Thesaurus chirurgiae : the chirurgical and anatomical works of Paul Barbette ... composed according to the doctrine of the circulation of the blood, and other new inventions of the moderns : together with a treatise of the plague, illustrated with observations / translated out of Low-Dutch into English ... ; to which is added the surgeon's chest, furnished both with instruments and medicines ... and to make it more compleat, is adjoyned a treatise of diseases that for the most part attend camps and fleets ; written in High-Dutch by Raymundus Minderius.

BARBETTY'S CHIRURGERY. The Second Book of the Second Part Of CHIRURGERY. Of Wounds.

CHAP. I. Of the Nature, Differences, Causes, and Signs of Wounds.

A Wound is a Solution of continuity in the soft parts of the Body, from a hard In∣strument, causing an Abolition or Immi∣nation of Action.

Differences are taken, 1. From the Form; some are long, others oblique; some are little, others great, some are deep, others superficial. 2. From the wounded Part, as, the Head, Lungs, Heart, Stomach, Liver, Spleen, Guts, Nerve, Tendon, Vein or Muscle; sometimes the Skin is only penetrated, then 'tis a simple Wound; sometimes a Part of the Flesh is taken away,

and then 'tis call'd a compound or hollow Wound. 3. From the Causes, which shall pre∣sently be set down; sometimes a wound happens to be poisoned, and to have many Symptoms joined with it.

Causes are five-fold, viz. 1. All things that cut, as a Knife, Sword, Glass, 2. Al things that prick; as Needles, Arrows, Teeth. 3. Which perforate; as hot Iron, Bullets. 4. Which break; as a Fall, Stroke, or the carrying or lifting of any great Burdens. 5. All things which contuse; as a Stone, Stick, &c.

Signs.] External Wounds are of themselves manifest enough; but those of the Internal parts, are not always so easily judged of; these there∣fore are to be known by Anatomy; 1. What is the situation of each part. 2. What the use. 3. The Symptoms are to be considered. 4. The Quality of those things are to be noted, that Na∣ture ejected through the Wound: The other Signs you shall have in their proper places.

Prognosticks. [To know the Events of Wounds, especially to predict which are Mortal, which not, is a thing absolutely necessary for a Surgeon: For from this judgment oft-times depends the Life of unfortunate Man.

A mortal Wound is that, which in the space of few hours or days, of necessity causes Death, and cannot by any Art be cured.

For those that in themselves are curable, yet by reason of ill Symptoms, or through the neg∣lect either of the Patient or Chirurgeon, do occa∣sion Death, ought not to be accounted mortal Wounds: Incurable Wounds themselves are not to be call'd Mortal, if they are not the cause of Death

suddenly to the Patient; but that he not only lives many weeks, but oftentimes many years after.

1. Among the Wounds that are Mortal, are to be accounted the Wounds of the Brain, but not all of them; for Experience hath taught us, that part of the Brain hath been taken forth, and the Life preserved, though the Understanding lost.

Therefore those Wounds of the Brain that be absolutely mortal, are, 1. When besides the Brains, a Nerve is also wounded. 2. When Blood, or some other Humor obstructs the beginning of the Nerves: 3. When after a few days the concrete and putrified Blood produceth a Fever, Delirium, and Death it self.

By concreted Blood, I understand not that which lies between the Dura-Mater and the Skull; for that is to be taken forth by the Trepan, and the Patient this way may be preserved; but that which is included between the Dura and Pia-Ma∣ter, or between the Pia and the Brain: Although sometimes, that which is detained between both Membranes, by the dividing of the Dura, may be taken forth, and so the Patient preserved.

2. The Wounds of the Spinal Marrow are also mortal, which happens in the Neck, or nearer to the Head; but those which happen lower, as about the Os Sacrum, are of lesser danger.

3. The Wounds of the Lungs are mortal, if great and deep, where the great Vessels, or the Branches of the Aspera Arteria are hurt: Where the Vessels are divided, there follows a great ef∣fusion of Blood; where the Branches of the Aspe∣ra Arteria, the Breath comes forth more through the Wound than the Mouth.

4. Wounds of the heart are always mortal;

for though one or two wounded in the heart, have lived, two, three, or four days, it was ne∣ver found yet, that ever any escaped.

5. The Wound of the Wind-pipe may be cu∣red, if the Membranes only behind, to which the Cartilaginous Rings are join'd, be hurt; but if the Rings themselves are wounded, there's no cure to be expected; yet sometimes those wounds be∣ing a lingering Death; so that I have seen on so wounded, live Eighteen weeks before he died.

6. Wounds of the Diaphragma, those that are inflicted in the fleshy Part of it, are curable; but those that are in the Nervous Part, though these always occasion not sudden Death, yet 'tis impos∣sible ever to cure them.

7. Wounds of the Stomach are sometimes cu∣red; those chiefly being mortal, that happen in the upper Orifice, or in Nerves that are distribu∣ted over the Stomach.

8. The Wounds of the Small Guts are seldom cured, but the Wounds of the Great Guts much oft∣ner, especially if they are not great.

