A complete dictionary of the Greek and Roman antiquities explaining the obscure places in classic authors and ancient historians relating to the religion, mythology, history, geography and chronology of the ancient Greeks and Romans, their ... rites and customs, laws, polity, arts and engines of war : also an account of their navigations, arts and sciences and the inventors of them : with the lives and opinions of their philosophers / compiled originally in French ... by Monsieur Danet ; made English, with the addition of very useful mapps.

REGIO;

a Part of the City of Rome. Tul∣lius Hostilius was the first that divided Rome into Four Parts; the same being called Suburana, Es∣quilina, Collina and Palatina: Things continued in this State till Augustus his Time, who divided it into Fourteen Parts, over each of which he settled Two Surveyors, called Curatores viarum, who were made annually, and took their Divi∣sions by Lot: They wore a Purple Robe, and had each of them Two Lictors, that walked be∣fore them in the Division where they presided: They had Slaves under them, who were to take care of the Fires that should happen. Their Charge was to provide for the Tranquillity of their respective Divisions, and to keep them clean, to take care that new Buildings did not increase too much, and were not built higher than the Law did prescribe: They had 2 Officers called Denunciators, to assist them in each Divi∣sion, who gave them an Account of all Disor∣ders that happened; also a Watch to prevent all unlawful Meetings in the Night, and to seize Vagabonds and Rogues. These Fourteen Divi∣sions contained 424 Streets, 31 of which were called Great or Royal Streets, which begun at the gilt Pillar, which stood at the Entry into the open Place, in the Middle of the City; and to each of these Streets belonged Four Vico-Magi∣stri, who took care of them, and carried the Or∣ders of the City to each Citizen. Alexander Se∣verus increased the Number to Fourteen more Surveyors, who served as Assessors to the Gover∣nour of the City.

The first Division began at the Gate Capens, and was 12222 Feet in Circumference: The same contained Nine great Streets, over which pre∣sided Two Surveyors called Curatores Viarum, Two Denunciators, and 36 Vico-magistri: It ex∣tended without the City as well as within: There stood the Temple of Mars Gradivns that was supported by 100 Pillars, and was the mag∣nificent Work of Sylla, where the Senate met to give Audience to Foreign Embassadors: Near it was the Stone called Manalis, a manando, be∣cause that in the Time of a great Drought they carried it about in a Procession made for Rain, which failed not to fall quickly after, as Festus tells us. Manalem vocabant lapidem petransque extra portam Capenam juxta aedem Martis, quem cùra propter nimiam siccitatem in urbem protrahe∣rent, sequebatur pluvia statim, eumque, quòd aquas manaret, manalem lapidem dixêre: Near unto this

Gate ran the little River Almo, where the God∣dess Pessinuntia was washed at her coming out of the Ship which brought her to Rome, over it passed an Aqueduct which water'd it continual∣ly, and made Juvenal call this Gate Madida Ca∣pena: Not far from thence stood the Temples of Tempests, Hope, and the Muses or Camenae, and the Altar of Apollo: In the same Division there were Three little Groves called Luci, that had been consecrated to the Honour of the Gods, viz. Lucus Cuperius Hostiliani, Lucus Egeriae, & Lucus Camoenarum: Also Four Temples, viz. those of Isis, Serapis, Fortunae Reduci, and of Mars Quirinus, to distinguish it from that without the Gate Capena, which was called Mar∣tis Gradivi Templum. The First was to denote the Peace and Tranquility they expected to enjoy in the City, and the Second to shew that they would imploy their Arms without against their Enemies. Ten Aediculae, of which we know but the Names of Five only, to wit, Aediculae For∣tunae obsequentis, Honoris, Virtutis, Rediculi & Herculis: That of Rediculi was built without the Gate Cepena, after Hannibal's Retreat. Seven great open Places called Areae, viz. those of Apollo, Thallus, Gallus, Isis Eliana, Pinaria, Carsura and Mercury. Six Publick Baths or Stoves, viz. those of Vettius Bolanus, Torquatus, Mamertinus, Abascantianus, Mettianus Secundia∣nus, Antiochianus, with 82 private ones more. 83 Lakes or Ponds, into which the Waters of their Springs ran. 4 Arches, viz. those of Dru∣sus Nero, Trajan, Verus Partbicus, and Janus Bi∣frons. 14 horrea publica, Publick Granaries. 16 Bake-houses or Hand-mills, called Pistrinae. The Circus of Caracalla, and the Women's Se∣naculum; the Mutatory of Caesar at the Gate of Capena, called Mutatorium Caesaris, which was a Pleasure-house; some famous Sepulchres, as those of the Cornelii, Attilii, Calatini, Servilii, Caeciliani, Horatii, &c. 121 Palaces or fine Houses, called Domus. 1250 Insulae, or Houses not contiguous to any others, about which a Man might walk round.

