The Sclopotarie of Iosephus Quercetanus, phisition. Or His booke containing the cure of wounds receiued by shot of gunne or such like engines of warre. Whereunto is added his spagericke antidotary of medicines against the aforesayd woundes. Published into English by Iohn Hester, practitioner in the said spagiricall arte

A TREATISE MADE BY THAT FA∣mous Phisitian Iosephus Quercetanus, and intituled his Sclo∣petarie: wherein is contained the perfect curation of such wounds, which comes by shot of gun or by any other engine of warre.

CHAP. 1. Sundrie disputations of the essence of woundes by shot, and of the venome and blasting ioyned therewith.

IT may be, it will seeme superfluous to some, that I haue thought it conue∣nient to set out this Treatise of curing woundes by gunshot, of the which di∣uers, and especially that excellent phisi∣tion Laurentius Iubertus hath ver••e lately so diligently and fully written, that there is not let passe anie thing, that pertaineth to the essence or nature of such wounds. The which being found out and knowne, presently the chiefest and truest way of curing is shewed, and that same did that learned man Iubertus moste excellently and orderly set out in his booke: but y^t causes, why I was not withdrawn by the authori∣tie of this man, from my pretended purpose, chieflie was the bur∣den of inconueniences of these woundes which we intend to treate of, & next a naturall desire (from my birth) placed in me of the im∣mortall God, to bring (as much as in me ••teth) some helpe to man∣kinde, and especiallie to mine owne countrimen, for whose sakes I haue also published this litle booke in the French toong, wherein I doubt not but that I shall bring to light some excellent remedies neither knowne to those which wrote before me, neither yet to the common people: the vse of which I haue learned both of excellent Phisitions and chyrurgions, partly when I trauelled in sundry do∣minions of Europe, and partly by the familiar companie which I had with most skilfull Phisitions abroad in the campes. And first I will set downe my opinion concerning the essence and nature of

such woundes: the which question (by the consent of all that haue written thereof) is the mincipallest. Batallus, Iubertus and Paraeus haue deliuered to vs that the hurts by gunshot are accompained with two inconueniences, that is, they consist of solution of con∣tinuitie, and brusing, with rending oftentimes of the muscles, ves∣sels, and flesh, to the which manie accidentes d••o come, the which be••ng diuers, must needs haue diuers intentions of curation. These are the two sortes of inconueniences, of the which by disputation they haue agreed on, woundes by gunshot to consist, and therefore they haue set downe two kindes of remedies, one wherewith the partes so torne and wanne are holpen, that is the flesh, sinewes, ly∣gamentes, tendons, ioyntes and bones, and that by meanes of the bruse, the which may come to passe without anie manifest wound at all, and of the Erccians is called Ecchymoosis, yet not without daunger, but oftentimes subiect to great accidentes, and manie times hath great effusion of bloud betweene the mus∣cles, which when it is shed out of the vaines, presently putrifieth; also great aches, which are accompanied with great fiuxe of humours, diuers swellinges, inflamations, and at the last Gangrena and mor∣tification of the part affected.

The other sort which comes with a manifest wound is more dai∣ly seene, and the deeper and greater it is, so much it is thought the more dangerous, because the shot (whether of lead or brasse) the more vehementer it goeth in, so much the more it bruseth the parts in which it entreth, by the which cause the bloud is congealed which falleth in the hollownes of the wounde, and filleth the orofice of the veines and hollownes of the other partes, & then being destitute of his natur all heate (the which being quenched and mortified by the resolution of the spirits, & by reasō of the paine & tearing of so ma∣ny parts, it goeth againe to the spring heade, that is to the heart, by reason of the feare which is takē with the deadly hurt) it becomes of a wannish & leady colour, like to that which the common sort cal∣leth Asure, the which is easily rotted, and easily doth rot the parts adioyning, and especially the Spermatical: the which according to the opinion of our auncesters, is easily turned to quitture: and that the easier and speedier this fleshe being brused and dead, may be se∣parated from the quicke and liuely flesh, the Chyrurgions doe com∣monly vse remedia suppu••a••tia & mollientia▪ the vse of which, al∣th••ugh it bee 〈◊〉〈◊〉 vsed in common bruses, yet in these

hurts it may not be followed without graue & waightie considera∣tions, and especially without consideration had of the body, time, and part, for in so much as these woundes doe easily admit great store of putrifaction, so that manie times wormes are ingendred with intollerable putrifaction, it is not to be doubted, but that by the vse of suche medicines, which by nature moue putrifaction, the griefe is increased and augmented, through euil vapors, where∣with the principall partes, that is to say, the heart, the braine and liuer are molested, whereof come crampes and phrensies with continuall feuers, and so commonly death followeth: But this hap∣peneth for the moste parte in bodies filled with euill iuice, whose flesh, when it is agreeued through putrifaction of the bloud, it is no maruell if the wound be verie dangerous and verie hard, or not at all to be cured. In this case the disposition of the aire and heauens, is to bee considered, and also the qualitie and state of the mem∣ber hurted. Who also doubteth but that through the entrāce of the South winde into the hollownesse of these wounds, whereby natu∣rall heate is weakened, there is great occasion to increase the putrifaction and generation of wormes, which is seen by dayly ex∣perience: that I may ouerpasse the authoritie of Hipocrates lib. Apho. 3. and in his booke de Epid. which also he signifieth in an∣other place, where he teacheth that drith is more healthier then moi∣sture, and so all corruption to come of ouermuch moysture, as it were of his proper matter. And to this purpose also it shall greatly auaile vs to haue a perfect knowledge of the temperamentes of partes, for wounds in the head, bottome of the stomacke and other moyst partes, and therefore more apt to putrifaction, although they be bruised, doe require of vs the vse of suppurantia, but yet not without great iudgement and heede taking, for because in this case great hurt doth often come through the vnskilfulnesse and rash∣nesse of the Phisition: neyther at anie time shall the Phisition be excused, although he see the wound verie muche stinking (which is alwaies an euill signe) or berayed with stincking matter and wormes, (which may come to passe in one day by reasons a∣fore alledged) yet I say he may not vse medicines called commonly Digestiues, although he reason, that it is a brused wound, & there∣fore must come to suppuration, because these incommodities draw∣ing on, we must presently haue recourse to such medicines as resist putrifaction, that the moste dangerous accidentes may be preuen∣ted,

which are threatned by that which is said before, that is to say Gangrena, Sphacelus and mortification of the whole members. Such medicines are the salts both mettaline and meane minerall drawne out especially of copper, iron, mercurie, vitriol, sulphur, ars∣nick, and orpiment, as we shall declare in such place where we shall intreate of curation, for these saltes hauing the office of an exterior Baulme, doo by their heate and subtlenesse, cut and make thinne, thicke humours, which doo choake naturall heate, and doo by their saltnesse and sharpnesse, withstand putrifaction: they doe defend the wound from Gangrena and mortification, and doo prepare the way (being mixed with meet medicines, as hereafter shall be decla∣red) to an easie and short curing, and that without paine.

Farre better medicines surely, then simple precipitate common∣ly prepared, or Egiptiacum, that specially which hath arsnicke and sublymate in it, or such like, whose common and dayly vse I can scarslie allowe, by reason of the great paine which they bring to the patient, of whome we ought to haue a great and speciall regard: the which incommodities may easily be auoyded, by a true and apt spagiricall preparation, which will be a great solace and comforte to the sound patient. Hitherto concerning the first remedies, which are appointed to the first intention, that is, to the restoring of mem∣bers brused & torne, in which ••ase it ••ehoueth to be a wise & warie phisition, in altering the medicines, and applie them as occasion do serue to sundrie affections and sodaine mutations, that so it be fore∣seene in all the whole sickenesse, as Galen also hath taught.

The second kinde of medicines, which serue to a more generall intention, pertaine to consolidate togither partes disioyned, the which is chiefely performed by the diligence of the radicall and na∣turall Baulme, which is present in euerie part, as the principall doer, and chiefest workemaster, being maintained with fit and con∣uenient nourishment, which balme hath great power and strength in vniting and knitting togither of partes disioyned: and this Baulme, as the cause principall and efficient, must be defended by the Phisition, who must fore-see, that the strength and efficacie therof, by no meanes be hindred: & must keepe from it al outward causes which are noysome and hurtfull thereunto, and also all such as haue power to hinder the consolidation thereof: which he may do both by orderly kinde of dyet, & by applications of meete medi∣cines. These reasons (as I may conclude in few words) do signifie

to vs two sorts of griefes which wounds by gunshot are accom∣panied with, that is to say, solution of continuitie, with brusing and rending of the soft, meane, and sound parts of mans bodie: and in∣deede, it oftentimes so falleth out. And these two intentions cura∣tiue (as I may say) were sufficient for vs, were it not that I can easily prooue, as well by reason as experience, and also by the fa∣uour of most brauemen which haue written before me, that these wounds are commonly accompanied with venome and blasting, the which two being adioyned, do•• require of vs other intentions curatiue. Notwithstanding we haue not spoken this to the intent to defend those, which haue thought this venome to come of the powder, partly through his essence, and partly by the transmutati∣on thereof: of which opinion was Iohn de Vigo, otherwise an ex∣cellent and learned Chirurgion, and nowe lately renewed by one Alphonsus Ferrius an Italian Phisitiō, whose disputation is lear∣nedly confuted by Botallus, Phisition to the king, and also in Chirurgerie most excellent. For the composition of the pouder especially declares, that the nature thereof can bee by no meanes venemous, in that it consisteth of brimstone, salt-peter & coale, all which simples are without venome, and also so holsome, that they haue great vertue in expelling of strong diseases: and amongst these, brimstone (vpon which Alphonsus especially groundeth his disputation) is most excellēt for diseases of the Lungs, so be it, it be right and orderly prepared, as we haue taught in our booke, of the Spagirical preparation of medicines: and that same may be lear∣ned out of the writinges of Galen, Theophrast, Plinie, Dioscori∣des, and also by the dayly vse and experience of our France, and other nations. For the Phisitions dispairing the curing of any no∣table disease, doo send their patients to the whot Bathes, which are in Bearnia, Germany, Subaudia and Italy, the which waters running through the mettaline vaines of the earth, they do retaine some of the spirit of Sulphur, some of Alome, some of Nyter, some of Vitrioll and such like: yet notwithstanding they are not wont to be deadly, but holsome, and especially those, which tast of Sulphur and Nyter, the which are very profitable against the palsie, Sciati∣ca, stone, long griefes of the stomake, and such other Tartarous diseases, whose cause is resolued and purged by vrine by the diure∣ticall and percing power, which proceedeth of the spirits of these mettals: which dayly experience doth teach by the incredible curati∣on