9. Wounds of the Liver and Spleen are mortal, where the Vessels themselves are wounded; where not, they may be cured.

10. Wounds of the Kidneys are not mortal; if the Wound penetrate into the Cavity it self, for the most part an Ulcer follows, which consumes the whole Kidney, yet the Patient may continue many years: If the Parachyma, only be wound∣ed, sometimes, through difficulty, it may be cu∣red.

11. Wounds of the Bladder are seldom so per∣fectly cured, but that for the most part there re∣mains a Fistula; but those that are made at the neck of the bladder, are daily cured.

12. Wounds of the great Veins and Arteries are often mortal; but every Surgeon understands not rightly to bind up such Wounds; therefore the cause of death is not always to be cast upon the guilty.

13. Wounds of the great Nerves are for the most part incurable, and sometimes mortal.

14. Wounds from poisoned Instruments or Crea∣tures, generally are mortal.

Wounds of Nerves, Veins, Tendons and Mem∣branes, are more difficultly, and longer of Cure, than those of the fleshy parts.

A Wound from a pricking Instrument, is of less danger, than from a bruising.

A Nerve, Vein or Artery, if wholly divided, are less dangerous, than if they were but in part.

A great Inflamation coming upon a great Wound, is of no great danger, except it continue too long; but a great Inflamation falling upon a little Wound, is an ill sign.

The Inflamation for the most part vanisheth by the fifth day; therefore if the Wound then ap∣pear white, livid or black, 'tis not void of danger.

A Fever, Vomiting and Convulsion, are dange∣rous; but a Fever and Vomiting of less danger than a Convulsion.

CHAP. II. Of the Cure of Wounds in general.

HEre are required four Intentions: 1. To preserve the strength and native heat of the wounded Part. 2. To remove the Symptoms. 3. To endeavour that nothing remains, or be left behind in the Wound. 4. That the gaping Lips of the Wound be joined toge∣ther; and being so joined, be kept▪

CHAP. III. Of the preservation of the strength and Native heat in the wounded Part.

CHirurgery removes the impediments of Cure, but Nature her self cures the Disease; which it will scarce effect, where the Native heat is weak, or the Blood vitiated; or where it flows in too great or too little quantity to the Wound: in flowing in too great quantity, it produceth an Inflammation, Pain, Putrefaction, and many other Symptoms; where in too little quantity, the Wound is robbed of its Natural Balsam, ne∣cessary to consolidate it.

The natural strength and native heat is preserved by a convenient Diet, fitted to the temperament of Mans body in general, and in particular, to the Part affected. Of the Diet of the Sanguine,

Cholerick, Phlegmatick and Melancholick, we have treated of before, when we spoke concern∣ing a Phlegmon, Erysipelas, Oedema, Schirrhus.

Then Care is to be had of the Blood, seeing it af∣fords assistance to the matter, and serves to unite the Wound. Where it is vitiated, it requires purging: But if it flow in too great quantity, Intercipients, Re∣pellents, Revellents and Derivation must be us'd.

If it flow in too small quantity, Aliments that nou∣rish, are convenient, as also Medicines that streng∣then, and that move Sweat: Outwardly, gentle Frictions and Embrocations moderately hot.

Then the Cure is to be perfected by External Medicines; which shall be declared in the follow∣ing Chapter, when we speak of the removal of the Symptoms, and the Cure of Wounds themselves.

CHAP. IV. Of the Symptoms of Wounds.

THe chief Symptoms of Wounds are, 1. A Fever whose Cure we commend to the Physitian' 2. A Flegmon or Inflamation. 3. An Erysipelas. Of the Cure of both which, look in the second and third Chapter of the first Book. 4. Hemorage, which not only impedes the Cure, but also de∣prives of strength and life it self; therefore great Care is to be taken that it be stopped as soon as possible, which in the greater Vessels, especially the Arteries, is very hard to do; therefore those Wounds are for the most part Mortal: For Me∣dicines that stop Blood are too weak, and hard

Ligatures occasion a Gangrene; the surest way therefore in my opinion, is an actual Cautery; the lesser Vessels may and will close, Some close the Wound of the Vessels with their Fingers, and so hold them there while the Blood is coagulated, and the Flux stopt; but this Operation seldom succeeds; besides the long holding of the Finger in the Wound is hurtful.

Therefore let the Wound together with the Ves∣sels be forthwith clos'd by the Fingers, but if you cannot come to do this, outwardly make a com∣press upon the Vessel; which done, wipe away the Blood with a Spunge, then sprinkle some restrin∣gent Powder; but not over the whole Wound (which is used to be done by the ignorant) but on∣ly upon the Vessels; then bind up the Wound, continuing the use of the Medicines stopping Blee∣ding, while there appears no longer any Blood; not neglecting in the mean time, Generals, viz. Scarification and Bleeding, &c.

Medicines that stop a Flux of Blood.

Roots of Bistort, Cinquefoil, Tormentil, Com∣frey the greater, Red Saunders, Lignum Leutisci, Pomegranate-rinds, Mastick, Talk, Acacia, Dra∣gons-Blood, Amber, Sarcocols, Frankincense; the hairs of a Hare, Os sepiae, burnt-Crabs; Whites of Eggs, Mummy, Cobwebs, red, Coral Chalk, Bloodstone, Bole-Armenick, Aloes succotrine, Frogs dried and powdered, crude Vitriol, burnt Vitriol.

