London exceed the Christ∣nings, when the contrary is visible in the Coun∣try?

To this I might answer in general by saying, that those, who cannot apprehend the reason of these En∣quiries, are unfit to trouble themselves to ask them.

Page 72

2. I might answer by asking; Why so many have spent their times, and estates about the Art of making Gold? which, if it were much known, would one∣ly exalt Silver into the place, which Gold now pos∣sesseth; and if it were known but to some one Per∣son, the same single Adeptus could not, nay, durst not enjoy it, but must be either a Prisoner to some Prince, and Slave to some Voluptuary, or else skulk obscurely up and down for his privacie, and con∣cealment.

3. I might Answer; That there is much pleasure in deducing so many abstruse, and unexpected in∣ferences out of these poor despised Bills of Mor∣tality; and in building upon that ground, which hath lain waste these eighty years. And there is pleasure in doing something new, though never so little, without pestering the World with volumi∣nous Transcriptions.

4. But, I Answer more seriously; by complain∣ing, That whereas the Art of Governing, and the true Politiques, is how to preserve the Subject in Peace, and Plenty, that men study onely that part of it, which teacheth how to supplant, and over-reach one another, and how, not by fair out-running, but by tripping up each other's heels, to win the Prize.

Now, the Foundation, or Elements of this ho∣nest harmless Policy is to understand the Land, and the hands of the Territory to be governed, accord∣ing to all their intrinsick, and accidental differen∣ces: as for example; It were good to know the Geometrical Content, Figure, and Scituation of all

Page 73

the Lands of a Kingdom, especially, according to its most natural, permanent, and conspicuous Bounds. It were good to know, how much Hay an Acre of every sort of Meadow will bear? how many Cattel the same weight of each sort of Hay will feed, and fatten? what quantity of Grain, and other Commodities the same Acre will bear in one, three, or seven years communibus Annis? unto what use each soil is most proper? All which particu∣lars I call the intrinsick value: for there is also another value meerly accidental, or extrinsick, con∣sisting of the Causes, why a parcel of Land, lying near a good Market, may be worth double to another parcel, though but of the same intrinsick goodness; which answers the Queries, why Lands in the North of England are worth but sixteen years purchase, and those of the West above eight and twenty. It is no less necessary to know how many People there be of each Sex, State, Age, Religi∣on, Trade, Rank, or Degree, &c. by the know∣ledg whereof Trade, and Government may be made more certain, and Regular; for, if men knew the People as aforesaid, they might know the con∣sumption they would make, so as Trade might not be hoped for where it is impossible. As for instance, I have heard much complaint, that Trade is not set up in some of the South-western, and North∣western Parts of Ireland, there being so many ex∣cellent Harbours for that purpose, whereas in seve∣ral of those Places I have also heard, that there are few other Inhabitants, but such as live ex sponte creatis, and are unfit Subjects of Trade, as neither

Page 74

employing others, nor working themselves.

Moreover, if all these things were clearly, and truly known (which I have but guessed at) it would appear, how small a part of the People work upon necessary Labours, and Callings, viz. how many Women, and Children do just nothing, onely learning to spend what others get? how many are meer Voluptuaries, and as it were meer Gamesters by Trade? how many live by puzling poor people with unintelligible Notions in Divini∣ty, and Philosophie? how many by perswading credulous, delicate, and Litigious Persons, that their Bodies, or Estates are out of Tune, and in dan∣ger? how many by fighting as Souldiers? how ma∣ny by Ministeries of Vice, and Sin? how many by Trades of meer Pleasure, or Ornaments? and how many in a way of lazie attendance, &c. upon others? And on the other side, how few are em∣ployed in raising, and working necessary food, and covering? and of the speculative men, how few do truly studie Nature, and Things? The more in∣genious not advancing much further then to write, and speak wittily about these matters.

I conclude, That a clear knowledge of all these particulars, and many more, whereat I have shot but at rovers, is necessary in order to good, certain, and easie Government, and even to balance Parties, and factions both in Church and State. But whether the knowledge thereof be necessary to many, or fit for others, then the Sovereign, and his chief Ministers, I leave to consideration.