of most desperate diseases. And thus much of brimstone, which by no meanes is to be thought ve em••••s, no more then is sa••t Pe∣ter: which notwithstanding. I doe not thinke that it is all one with the Niter of D••oscorides & other ancients, as Bot••llus supposeth, for that must be had out of Macedonie & Egypt, where in old time great flore was to be found. In Macedonie by reason of y^• nature of the ground and Nitrous lake named Clitis, and in Egypt through the water of Nylus: which flowing ••uer his ban••es, did rest in vn-euen places, and in space of time it is imbibed with the salt∣nesse of the ground, and by little and little, through the heate of the sunne, was so hardened, that being not preuented, it would con∣sume to the hardnesse of stones: And such was the Nyter of Alex∣andria, which was the basest of all, and farthest dissenting from the markes of the best, because the chiefest is wont to be porous or hollow, for so it is described by Plinie and Dioscorides: and so, that we may returne to our salt-peter, which is vnlike to Niter, except paraduenture it hath a certaine agreance of qualities therewith, as all saltes haue a certaine agreeance among themselues, notwith∣standing we may truely and aduisedly ••ff••rme, that gun-powder hath no poyson or venome in it, by reason of the salt-peter, because the salt-peter is made, either of a••ertame fatnesse falling from the old wals or cellers, caues and den••es, (whereof it seemeth to take this name sal-petrae) or else it is made of the fat and rotten flores, stables, and old Churchyards: & that it is no more venomous, then is the salt, which we dayly and commonly vse, is easily prooued, in that many men do vse to eate it in-steede of ou•• common salt: and so (because we ••••dge there is no man that will withstand the authori∣t••e of most excellent Phisitions) we may conclude, that gun-pou∣der, through his composition is not venomous, for coa••e either of Willow, or other drie wood, (which is the third ingredience there∣of) is without al ve••••me, as is proued dayly by the gyrrles which are pale faced, and are sicke with the disease called Pica, much lesse then are the lyquors ve••amous, with which it is imbived, which is wine and Aquavitae. Thus much of the nature of powder, which if we weigh his composition, is not venemous because none of his simples or ingrediences are venemous: neither can it bee veno∣mous by any meanes by chaunging it into a firie qualitie. For rea∣son it selfe teacheth that fire both Actu and Potentia doth resist venome. And this is the venis error in which Alphonsus Fer. is

fallen, when hee sought for venome in th••s powder, in which is none at all, as by the particilar examination of the parts and sun∣ples we haue declared: and of this matter, may also the Germaine souldiers be a good ••nsample, for they so soone as cuer they per∣ceiue themselues wounded by shot▪ by and by, they put no small portion of the powder in a cuppe of w••ne, and as a holsome medi∣cine drinke it vp. Now some man wil say, I pray you from whence then do you thinke this venome in the wou••d doth proceed, it see∣meth then, that the cause is in the bullet, when it striketh & woun∣deth the person, and that also being commonly of leade, cannot be venomous, in so much as lead doth greatly agree with our nature, and is verie holsome thereunto: for it greatly aua••leth to the conso∣lidation and drying of sores, whether it be appl••ed in his meta••itue forme and shape, as whē places of leade are applied to depresse the swelling lippes of sores, or else the ashes thereof mortified and dis∣solued are mixed with emplaisters, as it is, being brought to Ce∣ruse and minium, (in which case the authoritie of all the auncient Phisitions is of great force) and in the vse thereof, there appeareth no one signe of venome. And I let passe to declare, how that some doo carrie the bullets long time after they are stroken in their bo∣dies, without any hurt at all: And therefore that we may aunswere to this necessarie question, I plainly confesse that lead being plain∣ly and simplie in his owne nature considered, cannot bring any ve∣nome to the wound, except it be outwardly poisoned, which thing is not hard to be done, euery man knoweth: neither I thinke doth any man doubt, but that leade (although in his substance it is more heauie and earth••e then other mettals) is rare and spongious, as all the Philosophers doo confesse, in that it consisteth of an impure & cumbustible sulphur, and of great store of grosse, vncleane, and dros∣sie Mercurie (which is the cause that it will be so soone melted: and of his raritie and softnes) and therefore it is most easily imbibed with any ••••quour: the which if it may be done to Iron, whose sub∣stance is farre more thicker, faster, and harder, for it hath lesse store of Mercure: let no man doubt but that lead by reasons before aleaged) will farre more easier receiue that venomous qualitie, whereof you may finde the witnesses of many authors, for who is ••gnorant but that the a••ncients haue often made mention of poiso∣ned weapons, the which the Greekes named 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, as in the ninth of Ʋirgils Eneados.

Vngere tela manu, ferrumque arma••e veneno.

And in the x. booke.

Vulnera dirigere, & calamos armare veneno.

And in the xii. booke.

Non seeus ac vento per nubem impulsa sagitta, Armatam saeui Parthus, quem felle veneni Parthus siue Lidon telum immedicabile torsit.

Likewise Silius lib. 1.

Spicula quae patrio gaudens acuisse veneno.

Also Ouid lib. Trist. 3.

Nam volucri ferro tinctile virus inest.

So Homer Odiss. 1.

Pharmacum homicida quaerens, vt ei esset vnde sagittas oblineret.

Likewise Theophrastus lib. Plant. 9. cap. 15. writeth, that among the Ethiopians there groweth a venemous roote, with which they are woont to annoint their arrowes: the same doth Plinie write of the Scithians lib. 12. cap. 53, and Paulus Aegineta in his sixt booke and fourescore and 8. chapter, writeth the same to be vsed with the Dacis and Dalmatians: and also Dioscorides affirmeth the same generallie (in his sixt booke and 20. chapter) to be vsed of the Bar∣barians. Neither shall it anie thing preuaile, if they alleadge, that lead being purged from his grosenesse in melting, after will not re∣ceiue into it selfe anie contrarie qualitie: for nature teacheth, and experience proueth that all mettals are purged by the fire, and are clensed therewith from their drossie earth, or vncleane susphure, and so thereby their substance becommeth farre more purer, and by this same meanes are mettals prepared, as copper, tinne, and iron it selfe, which through heate of the fire being melted, the filth and feces are purged and settle to the bottome, and that which remay∣neth cleane & pure is called steele as Arist. testifieth. 4. Met. cap. 6. And although it be proper to these vnperfect mettals in melting to cleanse them selues of their drosse and grosse substance (as it is sayd before) neuerthelesse they may imbibe into themselues a contrarie: for who doubteth but that steele (which is inferior to none in hard∣nesse) is oftentimes tempered with annost a contrarie qualitie or substance: who would iudge vineger, soote, salt, the water of earth∣wormes and mouseare, mixed with the iuice of radishrootes, to be of

an Iron substance, for Iron being often quenched in that iuice be∣commeth so hard, that scarsely any man, hauing not made proofe thereof, would credite it: and on the contrarie part, it is made soft by often quenching thereof in the iuice of Hemlocke, sope, and ho∣lthocke, the which also commeth to passe in tinne and leade, which being often melted and quenched in the iuice of y^e sea Onion, the one loseth his crackling, the other is purged of his blacknesse and tendernesse, which could not come to passe, except they did retaine some part of the spirit and vertue wherewith they are tempered. It is manifest therefore, that the mettals, although they be purged by the fire, may receiue easily y^e substance & nature of other things: and meere folly it were to thinke but that a farre more easier mix∣ture may be made of mettaline spirits, being as it were of one kinde, for we see Copper to bee dyed and waxe yeallowe with the spirit of Calemine and Tutiae, and againe to be white with the spi∣rits of Arsnick, Auripigment and such other, whereby it may iust∣ly be concluded, if that mettals and especially lead (whereof shot is commonly made) doth receiue a spirituall substance naturally of things which are of the owne kinde, of the which is made diuers mercuriall stincking and deadly waters, by adding to it the iuice of Libards bane▪ of the sea Onion, of the Ewe tree, of the herbe Crowfoote, and also of the poison of venemous beastes, the which by the contrarietie of their natures to ours, doe destroy the sub∣stance of our bodies: and by such venemous mixtures, I say, the shot is so poisoned, that by the onely passing through, it leaueth be∣hind it plaine and manifest tokens of his poison, and that not with∣out great daunger, if not with speedie remedie it be redressed. For we see also by dayly experience, such venemous compositions, that if onely the heade of an Arrow be tempered therewith, and woun∣ding a person, with drawing of blood, and the Arrow sticke not, but presently passeth away, yet is the poison so subtile and venemous that by little & little creeping from the smaller vaines to the grea∣ter, and so to the principall parts, the wounded man presently dieth. the which I haue declared, partly because it was my chance often to see the like, (and not onely I but also other worthy Phisitions, whose names for breuitie I let passe) partly that I might bring to light these wonderfull and prodigious effectes, which are wont to happen in this case: and that they might not be thought impossible, because they are knowne of a fewe, as more at large I meane to