Take fine Meal, three ounces; Dragons-Blood, Frankincense, of each an ounce and half; Bole, Sealed Earth, of each two drams, Talk, six

drams; dried Frogs, an ounce; Hares hair cut very small, a dram and a half; Whites of Eggs dried in the Sun, and powdered half an ounce; New Spunges torrified, an ounce; white Vitriol, a dram: Mix them, and make them into a fine Powder.

5. Pain; which must of necessity be eased, be∣cause it creates watchings, and dejects the Spirits, and is cause of the Flux of Humors to the Party affected; and of Inflamation, Fever and Gangrene; but the Causes are diligently to be considered: For if either Medicines that are sharp, or too hot, occasion it, they are presently to be altered: 'Tis better to confess the Error, than pertinaci∣ously to persevere in it.

If any foreign Body remains in the Wound, it must be drawn forth.

If pain comes from the choaking in of the Matter, you must allow it a free passage.

If an Inflamation be the cause of it, its Reme∣dies are set down in the second Chapter of the first Book: You must apply to the Wound those things which ease pain, and are anodine; as Oyl of Roses, Linseed, Camomile, Worms, sweet Al∣monds, Poppies, &c.

Take Oyl of Roses, of Poppy-seeds, of Ca∣momile, of each an ounce; the White of an Egg, Saffron, a scruple; Mix them.

But if the pain cease not with these or the like Medicines, it is a sign that some Nerve is woun∣ded, or affected by consent: The Cure shall be set down in the following.

6. Convulsion or Spasm; this shews the Ma∣lignity of the Humor, or the ill constitution of the Nerves, neither of them promising any good:

Here must be used both Internal and External Medicines, appropriated to the Disease; the In∣ternal, by reason of the diversity of causes, we commend to the Physitian.

External Medicines for a Convulsion.

Balsam of Peru, the fat of Geese, Castor, Fox∣es, Rams, Mans: Horse-dung, Oyls of Juniper, Lavender, Ol. Philosophorum, Amber, Turpentine, Rue, Marjoram, Worms, Castor, Orise, Bays, Petraeleum; Ointments of Agrippa, Martiatum, Ung. Nervorum, Spirit of Wine.

Take Oyl of Snails, Worms, Sesamin, of each an ounce; of the Grease of Rams and Foxes, of each half an ounce; fresh Butter, six drams; Spi∣rit of Wine, three ounces: Let them boil till the Spirit be consumed; then add Oyl of Spike distil∣led, Rosemary, Amber, of each two drams: Mix it into an Ointment.

Against a Convulsion there cannot a better Re∣medy be invented than distill'd Oyl of Lavender, some few drops being given in some convenient Liquor; and anointing well the convulsed part.

7. Hypersarcosis, or too great increase of flesh; which if it happens from abundance of Blood, the flesh is solid, and otherwise well conditioned; but if from the too weak quality of drying Medicines, it is spungy; of the same nature, as when the Bone underneath is rotten. In the former Case, Bleeding is convenient, and sometimes fasting, and the use of strong drying Medicines: In the latter, the Medicines must be very strongly drying that are applied: Detersive and Corroding Remedies are here good.

Medicines against too great increase of Flesh.

Burnt-Spunges, Burnt-Allom, Galls, Aloes, the Bark of Frankincense, Tutty, Verdigrease, burnt Vitriol, Praecipitate, Arsenick.

A Green Corrosive Water,

Take crude Allom, Verdigrease of each two drams; boil them in eighteen ounces of white-Wine, to a wasting of the fourth part; strain them, and add Camphire, a dram: Mix them.

A Powder very drying, and somewhat corroding.

Take Galls, Balaustions, burnt-Allom, Frankin∣cense, Myrrhe, of each a dram; Dragons-Blood, Ceruse, Verdigrease, of each half a dram: Make it into a Powder.

8. A Gangrene and Sphacelus, concerning which, look in the fourteenth Chapter of the first Book of the second Part of Chirurgery.

CHAP. V. Of the drawing forth Extraneous Bodies out of the Wound.

NO Wound ought to be joined together, as long as any Extraneous Body remains in it; for otherwise, after some little time, it will break out into an Ulcer: The Blood, by which Nature unites the divided Parts, if it flow in great quan∣tity

to the wounded Part, and there coagulates, 'tis to be removed by Expression, sucking it out, or by any other way; for so there will be less Matter generated, and the Symptoms fewer; but where an Haemorage is feared, all the Blood is not to be cleansed away.

Where Hairs are about the Wound, they are to be removed.

If Sand; or any such like thing remain within the Lips of the Wound, they are to be washed a∣way with warm Wine.

Broken-Bones, if loose, are to be taken away the first dressing, except an Haemorage hinder; but if they yet stick to the other Bones, then Na∣tures endeavours are to be expected, and see whether they will be united again to the other Bone, or separated from it.