Page [unnumbered]

THE TABLE OF CASƲALTIES.
                       162916331647165116551629In 20
                       163016341648165216561649Years.
                       163116351649165316571659 
The Years of our Lord164716481649165016511652165316541655165616571658165916601629163016311632163316341635163616321636165016541658  
Abortive, and stilborn3353293273513893813844334834194634674215444994394104455004755075231793200513421587183212478559
Aged9168358896967808348649747438928691176909109557971266167170462379471424752814333634523680237715757
Ague, and Fever1260884751970103812121282137168987599918002303214895610911115110895312791622236044186235386549034363401023784
Apoplex, and sodainly68746474106111118869210211313891672236 17243526 75852804214451771306
Bleach  1372   1              491115
Blasted41  66  4 5538138101364 45414512141699
Bleeding32513432735472525443  1671112191765
Bloudy Flux, Scouring, and Flux1551768022898337622003861683683622333462514494383523482785123463301587146614222181116115977818
Brunt, and Scalded361051185710574663107513123251924312619125
Calenture1  1 211  3         13 4243 13
Cancer, Gangrene, and Fistula2629311931533637733124356352201423282730243085112105157150114609
Wolf   8                   8    8
Canker, Sore-mouth, and Thrush66285442685153724481192773686441  5741579190244161133689
Childbed1611061141172062131581921772012362252261941501571121711321431632305906684987698394903364
Chrisomes, and Infants1369125410659901237128010501343108913931162114485811232596237820352268213023152113189592778453467849104788451932106
Colick, and Wind1037185827610280101851201131791161674857    3750105873413594972471389
Cold, and Cough      41362158303133241058515545545057174207007714043598
Consumption, and Cough2423220023881988235024102286286826063184275736102982341418271910171317971754195520802477515782668999991412157719744487
Convulsion68449153049356965360682870210278078417421031528718241221386418709498173421982656337713249073
Cramp  1             1000000100010012
Cut of the Stone 213 11241354648   5152251064134738
Dropsy, and Tympany1854344215084445566177046607066319316468722352522792802662503293891048173415382321298213029623
Drowned47403027495053304349636057484333293437323245139147144182215130827
Excessive drinking  2                     2  22
Executed817294324121921192220187181913121813131313625297767955384
Fainted in a Bath    1                    1  1
Falling-Sickness3223 341431 4531077256827211088974
Flox, and small pox13940011901845251279139812129482383540915233547240585317213542931277011840191327553361278510576
Found dead in the Streets669879144349112618332661382424836926342729243
French-Pox18291518212020202923255351311712121271712225348808113083392
Frighted441 3 2 11   91  1   323952221
Gout9512977568781314225344578142435253628134
Grief12131671714111710131012134182022111417520715648594547279
Hanged, and made-away themselves1110131491415914162418113688615 387371840477232222
Head-Ach 1112 26653453526      420614141746051

Page [unnumbered]

Jaundice573539494143577161414677102764759354335455463184197180212225188998
Jaw-faln11  3  22 31  10161381010411473502561095
Impostume75616559801057990921228013410596587673745062731302823152603544282281639
Itch 1                10   001001   11
Killed by several Accidents275739944745575852435247554754554746494151602022012172071941481021
King's Evil272622192220262627242328285416251838352026997150949410266537
Lethargy3424443109462641 223 2257132121967
Leprosy  1        1 22     2 221 1306
Livergrown, Spleen, and Rickets534656596572676552503851815941129987827798993923562132691911581421
Lunatique1218611711912671351414611654225281347393126158
Meagrom1213 586614367654  24    22242230342205132
Measles5923333362852111531580674422380213327121278313315525951757
Mother2    11223 3181      30132480218
Murdered3275433396577020  37 65810191713277786
Overlayd, and starved at Nurse25223628282930365853445046434101378151014344611112321586529
Palsy27211920232029182223202217211723172514212517827787908753423
Plague359761167152316616964143614 13172748 1 104001599104014290613310316384
Plague in the Guts   1 11032 87315446 253402        000001142844253991
Pleurisy3026132023191723109171612102624263621 45241129089725251415
Poysoned 3 7              2  20041000000014
Purples, and spotted Fever1454743655460758956525612636814632585838241252453971867913002782902431845
Quinsy, and Sore-throat14111217242018915137102114018672404522225554714534247
Rickets150224216190260329229372347458317476441521     14495000113780119015986573681
Mother, rising of the Lights15092115120134138135178166212203228210249447299986084721043092207775858093692700
Rupture167767167151120191812282649431013213036456821201
Scal'd-head2   1   2               212 05
Scurvy32202121294341441037182829512579 9 0025333494132300115593
Smothered, and stifled  2            24      24 2  226
Sores, Ulcers, broken and bruised Limbs151717162632253223344047614823 204819192229918965115144141504
Shot            720             07 
Spleen1217    1313 62577          2926130768
Shingles            1     1    1   1 
Starved 48712113136714        14 195132951
Stitch   1                    1   1
Stone, and Strangury4542292850414438495772692230  58565849334511418514417324751863
Sciatica             2   13 1614     
Stopping of the Stomach2929303355676610794145129277186214       6 6121295247216669
Surfet21713713612310417717821212816113721820219263157149861041141323714457216136716444013094
Swine-Pox443   1421112 58463 10 231311551057
Teeth, and Worms7675975405987099056911131803119887810368391008440506335470432454539120717512632250234363915181914236
Tissick6247            8121434231527 6865109  8242
Thrush          5766  15231740283134 9593  12315211
Vomiting16374631472716198101411256371617276912136
Worms14710710565858653       19312827192827 10574424224 124830
Wen1 1 22  1 1211  1 4   14244215
Sodainly              6359376258627834221233   63454
                            34190229250