declare in that booke de Antidotis, which I haue in hand, and doo meane (God willing) shortly to publish, wherein I will reueale both true and meete remedies against such poisons: and therefore let no man doubt but that the wound may be poisoned, through the venime of the shot, whether it be of leade or of any other mettall, al∣though some will say the contrarie, because it was neuer their chance to be conuersant with worthy and skilfull men, neither haue obserued the sundrie and myraculous effectes of nature (vnknowne witho••t doubt) to antiquitie. But that we may returne againe to our purpose, we conclude that the shot may be poisoned, not by pow∣ring of it in a hole made of purpose, as some would haue it, but by often dipping and quenching them in mercuriall waters and dead∣ly iuices, through y^e which their substance may be altered & spoiled, and so they doo venime and infect the wound with their euill dispo∣sition, although they stay not in the wounde, but presently passe through: of such force is the subtiltie of them, as by experience often made in beasts, hath ben often prooued, the which we meane to con∣firme with probable reasons in that booke de Antidotis, of which we spake off a little before. But yet we graunt that the shot passing so swiftly through the body, cannot so sodenly infect with his poi∣son: yet often it commeth to passe that the bullet lieth long in the wound vnknowne to the Chyrurgion: and so I thinke there is no man that doubteth, but that in such space it hath time enough to in∣fect with his venime the hurted part, for the more subtiller and spi∣rituall the poison is (as we haue declared before) so much swifter & quicker are the effects thereof, by spreading abroade his maligne vapours, through the vaines, arteries and sinewes, whereby it doth infect the spirits naturall, vitall, and animall: choaking them with a certaine disagreeance and contrarietie, ioyning themselues with them, whereby the life of man is extinguished, the which doth consist of a liuely and meete action of the saide three spirits. And these poisons, the more subtiler and finer they be, so much the more daungerous they are, the which is plainly to be seene by the biting of Vipers and other ven••mous wastes. But if any man will fro∣wardly contend (as I see some will) that the strength of the fire will take away all the poison of the bullet, I will answere them with the same argument which they themselues are wont to vse: for say they, these wounds are not any thing burnt at all, in that the shot (by reason of his hardnesse) is neuer so hot, but that it may be

handled with bare hands: and likewise I say, that then the fire can∣not haue such power that it is able to abolish the poison which is spred through the substance of the bullet, specially when the venime is so mixed with all parts of the shot, that it hath infected with his venime all the substance thereof. Neither am I mooued in that Aristotle lib. de Coelo cap. 7. writeth, that by the impulsion of the aire, the dartes or arrowes waxe so hot that the leade thereof melteth, the which by the thing it selfe and dayly experience is knowne to be false, and especially in gun bullets, which are sent out by fire, and are carried away farre more swifter then any arrowe: but if this might be graunted to Aristotle, yet the witnesse of aun∣cient writers (of whom mention before is made) doth plainly proue that the poison therby, cannot by any means be extinguished: much lesse thē can it be ouercome with a far lesser heate. Nay, I say, that not onely, that the venime cannot be taken away with so smal heate, but also I affirme, that if the bullet it self should be molten, yet very hardly thereby the poison would be purified, for so greatly & deeply is it spred & mingled w^t the whole substāce therof, that for the most part there is not one part left vnaltered. Likewise the spirite of Arsnicke, Calaminae or Tuthiae, being mingled with gray or yellow∣ish Copper, dooth not at the first melting vanish away, yet we count not those like to them which wee spake off before, such as be deadly, being only outwardly & farre from the principall parts ap∣plied, through their hid and secret qualitie, as the effectes thereof doth most plainly declace, By this we trust, it is manifestly proo∣ued that shot may be poysoned, which verie quickly will worke hys effectes, especially if it stay in the wound: as oftentimes we haue seene, that poyson being heated with a small fire and scarsly made warme, would very hardly be quenched or taken away. By which reasons it may be concluded y^t shot may be venemous, but not tho∣row the pouder (which we haue proued to be quite voyd of venom) but by dipping and seasoning the shot in poyson, which oftentimes we haue seene, wherefore it behoueth a wise and expert phisit••an, not to be selfe minded, for as this thing happeneth not dayly, yet manie times it commeth to passe, and yet not oftentimes, when a sudden battell is fought when eyther through ignorance, or want of poyson it is not practised, but it is rather wrought in defence of Cities, being besieged, or of set purpose, when anie is minded vil∣lanous••ie to murther another, to which most wicked deuise (in these

our vnhappie dayes) Princes and noble men are more in danger, then common souldiers, in this place we will ouerpasse the signes and tokens, whereby it may be knowen whether the shot be v••no∣mous or no, hauing a more fitter place therefore, in the chapter of the true and orderly curation thereof. This place requireth that we reason of the varietie which is found in such woundes, that is, of the burning, which sometimes is, and sometimes is not, and to say my minde therein, I cannot allow their opinion (moued thereunto by the authoritie of diuers learned men) which write that the cause of the burning and blasting comes through the shot, which they th••nke, by reason of his swift mouing and motion of the ayre, (through which it swiftly passeth) waxeth so hote, that it hath the strength of a cauterise which they labour to proue, by the effect fol∣lowing, that is, by the escharre, great inflamation and blacknesse, and other such accidentes, which are woont to accompanie bur∣ning. Of this I will not with manie wordes contend, insomuch that the nature of the shot being wisely waied (which is commonly of lead, and therefore can hardly abide such force of heate without melting) their error with small ado•• is conuinced, and so muche the easier, beeing alreadie confuted by manie learned reasons of Laurentius Loubertus, a most excellent phisition, and famous in our countrey, whose wise and learned iudgement (I doubt not) wil also verifie with me, that this blasting of the wound, is not through the heate of the shot, which comes farre of, out of an Iron peece, But it may be when one is wounded by shot standing hard by, asday∣ly we see doe happen, that they stand so nigh the peece, that with the wound, their garmentes & verie beard are also scorched, which happeneth onely through the burning of the powder, which firie and burning with the shot flieth out of the mouth of the gunne: which if anie man saith it cannot flee farre, I will answere hym by the contrarie that it may verie well flie so farre, that if anie man touch his bodie he may plainely feele it, before it be quite extingui∣shed: And againe if anie more captious will demaund, whether that the harnesse and apparell be not sufficient to defend the fleshe from burning by the powder, I doubt not but the harnesse hath much more force in defending thereof, then hath a doublet made of a beastes skinne or such other kinde of apparell, the which with the verie shirt oftentimes wee haue seene by shot burned, neyther then is it to be doubted, but that the aire beeing on fire, following

and driuing the pellet into the wounded person, but thereby the flesh may also be burned: But what will they say then, when the gunne is discharged euen close at the part••es bodie, and the wound happeneth in an vncloathed and naked place, doth euerie souldier weare gauntlets and helmets: yea oftentimes it happeneth the gunne to be discharged at the verie face, necke, handes and open mouth, as they which are dayly conuersant in the warres can beare me witnesse farre better then those which dispute of the matter in their closets (and according to the prouerb) without hazard of gun∣shot. Surely I denie not, but when one is wounded so nigh the Or∣dinance, but that the wound may be burned and blasted, in which case, they are greatly deceaued, which thinke that such woundes are alwaies without blasting, and doe iudge the heate to come one∣ly of the pellet, and therby do make rules so general, that they may haue many exceptions, which easily may be gathered by that which we before haue spoken, intreating of the venome and blasting hap∣pening to these woundes, Thus much haue I thought it good to declare vnto you concerning the nature & essence of wounds by shot, and of the sundrie accidentes which may happen thereunto: the which for the most part, are woont to be, solution of continui∣tie with brusing and rending of the partes, which requireth two in∣tentions curatiue, that is consolidation, and restoring of the brused and torne partes, but if it be accompanied with burning (as it may be) then must we repaire to the third intention, that is to the extin∣guishing of the fire, and drawing out of the heate, yea and last of all to the fourth, that is to some wholesome remedie named of the Greekes Alexipharmacon, as often as we shall thinke that there is some venom in the wound, hauing speciall regard to the moste dangerous discommodities, and to finde out so manie curatiue, and conseruatiue, and preseruatiue intentions, as sundrie woundes ioy∣ned with sundrie accidentes shall require.

CHAP. II. Of the differences, tokens and sundrie signes of woundes by Gunshot.