If a piece of Glass, Thorn, Arrow or Bullet, or any like thing remains in the Wound, 'tis forth∣with to be taken forth; but before the Chirurge∣on goes about to draw them forth, let him con∣sider well, whether the Patient, that Extraneous Body being extracted, can live or not; lest the Chirurgeon be thought to have occasioned the Patients death.

Of the manner of Extracting Bullets, we have treated before; and Arrows are to be drawn forth almost after the same manner; but they are not in use at this day among Christian Soldiers: But if neither with the Hand nor Instruments, what remains in the wound can be drawn forth, then you must endeavour it with Medicines indeed with an extractive quality.

Medicines drawing forth Thorns, Bones, Bul∣lets, &c.

Roots of Aron, Birthwort, Bastard Dittany, Masterwort, Polypody, Radishes, Valerian: Herbs, Southernwood, Pimpernel, Anemone, Red-Beet, Ditany: Gums, Ammoniacum, Galbanum, Sa∣gapenum, Succinum, Pitch, the Brains and Grease of Hares, Crabs, a live Mouse cut in two, Com∣mon Flies, Earth-worms, Burnt Frogs, Goose-dung, Load-stone, Leaven, Plaister of Opodel∣doch.

Take Roots of round Birthwort, Ditany of Crete, of each a dram and an half; Rosin of the Pine, Colophony, of each six drams; yellow Amber, three drams; Gum Ammoniacum, Ap∣poponax, of each an ounce; Pigeons dung, three drams; Oyl of Bays, half an ounce; Tur∣pentine and Pitch, as much as to make it into a Plaister.

CHAP. VI. Of the manner of joining the Lips of Wounds together.

THe Lips of the Wound are joined together, either by Ligature or Stitching. Ligature is convenient in Wounds made according to the length of the Member, and not deep; let the Bandage be neither too hard, nor too loose, and of that breadth that it may take in the whole

Wound. If it be a long Wound, the Rowler must be three Fingers broad, and laying the midst of it upon the Wound, rowl one part upward, and the other downward; which must neither be too loose, for then it will not keep the Lips of the Wound together; nor too straight, lest it cause an Infla∣mation: In the Winter the Rowlers must be of greater length than in the Summer: In great Wounds, besides Rowlers, the Surgeon stands in need of Boulsters.

Stitching is performed either by Needle or stick∣ing Medicines. It is requisite that the Chirurgeon never be without a Needle; for by it he frees his Patient from Pain, the Wound from Inflamation, and himself from many inconveniences; and the Wound so requiring it, let him take a three-pointed Needle, with a waxed Thred, which let him pass through the Skin, and sometimes also through the subjacent Flesh, taking Care that the Tendons be not prickt; and also that the Stitches be not too few nor too many; but keeping such distance between each, that the Skin may be drawn toge∣ther, and the edges themselves joyned, leaving a little part for the putting in of a Tent, that may give passage to the superfluous Matter: These Tents are not necessary in little Wounds; and in great, they must neither touch the Nerve or Tendon, nor reach to the bottom of the Wound.

Where Ligature is not sufficient, and a Stitch with a Needle not convenient, the sticking Plai∣ster is very necessary; for so firmly doth this Plai∣ster adhere to the Wound, that neither the mat∣ter flowing out of the Wound, nor the Blood, nor any other moisture loosens it. Oftentimes in this

case is used, the Stiptick Plaister of Crollius, or Pa∣racelsus, but this sticks more firmly.

Take Sarcocols, Bole, Mastick, Dragons-blood, Rosin of the Pine, of each a dram; Gum-Taca∣mahack, a dram and an half; Naval-pitch, as much as sufficeth: Make it into a Plaister.

CHAP. VII. Of Medicines necessary for the Curing of Wounds.

MEdicines necessary for the Cure of Wounds, are of three sorts: 1. Digestives, or moving matter. 2. Sarcoticks, or generating Flesh. 3. Epu∣loticks, or inducing a Cicatrice.

Experience hath taught, that a Wound may be cured oftentimes only by Digestive or Sarcotick Medicines; but this is better, and more certain, when they are both mixt together: In the Fleshy Parts, Digestives may alone serve; but in Tendi∣nous, Nervous, Membranous, or other drier Parts, Sarcoticks are convenient, either alone, or mixt with Digestives.

Digestives.

Common Oyl, Oyl of Roses, Mastick, fresh Butter and May-Butter, Gum-Elemny, Turpen∣tine, Frankincense, Mastick; the Flower of Wheat, Barley, Fenugreek, Yolks of Eggs, Honey.

Take Oyl of Olives, two ounces; yellow Wax,

half an ounce; Frankincense, Mastick, of each a dram; the yolk of an Egg, fresh Butter, as much as is sufficient: Make it into an Ointment.

Sarcoticks.