The second Division called Coelimontium, was so named from Mount Caelius; and contained 13200 Feet in Circumference, and had 2 Sur∣veyors, 2 Denunciators, 32 Vico-Magistri, and 5 Watches: It contained 12 Streets, 30 private Baths, to say nothing of the publick ones, 65 Lakes or Ponds; 3106 Insulae or separate Houses, 2 sacred Groves; 32 publick Granaries, 23 Hand-mills; 133 Noble-mens Houses, and a∣mongst others those of Vetellianus, Phillip, Late∣ranus, Caesar Dictator, Tiherius Claudius Centi∣malus, and the Poet Stella; 8 Aediculae; 5 Tem∣ples, viz. those of Tullius Hostilius, Bacchus, Faunus, the Emperor Claudius, Goddess Carnea upon Mount Coelius, where stood also the Curia Hostilia in which the Senate often met; as like∣wise Campus Martius where there were Horse-Races, when the Land below was overflow'd with the Tiber,

Between Mount Caelius and Mount Palatine there was a great Street called Subura, which be∣gun at the open Place in the Middle of the City and ended in the Via Tiburtina all along the Ex∣quiliae: The greatest Part of the Nobles of Rome lived in this Street, and from hence might be seen divers Barbers and Ropemakers Shops, which made Martial say, L. 2 Epig. 17.

Tonstrix Suburae faucibus sedet primis, Cruenta pendent quâ flagella tortorum.

They also sold all sorts of Fruits and Fowls there, as we are informed by the same Poet, L. 7. Epig. 30.

The third Division called Isis and Serapis Mo∣neta, was 12450 Foot in Circumference: It be∣gan near Mount Coelius and took up a great Part of the Exquiliae: It had as well as the fore∣going ones 2 Surveyors, 2 Denunciators, 32 Vico-Magistri, and 8 Streets; it contained the Tribe Gratiae Aureae the high Place, or that of the Play∣ers, called Summum choragium; the Entry into the Via Sacra near the Carinae at the End of the Es∣quiliae; the Lucus Cuperius of the Academy where they were instructed in the use of the Catapults; 2 Temples, that of Isis and Serapis Moneta, and that of Concordia Virilis, near unto which stood the Portico of Livia, each were built as an Eter∣nal Monument of the Concord that continually remained between her and Augustus her Hus∣band. 8 Aediculae, viz. Aediculae Bonae Spei, Se∣rapis, Sangi Fidoni, Minervae, Isidis, Veneris, Esculapii and Vulcani; the Portico of Claudius Martialis, Vespatian's Amphitheater, otherwise called the Colisaeum, where Fourscore Thousand People might easily see the Plays; the great Games called Ludi Dacici and Mamertini; the Camp of the Soldiers of Missena, and their old Camp; the School of the Quaestors and of Gallius, the Baths of the Emperors Titus, Trajan and Phil∣lip; 70 private Baths, 33 Mills, 29 Granaries, 160 Palaces, among which was Nero's Golden-House and Portico, those of Brutus, Pompey, Titus with the Portico where the Statue of Laocoon and his Two Children stood, besides 2807 Insulae or separate Houses.

