The church-history of Britain from the birth of Jesus Christ until the year M.DC.XLVIII endeavoured by Thomas Fuller.

SECTION VII.

To M^r. Hamond Ward, and M^r. Richard Fuller of London Merchants.

IT is usuall for the Plaintiffe, to put two or three names upon the same Writ taken out of the Upper-Bench (alwayes provided the persons dwell in the same Coun∣ty and this is done to save Charges. My thanks doth here imbrace the same way of thrift. That so, the small stock of my History, may hold out the better amongst my many Friends and Favourers. And this my Ioynt-Dedi∣cation is the more proper, because you live in the same City, are of the same profession, and (if not formerly this may minister the welcome occasion of your future acquaintance.

BUt now a Session of Parliament was held at Westminster, wherein the House of Comm••ns pre∣sented to the Lords Spirituall and Temporall a Petition. Complaining how many Parishes, espe∣cially in the North of England and Wales, were destitute of Preachers, and no care taken to supply them. Sixteen were the particulars, whereof, the six first were against insufficient Mi∣nisters, very earnestly pressing their taking the same into their serious consideration, for speedy redress of the grievances therein contained.

• 7. That no oath or subscription might be tendered to any at their enterance into Ministry, but such as is expressely prescribed by the statutes of this Realm, except the oath against corrupt entring.
• 8. That they may not be troubled for omission of some rites or portions prescri∣bed in the Book of Common-Prayer.
• 9. That they may not be called and urged to answer before the officials, and Com∣missaries, but before the Bishops themselves.
• 10. That such as had been suspended or deprived for no other offence, but only for not subscribing, might be restored; and that the Bishops would forbear their Excommunication, ex officio mero, of godly and learned Preachers, not detected for open offence of life or apparent errour in doctrine.
• ...

• 11. That they might not be called before the High-Commission, or out of the Dio∣cess where they lived, except for some notable offence.
• 12. That it might be permitted to them in every Arch-Deaconry, to have some common exercises and conferences amongst themselves, to be limited and prescribed by the Ordinaries.
• 13. That the High censure of Excommunication, may not be denounced or execu∣ted for small matters.
• 14. Nor by Chancellours, Commissaries, or officials, but by the Bishops themselves with assistance of grave persons.
• 15. 16 That Non-residency may be quite removed out of the Church, or at least that according to the Queens Injunctions (Artic. 44.) No Non-resident having already a licence or faculty may enjoy it, unless he depute an able Curate, that may weekly preach and catechize, as is required in her Majesties in∣junctions.

Of all these particulars the house fell most fiercely on the Debate of Plurali∣ties, and (the effect thereof) Non-Residents.

2. Arch-Bishop Whitgift pleaded, that licences for Non-Residency, were at the present but seldome granted. And yet in way of recovering health by chang∣ing of Aire, of study for a time in th•• Vniversity, of mortall enmity borne by some in the parish, of prosecution of Law, or of being imployed in publick Affairs, they cannot be wholy abrogated. That there were in England foure thousand five hundred Benefices with Cure, not above ten, and most of them under eight pounds in the first fruits-book, which cannot be furnished with able Pa∣stors, as the Petitioners desire, because of the smallness of their livings. Moreover he affirmed, that what ever was pretended to the contrary, Eng∣land at that time flourished with able Ministers more then ever before, yea had more then all Christendome besides.

3. The Lord Grey rejoyned to this Assertion of more learned Ministers in the Church of England then ever heretofore, nay then in all the reformed Churches in Christendome, this, That it was not to he attributed to the Bishops or their acti∣ons, but to God, who now opened the hearts of many to see into the truth, and that the Schools were better observed.

4. The Lord Treasurer Burghley seeming to moderate betwixt them, after a long and learned oration concluded, that he was not so scrupuleus, as absolutely to like of the bill against Pluralities without any exception: for he did favour both learning, and wished a competent reward to it. And therefore could like, and allow a learned man to have two Benefices, so they were both in ene parish, that is to say, in one Diocess, and not one in the Diocess of Winchester, and ano∣ther in the North, where the severall Diocesans would have no regard of them, whereas being both in one Diocess, the Bishop would look unto them.

5. Here it was signified that her Majesty was acquainted with the matter, and that she was very forward to redress the faults, and therefore required the Bishops, not to binder her good and gracious purpose, for that her Majesty would conferr with them.

6. The Lord Gray again said, he greatly wondred at her Majesty that she would make choice to conser with those who were all enemies to Reformation; for that it meerly touched their freeholds, and therefore he thought it good, the house should make choice of some to be joyned with them; Also he wished the Bishops might be served as they were in in King Henry the 8^th dayes, when as in the case of praemunire they were all thrust out of doores.

7. Then the Lord Treasurer said, that the Bishops if they were wise would themselves be humble suiters to her Majesty, to have some of the Temporall Lords joyned with them.

8. The Lord Chamberlain utterly disliked the Lord Grayes motion, alledg∣ing that it was not to be liked of, that the Lords should appoint her Majesty any to confer withall, but that it should be left to her own election.

9. Matters flying thus high, the Arch-Bishop, with the rest of the Clergy, conceived it the safest way to apply themselves by Petition to the Queen, which they presented as followeth.

To the Queens most excellent Majesty.

THe wofull and distressed state whereinto we are like to fall, forceth us with gri••f of heart in most humble maner, to crave your Majesties most soveraign Protection. For the pretence being made the maintenance and increase of a learned ministry, when it is throughly weighed, decryeth learning, spo••leth their livings, taketh away the s••t form of prayer in the Church, and is the means to bring in confusion and Barbarisme. How dangerous innovations are in a setled estate, whosoever hath judgeme••t perceiveth Set dangers apart, yet such great inconviniences may ensae, as will make a state lamentable and miserable. Our n••ighbours miseries might make us fearfull, but that we know who tales the same. All the reformed Churches in Europe, cannot compare with England in the num∣ber of learned Ministers. These benefits of your Majesties most sacred and are fall Government with hearty joy we feel, and humbly acknowledge; senceless are they that rep••ne at it, and careless w••o lightly regard it. The respect hereof made the Prophet to say; Dii estis. All the faithfull and discreet Clergy say, ô Dea certè. Nothing is impossible with God. Re∣quests without grounded reasons are lightly to be rejected. We therefore not as directors, but as humble Remembrancers beseech your Highness favou∣rable beholding of our present state: And what it will be in time to come, if the Bill against Pluralities should take any place.

To the Petition were annexed a catalogue of those inconveniences to the State present, State to come, Cathedrall Churches, Universities to her Maje∣sty, to Religion, in case pluralities were taken away, here too large, to be inserted. So that in effect, nothing was effected, as in relation to this matter, but things left in sta••u quo prius, at the dissolution of this Parliament.

10. Amongst the mortalities of this year, most remarkable the death of Richard Barn∣es Bishop of Durham, one commendable in himself, but much suffering for the corruption, and viciousness of John Barnes his brother and Chancellour. This Bishop was bred in Brasen-nose Colledge, made Suffragan of Nottingham, (the last I beleeve who wore that title,) and be∣haved himself very gravely in his Diocess. A great friend at last to Bernard Gilpin, (though at first by some ill instruments incensed against him) and seeing they were loving in their lives, their memories in my Book shall not be divided, though I confess the later died some three years before.

11. This Bernard Gilpin, born of a right worshipfull family, at Kent∣mir•• in Westmerland, had Cuthbert Tonstali Bishop of Durham for his great Vncle, he was bred first in Queens Colledgs, then Christs-Church in Oxford, and no doubt the prayers of Peter Martyr conduced to his conversion, to be a Pro∣testant. For he hearing this Gilpin dispute cordially on the Popish party, desired of God that so good affections might not be misguided, and at last obtained his desire.

12. He Weathered out the Raign of Queen Mary; partly with his travels beyond the seas, (chiefly residing at Lovain, and Paris) partly, after his return by the favour of his Uncle Tonstall. Before whom he was often cited, (chiefly about the Eucharist) but was discharged by confessing the reall presence, and that the manner thereof transcended his apprehension. Tonstall not inforcing him to the particularity of Transubstantiation, as using himself to complain on Pope Innocent, for defining, de modo to be an article of faith. However his foes so hardly beset him, that once he or∣dered his servant to provide for him a long shroud, not for his winding, but burning sheet, as expecting at last he should be brought to the stake for his religion. But men may make cloaths either for mirth or for mourning, whilst God alone orders whether or no they shall wear them.

13. After the coming of Queen Elizabeth to the Crown, he with more earnestnes refused a Bishoprick, then others affected it. His parsonage at Haughton, as it might seem a Bishops Palace for building, so was it no less for hospitality. Fourteen Villages belonging to that mother Church, the poor whereof (besides many others) were daily relieved at his door, twen∣ty Scholars he commonly boarded in his house, which seemed a little Colledge. In a word, he was commonly called Father Gilpin, and well deserved it, for his paternall affections to all. Making his yearly progress into Rheadsdale, and Tinsdale in Northumberland, (where people sat in dark∣ness of ignorance, and shaddow of death) and instructing them by his hea∣venly preaching.

14. Now began that fatall yearl generally foretold that it would be wonderfull as it proved no less. Whence the Astrologers fetcht their intelli∣gence hereof; whether from Heaven, or Hell, from other Stars, or from Lucifer alone, is uncertain: this is most sure, that this prediction, though hitting the mark, yet miss'd their meaning, who both first reported, and most believed it. Out comes their invincible Navie and Army, perfectly ap∣pointed for both Elements, Water, and Land, to Sail and March compleat in all warlike Equipage: so that formerly, with far less provision, they had conquered another new world. Mighty was the bulk of their ships, the sea seeming to groan under them, (being a burden to it, as they went, and to themselves, before they returned) with all manner of artillery, prodigi∣ous in number, and greatness, so that the report of their guns do stil, and ought ever, to sound in the ears of the English, not to fright them with any terrour, but to fill them with deserved thankfulness.

15. It is said of Senacherib, coming against Hierusalem with his nume∣rous army, bya the way that he came shall he return, and shall not come into this City saith the Lord: as the later part of his threatning was verified here, no Spantard setting foot on English ground, under other notion then a pri∣soner; so, God did not them the honour to return the same way, who coming by South-East, a way they knew, went back by South-West, a way they sought, chased by our ships, past the 57^th Degree of Northen Latitude, then and there left to be pursued after by hunger and cold. Thus having tasted the English valour in conquering them, the Scotch constancy in not relieving them, the Irish cruelty in barbarous butchering them, the small reversion of this great navie which came home, might be look'd upon by religious eyes, as reliques, not for the adoration, but instruction of their nation hereafter, not to account any thing invincible which is less then infinite.

16. Such as lose themselves by looking on second causes impute the Spanish ill success, partly to the Prince of Parma, who either mind-bound or wind-bound, staying himself, or stopt by the Hollander, would or could not come to their seasonable succour, and partly to the Duke of Medina's want of commission to fight with the English, (save on the defensive) till

joyned with Parma. Thus when God will have a designe defeated, amidst the plenty, yea superfluity of all imaginable necessaries, some unsuspected one shall be wanting to frustrate all the rest. We will not mention (save in due distance of helps) the industry, and loyalty of the Lord H••ward Admi∣rall, the valour of our captains, the skill of our pilots, the activity of our ships, but assigne all to the goodness of God, as Queen Elizabeth did. Leave we her in the Quire of Pauls church, devoutly on her knees with the rest of her Nobles in the same humble posture, returning their unseigned thanks to the God and giver of all victory, whilst going abroad, we shall finde some of her subjects worse employed in implacable enmity about Ecclesiasticall discipline one against another. And let not the mentioning of this deliverance be censured as a deviation from the Church-History of Britain. Silence thereof being a sin, for had the designe took effect, neither Prote∣stant Church in Britain had remained, nor History thereof been made at this present.

17. But bullets did not fly about so much at sea, as bastardly Libels by land, so fitly call'd, because none durst father them, for their issue. They are known, though not by their Parents, by their names.

• 1 The Epitome
• 2 The demonstration of di∣scipline
• 3 The Supplication
• 4 Diotrephes
• 5 The Minerals
• 6 Have you any work for the (Cooper?
• 7 Martin Seignior
• 8 Martin Junior
  • Mar∣prelate.
• 9 More work for the Cooper (&c.