Roots of Birthwort, Orrise, Sanicle, Comfrey the greater; Herbs, Betony, Centaury, Comfrey, St. John's-wort, Pimpernel, Plantain, Scabious, Scor∣dium, Vervain; of Seeds, Beans, Fenugreek, Linseed, Barley; Frankincense, Aloes, Bole, sealed Earth, Colophony; Gums of Elemny, Pine, Lau∣danum, Mastick, Myrrhe, Dragons-Blood, Sarco∣cols, Turpentine, Tragacanth; Wax, Honey, Mum∣my, Cadmia, Ceruse, Lapis Calaminaris, Litharge, Burnt-Lead, Phomholix, Lapis Haematitis; Oyls of St. John's wort, Bays, Mastick, Myrrhe; Oint∣ment, Aureum, Basilicum, Fuscum, of Felix Wurtz, Diapompholigos; Plaisters, Stipticum of Crollius and Paracelsus, Oppodeldoch, of Betony, Dia∣sulphuris of Rulandus; Balsoms, of Peru, of Crol∣lius, of Magatus, Aqua vitae; the fat of Geese, Foxes, Bears, Goats, Mans.

An Excellent Vulnerary Balsom.

Take Turpentine, half a pound; Gum Galba∣num, Elemny, Ivy, Frankincense, Mastick, Myrrhe, of each an ounce; Aloes, Xylo aloes, Galangal, Cloves, Cinamon, Nutmegs, Cubebs, of each half an ounce: Infuse them four and twenty hours in a sufficient quantity of Spirit of Wine; distil them and preserve the Oyl for your use.

Another,

Take Oyl of Violets, eight ounces; of Bays,

an ounce; Oyl of Venice-Turpentine, half an ounce; of Spike distill'd, of Junipers, Verdigreace, of each a dram; Rosin of the Pine, Turpentine, Colophony, Mastick, of each half an ounce; white Calcanthum, a dram and half: Boil them a little, then strain them for your use.

Another,

Take Flower of Brimstone, three ounces; Mirtle, three drams; Camphire, one dram; Ve∣nice-Turpentine, five ounces; distil them, and preserve the Oyl for your use.

A Vulnerary Plaister.

Take the Roots of round Birthwort, and Com∣frey the greater, of each half an ounce; Mummy, Colophony; Aloes, Mastick, Dragons blood, Li∣tharge of Gold, Tutia, of each two drams; Gum Elemny, two ounces; Turpentine, as much as suf∣ficeth to make it into a Plaister.

Another most excellent both in old and new Wounds.

Take Gum Galbanum, ten drams; Ammonia∣cum, three ounces and an half; Oppoponax, an ounce; Bdellium, three ounces: Yellow Wax, twenty ounces; Olibanum, three ounces; Litharge of Gold, a pound; Myrrhe, ten drams; Verdi∣greace, Mastick, Roots of long Birthwort, of each an ounce; Loadstone, two ounces; prepared Tu∣tia, Lapis Calaminaris, of each two drams; old Oyl of Olive, a pint and half: Dissolve the Gums in Vinegar, and let the rest be powdered; mingle them according to Art, and boil them into the form of a Plaister.

Epulotick or drying Medicines.

Roots of Comfry, Tormentil; Herbs, St. Johns-wort, Plantain, Sanicle, Fluellin, Betony; Flow∣ers of Balaustians, Red Roses; Saunders, Aloes, Myrrhe, Mastick, Sarcocols, Lapis Calaminaris, Red Lead, Lead, Litharge, Tutty; Ointments of Diapompholigos, Album Camphoratum; Plaisters, Gryseum de plumbo, Op••deldoch de Minio, Bar∣barum.

Take Oyl of Roses, of unripe Olives, of each three ounces; of Myrtles, Ointment of Poplars, of each an ounce and half; Leaves of Plantain and Night-shade, of each an handful; let them steep to∣gether eight days: afterwards add to the strain'd Liquor, Wax, two ounces; mingle them over the fire, adding Litharge of Gold, three ounces; Ce∣ruse, an ounce; Tutty, a dram; Burnt Lead, three drams; Burnt Brass, a dram and an half; Cam∣phire, a dram; let them be rubb'd in a Leaden Mortar into the form of an Ointment.

Take Roots of Tormentil, Bistort, round Birth-wort, burnt Egg-shels, Frankincense, Dragons-blood, of each half an ounce; Lapis Calaminaris, a dram; Litharge, two drams: Make it into a Powder.

Take Ung. Pompholigos, Diapalmae Grisei, of each an ounce; Gum Elemny, two drams; Saccharum Saturni, half a dram; Wax, as much as sufficeth to make it into a Plaister.

I never knew any better Medicine, if applied in a fitting time, to bring to a Cicatrice, than an Amalgama of Mercury, of which, this is the de∣scription.

Take two ounces of Lead, melt it, then add to it two ounces of Quick silver, pour it upon Paper dried and powdered; it may be mixt with the Plaister of Lead or Diapompholigos.

To these External Remedies, we join also Inter∣nal Medicines, which have been observed to pro∣fit much at all times in the Cure of Wounds.

Vulneraries.

Wintergreen, Sanicle, Ladies-Mantle, Comfry, Mugwort, Saxifrage, Tormentil, Agrimony, Mil∣foil, Horse-tail, Hounds-tongue, Betony, Periwin∣cle, Mouse Ear, Golden rod, Birthwort, Bistort, Dictany, Centory the less, Gentain.

A Wound Dring.