THose which more heedily consider those partes which by shot are wounded, and doe wisely weye their office, necessarie sub∣stance, situation, sence and figure, and likewise the essence or maner

of the hurt, and the proper differences thereof, may presently see and iudge, as well by reason as experience, what and howe manie intentions are necessarie to the curation therof, and so may prouide indications much able to sundrie accidentes and present griefes, and thereby to preuent things which are as yet to come, as Galen teacheth, lib. Met. 4. & 7. To which purpose it greatly auayleth a perfect knowledge of proper differences, and a consideration of the greatnesse or smalenesse, deepenesse or hollownesse of the wound: the which differences are taken (as of the cause efficient) of the ma∣nifold figures, substances, shapes, and kinde of mettall of the shot, for some of them are long, some plaine, some great, some litle, some verie slender, which causeth that the wound is of sundrie sortes▪ some strike awaie the member, other pearce through, tearing and rending the sinewy parts, and bursting the bones, or sometime by onely brusing and not pearcing the flesh, according to the sundrie ••nd vnlike kinde of shot, or to the nighnesse or farre distance there∣of, or according to the state of the bodie being hurted, that is ey∣ther naked or couered, yea sometimes so safe it is defended with so sure a corslet (and as we may say) so tēpered that it cannot be pear∣red, neyther the bodie by anie meanes be wounded: And if it bee wounded it is verie little and without danger, in that the violence of the shot is weakened by the hardnesse and strongnesse of the ar∣mour, and especiallie being the shot of no great ordinance, but of some small peece, and all these differences (without doubt) may be referred to one kinde, that is, to the solution of continuitie, which sometime is seene and somtimes is hidden, that is manifest, which is perceiued by handling and sight, and when a plaine wound ap∣peareth with wannesse of the fleshe (as it were an Escare) ioyned with great dolor, and specially when the sinewes are hurt which doth plainly shew vnto vs, beside the signes of a wound (which doth not a litle auaile to this purpose) that the same is made by gunshot. A hidden or secret wound is, without anie manifest breaking of the skinne, which the Grecians call 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 and is knowen by shed∣ding of the bloud betweene the flesh and the skinne, and doe stayne the hurted part with a violet and wannie colour. These are the common signes of such woundes, wherein a consideration is had of onely brusing and solution of continuitie, but insomuch as we haue taught in the former chapter, that such woundes may sometimes be accompanied with venom and blastin••, contrarie to the opinion of

some, it behoueth the Chirurgion to imploy all his studie and la∣bour in this case, to iudge and discerne euerie affection by the to∣kens and signes proper thereunto, because such affections (as we said before) be often ioyned to such woundes, and let him seeke out a proper remedie for ech of them, and diligently consider, which of them is most dangerous, for that (as Galen teacheth) is not onely first, but also chiefest to be cured: that insomuch, as sometimes wee are compelled by reason thereof not onely to let passe the other ac∣cidentes, but also to make new, that thereby we may remedie that which is most dangerous. And this is the very cause, why the know∣ledge of these wounds poisoned by shot are so necessarie (as in the Chapter before we haue taught) least that the sodaine death which many times comes thereby, be imputed to the corruption of the aire and other first qualities: when commonly the fault lieth in the wil∣fulnesse and vnskilfulnesse of the Phisition, perswading them∣selues that these wounds by no meanes may be venemous, & ther∣by they refuse the true kinde of healing: And some no doubt, will attribute it to the aboundance of blood, and to the euill iuice of the bodies called by y^e Greeks Cachochimia, the which two verily I doe acknowledge, & with Galen confesse, haue great force in hinde∣ring of al wounds, and the chiefest causes of euill accidences, notw^e∣standing if the signes, which signifieth venom, hath in thē any thing cōmon, with these y^t happen to gunshot, where only cōtusion is ioy∣ned yet may they easily be discerned, whether they be great or litle or waightie & fearefull accidents and extraordinarie, which often∣times come to passe. Therefore if the flesh be more wanner then it is wont to be in common wounds by shotte, and as it were deade, with an euill colour of all the whole member, with intolorable and extraordinarie aches, and also with inflamation and pricking and shooting paines, especially about the wound, with vnlustinesse and heauinesse of all the whole bodie, and many times burning feuers, with sounding and alienation of the minde: all these doo testifie that there is some venemous qualitie ioyned with the wound, & especi∣ally when there can no manifest cause be found out by y^e Phisition, whereof all these euill accidents should proceede, which sometimes I haue seene to happen in simple wounds, yea without the tearing of any sinewes. But more certainer signes of this matter may be if any tokens appeare outwardly, which may bee learned at the mouth of the patient, and by relation of his familiar friendes and

companions: considering also the manner, the place, and the per∣son being wounded. But the surest signe of all is learned by the bullet, if it may be found, for if you cut him in two parts, you shall see him darke and mixed with a purple and violet colour, vnlike to the colour of other shot being cut, which is wont to haue a yealow colour. Then maist thou surely affirme that the shot was poiso∣ned, whereby the very substance thereof was altered, as plaincly is seene by his inward colour, which is greatly altered, wanne and darke (as we said before.) Proofe thereof also may be made in the fire, which was said (not rashly) to haue great force in purging of all poison. Because such things which are strong poison in deede, doe consist of a spirituall and ayriall substance, and therefore by force of fire doe easily vanish into the aire, yet not with a smal heate such as is felt in going out of y^e shot, as Ambrosius Pareus thought, which rather in processe of time woulde fixe it and make it not vo∣latle, and so consequently vnhurtfull. But by a most strong heate of fire, such as they vse in subliming, for in that force of fire, y^e mer∣curie is eleuated and vanished away: so likewise is the Arsnicke & orpigment, and such other spirits, and for that cause they cannot be purged, except they be pressed in the cold necke of the subliming vessels: and so the suspected bullet being melted and kept in great heate a sufficient time, then a darke and stinking smoke ariseth, couering the mettall (of which smoke or fume you must heware) which after the melting is found not onely vnpurged, but also ap∣peareth blacke, wanne, and darke, which commeth through the ve∣nemous fume, spreding it selfe about the mettall, and this is an in∣fallible signe that the shott was poysoned, whereby the wound may be venomed (as I said before) and that according to the time, as it remaineth in the wound. These be the signes whereby a poysoned wound is knowne, which are the more dangerous to be iudged, the more they doe weaken the strength of the patient: Likewise, bli∣stering, bladdering, pricking paine, drinesse, contraction, and hard∣nesse of the skinne, doth manifestly shewe that the wound is also burnt with powder, the which may be learned more surely by re∣lation of the wounded person, which can commonly declare whe∣ther he ware wounded, nigh or farre off, which also may be ga∣thered by the burning of the vesture: and it behoueth the Phisition to take heede diligently of all these thinges, because they are of great waight and may bring great hurt to the wound, and hinder

greatly the curation thereof: and through aboundance of fiures and other grieuous accidents, which commonly insue, vnlesse timely with wholesome medicines they be preuented, as Galen comman∣deth in 4. Met. cap. 5. where he teacheth the maner of curing of an vlcer (ioyned or coupled with another griefe) not as the curation of a simple vlcer: but first that affection must be remoued, and then the vlcer to be cured.

Of the iudgement.

Furthermore a sounder iudgement in this case may be giuen by a heedie consideration of the saying of Galen written in his method where he teacheth that diseases may be dangerous, for three causes: first by reason of the worthinesse of the part affected, secondarily through the vehemencie and strength of the griefe, lastly by the ma∣lignitie and euill qualitie of the disease: Therefore if the spirituall parts, or if the braine, and especially the substance thereof be woun∣ded it is deadly: Likewise the lunges, the midriffe, the stomacke, the splene, and kidnie being wounded, doth cōmonly bring death, for they also by reason of their offices are reckoned among the principall partes: of no lesse ieopardie are the wounds of the guts, especially in the smaller, where there is no fleshe: also in the blad∣der, which cannot be aglutinated, because they are vnbloudie parts: and likewise woundes wherein the head or stomacke is pearced through, are counted verie dangerous, and the more greater and deeper y^e wounds be with tearing of the sinewes and brusing of the bones, so much the more dangerous they are: and especiallie those which happen in the head with fracture of Cranion, and also suche as be nigh the ioyntes, through great and vehement accidentes in∣suing hereon, but woundes ioyned with venome, although in shew they be but small, yet are they moste dangerous, because by the con∣trarie substance & excessiue qualitie thereof, not onely the naturall disposition, but also the verie substance of the bodie, is altered and changed, and especially when the wound is with breaking of the skinne, which by thicknesse thereof doth defend the flesh (which o∣therwise it woulde, so that the poyson be not subtill) that the con∣tagiousnesse thereof doth not infect the bloud, spirites and humors, and consequently the principall partes, whereby death commonly insueth. Moreouer all these woundes are to be counted the more

dangerous, in case they be accompanied with euill accidentes and great passions, and also the passion filled with euill humours: and so much the more if at that time anie common sicknesse doth raigne in the campe caused by the aire, whose qualitie although it be sim∣ple: and not subiect to putrifaction, yet oftentimes it bringeth great alteration to the qualities, being infected with noysome and stinck∣ing fumes, which oftentimes comes to passe in great hostes, and chiefly in that part which is molested with composts, and dead car∣cases of beastes and men: from whence arise the noysome & stinck∣ing fumes, whereby the souldiers are afflicted: also vnstablenesse of the weather comming with tempestes, doth greatly hurt these woundes, and oftentimes put the partie in great hazard, and chief∣ly when a drie winter goeth before with northen blastes, and a wet spring insueth with southerly windes, through which many grosse humours are ingendred, which with that vnstablenesse of weather, are stirred and corrupted: and the euilenesse of the aire ioyning therewith, bringeth forth pestilent and burning feuers, with infla∣macions, Gangrena and mortification, yea and at the last, death it selfe, as Hipoc. witnesseth in the third Aphorisme in lib. Epid. Ney∣ther may we ouerpasse the loose and vnorderly kinde of dyet vsed not onely among the common souldiers, but also with the Cap∣taines, rulers, legates and protectors. Which oftentimes are in∣forced to take such foode as comes to hand, eyther hote or cold, raw or sodde, good or bad, yea sometimes, pulse, fruites and berries: and to drinke stincking waters, new, sower and dead wines. Con∣trarie to the vsage and nature of diuers, through which they are infected. And through such vnorderly kind of dyer, hurtfull & com∣mon diseases are wo••nt to arise in the campes, verie dangerous to the wounded, and that thereby the bloud is annoyed, and the hu∣mours infected: and so the euilenesse of the wound is increased, and sundrie accidentes doe insue. And on the contrarie part, suche woundes are to be iudged lesse dangerous and more cur able, which are accompanied with fewe passions, and are farre from the spiri∣tuall and prin••ipall partes, and are without venome, tearing of the sinewes, and fracture of the bones. And whensoeuer the Phisition doth iudge the wound to be mortall, yet I would not haue the pa∣tient straite to be forsaken as a dead man, but to applie the best me∣dioines, for manie times nature holpen by Arte doth worke mira∣cles, whereby the Emperickes (to the great infamie of Phisicke)