The main drift and scope of these pamphlets, for know one and know all (these foule mouth'd papers, like Blackmoors, did all look alike) was to defame and disgrace the English Prelates, scoffing at them for their garb, gate, apparel, vanities of their youth, naturall defects, and personall infirmities; it is strange how secretly they were printed, how speedily dispers'd, how generally bought, how greedily read, yea and how firmly beleeved, espe∣cially of the common sort, to whom no better musick then to hear their betters upbraided.

18. Some precise men of that side thought these jeering pens well em∣ployed. For having formerly, (as they say) tried all serious and sober means to reclaim the Bishops, which hitherto proved uneffectuall: they thought it not amiss to try this new way, that whom they could not in earnest make odious, in sport they might render ridiculous. Wits will be working, and such as have a Satyricall vein, cannot better vent it then in lashing of sin. Besides, they wanted not a warrant (as they conceived) in Holy Writ, where it was no soloecisme to the gravity of Eliah to mock a Baals priests out of their superstition chiefly, this was conceived would drive on their designe, strengthen their party by working on the peoples affections, which were marvelously taken with the reading thereof.

19. But the more discreet and devout sort of men, even of such as were no great friends to the Hierarchy, upon solemn debate then resol∣ved, (I speak on certain knowledge from the mouths of such whom I must believe) that for many foul falsehoods therein suggested, such Books were altogether unbeseeming a pious spirit, to print, publish, or with pleasure peruse, which supposed true both in matter and measure, charity would rather conceal, then discover. The best of men being so conscious of their own badness, that they are more carefull to wash their own faces, then busie to throw durt on others. Any man may be witty in a bitting way, and those that have the dullest brains, have commonly the sharpest teeth to that purpose. But such carnall mirth, whilst it tickles the flesh, doth

wound the s••ul. And which was the main, these base books would give a great advantage to the generall foe, and Papists would make too much use thereof against Protestant religion especially seeing ana Arch-Angell thought himself too good to bring, and Sathan not bad enough to have railing speeches brought against him.

20. Bu•• leaving private men to abound in their own sense, how high∣ly the state (as it then stood) distasted these books, will plainly appe•• by the heavie censures inflicted on such as were but accessatie thereunto. To pass by John Henry, and John Vdall ministers, accused for making some of them, (of whom in due place) together with the Printers, and Humphry Newman, a Cohler▪ chief disperser of them: The Star••-Chamber deeply sined S^r. Richard Knightly, and S^r. 〈◊〉〈◊〉 Wigstow for entertaining and re∣ceiving the Press Gentlemen, whom theirb advers••rt••s allow qualified with piety, gravity, and wisdome, which made many admire how their discre∣tion could be deluded, and more bemoan that their goodness should be a∣bused••y others, who had designes upon them. Here ••rch-Bishop Whitgist be∣stirr'd himself to improve his interest with the Queen, till his importunity had angred her & till his importunity had pleased her again, that they might be de¦livered out of prison, and eased of their fines, which upon their submission was performed. Whose mildness to mediate for his adversaries, as it was highly commended by some, so there wanted not those, who imputed his moderation therein to declining of envie, gaining of applause, and remorse of his own con∣science for over rigorous proceedings: it being no charity to cure the wound he hath caused, and solicit the remitting of those fines, which he had procured to be imposed. Thus impossible it is to please froward spirits, and to make them like the best deed, who dislike the doer thereof; and if any desire to know the motions and stages of the Press, which printed these books, know it was first set up atd Moul••y near Kingston in Surrey, thence con∣veyed 〈◊〉〈◊〉 Fausly in Northamotonshire, thence to Norton, and afterwards to Coventry Hence it was removed to Welstone in Warwick-shire, whence the Letters were sent to another Pr••ss, in or near Manchester, and there disco∣vered by Henry Earle of Da••by, in the printing of more work for the C••oper. No wonder then if many 〈◊〉〈◊〉 were committed by this (call it as you please P••lgr••me or Vagabond) Press, when it self was ever in a wandring and stragling condition.

21. A 〈◊〉〈◊〉 of the Pr••shyterians, of the Warwick-shire Classes, was call'd at Coventry, ai•• oectmo, quart••; that is, on the 10^th of April: where∣in the questions, brought the last year from the Brethren of Cambridge Syn••d, were resolved in manner as followeth.

• 1. Thate private Baptisme was unlawfull.
• 2. That it is not lawfull to read Homilies in the Church.
• 3. That the signe of the Cross is not to be used in Baptisme.
• 4. That th•• faithfull ought not to communicate with unlearned Ministers, although they may be present at thei•• service, if they come of purpose to hear the sermon, the reason is, because Laymen as well as Ministers may read publick service.
• 5. Tha•• the calling of Bishops &c. is unlawfull.
• 6. That as they deal in causes Ecclesiasticall, there is no duty belonging unto, nor any publickly to be given them.
• 7. That it is not lawfull to be ordained Ministers by them, or to denounce either ••uspensions, or excommunications s••nt from them.
• 8. That it is not lawfull to rest in the Bishops deprivat on of any from the Mi∣nistry, except (upon consultation with the neighbour Ministers adjoyning

• and his flock) it seems so good unto them: but that he continue in the same untill he be compell'd to the contrary by civill force.
• 9. That it is not lawfull to appear in a Bishops Court, but with protestation of their unlawfulness.
• 10. That Bishops are not to be acknowledged either for Doctors, Elders, or Dea∣cons, as having 〈◊〉〈◊〉 ordinary calling.
• 11. That touching the restauration of their Ecclesiasticall Discipline, it ought to be taught to the people as occasion shall serve.
• 12. That (as yet) the people are not to be solicited (publickly) to the pra∣ctise of the Discipline, (till) they be better instructed in the knowledge of it.
• 13. That men of better understanding are to be allured privately to the pre∣sent embracing of the Discipline, and practise of it, as far as they shall be well able, with the peace of the Church.

Likewise in the same assembly the aforesaid Book of discipline was appro∣ved to be a draught essentiall and necessary for all times; and certain articles (devised in approbation, and for the manner of the use thereof,) were brought forth, treated of, and subscribed unto, by M^r. Cartwright, and others, and afterwards tendered far and near to the severall Classes, for a ge∣nerall ratification of all the Brethren.

22. Now if Rebeccah found her self strangely affected whena twinns strugled in her wombe, the condition of the English Church must be conceived sad, which at the same time had two disciplines, both of them pleading Scrip∣ture and Primitive practise, each striving to support it self, and suppress it's rivall. The Hierarchy commanded by authority, established by law, con∣firmed by generall practise, and continued so long by custome in this land, that had one at this time lived the age of Methuselah he could not remember the beginning thereof in Britain. The Presbytery, though wanting the stamp of authority, claiming to be the purer metall founded by some Clergie men, favoured by many of the Gentry, and followed by more of the Common sort, who being prompted with that naturall principle, that the weakest side must be most watchfull, what they wanted in strength, they supplied in activity. But what won them most repute, was their Mi∣nisters painfull preaching in populous places: It being observed in England, that those who hold the Helme of the pulpit, alwayes steere peoples hearts as they please. The worst is, that in matters of fact, all relations in these times are relations, I mean much resent of party and interest to the preju∣dice of truth. Let me minde the Reader to reflect his eye on our Quotati∣ons, (the Margin, in such cases being as materiall as the Text, as contei∣ning the authors) and his judgement may, according to the credit or refe∣rence of the Author alledged believe, or abate, from the reputation of the report. Let me add, that though it be a lie in the Clock, it's but a false∣hood in the Hand of the Diall, when pointing at a wrong hour, if rightly following the direction of the wheele which moveth it. And the fault is not mine, if ••truly cite what is false on the credit of another. The best certain∣ty in this kinde we are capable of, is, what we finde in the confessions of the parties themselves, deposed on oath, taken by publick notaries, and re∣corded in court: for such, who herein will flie higher for true intelligence, then the Starr-Chamber, must fetch it from heaven himself.

23. In that Court we finde confessed by one M^r.b Johnson, (formerly a great Presbyterian, but afterwards, it seems falling from that side, he dis∣covered many passages to their disadvantage) how that when the Book of Discipline came to Northampton to be subscribed unto, there was a generall censuring used amongst the brethren there, as it were to sanctifie themselves;

partly by sustaining a kinde of pennance and reproof for their former con∣formity to the Orders of the Church; and partly to prepare their mindes for the devout accepting of the aforesaid Book. In which course of censu∣ring used at that time, there was such a ripping up one of anothers life, even from their youth, as that they came to bitterness, and reviling tearms a∣mongst themselves; one growing thereby odious to another, and some did thereupon utterly forsake those kinds of Assemblies. O, how wofull the 〈◊〉〈◊〉 of the English Church, whilst her 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 her ministers, and un∣der-••owers, some tugged it one way, and others towing it another; enough almost to split her in pieces, with the violence of their contrary Disci∣pline.

24. Leave we them for a while, to behold how the Popish Clergy were employed, who in the beginning of this year, were as busie as Bees, newly ready to swarme. A Book was set forth called the admonition, dispersed amongst Catholicks, and highly cried up, consisting of severall Parts, not unfit to be here recited.

1. The Authors make their entrance into the discourse, with a most odious and shamefull declamation against her Majesty, stirring up her subjects hearts to contempt of her highness, as being one odious to God and man.

They threaten the Nobility, Gentry &c. with loss of all their goods, their Lands, their Lives, and with damnation besides; except that presently upon the landing of the Spaniards, they joyned themselves, and all their forces, men, munition, victuals, and whatsoever else they could make with their Catholick Army, (forsooth) for the words be these.

If you will avoid (say they) the Popes, the Kings, and other Princes high indignation; let no man of what degree soever, abet, aid, defend or acknowledge her &c. adding that otherwise they should incurr the Angels Curse and Malediction, and be as deeply excommunicated as any, because that in taking her Majesties part, they should fight against God, against their lawfull King, against their Countrey, and that notwithstanding all they should do, they should but defend her highness bootless to their own present destruction, and eternall shame.

2. After all those, and many other such threats, in a high and military stile, to scarr fools with, then they come to some more milde per∣swasions, and promise the noble men, that so they joyn with the duke of PARMA upon the receipt of their Admonition, they will intreat that their whole houses shall not perish. For Persons did instigate the English Cardinall to swear by his Honour, and in the word of a Cardinall, that in the fury of their intended Massacre, their should as great care be taken of every Catholick and penitent person, as possibly could be, and that he was made a Cardinall of purpose to be sent then into England for the sweet managing of those Affairs.

3. Other arguments they used drawn from the certainty of the victory, as that all the Protestants would either turn their Coats, Copies, arms, or fly away, in fear and torment of the Angel of God prosecu∣ting them; that although none of her Majesties subjects should assist the Spaniards, yet their own forces, which they brought with them were strong enough, their provision sufficient, their appoint∣ment so surpassing: that they had more expert Captains, then her Ma∣jesty had good souldiers, all resolute to be in the Cause, which they

had undertaken: that the Blood of all the blessed Bishops shed in this Land, and all the saints in heaven prayed for the Spaniards victory, that all the vertuous Priests of our Country, both at Home and A∣broad, had stretched forth their sacred hands to the same end: that many priests were in the Camp to serve every spiritual mans necessi∣ty: that their forces were guarded with all Gods Holy Angels; with Christ himself in the soveraign Sacrament, and with the daily most holy oblation, of Christs own dear body and blood: that the Spaniards being thus assisted with so many helps, though they had been never so few they could not lose, and that her Majesty and her Assistants wanting these helps, although they were never so fierce, never so proud, never so many, never so well appointed, yet they could not prevail. Fear you not (say they to such as would take their part) they cannot. And thus far out of their said Jesuiticall Admonition.

