A briefe of the art of rhetorique Containing in substance all that Aristotle hath written in his three bookes of that subject, except onely what is not applicable to the Engligh tongue.

CHAP. 8. Of Shame.

SHame is a perturbation of the Minde arising from the ap∣prehension of Evill, past, present, or to come, to the prejudice of a Mans owne, or his friends repu∣tation.

The things therefore which men are ashamed of are those Actions which proceede from Vice, as

• To throw away ones armes; to run away, signes of Cowardli∣nesse.
• To deny that which is com∣mitted to ones trust, a signe of Injustice.
• To have lyen with whom, where, and when we ought not, signes of Intemperance.
• To make gaine of small and

• base things; not to helpe with money whom, and how much we ought; to receive help from meaner men; to aske mony at use from such as one thinkes will borrow of him; to borrow of him that expects payment of somewhat before lent; and to redemand what one has lent, of him that one thinkes will bor∣row more; and so to praise, as one may bee thought to aske, signes of Wretchednesse.
• To praise one to his face; to praise his vertues too much, and colour his vices; signes of Flat∣tery.
• To be vnable to indure such labours, as men indure, that are elder, tenderer, greater in quali∣ty, and of lesse strength then hee, signes of Effeminacy.
• To be beholden often to ano∣ther; and to upbraid those that are beholden to him, signes of Pusillanimity.
• ...

• To speake and promise much of ones selfe; and to assume ••o ones sel••e more then his due, signes of Arrogance.
• To want tho••e things which ones Equalls, all, or most of them have attained to, is also a thing to be ashamed of.
• And to su••fer things ignomini∣ous, as to serve about anothers person; or to be imployed in his base actions.

In Actions of In••••mperance, whether willingly, or unwil∣lingly committed, there is shame: in Actions of Force; onely when they are done unwillingly.

The men before whom we are ashamed, are such as wee respect, namely,

• Those that admire us.
• And those whom wee desire should admire us.
• And those whom we admire.
• Those that contend with ••s for honour.
• ...

• Those whose opinion we con∣temne not.

And therefore men are most ashamed in the pre••ence

• Of Old and well bred men.
• Of those wee are alwayes to live with.
• Of those that ••••e not guilty of the same fault.
• Of th••se that doe not easily pardon.
• And of those that are apt to reveale our faults•• such as are ••••n injured, Ba••••biters, Scof∣f••rs, Comick Poets.
• And of those before whom we have had alwayes good suc∣cesse.
• And of those who never asked any thing of us before
• And of such as desire our Friendship.
• And of our familiars, that know none of our Crimes.
• And of such as will reveale

• our faults to any of those that are named before.

But in the presence of such, whose judgement most men de∣spise, men are not ashamed.

Therefore we are ashamed also in the presence

• Of those whom we reverence,
• And of those who are concer∣ned in our owne, or Ancestors, or Kinsfolkes actions or misfor∣tunes, if they be shamefull.
• And of their Rivalls.
• And of those that are to live with them that know their dis∣grace.

The Common Opinions con∣cerning Impudence are taken from the contrary of these.