doth oftentimes purchase great fame and glorie. For being bold on the strength of nature, they take in hand desperate cures forsaken, as dead men by the Phisitians, and get thereby to themselues great credite, and to the Phisitions no lesse shame, as by hearesay a two yeares past happened to a noble Prouinciall named Ʋnissius being in the kinges armie against Rupella••, was by shot pearced through and forsaken of the Phisitions, who iudged the substance of his liuer to be perished, and yet was cured by some of his noble friendes, with medicines of no great price, The which rare euent may be a notable e••sa••ple of the strange effecies of nature, which oftentimes deceiueth the iudgement of moste learned Phisitions: whome I would wish neuer to be destitute of singular remedies a∣gainst desperate and haynoos griefes, as Cornelius Celsus teacheth that in extreame and desperate cases, it is better to applie some re∣medie, then vtterly to giue it ouer.

CHAP. III. The order of curing the aforesaid wounds.

THe curation of such wounds, doth consist of two generall inten∣tions, and one particular, the two generall are an orderly kind of dyet, and an expulsion of humors, the other by an apt applicati∣on of inedicines. And that we may keepe an orderly and methodi∣call kinde of teaching, first of all wee will intreate of the order of dyet, which is conuenient for such wounded persons, the obseruat•• on whereof is knowne to bring great commoditie to the sicke and wounded.

And such a kinde of dyet is to be prescribed to the hurted, as is woont to be ordained in other diseases, that is, a mesurable obser∣uation of the sixe things not naturall, but a more particular consi∣deration is taken, by the season of the yeare, by the nature, strength, and disposition of the partie: and by his accustomable vse in eating and drinking, as Hipoc. doth plentifully declare in lib. de vict. ra∣tione in morbis acutis. For one kinde of diet is meete for chronicall and dayly griefes, and another for sharpe and vehement sicke∣nesses: and that also variable according to the beginning, state, and decreasing of the disease. And let no man doubt but that also the dis∣position of the Region, and nature of the season of the yeare, may alter the dyet, in that some regions are hotte and some colde, and

some seasons who•• some moist and rainy, and among all, the na∣ture and temperament of the wounded is diligently to be obserued, in so much, as the bodies being full of euill iuices, the larger their dyet is, the more hurtfull it is to them. The strength also of the partie is to be wayed, and according to that we must not onely pre∣scribe a dyet, but also thereunto apply the ministration of all our medicines. As concerning custome, there is none but hath great respect thereof, in that suddaine alterations are so much the more daungerous, as they shall digresse from the dayly custome and vse of y^e sick, as Hipoc. teacheth in lib. de vict. ration. in morbis acutis: and reason it selfe sheweth, for if any man should prescribe a gene∣rall straite order of dyet to all alike, which by shot are wounded, (without any consideration of the thing aforesaide, as commonly they doo) neglecting qu••••e their dayly dyet, when some there bee, which make three or foure meales a day, yea almost euery houre: othe••s there bee, which in their sicknesse may not (without great hinderance) forbeare wine, to whome if wee should commaunde a straite dyet, it would straight fal out as Hippoc. in the foresaid place cōcludeth: where writing of those which make three or four meales a day, if they lost but one, they are weakened: and contrariwise such as are wont to keepe a slender dyet, if they eate and drinke more then ordinarie, or out of season, are incontinent agreeued: and there∣fore according to the minde of that worthy man, we must indeuour our selues, to prescribe such a dyet to our patient, as he was most accustomed to in his health: and let it be holden, that nature is chief∣ly comforced with such thinges as he is dayly and by familiar cu∣stome vsed vnto, and are farre more holesome, better, and healthier (although it seemeth contra••ie to our intentions) then such as for the patients health are deuised strange and vnwonted, because by their sudden mutation, they contrarie nature: and indeede this is the cause why the learned Phisitions of Germany doo iudge, that the vsed and dayly dyet is to be retained, and doo permit their woun∣ded persons to drinke wine, which otherwise would thinke them∣selues vndone, in that the vse of waters is so daungerous to them. The which I haue seene vsed, not onely in France, but also (and that with better successe) in Germany, where the wine for the most part is more waterish and thinner, then in France. The which I haue not spoken: as though I would haue no other kinde of dyet prescri∣bed to the wounded, then such as they were accustomed to in their

health: neither am I so vns••ilfull, throughly to al••ow it, but that thereby I might admonish the Ch••rurgions, that they prescribe not so straite a dyet as they are wont commonly to doo, and that they should keepe a measure both in y^• qualitie & quantitie of meate and drinke, as the state of the disease shall require: for in the state of the sicknesse (for auoyding of inflamations and aches) a slender dyet is to bee kept, as is taught by Hipoc lib. de vict. rat. in morb. acut. Aphori. 10. Moreouer, the dyet is to be prescribed as the time of the yeare requireth, for the stomackes of some are whot, others cold, & so be apt to digest, and are to be considered according to the tēperamēt of the patient, for (as Galen teacheth) some things are al∣lowed to Phlegmatike, which must be retained from the sanguine & Cholerike: & as we said before, cōsideration must be had of the age, strength, and disposition: and in the very beginning of the sicknes so straite a dyet is not to be kept, but by lit••e and litle it must be de∣minished vntil the end of the state of y^e disease, but so as y^e strength of the patient may suffer it, which thing must be warely obserued, And so these things rightly considered, we must come to the admi∣nistration of the things not naturall, and so satisfie our intent.

After this it behooueth to choose a drie and temperate aire: for such is required of all wounds, because by exiccation they are con∣glutinated: but and if any man obiect, that it lieth not in our power, to bring a drie aire to the sicke, when as there is not any thing to bee founde, more moister (as Aristotle teacheth in the seconde chapter of his Meteors) in so much it exceedeth the water in moi∣sture, which in sight seemeth moister, in that it moistneth things dipped therem, which the aire cannot doo by reason of the sub∣tilnesse therof. This may easily be answered, that such aire may be chosen, and by art corrected, and so made meeter to our purpose & intent: for it is not vnknowne, but that some places and houses are whotter, dryer, moister, and colder then others be, for those which be nigher the North are colde, and such as are Sowtherly are whot, euen as the sunne is nearer or farther from them. Also the situation of the country is to be considered, for some are hilly, some marrish, others adioyning nigh to lakes, standing pooles and ri∣uers: by the varietie whereof, the qualitie of the aire is changed and altered. Who is ignorant but that the nature of the men of Asia is farre differing from those of Europe, the which Hipoc. lib. De aere Locis etaquis) doth attribute to the change & varietie of

times, which causeth the nature of countries to be more rougher and harder. and that is the cause that countrie and sea-coastes men be of an vnlike nature and disposition to those which are bredde in cities and vallies farre from the sea-coasts. What shal we say now of the situation of the cittie of Ferraria, or Florence, of the which in the first, all wounds in the head are deadly, in the other al the hurts of the legges are vncurable, for which cause Hippocrates, treating of this matter, saith that the nature of the south wind is altered, by reason of the countries, by which it is carried, which are some hotter, some colder then some: for hee writeth that first it comes from cold and Isie countries (whereof winds are ingendred, as Aristot. in the second of his Meteors sheweth, and that they are of the same nature at the first, as the Northwinds are, which are fro∣stie and colde: as those which inhabite, these countries doo feele:) And after being carried by the South, and beames of the sunne waxeth so hot, that through the heate thereof, it looseth his cold∣nesse, and burneth the herbes, and makes the inhabiters thereof to be dry, and so passing ouer the seas, and imbibbing the moisture thereof, it looseth the great drynesse it had receiued, and becomes moiste, as is seene and perceiued in all Italy, and also in that part of Fraunce, which is named Occitania. And this is the reason why wee iudge the South-winde to bee hurtfull to woundes: be∣cause that this moisture is ioyned with heate, which is the mother of putrifaction, as wee haue before prooued. The like may bee saide of the North-winde, which in sundrie regions is verie wholsome: and withstandeth putrifaction: and againe in some very unwholsome: insomuch that the pestilence or anie other disease raigning) is thereby increased. the cause whereof (as we sayd be∣fore) is to be attributed to the varietie of countries: and situation of Cities, being in low and marrish places, wherebyth e proper na∣ture of the windes may be altered: and so the bodies of men are cor∣rupted and filled with all humours. These thinges waied, and the season of the yeare considered, (which are diuers, and vnlike by rea∣sons before alleadged) and sundrie mutations, which dayly happen and alter the qualitie of the aire, as Hippocrates hath taught, libro de ••ere, locis & aquis) we must choose fit and profitable aire, where the wounded person may remayne. But insomuch that, that is hard and vnpossible to be done, because the wounded, by bitter∣nesse of the griefe can neyther ride nor goe, but commonly are com∣pelled

