The history of the church from our Lords incarnation, to the twelth year of the Emperour Maricius Tiberius, or the Year of Christ 594 / as it was written in Greek, by Eusebius Pamphilius ..., Socrates Scholasticus, and Evagrius Scholasticus ... ; made English from that edition of these historians, which Valesius published at Paris in the years 1659, 1668, and 1673 ; also, The life of Constantine in four books, written by Eusibius Pamphilus, with Constantine's Oration to the convention of the saints, and Eusebius's Speech in praise of Constantine, spoken at his tricennalia ; Valesius's annotations on these authors, are done into English, and set at their proper places in the margin, as likewise a translation of his account of their lives and writings ; with two index's, the one, of the principal matters that occur in the text, the other, of those contained in the notes.

CHAP. VI. Concerning the Tyranny of Gaïna the Goth, and the disturbance he raised at Constantinople; and concerning his death.

I Will now relate an affair worthy to be re∣corded, which hapned at this very time; and will demonstrate, how divine providence freed the City and Roman State from the greatest danger imaginable, by unexpected assistances. What that was, must now be declared. Gaïna was by extract a Barbarian. Having made himself a

Subject to the Romans, and ingaged in a Mili∣tary Employ, he rose by degrees, and was at length constituted Generall both of the Roman Horse and Foot. When he had gotten so great a power, he knew not himself, nor could he mo∣derate his own mind. But (as the saying is) moved every stone, that he might render the Ro∣man Empire subject unto himself. He sent for the whole nation of the Goths, out of their own Coun∣try. a And took care, that such as were his relations should have the Command of the Military Forces. [Moreover,] when Tribi∣gildus (one of his kindred, Tribune of those Souldiers lodged in Phrygia,) rai∣sed a Rebellion by Gaïna's instigation, and ruined the whole Province of Phrygia; Gaïna orders the matter so, that the care of affairs there should be committed to him∣self. To which the Em∣perour Arcadius, foreknow∣ing nothing [of his design,] readily yielded. Gaïna therefore forthwith made an Expedition, pretendedly indeed against Tribigildus; but in reality, with a resolution to turn Tyrant. He took along with him a vast multitude of the Barbarous Goths. And when he was arrived in Phrygia, laid all places desolate. The Ro∣mans were on a sudden mightily disturbed, not only by reason of the vast number of Barbarians who were with Gaïna, but also in regard the [fertilest and] most usefull Provinces of the East were highly endangered. But then the Em∣perour, in relation to the present juncture of af∣fairs, made use of a prudent and usefull advice, and by subtlety made an attempt upon the Bar∣barian. Having therefore sent [Embassadours] to him, he took a resolution of appeasing him as well by words, as deeds. Upon Gaïna's deman∣ding two of the eminentest Personages of the Se∣natorian Order (who had born the Consulate, to wit, Saturninus and Au∣relianus, b persons whom he look't upon as hinderers of his designes;) to be Hosta∣ges; the Emperour, in com∣pliance with the necessity of that time delivered them, though unwillingly. These two persons, prepared to undergo death for the good of the publick, with a cou∣ragious mind obeyed the Emperours Command. And went forth to meet the Bar∣barian, some distance from Chalcedon, at a place termed the Hippodrome; being rea∣dy to endure whatever he should inflict. How∣ever, they suffered no harm. But Gaïna made use of dissimulation, and came to Chalcedon. Whither the Emperour Arcadius also went to meet him. The Emperour and the Barbarian going both into that Church where the body of the Martyr Euphemia is deposited, bound them∣selves in a mutuall Oath, that they would not frame designes one against the other. The Em∣perour, a person that had a pious and religious esteem for an Oath, and was upon that account beloved by God, kept the ingagement he had en∣tred into. But Gaïna violated it, and receded not from the design he had proposed to him∣self; but was intent upon causing Burnings and Plunderings, both at Constantinople, and also (if he could have effected it) over the whole Roman Empire. The City therefore was turned into a Barbary, by reason of the innumerable multi∣tudes of Barbarians, and its inhabitants had the treatment of Captives. [Moreover,] so great was the danger which hung over the City, that a vast Comet which reached from heaven even to the earth, the like to which no man ever saw be∣fore, gave an indication thereof. Gaïna there∣fore in the first place impudently attempted to make plunder of the silver publickly exposed to sale in the shops. But when, by a preceding Rum••ur thereof, [the Money-changers] ab∣stained from exposing their silver on their Ta∣bles; he betook himself to another designe. And in the dead of the night he sends a great number of Barbarians to burn down the Pallace. At which time it was perspicuously manifested, how great a care God had of the City. For a mul∣titude of Angels appeared to the Traytors, in the form of armed men of a vast Stature; whom the Barbarians conjecturing to be in reallity a numerous and valiant Army, were astonished thereat, and departed. When this was told to Gaïna, it seemed incredible to him. For he well knew, that the greatest part of the Roman Army was then absent, being engarisoned in the Cities [of the East.] On the next night there∣fore, and on many nights afterwards, he sent other persons. But when he had sent c severall men, who still brought him the same news; (for God's Angels always appeared in the same form to the Traytors:) at length he himself went ac∣companied with a great multitude, to be a specta∣tour of the Miracle. Supposing them really to be an Army of Souldiers, which on the day∣time lay concealed, and in the night opposed his attempts; he framed a design, prejudiciall (as he thought) to the Romans, but which (as the event demonstrated) was of great advantage to them. For feigning himself to be possest with a devill, upon a pretence of prayer, he goes to the Church of John the Apostle, which is seaven miles distant from the City. The Barbarians went out with him, and carried out their Arms covertly, hiding them partly in Tuns, and partly making use of other devices. But when the Guard that kept the City-gates, having discovered the trick, would not suffer them to carry out their weapons, the Barbarians drew their swords, and slew those that guarded the Gates. Hereupon arose a horrid tumult in the City, and death seemed to be impendent on all persons. Notwithstanding, at that time the City suffered no harm, all its Gates being strongly fortified. But the Empe∣rour made a seasonable use of prudent advice, and having proclaimed Gaïna a publick Enemy, he commanded those Barbarians who were left in the City to be slain. One day d after the men that guar∣ded the Gates had been slain, the Souldiers that were pre∣sent engage the Barbarians within the City-gates, near the Church of the Goths. For all the Barbarians who were left in the City flock't thi∣ther. They burnt the Church, and slew a great many of the Barbarians. Gaïna, informed that those of his party who could not get out of the