Take Roots of Comfrey the greater, half an ounce; of Wintergreen, two handfuls; of Sani∣cle, two pugils; Straw-berries, Ladies-Mantle, Sage, of each an handful; boil them in red Wine, and to a pint and half of the strained Liquor, add of the whitest Sugar, as much as is sufficient; Dose, three ounces.

Another very effectual, even when the Bone is hurt.

Take Roots of round Birthwort, an ounce and half; Sowbread an ounce; Self-heal, Crane-bill, of each an handful; Savin, three drams; Mummy, two drams; Crabs-eyes, half an ounce; Galan∣gal, two drams, powdered and cut: boil them in red-Wine, and to three pints of the strained Li∣quor, add of the Syrup of Comfry, of Fernelius, four ounces; mingle them. Dose, two ounces.

If any desires an Ointment, that many boast is able to cure the wound though the Patient be absent; this is its best description.

A Sympathetick Ointment.

Take Moss, two ounces; Mummy, half an ounce; Mans fat, two ounces; Mans-blood, half an ounce; Oyl of Linseed, two drams; Oyl of Roses, Bole, of each an ounce: Mix it, and make an Ointment.

Some use only Vitriol calcin'd in the Sun; but whosoever shall use them without Superstition, shall find many things attributed to Medicines, that are due to Nature; therefore 'tis safest to pro∣ceed in the beaten way.

CHAP. VIII. Of Wounds of the Nerves.

IN Treating of the Wounds of the Nerves, we also comprehend those of the Tendons; because there is scarce any difference in the Cure it self.

'Tis to be distinguished here, where the Nerve or Tendon be divided, or only prick'd.

This Wound is known, 1. By considering the wounded place, and by Anatomy, which teacheth in what Members the Nerves are inserted; but the Tendons seeing they terminate near the Joynts, the Hands and Feet having many; if a Wound should be inflicted in these parts, who would not fear them to be so hurt, especially if it be with a trans∣verse

wound. 2. From the great Pain, which cau∣ses Pulsation, Inflamation, Convulsion and Deli∣rium, &c. except the Nerves be wholly transver∣sly divided, and then the Symptoms are altoge∣ther not so grievous.

Prognosticks.] All the wounds of the Nerves are dangerous; a Puncture more dangerous than an Incision: Wounds of Tendons are less dangerous than Nerves. Convulsion is an ill sign; Nerves and Tendons wounded, do easily putrifie.

Cure.] In all Wounds of Nerves or Tendons, seeing pain greatly molests, occasioning many Symptoms, care is to be taken that it be allevia∣ted as soon as possible. Outward cold things do here hugely injure, not only the Air, but Medicines themselves: For Experience hath taught us, that cold, moist and astringent Medicines do nought but hurt; therefore 'tis best to use Medicines mode∣rately hot and drying, but void of any sharpness. The Wound also is to be kept open, till the Cure be absolutely performed, that the Matter may flow freely forth; which if kept in, may increase the pain, and cause the putrefaction of the Nerve; which, if it should happen, the corrupt Part is to be cut off, or removed by an actual Cautery.

Moreover it is to be observed, whether the Nerve or Tendon lies bare or not; if bare, warm Medicines are convenient; but if covered, hotter Medicines are required; in the mean time, Pur∣ging and Bleeding are not to be neglected.

External Medicines in Wounds of the Nerves and Tendons.

Old Oyl of Olives, of Earth-worms, of Dill,

Rue, Rosemary, Costmary, white-Lillies, St. John's wort, Castore, of Turpentine, Wax, Lavender, Balsom of Peru; Gums, Elemi, Tacamahac, Ca∣ranna, Opobalsamum, Capayvae, Spirit of Wine.

Take Venice-Turpentine, Tears of the Fir-tree, of each an ounce; Gum Tacamahac, half an ounce; of Caranna, two drams; Balsom of Peru, three drams; Propoleos, six drams; Oyl of St. John's wort, an ounce: Make it into an Ointment.

Oyl of Wax, Lime water, and the brown Oint∣ment of Faelix Wurtz, are here excellent, if right∣ly used.

CHAP. IX. Of Wounds by Gun-shot.

ALthough daily practice teaches us, that Bul∣lets may be poison'd, yet they are not so of their own nature; for the pain in part, and the o∣ther Symptoms arise from the solution of the continuity and the contusion.

Here first the Bullet, and any thing else that ac∣companies it, is to be drawn forth, lest pain and inflamation coming upon it, may hinder; and care is to be had, that neither of them increase; and the contused Part, by the following Medi∣cines be brought to suppuration.

Take Oyl of white Lillies, of Violets, of each two pints; two Puppies newly whelp'd; boil them till their Bones be almost dissolv'd; then add Oyl of Earth-worms, a pint; and boil them a∣gain; strain them, and add of Venice-Turpentine,

three ounces; Spirit of Wine, an ounce: Make it into a Liniment.

A Wound-Ointment.

Take Venice-Turpentine, an ounce; Galbanum, two drams; Calfs-marrow, half an ounce; Pow∣der of Scorzonera and Scordium Roots, of each two scruples; Oyl of St. John's-wort, half an ounce; the Yolk of an Egg, Threacle, a dram: Make it into an Ointment.

Another more effectual.