The Book goes under the name of Cardinall Allen, though the secular Priests say he was but the Cloak-father thereof, and thata Parsons the Jesu∣ite made it. Others conceive it equivocally begotten, as the result and extract of severall brains. No doubt had the Spanish Invasion succeeded, happy he who could have laid claim to so prophetical a piece: and they would have fallen out as the two Harlots about the living Child, who should have been Parent thereof. Whereas now on the miscarriage of their great Navie, all disclaimed the Book, and Parsons procured the whole impression to be burnt, (save someb few sent abroad before hand to his friends) that it might not remain a monument of their falsehood. And now the Popish Priests, some lurk't here in holes, other fled into forraign parts, their confusion being the greater for their former confidence. Thus Sisera comes off the more coldly, when stript out of the garment of di∣vers colours wherewith his mother had arrayed him, in her fancy running faster, then the wheels of her sons Charriot to his imaginary conquest.

25. This year died Edwin Sands Arch-Bishop of Yorke, born in Lanca∣shire of worshipfull Parentage, bred in Cambridge, banished to Germany, after this promoted to be Bishop of Worcester, then succeeded Grindal in London, and Yorke, an excellent and painfull preacher, and of a pious and Godly life, which increased in his old age, so that by a great and good stride, whilst he had one foot in the Grave, he had the other in Heaven. He was buried in Southwell, and it is hard to say, whether he was more emi∣nent in his own Vertues, or more happy in his Flourishing Posterity.

26. The next year produced not any great Church matters in its self, but was only preparatory to the ripening of business, and raising the char∣ges against the principall Patrons of Nonconformity. Indeed Arch-Bishop Whit∣gift according to his constant custome and manner, repaired daily to the Councell-Table early in the morning, and after an usuall apprecation of a Good-morrow to the Lords, he requested to know if there were any Church business to be debated, and if the answer were returned in the Affirmative, He stayed and attended the issue of the matter. But if no such matter ap∣peared, he craved leave to be dispensed withall, saying, Then my Lords, here is no need of me, and departed. A commendable practise clearing himself from all aspersions of civill-pragmaticallness, and tending much to the just support of his reputation.

27. On the first of September M^r. Cartwright, Batchelor in Divinity, was brought before Her Majesties Commissioners, there to take his oath, and give in his positive answer to the following Articles.

• 1. IMprimis,a We do object and articulate against him, that he, be∣ing a Minister (at least a Deacon) lawfully called, according to the godly laws, and orders of this Church of England hath forsaken, abandoned, and renounced the same orders Ecclesiastical, as an antichristian, and unlawfull manner of calling, unto the Ministry, or Deaconship.
• 2. Item, that he departing this Realm into forraign parts, without li∣cense, as a man discontented with the form of Government Ecclesi∣asticall here by law established, the more to testifie his dislike and con∣tempt thereof, and of the manner of his former Vocation, and Ordina∣tion, was contented in forraign parts (as at Antwerpe, Middeburgh, or elsewhere) to have a new Vocation, Election, or Ordination, by impo∣sition of hands unto the Ministry, or unto some other order or de∣gree Ecclesiasticall, and in other manner and form, than the laws Ecclesiasticall of this Realm do prescribe. Let him declare upon his oath the particular circumstances thereof.
• 3. Item, that by vertue or colour of such his later Vocation, Election, or Ordination, becoming a pretended Bishop, or Pastor, of such Congregation as made choice of him, he established, or procured to be established at Antwerp, and at Middleburgh among Merchants, and others, Her Majesties Subjects, a certain Consistory, Seminary, Presbytery, or Eldership Ecclesiastical, consisting of himself, being Bishop, or Pastor, (and so President thereof) of a Doctor, of certain Ancients, Sentours, or Elders for government Ecclesiastical, and of Deacons for distributing to the poor.
• 4. Item, that the said Eldership, and the authority thereof, certain English-born Subjects were called, elected, or ordained by imposi∣tion of hands, to be Ministers, or Ecclesiastical Doctors (being not of that degree before) as Hart, Travers, Grise, or some of them; and some that were also Ministers afore, according to the orders of the Church of England, as Fenner, Acton, were so called, and other English Subjects were also called, and likewise ordained Elders, and some others were ordained Deacons, in other manner and form, than the laws Ecclesiasticall of the Realm do prescribe, or allow of.
• 5. Item, that such Eldership so established, under the Presidentship of him the said Thomas Cartwright, had used (besides this authority of this Vocation, and Ordination of Officers ecclesiasticall) the Cen∣sures, and keyes of the Church, as publick admonition, suspension from the Supper, and from execution of offices ecclesiastical, and the censures of excommunication; likewise authority of making laws, degrees, and orders ecclesiastical, and of dealing with the doctrine, and manners of all persons in that Congregation, in all matters whatsoever so far as might appertain to conscience.
• 6. Item, that he the said Thomas Cartwright, in the publick administra∣tion of his Ministry there, among Her Majesties Subjects, used not the forme of liturgie, or Book of Common-Prayer, by the laws of this land established, nor in his government ecclesiasticall, the laws and orders of this land, but rather conformed himself in both to the use and form of some other forraign Churches.
• 7. Item, that since his last return from beyond the Seas, being to be placed at Warwick, he faithfully promised (if he might be but tole∣rated to preach) not to impugne the laws, orders, policy, govern∣ment, nor governours in this Church of England, but to perswade, and procure, so much as he could, both publickly, and privately, the estimation, and peace of this Church.
• 8. Item, That he, having no Ministry in this Church (other then such as

• before he had forsaken, and still condemneth as unlawful) and with∣out any license (as Law requireth) he hath since taken upon him to preach at Warwick, and at sundry other places of this Realm.
• 9. Item, That since his said return, in sundry private conferences, with such Ministers and others, as at sundry times by word, and letter, have asked his advice, or opinion, he hath shewed mislike of the Laws, and Government Ecclesiastical, and of divers parts of the Li∣turgie of this Church; and thereby perswaded, and prevailed also with many in sundry points, to break the orders and form of the Book of Common-Prayer, who observed them before, and also to oppose themselves to the Government of this Church, as himself well knoweth, or verily believeth.
• 10. Item. That in all, or most of such his Sermons, and Exercises, he hath taken occasion to traduce, and enveigh against the Bishops, and other governours under them in this Church.
• 11. Item, That he hath grown so far in hatred, and dislike towards them, as that at sundry times, in his prayer at Sermons, and namely, Preach∣ing at Banbury, about a year since, in such place as others well disposed pray for Bishops, he prayed to this, or like effect; Because that they, which ought to be pillars in the Church, do bend themselves against Christ, and his truth, therefore O Lord give us grace, and power, all as one man, to set our selves against them. And this in effect (by way of emphasis) he then also repeated.
• 12. Item, that preaching at sundry times and places, he usually reacheth at all occasions, to deprave, condemn, and impugn the manner of Or∣dination of Bishops, Ministers and Deacons; sundry points of the Po∣litie, Government, Laws, Orders, and rights Ecclesiastical, and of the publick Liturgie of the Church of England, contained in the Book of Common-Prayer; as namely, the use of the Surplis, the Interroga∣tories to God-Fathers, &c. in the name of the Infants, the Cross in Baptism, the Ring in Marriage, the Thanksgiving after Child-birth▪ Burials by Ministers, the Kneeling at Communion, some points of the Letany, certain Collects and Prayers, the reading of portions of Scripture for the Epistle and Gospel, and the manner of Singing in Cathedral Churches, and others.
• 13. Item, That preaching at the Baptizing of one of Job Throgmortons chil∣dren, he spoke much of the unlawfulness, and in derogation of the Government, Politie, Laws, and Liturgy Ecclesiastical of this Realm; and to the justification of a Government by Elderships in every Con∣gregation, and by Conference, and Synods, &c. abroad, as Divine Institutions commanded by Christ, and the onely lawful Church∣government; seeking to prove and establish such Elderships out of that word in one of the Psalms, where Thrones are mentioned.
• 14. Item, That by toleration, and impunity, he did grow so confident, and withal implacable against the Laws, Government, and Orders of this Church of England, that he could not endure M^r Bourdman, and others (preaching sundry times at Warwick) to speak in defence there∣of, but took upon him to confute in sundry Sermons there, these things which the said Bourdman had truly, and dutifully, in that behalf spoken, and delivered.
• 15. Item, That in his Sermons at Warwick, and elsewhere, within the said time, he often delivered many frivolous, strange, and undiscreet posi∣tions; as namely, that to kneel down and pray when a man comes into the Church, to pray there privately, was but to offer the sacri∣fice of fools. That it was requisite, all the hearers that were able should stand upon their feet during Sermons; and discoursing about

• women, and their child-birth, &c. did speak thereof so indiscreetly, and offensively, that sundry of them in great grief, had conspired to have mischieved him with stones in the open streets.
• 16. Item, That by his perswasions, privately and publickly delivered, sundry persons in and about Warwick, were appointed to impugn, both in words and deeds, the Laws, Orders, and rights prescribed by the Book of Common-Prayer; insomuch as both his own wife by his procurement and consent, refused after child-birth, to come, and give thanks in such place of the Church, and in that solemn manner as thereby is prescribed; and some other women also of that Town, by such perswasion, and example, did use the like contempt.
• 17. Item, That sundry times (or at least once) when he communicated at the Lords Supper there, he sate, or stood upon his feet; and di∣vers others, induced by his perswasions, and example, both then and at other times did the like. And, that at other times there, or in other places where he hath communicated, both himself and others, (as he had appointed or perswaded afore) did walk along, and receive the Sacrament of the Ministers as they passed by him.
• 18. Item, That for these, and such like disorders, he was presented to the Bishop of Wigorne, his Ordinary. Before whom being convented in the Consistory there, he spake to the justification, and upholding of such doing of his, and of others: and there very publickly, and offensively affirmed, and disputed, That the Book of Common-Prayer, &c. is not established by Law.
• 19. Item, That when by authority from the said Bishop, for his contempt he was suspended from preaching, & ab omni functione Ministerii, he appealed from the said suspension, yet did not prosecute within a year after, whereby (the cause being according to Law remitted again to the Bishop) he, the said Thomas Cartwright, according to the former proceedings, falling again into the sentence of suspension (which was also intimated, and made known unto him) nevertheless in contempt of the Authority Ecclesiastical, he hath preached at Warwick Coventry, and elsewhere since the said time.
• 20. Item, When one of his men-servants had committed Fornication, and gotten a bastard in his house, he, taking upon him the authority of the Ordinary, did appoint unto the delinquent a publick form of pe∣nance, or satisfaction, in Saint Maries-Church at Warwick, and caused him to perform the same.
• 21. Item, Since his placing at Warwick he, with others (at such times as they thought fit) have agreed to have, and so have had, divers publick Fasts, without the Queen her Authority, and have invited, and perswaded both sundry persons to be there present, and also cer∣tain to preach, to the number of three, four, or five, successively one after another, being all noted to be such, as mislike and impugn sundry points of the Laws, Government, and Liturgy Ecclesiastical of this Church of England. In which Sermons, both he the said Cartwright, and such others also as then preached, did impugn, and enveigh against the present Laws, Government, Politie, and Liturgy Ecclesiastical of this Church of England.
• 22. Item, That from time to time, since his aboad in Warwick, by his pra∣ctice and dealing, he hath nourished a faction, and heart-burning of one inhabitant there against another, severing them in his own, and his followers speeches, by the names of The Godly, or Brethren favo••∣ring sincerity, and The Profane.
• 23. Item, That he doth know, or credibly heard, who were the penners, printers, or some of the dispersers of the several Libels, going under