Place this Table after Fol. 74.

Page 75

The Table of Burials, and Christnings.
Anno Dom.97 Parishes16 ParishesOut-Pa∣rishesBuried in allBesides of the PlagueChristned
16041518209770843238965458
16052014297496059484446504
160619412920935579621246614
1607187927721019567023526582
1608239132181149675822626845
1609249436101441754542406388
1610232637911369748618036785
161121523398116667166277014
 16715247808747502421475252190
16122473384314627778646986
16132406367914187503166846
16142369350414947367227208
16152446379116137850377682
1616249038761697806397985
1617239741091774828067747
16182815471520669596187735
1619233938571804799998127
 1973531374133286443617160316
16202726481921469691217845
16212438375919158112118039
16222811421723928943167894
162335914721278311095177945
162433855919289512199118299
162551439819388618848354176983
162621503286196574011346701
1627232534001988771148408
 245693994019970840003563162114
1628241233112017774038564
1629253639922243877109901
1630250642012521923713179315
163124593697213282882748524
1632270444122411952789584
1633237839362078839209997
16342937498029821089919855
163527424966294310651010034
 20694334951932773505160375774

Page 76

163628256924321012959104009522
1637228842652128868130829160
16383584592637511326136310311
1639259243442612954831410150
164029195156324611321145010850
164132485092342711767137510670
164231765245357811999127410370
1643339555523269122169969410
 23987425442521917521924480443
1644259342742574944114928104
1645252446392445960818717966
16462746487227971041523657163
16472672474930411046235977332
164824804288251592836116544
164928654714292010499675825
16502301413823108749155612
165128455002259710804236071
 210263667621199788961004154617
165232935719354612553166128
16532527463529191008166155
165433236063384513231166620
16552761514834391134897004
16563327657340151391567050
16573014564637701243046685
165836136923444314979146170
165934316988430114720365690
 25288476953027810326110751502
166030985644392612668136971
166138047309553216645208855

Page [unnumbered]

The Table following contains the Number of Burials, and Christ∣nings in the seven Parishes here under-mentioned, from the year 1636 unto the year 1659 inclusive; all which time the Burials, and Christnings were joyntly mentioned: the two last years the Christnings were omit∣ted in the yearly Bills. This Table consists of seventeen Columns, the Total of all the Burials being contained in the sixteen Columns: which Number being added to the Total in the precedent Table of Burials, and Christnings, makes the Total of every yearly, or general Bill.

Note, where there follows a second Number under any year, it denotes those, who died that year of the Plague.

Westmin.Islington,Lambeth,Stepney.Newing▪ Hackney, Rear. Tot. 7. Par. Tot. 7. Par.
An. Do. Bur.Ch.B.Ch.B.Ch.B.Ch.B.Ch.B.Ch.B.Ch.B.Ch.
16361107556995621313718958815841556877906240561924
 442 30 45 909 242 14 20 1702 
163796349694721731379528381831726870745125071836
 301 17 18 153 16 6 10 521 
1638102156311649221140120990825514610169747829971953
 126   8 11       145 
163954654388531951329709561871598453815221511948
 4 2   2     1 9 
1640754665945418714211069831891947654537724592159
 62 3 6 117     1 189 
16416976259276168137125010371701378273696425082149
 40 5 9 70   4   128 
16426716309871149124127011581601457858637624892262
 37 4 12 20 17 5 4 99 
164366659210569177114116710132401476536426724712038
 25 3 45 83 86   2 244 
1644570429615511510511879331231015445708221891750
 35 8 8 269 44 3 17 384 
1645621444556314611411718731831195860506022841753
 62 6 3 150 18 7 1 256 
1646691503846113710812309601561307663474324211868
 76 8 5 97 14 9 2 203 
164773946410856161941126926129658845424423931688