The fourth Division called Via Sacra or Tem∣plum Pacis, took up 1800 Feet in Circumference, extending it self between Mount Palatine and the Exquiliae, and containing no more than 8 Streets; It had 2 Surveyors, as many Denuncia∣tors, and 32 Vico-Magistri: The principal Parts thereof were the ViaSacra which began at the Ca∣rinae and passed by the Exquiliae to the Aedicula Strenia, and extended as far as the Capitol along the Colisaeum and Titus his triumphal Arch, pas∣sing by that of Septimius, and so made a Part of the Forum Romanum and Comitia: It was called Sacra,

because it was there the Peace was signed be∣tween Romulus and Tatius, King of the Sabines: Julius Casar covered it with Cloth from his Pa∣lace to the Capitol, as he did by the Forum Ro∣manum, in order to represent the Plays where with he presented the Publick: The Entrance into the Carinae was a Place well inhabited and adorned with fine Buildings, and so Virgil calls them Lautae Carinae: The chief Edifices were Titus his Baths and Palace, where there were Subterranean Halls 137 Foot long, 17 broad, end 12 high, built by Vespatian for the Colledge of the Pontifices, Pompey's House, and the School of the Freedman Lenaeus the famous Gramma∣rian: The old House of Cicero, who left it to his Brother Quintus to go live on Mount Palatine; The Aequimelium, which was a round Place be∣fore the Temple of Tellus at one of the Ends of the execrable Street, where formerly stood the House of Sep. Melius, a Roman Knight, which was demolished and rased by a Decree of L. Quin∣rius Cincinnatus the Dictator, because he endea∣voured to assume the Sovereign Power. Busta Gallica, the Burying-place of the Gauls, where they were defeated by Camillus; Tigillum soro∣rium, the Sister's Rafter, placed upon Two Walls, under which they made Horace pass in order to expiate the Crime he had committed in killing his Sister: Meta sudans, the sweat∣ing Goal, near unto Constantine's Arch; it was a Pile of Brick-work, made like an Obe∣••isk, from whence Water dropped every way as Sweat does from the Body, and at the Top of which there stood Jupiter's Statue: Ten Temples, viz. that of Peace, of Remus, before which stood Two consecrated Myrtles, one of which was cal∣led Patricia Myrtus and the other Plebein; that of Faustina the Wife of Martus Aurelius the Em∣peror, of Tellus in the Carinae devoted by the Consul T. Sempronius, of Concord, of Venus Cloacina of the Sun, Moon, Augustus and Nerva in the Passage to the Forum transitorium: 8 Ae∣diculae, viz. those of the Muses, Hope, Mercury, Lucina Valeriana, Juno Lucina, Mavors, Juven∣tus and Isis. Vulcanalis, or the Place where Ro∣mulus planted that Lotos whose Roots reached as far as Caesar's Forum; the sacred Portico, Place of Victory; of Vulcan, and the Colossus of the Sun; the Odeum, which was a Place erected for the Practising of Musick, made Theater-ways, with Seats like the Steps of a Ladder covered with a Lantern and supported by Pillars: There such as played upon Musick were taught the Art by a Master of the Science, and the Actors by a Player before they appeared upon the Stages: Forum Cupedinis or Macellum Cupedinis, the Mar∣ket of Dainties; the Ancient Basilica of Paulus Aemilius, that of Constantine, the sacred Re∣pository of the Romans, Daphnis Bath, 79 Lakes or Reservatories of Water: The Arches of Ti∣tus and Vespatian, of Septimius Severus, and Con∣stantine: 28 Granaries, 24 Hand-mills, 〈◊〉〈◊〉 great Houses, and 275 Insulae or separate Houses.

The fifth Division called Esquilina, contained the Mounts Esquiline and Viminal, and was in Cir∣cumference 15950 Feet, containing fifteen Streets, and having Two Surveyors and as many Denunciators; the most considerable Things in it were these, viz. Puticuli or Puticulae, Pits dug in the Earth between Mount Esquiline, the Ci∣ty Walls and Street which lead to Porta Cuer∣quetulana, where poor People were buried, which caused a very ill Stench in all that Part of the City, so that Augustus with the Consent of the Senate and People of Rome, made a Present of it to Moecenas his Favourite, who built a fine House of Pleasure there, and the best Gardens in Rome, as Horace tells us, L. 1. Sat. 8.

Hùc priùs augustis ejecta cadavera cellis, Conservus vili portanda locabat an arcâ: Hoc miserae plebi stabat commune sepulcrum..... Nunc licet Esquiliis babitare salubribus, atque Aggere in aprico spatiari, quò modo tristes Albis informem spectabant ossibus agrum.