〈◊〉〈◊〉 to stay in the place, where they are wounded, or at the least •••• the ••itie next adioyning thereunto, yet specially that place where the campe hath long stayed, is aboue all to be shunned, be∣cause the ayre thereby is infected: and also moyst and marrish pla∣ces are to be auoyded, for thence doe noysome and thicke vapors ascend. And contrariwise such aire is to be chosen, that is farre di∣stant from moist and wet groundes, for such is pute cleare & whole∣some. And let the windows next the north be open rather then those next the South: but and if that shall seeme colde, it may be amen∣ded by heate of fire made in the chamber, and also sometime correc∣ted with odiferous thinges, as Masticke, Roses, Jumper Berries, & such like. And in the sommer you shal vse lauing of the house with Oxicrato, and strew the chamber with rushes and greene herbes and leaues of the wythie, or vine tree, and after this order may the aire be applied and corrected to the health of the patient, as the part hurted shall require. For woundes and hurtes of the head or cōmis∣sures thereof cannot suffer so cold an ayre (by reason of the nipping thereof) as woundes in other places may. And as concerning his diet, it is no doubt, but it must be ordered according to the maner of the hurt (as Hippocrates hath taught, and as the nature of the patient is able to abide, auoyding sodaine changes, for such (as we said before) are verie dangerous, let his meate be such as breedeth good iuice, and the quantitie thereof the lesse, especially vntill the state of the disease be past: in which time a more slenderer dyet must be kept then afterward: and let the bread be well leauened, and throughly baked. And let him vse the fleshe of small birdes, as thrushes or such like, eating therewith the iuice of an Oringe or Lemon or Greenesauce made of Sorrell, to get him a stomacke: Also bread-broath, which is made of bread, and a chicken first boy∣led with buglose, sorrel, lettice & such kind of hearbs: and this broath he may vse in y^e morning to mollifie his belly: & raisons of the sun, and prunes in this case be very wholsome: so are likewise Dama∣scenes, Grapes condit, Barly picked and sodden, Almond milke and Oten milke: all these are very wholsome, and chiefely in the beginning, for then the wounded commonly refuse all meates sa∣uing broathes, and such as are liquide. But after the state of the wounde hee may vse Partriges, Chickens, young Capons, and Mutten minced with his owne iuice, and the iuice of an Oringe:

and all other meates are wholsome, which are sweete, delicate, of good iuice and light of digestion. The poorer sort may eate broath made of Mutten and Veale, and of a Chicken if they be able, boiled with raisins and prunes, or such like, as their ability will extende: and let them forbeare grosse meats of euill iuice and hard of dige∣stion, and all water fowles, and beasts: and especially pigge flesh, and salt meates, and others that be sharpe: and all kinde of spices, & let them drink Prisan, & Hipoc. water, and such as are sanguine or cholericke may vse onely water filtred and boiled: let others (espe∣cially such as before were not vsed to drinke wine delaide with wa∣ter) haue thinne Claret delayd with water, and that in the begin∣ning, if so be y^• there be no feuer or inflamation: and as concerning labour or rest, let this Italian prouerbe followed, La gamba al'letto, & la man al pecto, with the aduise of Hipoc. lib. de vlcer. which saith, that rest is verie meete for all wounded persons, and labour hurtfull: and therefore the Phisitions doo very foolishly in in commanding exercise of bodie to them that haue neede of suche rest and quietnesse, that oftentimes they cannot moue themselues for paine: but in steede of exercise they may vse frication, on the whole partes and contrarie side: and then they shall doe the office of medicine hauing vertue of keeping backe, and shall turne aside the fluxes of humours comming to the affected member, and also drie vp superfluous moistures ingendred by rest, as Hipocrates hath taught lib. de Diaeta. And as for sleepe, let it be granted when nature seemeth to require it, for sleepe (in all diseases) is verie ne∣cessarie to concoction, and doth reuiue y^e strength lost and deca••ed, by bleeding, paine, and other passions, yet heede must be taken, that if the wound be inwardly, and venomous: the sleepe be not to large, least thereby plentie of humours flowe to the affected part: for the bloud with sleeping, is alwaies drawen into the bodie. Moreouer all vexations of the minde are verie hurtfull, and especially anger, which troubleth the stomacke, and causeth the humors to be more thinner and subtiller, whereby more aboundance of fluxis comes to the affected part, and manie other euill passions and accidentes. I haue willingly passed ouer repletion, and emptinesse, in that I meane to intreate of them, by themselues, and so without repeti∣tion to declare my minde.

CHAP. IIII. Of the second intention, that is of purging and euacuation of humors by bloodletting and purgation.

NOt rashly and without great cause, did Galen in his Method call to remembrance, and highly commend this noble saying of Hipp. Medicum opportere non modo naturae imitatorem esse, ve∣rum etiam eoru mque cum sua sponte eueniunt, conferunt. For it is y^• office of the Phisition to supplie the wants of nature, and to pre∣uent such hurtfull accidentes, as may happen thereunto, and that by indications taken of the waightinesse of the griefe, the which I find to be two, that is bloudletting and purgation, both of the which are very necessarie to the curing of wounds by shot: which for three causes may iustly be reckoned among most dangerous: and there∣fore it is verie necessarie to drawe bloud in the curation of these woundes, & that in the verie beginning, that so thereby the fluxe of humours in the wounded part, be stayd, and impostumation kept backe: neither must we stay for the digestion of the wound, and de∣ferre it till the beginning and state thereof be past, as Auicen thought, whose opinion is not onely against all reason, but also contrarie to the authoritie of Hipocrates, who teacheth, that if any thing is to be moued, it must be done in the verie beginning, More∣ouer this bloudletting must be done in y^e contrarie or opposit part & then especially, when it is not doubted that the shot was venomous: which if it should be, then is reuulsion forbidden, for the venome is to be drawen out by scarification of the wound it selfe, or a little be∣lowe and partes about it, taking heede that it creepe not farre (as his nature is) to the noble and principall partes, as more at large we will declare when we intreate of the curation thereof. The fit∣test time for letting of bloud is the morning, except we be forced o∣therwise eyther by ouermuch fluxe of bloud or anie other accident, and before we doe it, it shall not be amisse to minister a glister to lose the belly: and also in letting of bloud we must not onely weigh the greatnesse of the wound, but also the fulnesse of the whole body, and according thereunto limit the quantitie of bloud, eyther more or lesse: neither must wee forget to consider the age of the patient, the time of the yeare, the nature of the place, & diuers other things, which must be committed to y^e iudgement of the skilfull Phisition, which may wisely weigh y^t which is written by Galen lib. De mis∣sione

sanguinis. Purgations are no lesse necessarie in the curing of these woundes then is bloudletting, for two causes, the one the greatnesse of the griefe, the other the aboundance of ill iuice: which may be gathered by these words of Galen, writtē lib. 4. Meth me∣dendi. Purgatio non in sola cacochymia conuenienter suscipitur, sed (sicut missio sanguinis) vel propter ipsius abundantiam, vel propter morbi magnitudinem: ita purgatio, & propter abundan∣tiam alteruis cuiusdam succi, & propter vim morbi adhibetur. Neyther are they blamelesse, which contemne this way of curing, as though it were little o•• nothing pertaining to cure woundes by shot, when as both reason and experience shew the contrarie to those, which (following Hipocrates and Galen as captaines) haue set downe a methodicall and orderly curation of such woundes: for purgation (saith Hipocrates) is profitable for diuers vlcers, Prete∣rea vulner ibus capitis, item ventris, tum inferioris, tum superi∣oris. atque etiam articulorum, And he addeth also,

quae exedun∣tur, & quae serpunt, quae diuturna sunt: etiam quaecunque obligan∣d•• sunt, per aluum purganda esse.

The which remedie must by and by, and at the verie beginning be vsed, yea immediatly after the letting of bloud, partly that we may auoyd the humors following to the afflicted part, by the contrarie way which the Grecians call 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉: as if the wound be in the ouer part, we must purge by the lower part, and if in the lower part, wee must purge by vomite) and partly, that thereby wee drawe away the humors im∣impacted and sticking to the wounded part and sides thereof, by de∣riuation, as both Hipocrates and Galen hath taught, But if anie will alleadge, by the authoritie of ancient Phisitions, that purga∣tion is not necessarie to healthfull bodies, and suche as abound not with excrementes, as commonly the bodies of souldiers be, (other∣wise they were not able to sustayne such great labour, and that they verie greeuously abide purgations, and therewith are brought in∣to swoundinges, and whirlinges of the braines (the which discom∣modities are to be kept o••f from nature) for when the purgation findeth not his proper hu••or to worke vpon, it setteth vppon the bloud and flesh, and so expelleth that which is necessarie and good: yet for all this, except such be purged, they commonly fall in great hazard, and worse passions, as feuers, m••••mamations, great aches, rau••nges, and such like, which commonly follow these wounds: and therefore the euacuation of good humours is necessarie, that wee

may preuent that which is to come: and by this meanes wee shall not onely bring the wounded part in good temperature, but also the whole body in better state. Now then, insomuch as purgations are necessarie in these great and dangerous woundes, it behoueth it to be done with great diligence & heede taking: first we must con∣sider the state, custome, and age of the patient, also the nature of the time and qualitie of the countrey: and so in other cases we must searche out the humour moste abounding, and the place affected, whereby we may learne, what humour is to be purged, and how and what way most easily it will be expelled, & then aboue all let vs choose such purgations, as most easily & safely may be ministred, for I can scarse allowe the vse of y^• violent ones which were in vse in Galens and Hipocrates time, because in operation they are verie hote, and thereby doe easily breede feuers, and disturbe the bloud, and so bring the wound to inflamation & impostumation, of which sortes are Coloquintida and Elleborus, especially vnprepared, But we may safely vse Cassia, Manna, Rubarbe, Sene, Polipodie, & Agaricke, but chiefly their extracts, the which more safer, & with as much profite may be vsed in these greene woundes, as the other may in dayly and vehement vlcers: and because the bellies of some by taking a medicine are not loosed by reason of the varietie of na∣tures (for some are hardily purged, with others a small purgation worketh, and there be, which by onely smelling thereunto, are greatly purged) we must therefore take heede that wee giue not a strong purgation to our patient, except first we haue had proofe of his nature, But and if the ordure be hard and baked in the guttes, and so the purgation be hindered, it were necessarie first to loose it, with some gentle medicine giuen by the mouth, as a bole mad of an ℥. of Cassia••extract with Suger and Aniseede, or else made so∣luble by ministring some gentle glister: of which sorte is this fol∣lowing.