Page [unnumbered]

 40 5 9 70   4   128 
16426716309871149124127011581601457858637624892262
 37 4 12 20 17 5 4 99 
164366659210569177114116710132401476536426724712038
 25 3 45 83 86   2 244 
1644570429615511510511879331231015445708221891750
 35 8 8 269 44 3 17 384 
1645621444556314611411718731831195860506022841753
 62 6 3 150 18 7 1 256 
1646691503846113710812309601561307663474324211868
 76 8 5 97 14 9 2 203 
164773946410856161941126926129658845424423931688
 114 12 25 155 28 16 4 434 
164856138468468757837767  5742455916351305
 41 4   31   6   82 
1649558333904413155838625  9049  18071106
   1   3       4 
16504704137854885074857255656148506215501264
16515803451075112749961634172596030844520911213
16526494329936179501212657198857233743724831330
     1         1 
16535673946946120541064620195767148692121551250
165465740196651667612528032361068831754625701526
1655676414958613412811998591721206837625724061701
16567614981398917615212559632481276746664527011920
16577054731126723113712138762041239642513126121749
165889044011336220321486892181999130481629581645
1659822415116561931031392695138868350841328281418
1660783 108 183 1151 114 65 33 2437 
1661983 102 330 1561 340 102 87 3505 

Place this Table after fol. 76.

Page 77

The Table of Males and Females for London.
An. Dom.BuriedChristned
 MalesFemalesMalesFemales.
16294668410352184683
16305660489448584457
16314549401344224102
16324932460349944590
16334369402351584839
16345676522450354820
16355548510351064928
1636123771098249174605
 47779439453970837024
16376392537147034457
16387168645653594952
16395351451153664784
16406761601055185332
Total73451652936066456549
16416872627054705200
16427049622454604910
16436842636047934617
16445659527441073997
16456014546540473919
16466683609737683395
16477313674637963536
16485145474933633181
 5157747185348043275
16495454511230792746
16504548421628902722
16515680514732312840
16526543602632202908
16535416467131962959
16546972627534413179
16556027533036553349
16567365655636683382
 44005413332638024085
16576578585633963289
16587936705731573013
16597451730592092781
16607960715837243247
 2992527376131861233
Total19895218118713503412675

Page 78

The Table by Decads of years for the Country-Parish.
   Christened. Buried. 
Decads f yearsMarriedMalesFem.BothMalesFem.Both
569190312302614214221435
78
579185328309637287302589
88
589175342274616337284621
98
••••599181366377743249219468
608
609197417358775338386724
18
619168368373741305306611
28
629153418413831317319636
38
639137351357708375383758
48
649182354320674218220438
58
  1568325630836339264026405280

Page 79

The Table of the Country-Parish.
 Commu∣nicantsWed∣dingsChristnedEuried
YearsM.F.BothM.F.Both
1569 14383068232144
1570 19293261212546
1571 18282654232750
1572 23323254201434
1573 21343670241337
1574 16212950283866
1575 24372966151934
1576 22333770161834
1577 13292655192140
1578 20313566252550
  190312302614214221435
1579 15353671272754
80 21433174384179
81 29203362342458
82 22282957182139
83 22322759355287
84 15464490221941
85 15262147152742
86 18222345243761
87 13343165433679
1588 15333467311849
  185328309637287302589

Page 78

1589 20312758281644
90 16402969362157
91 12372865353065
92 14402565281947
93 20322052333265
94 24343771162238
95 16322860332861
96 9362662422971
97 232325485364117
98 21372966332366
  175342274616337284631
1599 19453176212243
600 16263460202646
601 16393271181230
602 14313263291847
603 12313869323971
604 21423577262753
605 19473481211233
606 19294170282351
607 27364783331952
608 17405393212142
  181366377743249219468

Page 79

The Table of Males and Females.
  ChristnedBuryed
YearsWeddingsM.F.Both.M.F.Both
160923303161244165
1019463076334073
1125404181413273
12205532875363116
1324413374474188
1425503585273663
1522354883283664
1614383674274168
1717453176352863
16188374178232851
 197417358775338386724
161921374380262854
2020345185183048
2121313768283664
2223453883202646
2314403676563187
2419303363293564
257374178362056
269303565212950
2718452368242953
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