Take Roots of Birthwort powdred, a scruple and an half; Mummy, Amber, Mastick, of each a dram; Turpentine, half an ounce; Euphorbium, a dram; Ung. Aegyptiacum, half an ounce; yolks of one Egg, Oyl of Elders, as much as is sufficient; Saf∣fron, a scruple: Make it into an Ointment.

Another more excellent than the former, and which likewise resists Putrefaction

Take Tar, Turpentine, Galbanum, of each two ounces; Mastick, Frankincense, Nitre, Sal Armoniack, of each an ounce; Allom, half a dram; Verdigrease, white Vitriol, Camphire, Powder of Worms, of each a dram; Oyl of Lin seed, Roses, of each two ounces; Oyl of Worms, and Turpentine, of each a dram: Mo∣lax them with a gentle Fire; and make them in∣to an Ointment.

If the Nerve hinder not, in a great putrefacti∣on, there may be added some Precipitated Mer∣cury.

An Anodine Plaister.

Take Bean-meal, Crums of brown-Bread, of each two drams; let them be put in Milk, adding to them Oyl of Roses, Violets, of each an ounce; Yolks of Eggs, No. iij. Powder of Red Roses, Scordium, of each an ounce and half; Wax, as much as sufficeth: Make it into a Plaister.

An Anodine Cataplasm.

Take Roots of Marshmallows, Comfrey the greater, of each an ounce; Flowers of Camomil, Melilot, St. John's wort, of each half a handful; Tops of Wormwood, two pugils; boil them in Milk, adding to them of the Meal of Marshmal∣low-roots and Beans, of each an ounce and an half: Make it into a Poultice.

If the Wound be quite through, a Tent must be put into both Orifices; for a Flamula is inconve∣nient and hurtful. At first, dressing it once a day, is sufficient; for in Wounds made by Gun-shot, there seldom appears any Matter before the third or fourth day; after this, the quantity or acri∣mony of the Matter will guide you best, whether it is to be drest once, twice or thrice a day.

CHAP. X. Of Poysoned Wounds.

POysoned Wounds are made sometimes by Bul∣lets, Arrows, Swords and other Instruments;

sometimes by mad Beasts, as Dogs, Wolves, which hurt more by their venomous quality, than by wounding.

Signs are, vehement pain, a livid Colour sud∣denly becoming black; Symptoms more grievous than for the quality of the Wound; a Heat over the whole Body; Trembling, Delirium, Fainting, &c.

Prognosticks.] A poysoned Wound, though little, may bring death, especially if near to the Heart, or any other Noble Part; or the Chirurgeon not call'd soon enough.

Cure consists chiefly in this, that the Venom be drawn forth by Cupping glasses, attractive Medi∣cines, Scarifications, or, which is safest, by an actual Cautery; but then it must not be in a Ner∣vous Part, the Escar to be forthwith removed, and the Wound to be cured by degrees. Inwardly Su∣dorificks and Cordials profit. Bleeding and Pur∣ging hurt.

A Plaister that draws forth the Poyson out of the Wound, and corroborates the Part.

Take boiled Onions, three ounces; Treacle, half an ounce; Goats dung, an ounce; Angelica-Roots in Powder, a dram and half; Oyl of Scor∣pions, an ounce and half; Honey and Wax, as much as is sufficient to make it into a Plaister.

That corroborates the Part, extracts the Venom, pro∣duceth Matter, and incarns the Wound.

Take Gums, Galbanum, Sagapenum, Opopo∣nax, Assa Foetida, Mirtle, Pepper, Brimstone, of

each six drams; Pigeons and Ducks-dung, of each an ounce; Mummy, half an ounce; the great Comfrey-Roots powdered, three drams; Oyl of St. John's-wort, as much as sufficeth to make it into a Plaister.

CHAP. XI. Of particular Wounds.

IN Wounds of the Head, where the Pericrani∣um is hurt, a stitch either by Needle or Plaister, is not convenient; fat things hurt, but comfort∣ing and drying profit much.

Take Mastick, Myrrhe, Aloes, Sarcocols, of each half a dram; Dragons-blood, two scruples; Bole, a scruple; Venice-Turpentine, two ounces; Honey of Roses, a little: Make it into a Plai∣ster.

Wounds of the Brain are accompanied with pain of the Meninges, and a great Flux of Blood; to which succeeds other Symptoms, and for the most part Death it self. Oyl of Roses applied warm, greatly easeth pain, and fresh Pigeons-blood effects the same.

In an Haemorage.

Take Myrrhe, Aloes, Mastick, Dragons-blood, Rhubarb, Red Coral prepared, Hares hair cut small, of each a dram: Make it into a very a fine Powder.

Wounds of the Face are not to be stitcht; but

always care is to be taken, that the Scars may not render it deformed.

In Wounds of the Eyes, you must abstain from all Unctious things. The sound Eye is to be bound as well as the whole. The Head must be placed upright; if there be a Flux of Blood, the follow∣ing things are convenient.

The Blood of Turtles, Pigeons, Hens, Mucilage, of the seeds of Fleawort, of Quinces, Tragacanth, Bloodstone, Ceruse, Tutty, Frankincense, Aloes; the white of an Egg, Water of Roses, and Plan∣tain, Decoction of Balaustians, Red Roses, Galls, &c.