• the name of Martin Mar-Prelate, of the Demonstration of Discipline, of Diotrephes, and such like books, before it was known to Authority; and yet in favour of such, and contempt of good laws, did not manifest the same to any who had authority to punish it.
• 24. Item, that being asked his opinion of such books, he answered thus in effect, or somthing tending this way, viz. (meaning the Bishops, and others there touched) would not amend by grave books, and advertisements, and therefore it was meet they should thus be dealt with, to their further reproach and shame.
• 25. Item, that for, and in the behalf of the Church of England, he penned, or procured to be penned, all or some part, of a little book intituled in one part, Disciplina Ecclesiae sacra Verbo Dei descripta; and in the other part, Disciplina Synodicaex Ecclesiarumusu &c. And, after it was perused by others, whom he first acquainted therewith, he recommended the same to the censures, and judgements of moe brethren (being learned Preachers) and some others, assembled together by his means, for that and other like purposes: Which, after deliberation, and some alterations, was by them, or most of them, allowed, as the only lawfull Church government, and fit to be put in practice; and the wayes and means for the practising thereof in this Realm, were also then, or not long after, agreed or conclu∣ded upon by them.
• 26. Item, that for the better and more due practise of it within the space of these seven, six, five, foure, three, two or one year last past, the said Thomas Cartwright, and sundry others (as aforesaid according to former appointment and determinations by them made) have met in Assemblies, termed Synods, more general (as at London, at Terms, and Parliament times; in Oxford at the Act; in Cambridg at the times of Commencement, and Sturbridge-fair) and also more particular, and Provinciall Synods, and at Classes, or Conferences of certain selected Ministers, in one, or moe places of sundry seve∣rall shires, as, Warwick, Northampton, R••tland, Oxford, Leicester, Cambridge, Norfolke, Suffolke, Essex, and others.
• 27. Item, that at such Synods and Conferences, it hath been concluded, that all the Ministers, which should be received to be either of the said generall Synods, or of any more particular and Provincial, or of a Classis, or Conference, should subscribe to the said Discipline, that they did allow it, would promote it, practise it, and be govern∣ed by it. And according to the form of a schedule hereunto annex∣ed, or such like, both he the said Thomas Cartwright, and many o∣thers, at sundry, or some generall Assemblies, as at Provincial, and at several conferences, have within the said time, subscribed the same, or some part thereof.
• 28. Item, that at such Synods and all other Assemblies, a moderator of that meeting, was first by him and them chosen, according to the prescription of the said book. And at some of such meetings, and Assemblies amongst other things, it was resolved, and concluded; that such particular conferences in severall Shires should be erected; how many persons, and with what letters from every of them, should be sent to the generall Assembly; and that one of them, at their coming home to their Conference, should make known the determinations of the generall Assembly, to be by every of them followed, and put in practice: which course in sundry places of this Realm hath (within the time aforesaid) been accordingly followed and performed.
• ...

• 29. Item, that he with others in some such Classis or Conference; or in a Synod, or more generall Assembly holden, did treat, and dispute (among other points) these six Articles conteined in another sche∣dule annexed, and set down their resolution, and determination of them.
• 30. Item, that he, with others assembled in such a generall Assembly, or Synod at Cambridge, did conclude, and decree (as in another schedule annexed, or in some part thereof is conteined) which de∣crees were made known afterwards at Warwick, to sundry Classes there by his means assembled, and allowed also by them then met to∣gether in the same or like form.
• 31. Item, that all such severall meetings, Synods, and Conferences, within the said time, many other determinations, as well what should be done and performed, or omitted; as also what should be holden consonant to Gods word, or disagreeing from it, have been set down by the said Thomas Cartwright and others. As namely, that all admitted to either Assembly should subscribe the said book of Discipline, Holy, and Synodicall: that those who were sent from any Conference to a Synod, should bring letters fiduciarie, or credence: that the last Moderator should write them: that the superscription thereof should be to a known man of the Assembly then to be hol∣den: that no book made by any of them should be put in print, but by consent of the Classis at least: that some of them must be ear∣nest, and some more milde and temperate, whereby there may be both of the spirit of Elias, and Elizeus: that all admitted amongst them, should subscribe, and promise, to conform themselves in their proceedings, administration of Sacraments, and of Discipline, to the form of that Book; and that they would subject themselves to the censuring of the Brethren, both for doctrine and life: and lastly, that upon occasion, when any their brethren shall be sent by them upon affairs of the Church (as to the great meetings, Parlia∣ment &c.) they all would bear their charges in common: that there might be no superiority amongst them, and that the Modera∣torship (as it happ'ned) is not a superiority, or honour, but a bur∣den: that no profane writer, or any other, than Canonical Scrip∣ture may be alledged in Sermons: that they should all teach, that the ministry of those who did not preach, is no ministry, but a meer nullity: that it is not lawfull to take any oath, whereby a man may be driven to discover any thing penal to himself, or to his brother, especially if he be perswaded the matter to be lawfull, for which the punishment is like to be inflicted; or having taken it in this case, need not discover the very truth: that to a Bishop, or other Offi∣cer ecclesiasticall (as is used now in the Church of England) none o∣bedience ought to be given, neither in appearing before them, in doing that which they command, nor in abstaining from that which they inhibit: that in such places as the most of the people fa∣voured the cause of sincerity, Eldership should warily and wisely be placed and established, which Consistory in some places hath been either wholy, or in part erected accordingly; yea, in some Col∣ledges in the University, as he knoweth, hath heard, or verily be∣leeveth.

These Articles were tendered to M^r. Cartwright in the Consistory of Pauls, before John Almare Bishop of London, the two Lord Chief Justices, Justice Gawdy, Sergeant Puckering (afterwards Lord keeper) and Attorney-Generall Popham.

28. These Commissioners did move him to give in his answer (the rather because the chief points in the Jnterrogatories were delivered in general terms unto him) and they severally assured him on their credits, that by the Laws of the Realm, he was to take his oath, and to answer as he was required. But M^r. Cartwright desired to be born withall; pleading, that he thought he was not bound by the laws of God so to do. Hereupon he was sent to the rest of his brethren to the Fleet, where he secretly, and silently took up his lodging; many admiring at the pannick peaceableness, and so quiet a calm, where so violent a tempest was feared to arise.

29. Some soon after expected the appearance of the Presbyterian party, accounting it more valour to free, than to keep their friends from prison. The rather, because of a passage in a letter of M^r. Wigingtons to one M^r. Porter at Lancaster.

M^r. Cartwright is in the Fleet for the refusall of the oath, (as I hear) and M^r. Knewstubs is sent for, and sundry worthy Ministers are disqui∣eted, who have been spared long. So that we look for some Bickering ere long, and then a Battle which cannot long endure.

Words variously expounded, as mens fancies directed them. Some con∣ceived that this Bickering, and Battle did barely import a passive conflict, wherein their patience was to encounter the power of their adversaries, and to conquer by suffering. Parallel to the Apostlesa words Without were fightings, meaning combats to wrastle with in many difficulties opposing their proceedings. Others expounded the words literally (not of a tame, but wilde Battle) and of some intended violence, as if shortly they would muster their (hitherto invisible) forces to storm the Fleet, and rescue their friends therein. A third sort beheld Wigington the writer of these words, as one, but of the soberer sort of distracted men, and therefore in vain do stai'd heads make serious comments on light mens random-expressions, where the knot is neither to be untied, nor cut, but east away.

30. Now the principall pillars of the Presbyterian party, being some in restraint, more in trouble, all in fear; applied themselves by their secret solicitors to James King of Scotland, and procured his letter to the Queen in their behalf, seconded with another to the same effect. They conceived so potent a Petitioner must needs prevail, especially in this juncture of time; the Queen having lately (since she put his mother to death) Adulced him with fair language, and kind carriage. This Letter was sent to one M^r. Johnson a Scotch Merchant in London, by him presented to the Queen, per∣used by her Majesty, and remitted to her Privie-Councell; but behold the Tenour thereof.

RIght Excellent, high and mighty Princess, our dearest Sister and Cousin in our heartiest manner, We recommend us unto you. Hearing of the apprehension of M^r. Vdall and M^r. Cartwright, and certain other Mi∣nisters of the Evangel within your Realm; Of whose good erudition and faithfull travels in the Church, we hear a very credible commendation, howsoever that their diversity from the Bishops and others of your Clergy, in matters touching them in conscience hath been a mean by their dilation, to work them your misliking; at this present we cannot (weighing the duty which we owe to such as are afflicted for their conscience in that profession) but by our most effectuous and earnest Letter interpone us at your hands to stay any harder usage of them for that cause. Requesting your most earnestly,

that for our cause and intercession it may please you to let them be relieved of their present strait, and whatsoever further accusation or pursuit de∣pending on that ground, respecting both their former merit, in setting forth the Evangell, the simplicity of their conscience in this defence which can∣not well be, their let by compulsion, and the great slander which could not fail to fall out upon their further streighting for any such occasion. Which we assure us your zeal to Religion, besides the expectation we have of your good will to pleasure us, will willingly accord to our request, ha∣v••ng such proofs from time to time of or like disposition to you in any mat∣ters which you recommend unto us, and thus right excellent, right high, and mighty Princes, our dear sister and Cousin, we commit you to Gods protection.

Edenburgh June 12. 1591.

This letter prevailed little with the Queen, nor do I finde that the king of Scotland was discontented thereat. Princes politickly understanding their mutual secret language (not to say silent signs) whose desires to for raign Princes for private persons carry this tacite reservation, if it may stand with the conveniency and pleasure of him to whom it is written. Besides, they know by their own experience, that often there is the least of themselves in their own letters, as granted meerly for quietness sake to satisfie the importu∣nity of others.

31. One word from Arch. BP. Whitgift befriended M^r. Cartwright more then both the letters from the King of Scotland. This Prelate reflecting on his abilities, and their ancient acquaintance in Trinity College: and re∣membring (as an honorable Adversary) they had brandished pens one against another, and considering that both of them now were well stricken in years, and (some will say) fearing the success in so tough a conflict, on M^r. Cartwrights generall promise to be quiet, procured his dismission out of the Starr-Chamber, and prison wherein he was confined. Henceforward M^t. Cartwright became very peaceable, not that he began to desert the cause, but the cause him. The Original state of the point of Non-conformity being much altered and disguised from its self, and many state businesses (which M^r. Cartwright disclaimed) by turbulent spirits shuffled into it.

32. Next followeth the just death of Hacket for his damnable Blasphe∣my, and I am sensible of a sad dilemma concerning the same. For not rela∣ting the story, will be interpreted favouring of him, and wronging the truth. Relating it, may be accounted gracing his impieties by recording them. And seeing it hard for one soul to attend two things at once, some will say, no Author can write and detest, nor Reader peruse and detest these his blasphe∣mies so at the same instant, but that there will be a short intervall betwixt them, yet long enough to have Piety wounded therein. However arming our selves and others with caution premised, we enter on this sorrowfull subject. The rather because the best may be bettered by the worst of men. When considering that naturall corruption in their hearts, is not less head••rong, but more bridled. Think not that Hacket and his two Companions were worse by na∣ture then all others of the English nation. I tell you nay, for if Gods restraining grace be taken from us we shall all runn unto the same excess of riot.

33. This William Hacket was born it Oundale in Northampton-shire, of so cruel and fierce a nature, that he is reported to have bit off, and eat down

the nose of his Schoolmaster. A Maulster by trade, which calling being too narrow for his active soul; He undertook to be a Discoveror of, & Informer against Recusants. An imployment which often procured his admittance into the presence of great persons, when his betters were excluded. One of a bold and confident nature, who though but an invited guest where many Clergie men were present, would allwayes presume to say grace and pray before them. A great stickler for the Geneva discipline, being very great with Wigginton and other the most violent of that faction. Always inculca∣ting that some extraordinary course must be presently taken with the obstru∣ctors thereof. Once he desperately took his dagger and violently struck the same into the picture of the Queen, aiming at her heart therein by pro∣portion. He pretended also to revelations, Immediate Raptures and dis∣courses with God, as also to buffetings of Satan, attesting the truth thereof, with most direfull oaths and execrations.

34. One Argument Hacket used to alledge to prove his own Invulnera∣bility, Because he profered leave to any one to kill him that would. The cunning Imposter knowing full well that it was death for any to do it, being secured from such violence, not by any secret quality in himself, but by the good laws of the Queen, against whom he so bitterly enveighed. He railed also against the Arch-Bishop Whitgift and Chancellour Hatton, with other of the Privie Councellors, pretending himself sent from Heaven to reform Church and State, and bring in a new discipline into both by extraordinary means.