Virgil had a House near this Place, and so had A∣quilius the Lawyer, Propertius, Perseus, and Pliny the Younger. Here were several Temples, such as those of Jupiter Vimineus, of Juno Lucina, Minerva, Medicina, Esculapius, Venus Erycina that stood at the Gate Collina, round about which the Plays called Agonalia were celebrated, when the Tiber overflowed: The Amphitheater called Castrense, Aurelian's Circus, with an Obelisk, the Basilica of Sicinius, the Praetorian Camp, the Park where the wild Beasts were kept, which was called Vivarium, several publick Baths, 180 Great Mens Houses, amongst which were those of Servius Tullius, Q. Lutatius Catulus, and M. Lici∣nius Crassus.

The Sixth Division was called Alta Semita, by reason of the Scituation thereof, and contained 15600 Feet in Circumference, began at the Two great Marble Horses, made by Phidias and Praxitele, and reached to the Gate called Vimi∣nalis, it had 14 Streets in it, and 48 Towers, with 2 Surveyors, 2 Denunciators, and 52 Vico-Magistri: The most noted Place, here was the Execrable Camp near Porta Collina, 10 Shops where Vermillion was sold, 15 Temples, viz. those of Health, Serapis, Flora, Venus, &c. a Portico 1000 Paces long, the Statues of Quiri∣nus 20 Foot high, as also that Leaden one of Mamurius; the Circus of Flora, the Forums of Salust and Dioclesian, the Baths of Paulus Emi∣lius, and the Senaculum of the Roman Ladies.

The Seventh Division called Via Lata, reach∣ed from the Capitol, as far as the Place called Septa in Campus Martius, even to Trajan's Forum, and met with the Circus Flaminius, and the great

Street, from which the whole Division took its Name: It contained 23700 Feet in Circumfe∣rence, and 40 Streets, had 2 Surveyors, and as many Denunciators. Martial's House stood here.

The Eighth Division called Forum Romanum, was the finest and most famous of all of them: It contained the Forum Romanum, the Capitol, the Tarpeian Rock, the Gate called Stercoraria, and the new Street: It was 14867 Feet in Cir∣cumference, had 12 Streets in it, 2 Surveyors, as many Denunciators, and 6 Watches: This Division took in also the following Places; the Milliarium aureum, Puteal Libonis, a Place much frequented by Merchants; the Curtian Lake, where Curtius in Armour threw himself into a Chasm of the Earth; the Horatian Pile, to which were fixed the Spoils of the 3 Curatii, and the Statue of Marsyas, one of Bacchus his Compani∣ons, 15 Temples, and among others that of the Capitol, &c. of Jupiter Feretrius, Juli∣us Caesar, where stood an Image of Venus pro∣ceeding from the Sea, devoted and built by Augustus; those of Concord, Vesta and Janus. Doliola, which were the Vessels wherein they laid up their Sacred Relicts, at the Taking of Rome by the Gauls; the Sepulcher of Romulus, of Acca Laurentia, and many Portico's: Four Courts where the Senate met, viz. Hostilia, Calabra, Pompiliana or Regia Numae, and the Senaculum aureum; Seven Basilicae, and the Graecostasis; the Prison called Tullianum, built by Servius Tulltus, 150 Pallaces, among which were those of Tarquinins Superbus, Manlius Capitolinus, Scipio Africanus, T. Annius Milo and Ovid.

The Ninth Division called Circus Flaminius, took in the Sides of the Gardens, the Campus Mar∣tius, the Vaulted street, Straight-street, and was 30560 Feet about, containing 30 Streets, who had each of them their particular Officers, as the preceding ones had: They reckoned eight Temples here, and among the rest the Pantheon, and that of Janus near the Theater of Marcel∣lus: The Circus Flaminius, that of Alexander Severus; the Obelisk with the Dial in Campus Martius, 4 Theaters and Amphitheaters, and the Stables belonging to the 4 Companies of Cour∣riers: The Septa, Ovile, of Place where the People gave their Suffrages; the Prison of the Centumviri, and Lucullus and Agrippa's Gar∣dens.