Take white Troches of Rasis, prepared Tutty, Aloes Powdered, of each half a scruple; Red-wine, an ounce; Red Rose water and Plantain, of each two ounces; Mucilage, of the seeds of Flea∣wort, Tragacanth, of each a dram: Make a Col∣lyrium.

In pain, Womans-milk fresh, is good; or the above described Collyrium, adding to it half a scru∣ple of Opium, and applying over it this Cata∣plasm,

Take of rotten Apples, two ounces; Flowers of Linseed, half an ounce; Mucilage, Seeds of Flea wort, two drams; crude Opium, half a dram; Yolks of Eggs, as much as is sufficient to make it into a Cataplasm.

A part of the Nose quite cut off, never unites again, although the Wound be but just made; but if it adheres still to the Body, 'tis to be stitched to it with a Needle.

Wounds of the Ears and Lips find greater be∣nefit from the Needle than from Ligature.

Wounds of the Lungs require comforting and

drying Medicines; sharp being here very hurtful, though used in other Wounds.

Externally.

Take Roots of great Comfrey, Tormentil, Cloves, of each half an ounce; Flowers of Red Roses, half a handful; Mastick, Myrrhe, Aloes, of each a dram; boil them in Barley-water, and to half a pint of the strained Liquor, add Syrup of Mirtles, common and strained Honey of Roses, of each two ounces: Make it into a Liniment.

Internally.

Take Leaves of Fluellin, Strawberries, Sani∣cle, of each half a handful; Lung-wort, a hand∣ful; Roots of Angelica, two drams; Liquoras, a dram; Jujubies, No. xv. Raisons, half an ounce; boil them in Barley-water, and add to a pint and half of the strained Liquor, Syrup of Diacodion, three ounces: Mix them, let them take four ounces of it three or four times a day.

Half a dram of Sperma Ceti taken every day, is excellent; but it weakens the Brain.

Wounds of the Heart are always mortal, and those that penetrate into the left Ventricle, kill sud∣denly; they seldom live so wounded, above six, twelve, or twenty hours, although there are ex∣amples produced for it. If wounded into the right Ventricle, it permits the Patient to live longer; but that which terminates in the substance of the Heart, grants yet longer time.

Wounds of the Stomach for the most part are left to be cured by Nature, which here doth mi∣racles; yet in a Flux of Blood, Bleeding is requi∣site. In a Wound penetrating into the Cavity it

self, all the Tunicles being divided, the Wound of the Abdomen ought to be united by a Stitch, a little Orifice being left, through which a Tent is to be put, which must not enter the Wound of the Stomach, but only outwardly touch it; let it be armed with this, or the like.

Take Oyl of Mastick, of Fir-tree, of each an ounce; Manna, of Frankincense, two drams; Powder of the Roots of Tormentil, of the greater Comfrey, of each a dram; Saffron a Scruple; Earth-worms, half a dram; White-Wine, two ounces; boil them to the Consumption of the Wine, and make a Liniment.

Take Turpentine, half an ounce; Yolk of an Egg, Oyl of St. John's-wort, an ounce: Mix it, and make a Liniment.

Wounds of the Small-Guts, sometimes, though seldom, may be cured (this I can prove by a nota∣ble Example.) Those of the Great-Guts are more ea∣sie. Where the Small-Guts are hurt, the Chyle, and sometimes the Meat & Drink, comes forth through the Wound; there is great pain, with a Fever and Nauseousness. Where the Great-Guts, the Excre∣ments come out at the Wound, or at least the scent; the Body is bound; the Wound is forthwith to be stitcht together, and the Gut to be restored into its natural place, well cleansed with warm Water, and this following Powder sprinkl'd upon it.

Take Aloes, Mastick, Frankincense, Mummy, Dragons-blood, of each a dram: Make it into a Powder.

Wounds of the Liver and Spleen require bleed∣ing, and if the Belly be bound, Clisters are daily to be injected; to the Wound it self are to be ap∣plied Astringent and Drying Medicines.

Wounds of the Kidneys are difficultly and slow∣ly cured: If made into the Cavity it self, the Blood that comes forth is Serous, otherwise more pure. This Liniment is of great esteem to be used outwardly.

Take Rosin of the Pine, six ounces; Oyl of Bays and Turpentine, of each an ounce; Gum Elemny, four ounces and an half: Mingle them.

Inwardly are to be given the Troches of Al∣kakingi, Gordonius, de Carabe, or Sealed-Earth, Bole, Turpentine and Wound-Drinks.

Wounds of the Bladder are generally cured af∣ter the same manner; but it is very seldom that they leave not behind them a Fistula.

The following Pills are of great use in Wounds and Ulcers in the Kidneys and Bladder.

Take Mans Bones calcin'd,, three drams; Chalk, Burnt Talk, of each a dram, Troches of Winter Cherries, three drams; Venice-Turpentine a little boil'd, as much as is sufficient: Make them into Pills about the bigness of little Pease, rowling them in the Liquoras-powder; let the Patient take morning and evening six of these.

The End of the Second Part of the Second Book.