35. Afterwards he gave it out, that the principall spirit of the Messias rested in him, and had two Attendants. Edmund Coppinger (the Queens servant and one of good descent) for his prophet of mercy. And Henry Arthington a York-shire Gentleman for his prophet of Judgment. These pro∣claimed out of a Cart in Cheap-side, that Christ was come in Hacket, with his fan in his hand, to purge the godly from the wicked, with many other pre∣cedent, concomitant and consequent impieties. For who can otherwise con∣ceive but such a prince-principall of Darkness must be proportionably attended with a black guard of monstrous Opinions and expressions. They cryed also, Repent England, Repent. Good counsell for all that heard, but best for them that gave it. With much adoe (such the press of people) they got home to broken-wharf where Hacket lay, and next day all three were sent to Bridewell, though some conceived Bedlam the more proper place for them. And some dayes after, Hacket being solemnly arraigned before the Judges at Westminster, demeaned himself very scornfully, but was found guilty on a double inditement and condemned.

36. During his imprisonment in Bridewell, one D^r. Childerly Rector of S^t. Dunstans in the East repaired unto him, and proffered to gripe arms with him and try the wrists, which Hacket unwillingly submitted to do. Though otherwise boasting himself invulnerable and impenetrable. The Doctor (though with some difficulty, Hacket being a foul strong lubber, yet) fairly twisted his wrists almost to the Breaking thereof, but not to the bowing of him to any confession or remorse. Whilst the other presently hasteth home to his house, lock'd himself up in his Study, and with fasting and prayer beg'd pardon of God for his pride and boldness, that having neither pro∣mis'd precept, or precedent for his practise in scripture, he should adven∣ture on such a triall wherein justly he might have been worsted for his pre∣sumption, and discreet men will more commend the relenting tenderness of his heart, then the slight and strength of his hands.

37. Hacket was brought to the Gibbet near to the Cross in Cheap-side, and there 〈◊〉〈◊〉 forth most blasphemous execrations, till the halter stopped his breath. I know what one Lawyer pleadeth in his behalf, though it be little credit to be the Advocate of such a Client, That the Bishops had made 〈◊〉〈◊〉 m••dd with persecuting of him. Sure it was, if he were madd, not any 〈◊〉〈◊〉 but overmuch pride made him so, and sure it is, he discovered no distemper in other particulars, personating at least wise, if not performing all things with a composed gravity. But there is a madness which Physicians count most uncurable, and call it Modesta Insania, when one is mad, as to one particular point alone, whilst serious and sober in all other things. Whether Hacket were not toucht with this or no, I will not decide, but leave him to stand or fall to his own master. Coppinger died in Bridewell, starving him∣self (as it is said) by wilfull abstinence. Arthington (the prophet of judg∣ment) lived to prove the object of Gods and the Queens mercy, and printed a plain book of his hearty repentance. Happy herein that he met with a generall belief of his serious sorrow and sincere amendment.

38. This businesse of Hacket happened very unseasonably for the Presbyterians. True it is, they as cordially detested his blasphemies as any of the Episcopall party. And such of them as loved Hacket the Nonconformist, abhorred Hacket the Heretick, after he had mounted to so high a pitch of Impiety. But (besides the glutenous nature of all aspersions to stick where they light) they could not wash his odium so fast from themselves, but their Adversaries were as ready to rub it on again. This rendred them at this time so hated at Court, That for many moneths together no Favourite durst present a petition in their behalf to the Queen, being loath to lose himself, to save others, so offended was her Majesty against them.

39. The same day wherein Hacket was executed, Thomas Stone, Parson of Warkton in Northampton-shire (by vertue of an Oath tendered him the day before by the Queens Atturney, and solemnly taken by him) was examined by the Examiner for the Starr-Chamber in Grayes Inne, from six of the clock in the morning, till seaven at night, to answer unto thirty three Articles, but could only effectually depose to these which follow, faithfully by me transcribed out of a confession written with his own hand, and lately in my Possession.

1. Interrog.

Who and how many assembled and met together with the said Defendents, T. C. H. E. E. S. &c. all or any of them where, when, how often &c?

The answer of T. S. to the Inter∣rog. touch∣ing the Cir∣cumstances of

• 1 Places of meeting
• 1 Greater
• 2 Lesse,
• 1 In London
• 2 In Cambridge S^t Johns College
• 1 Travers
• 2 Egertons
• 3 Gardeners
• 4 Barbers
• Houses
• 1 In Northampton
• 1 Johnsons
• 2 Snapes
• Houses
• 2 In Kettering or near it
• 1 Dammes
• 2 Stones
• Houses
• 2 Times.
• 1 Since the beginning of the last Parliament.
• 2 Sundry times at London, how oft he remember'd not.
• 3 Sundry times at Northampton, how oft not re∣membred.
• 4 Sundry times at Kettering, how not remem∣bred.
• 5 Once at Cambridge, about Sturbridge fair time was 1. or 2. years.
• 6 Once at London, a little before M^r Cartwright was committed at M^r Gardeners house.
• 7 Once at this Deponents house, the certain time not remembred.
• 3 persons
• 1 Meeting in London joyntly or severally.
• M^r Travers
• M^r Chark
• M^r Egerton
• M^r Gardener
• M^r Barber
• M^r Brown
• M^r Somerscales
• M^r Cartwright
• M^r Chatterton
• M^r Gyfford
• M^r Allen
• M^r Edmands
• M^r Gyllybrand
• M^r Culverwell
• M^r Oxenbridge
• M^r Barbon
• M^r Fludd••
• This Depo∣nent.
• 2 Meeting in Camb.
• M^r Chatterton and o∣thers of Cambridge
• M^r Cartwright
• M^r Gyfford
• M^r Allen
• M^r Snape
• M^r Fl••dde
• This Deponent.
• 3 persons
• 3 Meeting in Nor∣thampton joyntly or severally.
• M^r Johnson
• M^r Snape
• M^r Sybthorpe
• M^r Edwards
• M^r Fludde
• This Deponent
• M^r Spicer
• M^r Fleshware
• M^r Harrison
• M^r Littleton
• M^r Williamson
• M^r Rushbrook
• M^r Baxter
• M^r Barbon
• M^r King
• M^r Proudtome
• M^r Massie
• M^r Bradshaw
• 4 Meeting at Kette∣ring or nere to it.
• M^r Dammes
• M^r Pattison
• M^r Okes
• M^r Baxter
• M^r Rushbrook
• M^r Atkinson
• M^r Williamson
• M^r Massie.
• This Depo∣nent.

2 Interrog.

Who called these Assemblies, by what Authority, how, or in what sort?

Answer.

That he knew not by whom they were called, neither knew he any other Authority therein, saving a voluntary, or free motion, one giving another Intelligence as occasion served, sometimes by letters, and sometimes by word of mouth.

3 Interrog.

Who were Moderators in them, and what their Office?

Answer.

That he remembred not who where Moderators in any meeting particularly, saving once at Northampton, when M^r Johns••n was admonished, and that was either himself, or M^r Snapes, he knew not well whether.

4 Interrog.

What things were debated in those meetings or Assemblies?

Answer.

That the things Chiefly and most often considered of in those Assemblies were these. First, The subscription to the Book of Common-Prayer; how farr it might be yielded unto, rather then any should forgoe his Mini∣stery. Secondly, The Book of Discipline was often perused, discussed &c. Thirdly, Three petitions or supplications were agreed upon to be drawn. First, to her Majesty Secondly, to the Lords of the Councell. Thirdly, to the Bishops. The things debated of in particular, he remem∣bred not more then these. First, the p••rfecting of the Book of Discipline, and purpose to subscribe to it at Cambridge. Secondly, this question dispu∣ted, whether it were convenient for M^r Cartwright to reveal the Circumstan∣ces of the Conference, a little before he was committed. Thirdly, The admonishing of M^r Johnson once at Northampton. Fourthly, The deba∣ting of this question, whether the Books called Apocrypha were warranta∣ble to be read publickly in the Church as the Canonical Scriptures.

5 Interrog.

Whether any Censures were exercised, what kinds, when, where, upon whom, by whom, for what cause?

Answer.

That he never saw any Censure exercised, saving admonition once upon M^r Johnson of Northampton, for miscarrying himself in his conversation, to the Scandall of his Calling, neither was that used with any kinde of Au∣thority, but by a voluntary yielding unto it, and approving of it, as well in him that was admonished, as in him which did admonish.

6 Interrog.

Whether any of the said Defendents had moved or perswaded any to refuse an Oath, and in what case &c?

Answer.

That he never knew any of the Defendents to use words of perswasion to any to refuse an Oath; only M^r Snape sent him down in writing certain reasons drawn out of the Scripture, which moved him to refuse the generall Oath, ex officio, which I stood perswaded, that he sent to none other end, but to declare that he refused not to swear, upon any contempt, but only for Conscience sake.

I have insisted the longer on this Deposition, because the first and fullest that I finde in the kinde thereof, conteining their Classes more formally set∣led in Northampton-shire, then any where else in England. For as the west part of that shire is observed to be the highest place of England, as appeareth by the Rivers rising there, and running thence to the four winds; so was that County a probable place (as the middest of the land) for the Presby∣terian Discipline, there erected, to derive it self into all the quarters of the kingdom.

40. But when the news of Mr. Stones answer was brought abroad, he was generally censured by those of his party, as well such as were yet at liberty, conceiving themselves endangered by his discovery, as by those already in prison, complaining that he added affliction to their bonds. Yea his embracing a different course from the rest, cast an Aspersion on others of his side, as less sound in Judgement, or tender in conscience, because peremptorily concealing, what he thought fitting to confess. Many that highly esteemed him before, hereafter accounted him no pretious but a counterfet stone: So that he found it necessary in his own vindication to im∣part the reasons of his Confession to such as condemned him, if not for a Traytor, at least for a Coward in the Cause.

• 1.a He judged it unlawfull to refuse an oath, limitted and bounded within the compass of the conferences, being required before a lawfull Magistrate in a Plea for the Prince to a lawfull end. 1. to trie out the truth in a doubtfull fact, suspected and feared to be dan∣gerous, both to Church and Common-Weal, but such was that oath which was tendered to him, ergo.
• 2. He being lawfully sworn, judged it unlawfull to be mute, much more to speak any untruth.
• 3. If he had not been urged by oath to reveal, yet did he judge that silence unlawfull, which justly causeth suspition of evill, as of Treason, Rebellion, Sedition. &c.
• 4. He judged that concealment unlawfull which was not only scanda∣lous, but also dangerous, as this that might occasion and incourage wicked persons to hide their Complices in their worst attempts.
• 5. He judged that the clearing of a doubtfull fact, requireth the clear∣ing of the Circumstances, which cannot be cleared till they be known.
• 6. He judged that silence unlawfull, which leaveth the truth friendless, or few friends when she hath need of many.
• ...

• 7. He judged it a point or note of Puritanisme for any to stand so upon the integrity of their own Actions, as that they should not be doubt∣ed of, suspected, examined, censured, &c.
• 8. He saw no probability nor possibility in reason to have the circum∣stances longer concealed. 1. Because many of them are already made known, partly by the letters and writings of the B. in Bonds, which have been intercepted, partly also by certain false brethren, and lastly by certain faithfull, but weak brethren, whose confessions are to be seen under their own hands. 2. Because the Magistrate is resolutely set to search them out, and lastly, because divers are to be called and to answer upon Oath, which approve not the con∣cealing of them.
• 9. He judged the inconveniences which come by the concealing, to be (if not moe in number) yet greater in weight, and nore inevita∣ble then those that come by revealings, which as it may appear in some of the former Reasons alledged to prove the unlawfulness of concealing: so may it further appear in these that follow.
• 10. The good name and credit of any (of a Minister much more) ought to be dearer to him, and to all those that love him then his liberty &c. but by this concealing the credit of many good Ministers is eclipsed.
• 11. This concealing hath caused the continuance of some in bonds and imprisonment hitherto, would cause others to be committed, and withall causeth suspition of evills, Treason, Rebellion, Sedition, &c. and thereby also evill report, slander &c.
• 12. As by concealing the aforesaid suspition and slander lieth still upon us all which have been in these actions: so doth the same grow every day more grievous by the wicked attempts of hypocrites, and pro∣phane persons, which carry the name of Puritans, Precisians &c. as those of late in Cheap-side.
• 13. Although it be very like, that the revealing will bring punishment upon the rest, yet is it not certain nor necessary, but the concealing doth certainly cause suspition, slalnder &c.
• 14. The concealing argueth either some guiltiness, or at the least some faintness and fear to be seen or known in these Actions.
• 15. It leaveth the truth (which now travaileth) poor, naked, destitute, and void of friends, it casteth the care, credit, countenance, de∣fence and maintenance of it upon those few which are in prison, which ought to be supported and maintained by all.
• 16. It leaveth the burden upon eight or nine mens shoulders, which ought to be eased by many.