The Tenth Division was called Palatium, be∣cause it begun on Mount Palatine, and was 11600 Feet round, containing 7 Streets; 10 Temples, and among others that of Apollo Palatinus; 190 Noblemens Houses, such as those of Hosti∣lius, Ancus Martius, Valerius Publicola, L. Cras∣sus the Orator, Hortensius, Catiline, Julius Cae∣sar and Seneca.

The Eleventh Division was called Circus Maxi∣mus, and besides the Great Circus took in all the Valley which lay between Mount Aventine and the Tiber, as far as the Gate called Ripa, and Salinae on one side, and on the other the Herb-Market, and the Foot of the Capitol, the Tem∣ple of Piety, and Columna Lactaria, whither they carried their Bastard Children; besides these it had 8 Streets, that Place called Argiletum, where there were some Booksellers Shops, 4 Temples, 30 Aediculae, and the Sink of a great Kennel that ran into the Tiber.

The Twelfth Division which was called Pisci∣na Publica, reached from the greater Circus a∣long Mount Aventine, as far as Caracalla's Baths, and was 12000 Feet in Circumference, and con∣tained 12 Streets. This Publica Piscina was in the City between Mount Celius and Celiolus, where the Boys of Rome went to learn to swim; it was a large Receptacle of Water at the Foot of Mount Aventine, into which the Appian Water was conveyed, wherein they watered and washed their Horses: There were some Tem∣ples and inconsiderable Groves in this Part.

The Thirteenth Division was called Aventinus, and in Circumference contained 163 Feet, and 30 Streets, with the same Officers as the other Divisions had: The chief Places which it inclu∣ded were Clivus Publici, by which they went up to Mount Aventine, and began at the Forum Ovia∣rium, and reached to the Temple of Juno Regi∣na: Scalae Gemoniae, to which they tied Male∣factors, from whence they were thrust down in∣to the Tiber; the End of the Armilustrium; The Doliolum on Mount Testaceus; Remuria, or the par∣ticular Place where Remus took his Augury by the Flight of Birds, and where he was buried.

The Fourteenth Division was called Trans-Tibe∣rim, and beginning at the Janiculum contained the Vatican, the Isle of the Tiber, and that which they called Navalia; it was 3489 Feet in circuit, and had 28 Streets.

The City of Rome in general contained these following Things, 700 Temples or Aediculae un∣der the Names of Templum, Aedes, Fanum, De∣lubrum, Sacellum, Aedicula; a great Number of Altars only comprized under these Words, Ara and Altare: The Differences of these Words will be found in their respective Alphabetical Order: Three Senaculum's, which were the Places where the Senate met; the first was in the Temple of Concord, the second near the Gate called Capena, and the third in the Temple of Bellona. Several Courts under the Word Curiae, the Chief whereof were the Hostilia, Julia, Pom∣peia, &c. where the Senate sometimes met: 21 Basilicae, which were stately Edifices, where∣of I have spoken in their proper order: 12 or 15 Nympheae, from the Word Nymphaea, which were Halls to marry in; 1780 Great Mens Houses, comprized under the Word Domus, and a vast Number of private Houses under the Word Insulae: 144 Jakes or Privies, which wer free for

every Body to use: An Hospital in the Island of the Tiber, where the Temple of Esculapius stood, called Nosocomium; as also an Hospital where superannuated and inferior Soldiers, who had served in the Army, were taken care of; they called it Taberna meritoria: 22 famous Por∣tico's to shelter People from the Rain; divers Arsenals, where they laid up Arms and Warlike Machines called Armamentaria: 29 publick Li∣braries; 5 Colleges and Publick Schools for the Breeding up of Youth: 254 Hand-mills, and 327 Granaries, where they had Magazines of Corn, in order to supply the Peoples Wants at reasonable Rates, in the time of Scarcity; 39 Brass Colossus's, and 51 of Marble; 6 great Obelisks, and 42 lesser ones, with divers Pyra∣mids: Several fine Gardens, and 32 Sacred Groves, 23 Water-Pools for Horses to drink of, whitening of Linnen, and quenching Fires; 14 Aqueducts; 105 Fountains, 1352 Lakes or Pools of standing Water, brought from several Springs; 17 great open Places, comprized un∣der the Word Forum; 117 publick Baths, and 909 private ones.