City were slain, and perceiving that his Artifices were unsuccessfull to himself, left [S^t John's] Church, and went in great hast into Thra∣cia. Being come to Cherronesus, he endeavou∣red to pass▪ over from thence, and take Lamp∣sacus, that from that place he might make himself Master of the Eastern parts. But upon the Em∣perour's sending forces immediately both by Land and Sea, there appeared another admirable effect of divine Providence. For whilest the Barba∣rians, wanting Vessells patch't up Ships in great hast and disorder, wherein they might make their passage; on a sudden the Roman Navy appeared in sight, and a West-wind blew hard. The Ro∣mans had a safe and easie passage in their Ships. But the Barbarians together with their horses in their Ships were tossed up and down and disper∣sed by a Storm, and at length perished in the Sea. Many of them also were destroyed by the Romans. After this manner a numerous multitude of Bar∣barians at that time lost their lives in their pas∣sage. But Gaïna got away from thence, and flying through Thracia, falls into the hands of another party of the Roman Forces, by whom he is slain together with the Barbarians in his com∣pany. Let thus much be sufficient to have been said e cursorily concerning Gaïna. If any one be de∣sirous of having an accurate account concerning the trans∣actions of that War, let him read The Gainëa written by Eusebius f Scholasticus, who at that time was an Auditour of Troilus the Sophista: and having been a Spectatour in that War, he related the transactions thereof in four Books written in Heroick Verse. For which Poem he was much admired, whilest the memory of things was fresh. And very lately, Am∣monius the Poet his made a Poem upon the same subject, and recited it before the Em∣perour Theodosius Junior, in his sixteenth Consulate which he bore with Faustus; on ac∣count whereof he has gotten a great repute. Moreover, this War was ended on the Consulate of Stilichon and Aurelianus. And the year following, Fravitus bore a Consulate, a Personage by extract indeed a Goth, but one who had exprest much of kindness and fidelity towards the Ro∣mans▪ and had done them excellent service in this very War. On which account he had the dig∣nity of a Consulate bestowed upon him; in whose year the Emperour Arcadius had a Son born, Theodosius the Good, on the tenth of A∣pril. Let thus much be said concerning these things▪ [Further,] whilest the affaires of the Roman State were thus tempestuous, those intrusted with the Prelacy, abstained not in the least from framing Designes and Plots one against another, to the reproach and disgrace of the Christian Re∣ligion▪ ••or at this very time the Bishops em∣ployed their thoughts about raising tumults and insurrections against one another. Which mis∣chief took its beginning▪ from Egypt, upon this account.

Notes

• a

  In my judgment this place is thus to be mended: 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 and took care, that such as were his Relations, &c. This our e∣mendation is confirmed by Sozo∣men, book 8. chap. 4. in these words: 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, and he made his Relations centuri∣ons and tribunes. Had Translatours consulted this passage in Sozomen, they would have rendred Socra∣tes's words here more happily. Vales.
• Or, made an innovation.
• That is, Gaïna,
• b

  This passage is thus to be worded; 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, persons whom he look't upon as hinderers of his de∣signes; So Nicephorus expresses it. Moreover, of these two per∣sons Aurelianus bore the Con∣sulate on this very year with Sti∣lichon: Saturninus had been con∣sul long before with Merobaudes, in the times of Theodosius Senior. Concerning whose praises The∣mistius speaks at large in his Gra∣tiarum Actio to Theodosius on ac∣count of the Peace made with the Goths, and on account of the Con∣sulate given to the said Saturni∣nus. Vales.
• 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, making a feigned, or, disdainfull refusal.
• Constan∣tinople.
• c

  Instead of [〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, in a various manner] we read [〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 seve∣rall men;] and so Musculus seems to have read. Vales.
• Or, a multitude.
• d

  I doubt not but Socrates wrote [〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, after the men that guarded the Gates were slain;] not [〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, after the pulling down of the Gates] For on the foregoing day, those that guarded the Gates had been slain by Gaina's Souldiers, as Socrates has related a little before. Vales.
• e

  The true reading seems to be [〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, cursorily concerning Gaïna. Vales.
• f

  Advocates were heretofore stiled Scholastici, as we are infor∣med from Justinian's 74^th and 76^th Novell. The words of Ma∣carius in his 15^th Homily, are these: 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 &c. He that desires to have a knowledge in Forensian Cases, goes and learns the Abbreviatures. And when he has been the first there, he goes to the School of the Romans, where he is the last of all. Again, when he comes to be the first there, he departs to the School of the Pragmatici [or, Pra∣cticants,] where he is again the last of all, and Arcarius [or No∣vice.] Then, when he is made a Scholasticus, he is Novice and the last of all the Lawyers. Again, when he becomes the first there, then he is made a President [or Governour of a Province.] And when he is made a Governour, he takes to himself an Assistant or As∣sessour. See more in Franciscus Pithoeus's Glossary ad Novellas Ju∣liani Antecessoris, and in Meur∣sius's Glossary in the term 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉. Vales.
• In the year of Christ 401▪ See book 6. chap. 11. note (c.)