What satisfaction this gave to his party I know not, sure I am the Bi∣shops till his dying day beheld him as an ingenuous man, carrying his con∣science with the reason thereof in his own brest, and not pinning it on the president of any other: whereupon they permitted him peaceably to possess his parsonage, (being none of the meanest) though he continued a stiffe Non conformist, only quietly enjoying his own opinion. Indeed he was a down-right Nathanael, if not guilty of too much of the dove in him: faulty in that defect, wherein more offend in the excess, not minding the world so much, as became a provident parent. But we leave him when we have told the Reader, that he was bred a Student in Christ-Church, and was a Proctor of Oxford, Anno 1580, and died quietly an old man Anno 1617 at Warkton in Northampton-shire.

41. Thus one link being slipp'd out, the whole chain was quickly bro∣ken and scattered. Stone his discovery marr'd for the future all their formal meetings, as Classically, or Synodically methodized. If any of these Ministers hereafter came together, it was for visits, not visitations; to enjoy themselves, not enjoyn others orders to be observed by them.

42. Whereas M^r Stone confesseth their meeting in Cambridge, with M^r Chatterton and others, I finde some of these othersa elsewhere specified, namely M^r Perkins, and M^r Thomas Harrison, afterwards the reverend Vice-Master of Trinity-Colledge, both of them concurring, though neither of them very active in this cause. M^r Perkins, whatsoever his judgement was in point of Church-discipline, never publickly medled with it in his preaching; and, being pressed by others about the lawfullness of subscripti∣on, he declined to manifest his opinion therein, glad to enjoy his own quiet, and to leave others to the liberty of their own consciences. Solomons obser∣vation found truth in him,b When a mans wayes please the Lord, he maketh even his enemies to be at peace with him; whose piety procured freedom to his preaching, and fair respect to his person, even from those who in affecti∣ons differed, and in opinion dissented from him: for all held Perkins for a Prophet; I mean for a painfull, and faithfull dispenser of Gods will in his word.

43. But I am weary of writing these sad dissentions in our Church, and fain would pass over to some more pleasing subject: from the renting of Gods Church, to the repairing of it, from the confounding thereof, to the founding, and building, of some eminent place for learning, and religion. But finding none of that nature this very year in England, I am fain to seek one beyond the seas, and at last have lighted on the University, and Colledge of Dublin, which now began to be erected.

44. Anciently Ireland was the Seminary of Saints, people from all parts of Christendome repairing thither, there to finde, and thence to fetch the perfect pattern of Monastical devotion. Many hundred years after, namely, in the Reign of King Edward the Second, Alexander Bickner, Arch∣Bishop of D••blin, obtained licence of the Pope, to erect an University in Dublin; but the designe succeeded not according to his desire, and others expectation. Now at the last the same was effected by Royall Authority, and a Colledge there erected, and dedicated to the Holy Trinity. This mindeth me of a pleasant passage: In the Reign of King Henry the eighth, it was enjoyned, that all Churches dedicated to S^t Thomas Becket, should be new named, and consigned over to some real Saint. Now whilest country people sate in consultation, what new Saint such Churches should assume, being divided in their opinions, to whom the same should be dedicated, an old man gave this advice. Even dedicate it to the Holy Trinity, which will last and continue, when all other Saints may chance to be taken away.

45. Many eminent persons concurred to advance so worthy a work. And because we are to speak of a Colledge, wherein seniority takes place, we will rank these persons, not according to their dignity, but time of their benefaction.

• 1. Henry Vsher, then Arch-Deacon of Dublin, bred in Cambridge (after∣ward Arch-Bishop of Armagh, and uncle to James Vsher the present Arch-Bishop thereof) took a journey with much danger into Eng∣land, and with more difficulty procured the Mort-main from
• 2. Queen Elizabeth, who graciously granted it, naming the Corpora∣tion, Collegium Sanctae ac Individuae Trinitatis, ex fundatione Reginae Elizabethae, juxta Dublin.
• ...

• 3. William Cicill Baron of Burleigh, and treasurer of England, is ap∣pointed in the Mort-main first Chancellour of the University, as being an active instrument to procure the same.
• 4. S^r William Fitz-Williams, Lord Deputy of Ireland (whose Arms are deservedly graven over the Colledge gate) issued out his letters for collection to all the Counties in Ireland, to advance so good a designe; and the Irish (though then generally Papists) were very bountifull thereunto.
• 5. M^r Luke Chaloner, Fellow of Trinity Colledge in Cambridge, received, and disbursed the monies, had the oversight of the fabrick, which he faithfully procured to be finished, meriting that verse inscribed on his fair monument in Dublin Colledge Chappel, built by his daughter.

  Conditur hoc Tumulo Chaloneri triste Cadaver, Cujus ope, & precibus, conditur ista domus.

  This Tomb within it here contains, Of Chalnor the sad Remains. By whose prayer, and helping hand, This House erected here doth stand.

• 6. The Major, and Aldermen of Dublin, bestowed on the Colledge the sight thereof (with some accommodations of considerable grounds about it) being formerly a Religious house, termed Allhal∣lows, which at the suppression of Abbies was bestowed on their Cor∣poration.
• 7. Adam Loftus, Fellow of Trinity Colledge in Cambridge, at this present Arch-Bishop of Dublin, and Chancellour of Ireland, was the first Master of the Colledge, holding it as an honorarie title, though not so much to receive credit by, as to return lustre to the place.
• 8. S^r Warham Saint-Leger, was very bountifull in paying yearly pensi∣ons, for the maintenance of the first students thereof, before the Col∣ledge was endowed with standing revenues.
• 9. S^r Francis Shane, a mere Irish man, but good Protestant, was a principal Benefactor, and kept this infant-foundation from being strangled in the birth thereof.
• 10. Robert D'eureaux Earl of Essex, Lord Lievetenant of Ireland, and se∣cond Chancellour of this University, bestowed at the intreaty of the Students of this Colledge, a Cannoneers pay, and the pay of certain dead places of Souldiers, to the value wellnigh of foure hundred pounds a year, for the Scholars maintenance, which continued for some years.
• 11. King James, that great Patrone of learning, to compleat all, con∣firmed the revenues of this Colledge in perpetuum, endowing it with a great proportion of good land in the Province of Vlster.

Thus thorough many hands this good work at last was finished, the first stone whereof was laid May 13. 1591. and in the year 1593. Schollars were first admitted, and the first of them James Vsher, since Arch-Bishop of Ar∣magh, that mirrour of learning, and religion, never to be named by me, without thanks to him, and to God for him. Nor must it be forgotten, that, what Josephusa reports of the Temple built by Herod, 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉,

during the time of the building of the Tem∣ple, it rained not in the day time, but in the night, that the showrs might not hinder the work; I say, what by him is reported, hath been avouched to me by witnesses above exception, that the same happ'ned here from the founding, to the finishing of this Colledge; the officious Heavens always smiling by day (though often weeping by night) till the work was completed.

46. The whole Species of the University of Dublin, was for many years preserved in the Individuum of this one Colledge. But since this instru∣ment hath made better musick, when (what was but a monochord before) hath got two other smaller strings unto it, the addition of New-Colledge, and Kildare-Hall. What remaineth? but that I wish that all those worthy Divines bred therein, may have theira Doctrine drop as the rain; and their speech distill as the dew, as the small rain upon the tender herb, and as the showers upon the grass.

47. Let none censure this for a digression from our Church-History of England. His discourse that is resident on the Son, doth not wholy wander from the Father, seeing none will deny, but that proles is pars parentis, the childe is part of the parent. Dublin University, was a Colonia deducta from Cambridge, and particularly from Trinity Colledg, therein (one motive per∣chance to the name of it) as may appear by the ensuing Catalogue of the Pro∣vosts thereof.

1. Adam Loftus, Fellow of Trinity Colledge, first Provost.

2. Walter Travers, Fellow of the same Colledge, second Provost,

3. Henry Alva, Fellow of S^t Johns Colledge in Cambridge, third Provost.

4. S^r William Temple, who wrote a learned Comment on Ramus, Fellow of Kings Colledge, fourth Provost.

5. Joseph Mede, Fellow of Christ-Colledge in Cambridge, chosen Provost, but refused to accept it.

6.

7. William Chapel, Fellow of the same Colledge, seventh Provost.

Know also that this University did so Cantabrize, that she imitated her in the successive choice of her Chancellours, the daughter dutifully approving, and following the judgement of her mother therein.

48. This year was fatall to no eminent Protestant Divine, and I finde but one of the Romish perswasion dying therein; Arthur (shall I say?) or Laurence Faunt, born of worshipfull parentage at Folston in Leicester-shire, bred in Merton-Colledge in Oxford, whence he fled (with M^r Pots, his Tu∣tor) to Lovain, and never more returned into England. From Lovain he removed to Paris, thence to Minchen, an University in Bavaria (where Willi∣am the Duke exhibited unto him) thence to Rome, where he was admitted a Jesuite. Hence Pope Gregory the thirteenth sent him to be governor of the Jesuits Colledge at Posna in Poland, newly erected by Sigismund King there∣of. Yea, so great was the fame of this Faunt, that (if his own letters may be beleeved) three Princes courted him at once, to come to them. He altered his Christian name of Arthur, because (as hisb kinsman tells us) no Kalender-Saint was ever of that name, and assumed the name of Lau∣rence, dying this year at Vilna in Lituania, leaving books of his own making, much prized by those of his own profession.

49. Now began the heat, of the sad contest betwixt M^r Richard Hooker Master, and M^r Walter Travers Lecturer of the Temple. We will be the larger in the relating thereof, because we behold their acti∣ons not as the deeds of private persons, but the publick Champions of their

Party. Now as an Army is but a Champion diffused, so a Champion may be said to be an Army contracted. The Prelaticall Party wrought to the height in and for Hooker, nor was the Presbyterian power less active in assisting M^r Travers, both sides being glad they had gotten two such eminent Leaders, with whom they might engage with such credit to their cause.

50. Hooker was born in Devon-shire, bred in Oxford, Fellow of Corpus Christi Colledge; one of a solid judgement, and great reading. Yea, such the depth of his learning, that his Pen was a better Bucket than his Tongue to draw it out. A great defender both by preaching and writing of the Discipline of the Church of England, yet never got (nor cared to get) any eminent dignity therein, conscience, not covetousness engaging him in the contro∣versie. Spotless was his conversation, and though some dirt was cast, none could stick on his reputation. M^r Travers was brought up in Trinity Colledge in Cambridge, and because much of Church matter depends upon him, I give the Reader the larger account of his carriage.

51. Travers meeting with some discontents in the Colledge after the death of D^r Beomond (in whose time he was elected fellow) took occasion to travail beyond Seas, and comming to Geneva, contracted familiarity with M^r Beza, and other forraign divines, with whom he by letters conti∣nued correspondency till the day of his death. Then returned he and com∣menced Batchelor of Divinity in Cambridge, and after that went beyond sea again, and at Antwerp was ordained minister, by the Presbytery there, whose Testimoniall I have here faithfully transcribed out of the Originall.

QVam multis de causis sit & aequum & consultum unumquemque eorum qui ad verbi Dei ministerum asciscuntur, vocationis suae testimonium habere, Asserimus, coacta Antuerpiae ad 8. Maij 1578. duodecim Ministrorum verbi cum totidem fere senioribus Synodo, praest n∣tissimum pretate & eruditione virum ac fratrem reverendum Doctorem Gualterum Traverseum, omnium qui aderant suffragiis ardentissimis{que}, votis, consueto ritu fuisse in sancto verbi Dei ministerio institutum, pre∣cibusque ac ma••uum impositione confirmatum. Postero autem die post sabba∣tum b••llo in frequenti Anglorum coet•• concionem, rogante eo qui a Synodo delegatus erat Ministro, propensissimisque totius Ecclesiae animis acceptum fu∣sse. Quod quidem Domini ac fratris nostri celendi apud Anglos Mini∣sterum, ut benignitate sua Deus omnipotens donorum suorum incremento & amplissimo functionis ejus fructu ornare dignetur, enixè precamur per Iesum Christum Amen.