Take of mallowes, violets, herb Mercurie, betes, of each a hand∣ful: of the greater colde seedes and of Anise an ℥. i. of Barly, flow∣ers of Chamomill, of Borage, and Nenuphare or water Lily Ana. p. i. Let a decoction be made, and to one pinte thereof, adde of Cassia extract with the leaues of Sene, and dia Prun, simp. or trifera persica ana ʒ. vi. honie and oyle of Violets Ana ℥. ii. misce pro ene∣mate. The day following, let him take some medicine, as shal be most meetest, as his body doth abound either with flcame or choll••r

and anie other humour: for more easier doth it worke, and better is the purgation when the right humour is purged.

Take the roote of Irios, Eupatory, Pimpinel and Acorus, ana. ʒ iii. the roote of Mechoacan, Oke Ferne new, the pith of Carta∣my seedes, ana. ℥ ss. Aniseede, Raisins and Licorise, ana ʒ ii. Ve∣ronica, Betony, and Scabios ana. m. i▪ of the Cord••all flowers, of ech p. i. the leaues of Sene ʒ. ii. let them be boyled and strained, and infuse thereunto of the troches, of Agaricke ʒ ii. and after the ex∣pression, put thereto ℥i. of sirupe of Roses solutiue, and for those that be strong, adde to it ʒi. ss. or ʒii. of Diaphenicon: and for the cho∣lericke vse this following.

Take succorie, endiue, sorrell, lettice, purslane, fluelin, ana m. i. raisines ʒii. Iuiubarum, sweete prunes, ana paria iiii. the seedes of melons, dodder, citrons, purslane, and anise, ana ʒi. ss. of the cordiall flowers, of ech one little handful, yeallow sanders ʒ. ss. let a decocti∣on be made, and to a dose thereof, adde ʒiii. of chosen rubarbe, and and ʒii. of Citren Myrabolans, with ℈ i. of synamom, and to that being expressed, add of the sirupe of Cicorie, with rubarbe and si∣rupe of roses solutiue, of ech one ounce, and thereof make a potion: and for the stronger sort add to ʒii. of the Elec of the iuice of roses of M••sues, or els ʒii. of the Elect. de citro sol. ʒii. But if the com∣plexion of the patient bee melancholy, and that humor aboundeth, this potion following is profitable.

Take Radicum eupatorii Mesues, siue gratiolae, and turmentil, of ech ℥ ss. Polipodie, Asarabacca, Tamarindes, ana ʒ iii. aniseed & raisōs, ana ʒii. fluellin, scabious, burrage, buglos, fumitere, ceterach, politrici ana m. ss. sinamon ʒ ss. Epithimy, flowers of violets, and of broome, ana, p. i. and let them all be boyled, and in the expressi∣on thereof, macerate halfe an ounce of Sene: that being strained, dissolue therin of the sirupe of Peaches, and of fumiterre compound ana ʒ vi. and make thereof a potion, and if the strength of the pati∣ent be sufficient, you may adde there to ʒ ii. of Confectio hamech, or the like quantitie of dia polipodi.

In so much as oftentimes, not one but all humors abounde mixed, and spred throughout all the body, & that happeneth often∣tunes, in that case, minister this potion following, especially if there be any suspicion of venime.

Take the rootes of Turmentill, of Angelica, of Gentlan, of ech ʒ iii. of Acorus, of Pimpinell, of ech ʒ ii. of Polipody of the Oke, of

the pith of Cartamis••edes, of ech ℥ ss. of Endiue, of Succorie, of A∣grimony, Cetrach, Hops▪ Fumiterre, of ech half a handful, of Lico∣rise and Raisons, of ech ʒ i. ss. Of Damasin Primes, par••a iiii. of the seeds of Endiue, of Sorell, of Citri and of Purslaine, of ech one dram: of Aniseed one dram & a halfe: of y^e Cordiall flowers, & of the flowers of broome and Tameriske one little handfull, of Sene leaues ʒ iii. b••ile them for a dose, and infuse in the decoction thereof being strained, of Ruba••be ii. ʒ. and ℈iiii. of Agaricke, with one scruple of Spicknard & another of Ginger, and in the expressi∣on thereof dissolue one ounce of the syrope of Roses solutiue, and make thereof a potion, and let it be ministred, yea twise, and it bee neede.

Many other sorts of Purgations may be made, which are to be referred to the iudgement of the learned Phisition, as also the rei∣teration of them (yea in the state of the sicknesse) if strength do serue and occasion require: but if the patient abhorreth this kinde of me∣dicines, then let him vse the extractions of simple purgers, as of ru∣barb, agarike, or sene: of the which by orderly cōposition, al humors may be purged, as we haue taught lib. de med▪ vegetab. spag. pre∣par. where also you shal finde the right and orderly preparation and dose of them.

CHAP. V. Of the third generall intention curatiue, which is done by Chyrurgerie: and first of the manner of the first dressing.

VVE said in the beginning, that in wounds by shot, two In∣dications curatiue were to be considered, that is suppu∣ration, and generation of new flesh, (which are sufficient, if we one∣ly regard the contusion and brusing thereof, and not the venemous qualitie and burning, which may be ioyned therew••th) the which two intentions, that we may orderly do, and so obtaine our preten∣did purpose, there are eleuen indications to be considered of vs, which they call Subalterne, of the which one of them commandeth the shot to bee taken out, or small peeces of the coate of maile, or points of weapons sticking fast, and also peeces of their apparell, scales of bones, sharpe and pricking, clots, or any such other thing which may happen in the wounde, which must be taken out, (if it

may be) without paine: and if any thing bee deepe in, it must bee wrought with your fingers or pincers, or toothed tenacles, made after the fashion of a Crowes bill, as you may see them pictured in sundery sorts, in the booke of Ambrosius Pareus, a most skilfull Chyrurgion. And the shot must be taken out the same way it went in: placing the wounded person (as Hippocrates commandeth) in the same sort as he was in when he receiued the wounde, or at the least so placed and laide in his bedde, that so nigh as may be, he re∣semble the same. And the shot is commonly taken out by that way, as vy force it was driuen in: because it hath made and prepared it selfe a way to come forth thereby: the which passage (if neede re∣quire) must be inlarged with a lancet or incision knife, that the bul∣let may follow the easier, and the lesse inflamation arise, if so be it be found by a searcer sticking in the flesh, and hath not pearced any great vaine, or sinewy place. In which case we must vse a new in∣cision, with more profite, if the flesh in the contrary part be verie thinne, and by feeling the shot is perceiued, and no manifest let, but incision may be made in the contrary side. And of this the Chyrur∣gion ought alwayes to haue a speciall care (as saith Celsus, writing of drawing out things infixed in wounds) least that a sinew, great vaine, or artery bee hurted thereby: which if it be like to insue, or the shot be so hidde that it cannot be founde, it is better to let it stay till such time as nature it selfe shall expell it. For what shall it pre∣uaile, when the wound is great of it selfe, to make a newe, and in vaine to molest the patient with double paines: in so much as in di∣uers the shot hath beene so secret, that many yeares after y^e wound hath bene healed, it hath fallen out of his owne accord, with a small impostume.

Moreouer this thing may be done by applying of drawing me∣dicines, whose vse is dayly, especially if it be suspected the shot to be venemous, for in such case it must be had out with speede: wherefore (least the venime stricke vpward, and draw to the principall parts) we must presently vse the strongest drawers, as in other cases those not so forceable, of the which we shall haue occasion to speake, when we intreate of venemous woundes. This first intention being done, that is, all things (as much as in vs lieth) taken out of the wound, next we will speake of such medicines as first are to be ap∣plied to the same: in which case we finde the iudgement of the Phi∣sitions and Chyrurgions much to varie, some woulde haue a bur∣ning

whot iron, or causticke, or any other eating medicine to be applied to euery wounde indifferently: others the oyle Oliue, or oyle of Elders to be powred on exceeding whot: some commende Treacle, others Turpentine, and some woulde haue the oile of whelpes, to be applied verie warme: but the common sort vse to take their matches, stupes, or tow, and dippe it in vineger, the white of an egge, and some astringent medicine, and therewith fill the whole wound: and binde and roole therein the parts about it: and that dressing they will not to bee remooued for the space of a whole day, as they say, for feare of bleeding. But how euill this cō∣mon vse is, the skilfull may iudge: for these emplasticall medicines are of a thick and earthy substance, and astringent power, which suddainly are dried vp, and do pre••se the sore member too much, and cause great pa••ne, whereby comes great fluxes of humors, and in∣flamations, and other grieuous accidents, because they doo shut vp the pores and passages of the skinne, and do thickē and ingrosse the humors: euen as Lard, Rosine, Pitch, Waxe, Butter, and the substance of all things meltable, doth congeale with colde, and in feeling is harder: euen so are the humors thickened, and become hard to be discussed by the sinister application of these colde medi∣cines: for the pores of the skinne being shut vp, the spirits by & by are choked, by the staying of exhalation of euill humors, where∣of many times comes Gangrena and mortification of the whole member. But if meere necessitie, and want of other medicines, doth inforce the Chyrurgion to vse these common remedies to stop the great fluxe of blood (which in these wounds is seldome seene) yet (if they may) let them bee picked out or chaunged, or els often made moist with Oxirhodino warmed: neither is it to be forgotten that many now adayes, do vse to the cure of such wounds (not only at the first dressing, but vntill they be fully healed) onely running wa∣ter warmed, and some put therevnto vinegar and oyle, and dippe therein their matches and towe, which so well falleth out, that di∣uers thinke that it is done by magicall incantations: the which thing by daily experience is prooued: neither is it against reason: for Celsus writeth that simple cold water is profitable for woundes: and in another place he saith, it is good how euer it be applied: yea warmed, for it easeth paine, expelleth inflamations, and putteth backe fluxes, the which accidents (by the consent of all men) in the very beginning are to be resisted. Furthermore by the aduice of

