Bartholinus anatomy made from the precepts of his father, and from the observations of all modern anatomists, together with his own ... / published by Nich. Culpeper and Abdiah Cole.

Chap. 7. Of the Muscles of the Back and Loins.

THe Spine of the Back or Back-bone is moved for∣ward, backward, to the right and to the left, and circularly. Yea, and in tumblers we may see infinite motions of the Back. For tendons are brought to all the Vertebra's, as though the Muscles were many and infinite; which tendons nevertheless many Anato∣mists do refer to some one great Muscle, and say that one Muscle hath many tendons. But commonly, they make four pare of Muscles of the back: where it is to be observed, if only one act, the back-bone is moved side-wayes, if the pare acts, it is either bended or ex∣tended.

The first pare is termed QUADRATUM, adhering to the transverse Processes of the Vertebra's of the Loins;

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The FIGURE Explained.

This TABLE presents certain Muscles which do first offer themselves to sight, in the Hinder-part of the Body.

• aa. The Muscles of the Head called Complexi.
• BB. The Muscles called Splenij.
• CC. The two Levators Scapulae.
• D. The Trapezius or Cucullaris out of its place.
• E. The Supra-spinatus.
• F. The Infra-spinatus.
• G. The Rotundus major.
• h. The Rotundus minor.
• II. The Rhomboides.
• KK. The Dorsi latissimus.
• L. The Serratus posticus superior.
• M. The Serratus posticus inferior.
• NN. The Dorsi longissimus.
• OO. The Sacrolumbus.
• P. The Quadratus.
• Q. The Sacer Dorsi musculus.
• R. The Musculus longus which extends the Arm.
• S. The Musculus brevis, the other Arm-extender.
• TT. The Supinator Brachij alter, according to our Author, see the first pare in the next Table.
• V. The Extensor Carpi primus, which some term Bicornis here hanging down▪
• W. The Extensor Carpi secundus.
• XXxx. The two Extensores Digitorum.
• Z. The External Apophysis of the Shoulder.
• 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉. The Deltoides.
• T. The Brachieus.

These following Characters demonstrate the Muscles of the lower Limbs.

• A. The Glutaeus major out of its place.
• B. The Glutaeus medius in its place.
• C. The Pyriformis Musculus.
• D. The Ob••uratus internus or Marsupialis.
• EE. The Biceps which bends the Leg.
• ••g. The Seminervosus.
• hh. The Gracilis.
• III. The Triceps of the left Side.
• K. The Vastus externus.
• 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉. The Triceps of the right Side.
• LL. The Popliteus.
• MM. The two Castro••nemij, which on the left side are •••• their proper Scituation, on the right side out of the same.
• NN. The Musculus soleus.
• O. The Musculus plantaris.

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between 164 and 165

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inwardly from the Bones Ilium and Sacrum, broad and fleshy. Riolanus would rather bring them from the transverse Apophyses of the two lower Ver∣tebra's of the Back, and the last Rib, that it might with the oblique descending Muscles and the right ones, a∣gitate and move forwards the Fabrick of the Ossa Ilij. Howbeit, seeing that Hypothesis is as yet uncertain, and himself confesses with Gajus, that the business is to be understood, of the bowing of the Loins, and the frame of the Ilian Bones; according to the Original by me assigned, the Use of this Muscle is rather to bend the Vertebra's of the Loins.

The second being called LONGISSIMUM, arises with an acute and strong Tendon, without tendinous, with∣in fleshy, from the end of Os sacrum, the Vertebra's of the Loins, and the Os Ilij; having the same begin∣ning with the Sacrolumbus, wherewith it is in a man∣ner confounded, til in the Progress it is separated the re∣from, by the lowest Vertebra of the Back. And it is joyned afterward to each transverse process of the Ver∣tebra's of the Loins and Back, unto which it affords tendons like Claspes, and at length ends somtimes into the first Vertebra of the Chest, somtimes at the mam∣millary processes, near the Temples-bone. Its Use is, to extend the Chest, Loins, and their Vertebra's.

The third under this, is that which is called SACRUM, because it arises from the Os sacrum behind, being fle∣shy, and ends into the Spina of the twelfth Vertebra of the Chest (or as others say, into the Spines also, and oblique processes of the Vertebra's of the Loins) with sundry tendons. The Use is as of the former.

The fourth the SEMISPINATUM, arising where the former ends, and embracing all the Spines of the Ver∣tebra's of the Chest, and giving them tendons; and it ends into the Spine of the first Vertebra of the Chest. Its Use is to rear up the Chest.

If all eight act, they hold the Back straight, and do as it were sustain a man. Nor are there any muscles of the Loins, save these, and what have been explain∣ed before, which I have omitted, as Riolanus objects, or whereof I have been ignorant.