Dat. Antwerpiae 14. Maij. 1578.

Det Logelerius Vilerius verbi Dei Minister & Johannes Hochelcus verbi Dei minister. Johannes Taffinus Verbi Dei Minister.

Thus put in orders by the Presbytery of a forrain Nation, he continued there some years, preached (with M^r Cartwright) unto the English factory of Merchants at Antwerpe, untill at last he came over into England, and for seven years together became Lecturer in the Temple (refusing all presenta∣tive preferment to decline subscription) and lived domestick chaplain in the house of the Lord Treasurer Cicel, being Tutor for a time to Robert his son, afterwards Earl of Sarisbury. And although there was much heaving and shuffing at him (as one disaffected to the discipline) yet Gods goodness, his friends greatness, and his own honesty, kept him, (but with much difficulty) in his ministeriall imployment.

52. Yea now so great grew the credit and reputation of M^r Travers, that (by the advice of M^r Andrew Meluin) he and M^r Cartwright were so∣lemnly sent for, to be Divinity professors in the University of S^t Andrews, as by this autograph (which I have in my hands, and here think fit to exem∣plfie) may plainly appear.

MAgno quidem, fratres charissimi, gaudio nos afficit constantia vestra, & invicta illa animi fortitudo, quâ contra Satanae imperium & reluctantem Christi imperio mundi fastum armavit vos domini spiritus, in asserenda apud populares vestros Ecclesiae suae disciplina. Sed permelesium tamen nobis semper fuit, pertinaci inimicorum odio & violentia factum esse, ut cum latere & solum subinde vertere cogimini, minus aliquanto fructus ex laboribus vestris ad pios omnes perveniat, quam si docendo pub∣licè & concionando destinatam ecclesiae Dei operam navare licuisset. Hoc quia in patria vobis negatum videbamus, non aliud nobis magis in votis erat, quàm ut exulanti in vobis Christo hospitium aliquod in ultma Scotia praeberatur. Quod ut fieri non incommodè possit, speramus longo nos conatu perfecisse.

Vetus est & non ignobilis apud nos Academia, Andreana; in quâ cùm aliae artes, tum philosophia imprimis ita hucasque culta fuit, ut quod ab exteris nationibus peteretur, parum nobis, aut nihil in eo genere deesset. Verum divina ilia sapientia, quam vel solam, vel praecipuam colere christi∣anos decet, neglecta diu in scholis jacuit; quod à prima statim religionis instauratione, summus omnium ardor exstaret in erudienda plebe; in aliis ad sacrum verbi ministerium instituendis paucissimi labor aerent: non leve ut periculum subesset, n•• (quod propitius nobis Deus avertat) concionato∣rum aliquando inopia periret, quod tanta cum spe in hominum animos con∣jectum est verae pietatis semen.

Animadvertit hoc tandem ecclesiasticus Senatus, & cum rege regnique proceribus diligenter egit, ne hanc officij sui & solicitudinis partem deside∣rari amplius paterentur. Placuit & summo omnium applausu in proximis ordinum comitiis decretum est, ut quod amplitudine ceteris & opulentia collegium praestat theologiae perpetuo studiis consecretur: utque ad verbi Dei ministerium nemo admittatur, nisi linguarum, utriusque testamenti & locorum communium curriculo prius consecto: confiti autem quadriennii spacio à quinque professoribus posse. Ex hoc numero adhuc desunt Thomas Cartwrigtus & Gualterus Traversus: reliquos nobis domi ecclesia nostra suppeditabit. Messem hic videtis singulari vestra eruditione & pietate non indignam. Ad quam pius vos princeps & proceres nostri; ad quam boni vos omnes & fratres vestri; ad quam Christi vos ecclesia & Christus ipse operarios invitat. Reliquum est, ut humanissimè vocantes sequi velitis; & ad docendi hanc provinciam, vobis honorificam, eccle∣siae Dei salutarem maturetis; magnas à principe, majores à Christi ecclesia, maximas & immortales à maximo & immortali Deo gratias inituri. Quod ut sine mor a facere dignemini, per eum ipsum vos etiam atque etiam obtesta∣mur, cui acceptum ferri debet, quod ecclesiae filii sui prodesse tantopere possi∣tis.

Valete.

Edinburgi.

• Ja Glasgney Academiae Cancelarius. Alaynus Rector.
• Thomas Smetonius Decanus
• Andreas Melvinus Collegij praefectus
• Mr David Wems minister Glascoviensis.

This proffer both joyntly refused, with return of their most affectionate thanks, and such who know least are most bold in their conjectures, to ad∣venture at the reasons of their refusall. As that they would not leave the Sun on their backs, and remove so far North, or they were discouraged with the slenderness of the salary assigned unto them. In plain truth they were loath to leave, and their friends loath to be left by them, conceiving their pains might as well be bestowed in their native Country; and Travers quiet∣ly continued Lecturer at the Temple till M^r Hooker became the Master thereof.

53. M^r Hooker his voice was low, stature little, gesture none at all, standing stone-still in the Pulpit, as if the posture of his body were the emblem of his minde, unmoveable in his opinions. Where his eye was left fixed at the beginning, it was found fixed at the end of his Sermon: In a word, the doctrine he delivered, had nothing but it self to garnish it. His stile was long and pithy, driving on a whole flock of severall Clauses before he came to the close of a sentence. So that when the copiousness of his stile, met not with proportionable capacity in his auditors, it was unjustly censu∣red, for perplext, tedious, and obscure. His sermons followed the incli∣nation of his studies, and were for the most part on controversies, and deep points of School Divinity.

54. M^r Travers his utterance was gracefull, gesture plausible, matter profitable, method plain, and his stile carried in it indolem pietatis a Genius of grace flowing from his sanctified heart. Some say, that the congregation in the Temple, ebb'd in the fore noon, and flowed in the afternoon, and that the auditory of M^r Travers was far the more numerous, the first occasion of emulation betwixt them. But such as knew M^r Hooker, knew him to be too wise to take exception at such trifles, the rather because the most judicious is always the least part in all auditories.

55. Here might one on Sundayes have seen, almost as many writers as hearers. Not only young students, but even the gravest Benchers (such as S^t Edw, Cook and S^t James Altham then were) were not more exact in taking instructions from their clients, then in writing notes from the mouths of their Ministers. The worst was, these two preachers though joyned in affinity (their nearest kindred being married together) acted with different princi∣ples, and clashed one against another. So that what M^r Hooker delivered in the forenoon, M^r Travers confuted in the afternoon. At the building of Solomons Temple 1 King. 6. 7. neither hammer, nor axe, nor tool of iron was heard therein. Whereas, alass in this Temple, not only much knocking was heard, but (which was the worst) the nailes and pins, which one master∣builder drave in, were driven out by the other. To pass by lesser differences betwixt them about Predestination.

Hooker maintained. The Church of Rome, though not a pure and perfect, yet is a true Church, so that such who live and die therein upon their re∣pentance of all their sins of igno∣rance may be saved.

Travers defended. The Church of Rome is no true Church at all, so that such as live and die therein, holding Justifi∣cation in part by works, cannot be said by the Scriptures to be saved.

Thus much disturbance was caused to the disquieting of peoples consciences, the disgrace of the ordinance, the advantage of the common enemy, and the dishonour of God himself.

56. Here Arch-Bishop Whitgift interposed his power, and silenced Travers from preaching either in the Temple or any where else. It was lai'd to his charge: 1. That he was no lawfull ordained Minister according to the Church of England. 2^ly. That he preached here without licence. 3^ly. That he had broken the order (made in the 7^th year of her Majesties reign. Wherein it was provided, that erroneous Doctrine, if it came to be publickly taught, should not be publickly refuted, but that notice thereof should be given to the Ordinary, to hear and determine such causes, to prevent publick disturbance.

57. As for Travers, his silencing, many which were well pleased with the deed done, were offended at the manner of doing it. For all the Con∣gregation on a Sabbath in the after noon were assembled together, their attention prepared, the Cloath (as I may say) and napkins were laied, yea, the guests set, and their knives drawn for their spirituall repast, when sud∣denly as M^r Travers was going up into the pulpit, a sorry fellow served him with a letter, prohibiting him to preach any more. In obedience to Authority, (the milde and constant submission whereunto won him respect with his adversaries) M^r Travers calmly signified the same to the Congre∣gation, and requested them quietly to depart to their chambers. Thus was our good Zacheus struck dumb in the Temple, but not for infidelity, unpartial people accounting his fault at most but indiscretion. Mean time, his Audi∣tory (pained that their pregnant expectation to hear him preach, should so publickly prove abortive, and sent sermonless home) manifested in their variety of passion, some grieving, some frowning, some mur∣muring, and the wisest sort, who held their tongues, shaked their heads, as disliking the managing of the matter.

58. Travers addressed himself by petition to the Lords of the privie Councell (where his strength lay, as Hookers in the Arch-Bishop of Cant, and high Commission) grievously complained that he was punished before he was heard, silenced (by him apprehended the heaviest penalty) before sent for, contrary to equity and reason. Thea Law condemning none before it hear him, and know what he hath done.

1. To the exception against the lawfulness of his Ministry, he pleaded that the communion of Saints allows Ordination legall in any Chri∣stian Church, Orders herein are like degrees, and a Doctor graduated in any University, hath his title and place granted him in all Chri∣stendome.

2. For want of licence to preach, he pleaded that he was recommen∣ded to this place of the Temple by two letters of the Bishop of London the Diocesan thereof.

3. His Anti-preaching in the afternoon against what was delivered be∣fore; he endeavoured to excuse by the example of S^t Paul,b Who gave not place to Peter, no not an hour, that the truth of the Gospell might continue amongst them.

But we are too tedious herein, especially seeing his petition is publickly ex∣tant in print, with M^r Hooker his answer thereunto, whither we referr the reader for his more ample satisfaction.

59. By the way, it must not be forgotten, that in the very midst of the Paroxisme betwixt Hooker and Travers, the latter stil bare (and none can challenge the other to the contrary) a reverend esteem of his adversary. And when an unworthy aspersion (some years after) was cast on Hooker, (if Christ was dasht, shall Christians escape clean in their journey to heaven) M^r Travers being asked of a private friend, what he thought of the truth

of that accusation, In truth, (said he) I take M^r Hooker to be a holy man. A speech with coming from an adversary, sounds no less to the commendation of his charity who spake it, then to the praise of his piety of whom it was spoken.

60. The Councell table was much divided about Travers his petition. All Whitgists foes were ipso facto made Travers his favourers, besides he had a large stock of friends on his own account. But Whitgifts finger moved more in Church matters, then all the hands of all the privie Councellers besides, and he was content to suffer others to be beleeved (and perchance to beleeve themselves) great actors in Church-government, whilst he knew, he could and did do all things himself therein. No favour must be afforded Travers on any terms. 1. Dangerous was his person, a Cartwright junior, none in England either more loving Geneva, or more beloved by it. 2^ly. Dangerous the place, the Temple being one of the Jnns (therefore a pub∣lick) of Court (therefore a principall) place, and to suffer one opposite to the English discipline, to continue Lecturer there, what was it but in effect to retain half the Lawyers of England to be of Councell against the ecclesiastical government thereof. 3^ly. Dangerous the Precedent this leading case would be presumed on for others to follow, and a ranks breaking, may be an armies ruining.

61. This was the constant custome of Whitgift, if any Lord or Lady sued to him to shew favour for their sakes to Non-conformists, his answer to them was rather respectfull to the requester, then satisfactory to the re∣quest. He would profess how glad he was to serve them, and gratifie them in compliance with their desire, assuring them for his part all possible kind∣ness should be indulged unto them; but in fine, he would remit nothing of his rigour against them. Thus he never denied any great mans desire, and yet never granted it, pleasing them for the present with generall promises, and (in them not dissembling, but using discreet and right expressions) still kept constant to his own resolution. Hereupon afterwards the nobility surceased making more sutes unto him, as ineffectuall, and even left all things to his own disposall.

62. Thus M^r Travers, notwithstanding the plenty of his potent friends, was overborn by the Arch-Bishop, and (as he often complained) could ne∣ver obtain to be brought to a fair hearing. But his grief hereat was some∣thing abated, when Adam Loftus, Arch-Bishop of Dublin, and Chancellor of Ireland, (his ancient Collegue in Cambridge) invited him over, to be Provost of Trinity-Colledge in Dublin. Embracing the motion, over he went, accepting the place, and continued some years therein; till discom∣posed with the fear of their civil wars, he returned into England, and lived here many years very obscurely (though in himself a shining light) as to the matter of outward maintenance.

63. Yet had he Agurs wish, neither poverty, nor riches, though his enough seemed to be of shortest size. It matters not whether mens means be mount∣ed, or their mindes descend, so be it that both meet as here in him in a com∣fortable contentment. Yea, when the right Reverend, and Religious James Vsher (then Bishop of Meath, since) Arch-Bishop of Armagh (brought up, under him, and with him agreeing in doctrine, though discenting in Disci∣pline) profered mony unto him for his relief, M^r Travers returned a thankfull refusall thereof. Sometimes he did preach, rather when he durst, than when he would, debarred from all cure of souls by his non-conformi∣ty. He lived, and died unmarried, and though leaving many nephews (some eminent) Schollars, bequeathed all his books of Oriental languages (wherein he was exquisite) and plate worth fifty pounds to Ston-Colledge in London. Oh! if this good man had had an hand to his heart, or rather a purse to his hand, what charitable works would he have left behinde him?

But in pursuance of his memory. I have intrenched too much on the mo∣dern times. Only this I will adde, perchance the Reader will be angry with me for saying thus much, and I am almost angry with my self for saying no more of so worthy a Divine.

64. Return we to the year 1592, which we finde in London fill'd with funeralls, so that within twelve moneths, moe than ten thousand were swept away therein of the plague; And amongst them, reverend M^r Richard Greenham, the reason why we finde not the exact date of his death. In contagious times, the corpses of those who living were best beloved, are rather hurried, than carried to the grave; and in such confusions, those Parishes who have the best memories, prove forgetfull, their Registers be∣ing either carelessly kept, or totally omitted. Thus our Greenham was mortally visited with the plague (whereof we finde Munster, Franciscus Ju∣nius, Chimidontius, and other worthy Divines formerly deceased in Germany) that patent of preservation against the pestilencea A thousand shall fall at thy side, and ten thousand at thy right hand, but it shall not come nigh thee, running (as all other temporall promises) with this secret clause of revocation, if God in his wisdome were not pleased otherwise to countermand it.

65. It may be said of some persons in reference to their history, that they were born men, namely such of whose birth, and youth, we finde no particular account. Greenham is one of these, for, for want of better in∣telligence we finde him full grown at the first, when Anno Domini, he was admitted into Pembroke Hall in Cambridge. In which House some years af∣ter, the youth of M^r Lancelotb Andrews (afterwards Bishop of Winchester) was well acquainted with M^r Greenham: and I dare boldly say, if Greenham gained any learning by Andrews, Andrews lost no religion by Greenham. He afterwards left the University, and became Minister three miles off at Drie-Draiton.

66. Drie-Draiton indeed, which though often watered with M^r Green∣hams tears, and oftner with his prayers, and preaching, moistened the rich with his counsel, the poor with his charity, neither produced propor∣tionable fruitfulness. The generality of his Parish remained ignorant, and obstinate, to their Pastours great grief, and their own greater damage and disgrace. Hence the Verses,

Greenham had pastures green, But sheep full lean.

Thus God alone is the good shepheard, who doth feed, and can fat his sheep, and can make them to thrive under his keeping.

67. He used often, at the intreaty of some Doctors to preach at S^t Maries in Cambridge, where sometimes so great his zeal in pressing impor∣tant points, that he hath lost himself in the driving home of some applicati∣on, even to the forgetting of his text (as himself would confess) till he re∣covered the same on some short recollection. He alwayes bitterly inveigh∣ed against Non-Residents; professing, that he wondered how such men could take any comfort in their wealth. For, me thinks (saith he) they should see written on every thing which they have, Pretium sanguinis, this is the price of blood. But his master-piece was in comforting wounded conscien∣ces. For, although Heavens hand can only set a broken heart, yet God used him herein as an instrument of good to many, who came to him with wee∣ping eyes, and went from him with chearefull souls. The breath of his gracious counsel blew up much smoking flax, into a blazing flame.

68. Hereupon the importunity of his friends (if herein they proved so) perswaded him to leave his Parish, and remove to London, where his publick parts might be better advantaged for the general good. They pleaded the little profit of his long pains to so poore and peevish a Parish. Pitie it was so good a fisher-man should cast his nets elsewhere, than in that ocean of peo∣ple. What was Drie-Draiton but a bushel to hide, London an high candle-stick to hold up the brightness of his parts? Over-intreated by others (even almost against his own judgement) he resigned his Cure to a worthy suc∣cessour, and repaired to London. Where, after some years preaching up and down in no constant place, he was resident on no Cure, but the curing of consciences. I am crediblya informed, he in some sort repented his removall from his Parish, and disliked his own erratical, and planetary life, which made him fix himself Preacher at last at Christ-Church in London, where he ended his dayes.

69. He lived Sermons, and was most precise in his conversation; a strict observer of the Lords-day, and a great advancer thereof thorough the whole Realm, by that Treatise which he wrote of the Sabbath. No book in that age made greater impression on peoples practice, asb one (then a great wit in the University, now a grave wisdome in our Church) hath in∣geniously expressed.

On M^r Greenhams book of the Sabbath.

While Greenham writeth on the Sabbaths rest, His soule enjoyes not, what his penn exprest: His work enjoyes not what it self doth say, For it shall never finde one resting day. A thousand hands shall toss each page, and line, Which shall be scanned by a thousand eine; That, Sabbaths rest, or this Sabbath's unrest, Hard is to say whether's the happiest.

Thus godly Greenham is fallen asleep: we softly draw the curtains about him, and so proceed to other matter.

Notes

• A Sixteen sold P••••••••ion presented by the Commons to the Lord in Parliament.
• The Arch-Bishops plea¦s••r Nonresi∣dents.
• The Lord Gray his re∣joynder.
• The Lord Treasurer his moderation.
• Others inter∣pret.
• The Lord Grays (quere whether of Withen, or what most probable, of Ruthen after∣wards Earl of Kent) reply∣ed.
• The Bishops providently petition the Queen.
• The death of Bp Barns.
• See the life of Bernard Gilpin p. 190.
• And of Ber∣nard Gilpin.
• Hardly esca∣ped in Queen Maries dayes.
• Anno Dom. 1587.
• Anno Regin Eliza. 30.
• A single man, yet a true fa∣ther.
• The brave coming forth of the Spanish Armado.
• 1588
• 31.
• The shameful sight and re∣turn thereof.
• a

  1 Kings 19. 33.
• This delive∣rance princi∣pally wrought by Gods arm.
• Anno Regin Eliza. 31.
• Anno Dom. 1588.
• Scurrilous Pamphlets dispersed.
• Their reasons for the law∣fulness of such pamphlets.
• a

  1 Kings 18, 27.
• These Books disclaimed by the discreet sort and why.
• a

  Jude 9.
• The instru∣ments em∣byed in ma∣king th••se Books heavi∣ly punished.
• b

  Sr. G Pa•• in the li••e of Arch Bishop Whitgist pag. 40.
• c Camdens Elizabeths in Anno 1588.
• d

  Sr. G. Paul pag. 39.
• Acts of the Synod of Coventry.
• e

  Transcribed out of Bp. Bancrofts book called Englands Scotizing for Discipline by practise p 86. and 87 who may seem have had the orignall in latin.
• a

  Gen. 25▪ 22. The English Church di∣stracted b••∣twi•••• contra∣ry disciplines.
• The success of the solemn humiliation of the mini∣sters at Northampton.
• b

  See Eng∣lands Sco••ti∣zing for di∣scipline, 3. Cap. 6. pag. 88.
• The Contents of the 〈◊〉〈◊〉 to the Catholicks of England.
• a

  Watsons Quodlibets pag. 240.
• 1 Kings 3.
• b

  Watson ut prius.
• Judg. 5. 30.
• Aug. 8.
• The death of Edw. Sands, Arch-Bishop of York.
• 32.
• 1589.
• Arch-Bishop Whitgift, his discretion.
• 33.
• 1590. Sept. 1.
• Articles ob∣jected against Mr. Thomas Cartwright.
• a

  The copy of these Articles ••ere 〈…〉〈…〉 af∣ter his death, who as kindly communica∣ted as 〈◊〉〈◊〉 have 〈◊〉〈◊〉 ••nscri∣bed them.
• Anno Dom. 1590.
• Anno Regin Eliza. 33.
• Anno Dom. 1590.
• Anno Regin Eliza. 33.
• Mr. Cartwright refuseth to answer an oath.
• Wigington his ridling words.
• Nov. 6.
• a

  2 Cor. 7. 5.
• The king of Scots writs in favour of the Non-confor∣mists.
• 34.
• 1591.
• Anno Dom. 1591.
• Anno Regin Eliza. 34.
• Mr. Cartwright discharged the Star-Chamber by the inter∣cession of Arch Bishop Whitgift.
• A preface to the ensuing discourse.
• The Chara∣cter of Hacket.
• His monstrous opinions and practises.
• Proclaimed by his two Prophets.
• July 16.
• An adventure with more boldness then discretion.
• 〈…〉〈…〉
• 〈…〉〈…〉
• Mr Stone by his confession discovereth the meeting of the Bre∣thren, with the circum∣stances there∣of.
• The reasons why Mr. Stone made this confession again•• the hope and ex∣pectation of the Breth.
• a

  Carefully by me transcri∣bed out of his own Letters to his friends.
• a

  Brian Twine in Appendice Ant. Ac. Oxon.
• Synodicall meetings fi∣nally blasted.
• Perkin's piety 〈…〉〈…〉
• a

  Dr Baner••st in his book of dangerous positions chap. 7. p. 59.
• b

  Prov. 16. 7••
• Transition to a more plea∣sant subject.
• The foundati∣on of an Uni∣versity in Dublin.
• The severall Benefactors thereto.
• Anno Dom. 1591.
• Anno Regin Eliza. 34.
• Since marri∣ed to the Arch-Bishop of Armagh.
• a

  Antiq. Jud. lib. 15. cap. 20.
• The addition of two emissa∣rie Hostells.
• a

  Deut. 32. 2.
• Dublin a Co∣lonie of Cam∣bridge.
• The death of Arthur Faunt.
• b

  Burton in Description of Leicester-shire pag. 10.
• The contest betwixt Hooker and Travers.
• Hooker his Character.
• Travers takes his ••••ders be∣yond Seas.
• He with Mr Cartwright invited to be Divinity pro∣fessors in St. Andrews.
• The character of Hooker as to his preach∣ing.
• The descripti∣on of Travers.
• They clash about matters of Doctrine.
• Being weak, ignorant, and seduced.
• Travers is si∣lenced by the Arch-Bishop.
• Many pleased with the deed, but not with the man∣ner of doing it.
• Travers his plea in his petition.
• a

  Joh. 7. 51.
• b

  Gal. 2. 5.
• A charitable adversary.
• Travers must have no fa∣vour.
• Whitgift his politick carriage.
• 1592
• 35.
• Travers goeth into Ireland, and returneth.
• His contented life, and quiet death.
• Anno Regis Eliza. 35.
• Anno Dom. 1592.
• The death of worthy Mr Greenham of the plague.
• a

  Psal 91. 7.
• Fellow of Pembroke Hall in Cambridge.
• b

  Some say he had an hand in making some of Mr Greenhams works.
• His dexterity in healing af∣flicted con∣sciences.
• He leaving his Cure cometh to London.
• a

  By my own father Mr Thomas Fuller, who was well acquainted with him. A great in∣strument of the good kee∣ping of the Lords-day.
• b

  Mr Joseph Hall.