Hippoc. all contused wounds are to be cured by present supuration the which is done (as experience and all auncient writers haue taught) by fomentation of warme water. If so bee then, water doth repel and driue backe the violētnes of such grieuous and great accidents which commonly come to wounds, why should then any man mauell, if the nature (wherein is contained the efficient cause and naturall balme which doth eonglutmate both broken bones, and wounded flesh) doth so incarnate wounds, and socicatrise them, (so be it that art giue attendance to nature, and dooth minister and serue thereunto, in taking heede that the wounde bee not h••ndered by outwarde causes, and that the curatiue vertue of the Balme bee not let, but may doo his office) and in clensing the wound throughly from fi••th and all other thinges which may hinder the consolidation thereof. And also I must greatly commend their indeuour, which will, oyle and vinegar to be added thereunto, for with that remedie was that Ʋinsius cured, of whome we spake before, being wounded greeuously at the siege of Rochell: and not onely he, but diuers others: for these thinges being mixed, doe re∣sist all kinde of accidentes, as paine, inflamation, fluxes, and also pu∣trifaction: which last especially is to be preuented (because these kindes of woundes are verie much subiect thereunto) least Gangre∣na and Sphacelus follow after. And it is manifest y^t vineger with∣standeth corruption, in that it preserueth thinges co••••it therein, from venoming and moulding: likewise oyle being powred vppon wine or anie other liquor, preserueth them from sowring, or dying, in that it keepeth away the ayre, and excludeth all fumes, which may cause putrifaction. And so much the more I allow the vse thereof, in that whether it be inwardly ministred or outwardly applyed, it suppresseth the power of venome, which may sometimes be ioyned with these woundes, as we haue taught, and that is the cause that I allowe the iudgement of those which cause hote oyle presently to be applied, for it is verie wholesome, partly because, by relaxation it dissolueth the inward venome of euill humours, and partly in that it defendeth the hollownesse of the wound from the violence of the aire: which thing aboue the rest is to be heeded. That the wound be not long open, but so soone as may be, it be couered, and that the aire is altogether subiect to putrifaction, it is manifest to those, whiche set anie kinde of pippins, and stoppe the same verie close with lut um sapientiae, as they tearme it, that no aire breake in,

and bury it in a p••t & so these fruits being kept from the aire can∣not rot or putrifie, but are taken out againe as freshe and sound as they were when they were put in, the which things I haue spoken by the way to proue, that manie were cured by medicines and not by enchantmentes. as the common people iudge, although that some vse them not with reason, it is agreeable to reason: yet I would not haue anie man thinke that I haue written this to defend the qua••re•••• of the E••pericks which sticke not to crie cunning on the verie bodie and life of man, and as the prouerbe saith, by brea∣king of a pot, to proue the potters craft, but I iudge rather such to be rooted out, for through their ignorance & rashnesse it comes to passe, y^t Phisick (which otherwise is highly to be praysed) is condē∣ned & despised. But that we digresse not far frō our purpose, to my iudgment it seemeth profitable, to poure into such w••unds made by shot, by & by, the compound oyle of the Misselto of the Apple tree, or the oyle of the flowers of Mulleyn or of Hypericon, or of eggs, the making of which you shall finde in our Antidotare of gunshot, and such the Chyrurgion ought to haue in a readinesse: For they greatly preuaile, to mollifie and asswage paine, and are verie profi∣table to cure su••h kindes of woundes, But when these are not at hand, you may vse the oyle of Elders (which is highly commended of Ioubertus an expert Phisition) or y^• oyle of Lynseed, or of Eggs, or of wormes, or Lyles, or Cham••mill, or of Turpentine, and in case anie man be destitue of all those, let him take warme butter or Turpentine, and annoynt the clothes or lynt with the oyntment following.

Vnguentum Magistrale.

Take of Goates suet, of Colophonie of ech ℥. iii. of the marrow of the legges of Oxen and oesepi humidi of eche ℥. ii. ss. of freshe but∣ter ℥. ii. of the iuice of Selondme and centuary, of ech ℥. i. of the oyle of Ware and of Misselto, of eche as much as suffiseth to make an oyntment, take of this oyntment ℥. iii. of Mercurie Precipitat sweetned, and prepared after our maner, and of Crocus Veneris right prepared, of ech ʒ. iii. and mixe them together, and annoynt therewith the Plegettes and Tents, if the vse of them be necessa∣rie. The powders ought to be prepared in a redinesse, the which the richer sorte may carie about them in a boxe, and if the foresayd

oyntment be not at hand, you may verie well mixe them with freshe butter, and make thereof a broad plaister, that may couer the sides also of the wound, and the lint is to be wet with simple Oxirho∣dino, made with vineger, and the oyle of Roses and of Miselto, and the partes farre of, must bee defended with this oyntment fol∣lowing.

Take Bole Armoniack, sanguis Draconis, red corrall and ℥ ss. croci martis ʒ ii. baccharum myrthi ʒ i. ss. oyle of Roses Ompha∣cine ℥. iiii. vineger of Roses ℥. ii. waxe ℥. i. ss. so make thereof a lyna∣ment.

In the meane while this one thing is chiefly to be obserued in rowling of suche woundes, that the rowle be not so lose, that the medicines sagg from the wound, neyther it bee so hard, that it be grieuous, and so draw fluxes of humours, and sometime impostu∣mation and at the last Gangrena and Canker, as Celsus (sometime) hath seene happen, we therefore must giue our indeuors, that in a∣uoyding the discommodities of the one, we may reape the commo∣dities of the other, and in the meane space let the linnen cloth be oft made moyst with Oxyrhodino, and the dressing renewed after xii. houres, except through the cutting of some great vaine or arterie we feare bleeding a fresh, The which if it chance to happen aboue measure, it must presently be seene to and staied, which may well be brought to passe by the applying and taking of these medicines following, but yet I would not haue it staied, vntill such time as a reasonable quantitie of bloud is issued.

An oyntment to stay bloud.

Take Crocus Martis finely reuerberated, Crocus Veneris, of eche ℥. ii. let them be tempered with the oyle of Ʋisci pomorum, and make thereof an oyntment, it is to be wondered at, to see y^e strength of this medicine in stopping bloud, and doth moreouer reduce the wound to a better state, digest the superfluous humors, strength∣neth the member and greatly withstandeth putrifaction.

Another.

Take Crocus Martis ℥. i. the lyme o•• Eggeshels, and Colcho∣tar of ech ℥ ss. the ashes of Frogs burnt ʒ. ii. mixe them with the oyle of visci pomorum.

Another easily to be made▪ and of no lesse vertue.

Eake Colchotar prepared with vineger ℥. ii. the ashes of snayles ℥. ss. fresh butter ℥. iiii. make thereof an oyntment, or mixe them with the white of an egge.

Moreouer in great fluxe of bloud it were good to vse this, or the like drinke following:

For the wealthier.

Take Crocus Martis, and the essence of corrall of ech ℈. i. and make thereof a potion with the water of spermatis ranarum, or of Roses.

For common souldiers approued.

Take Crocus Martis prepared after our maner, ℈. i. the lyme of Egshels ʒ. i. the sirope of drie Roses, and of mirtils of ech ℥. i. and with the water of the flowers of red popie make thereof a potion, and minister it three houres before meate, the which may be barly broth boyled with Rosewater and popie seede, if it ••e toward bed.

Aboue all there cannot be found a worthier remedie, both to stop bloud, and case all paines, and suppresse fluxes of humours, then Laudanum Opiaticum▪ if you minister a pill thereof as bigge as a Pepper come, the vse wherof: (especially in these kind of wounds) cannot to highly be commended, that I haue more plenteously in∣treated of in my answer to y^• treatise of Aubertus vindonis do ortu & causis Metal. After these thinges being first done, then apply medicins, which quickly may suppurate, and being come to matura∣tion, let it be mundified, with exiccation, that naturall fleshe may growe, that is, it be neither ouer hard, or soft, or proud, and the scales of the bones, if there be anie, may come out from the sound bone. Moreouer we hasten the suppuration of these wounds, least the venome closed within▪ and filthy saines, doe some greater hurt for being throughly ripened, feuers, paines and almost al other pas∣sions will decay. For this intention, the common sorte are woont to vse, at the second dressing, digestiues as they tearme them, made of the yeolke of an egge, oyle of Roses and Turpentine, which (as I may say the trueth) I cannot allow in that they soone putrifie and cause the wound to smell, whiche thing is alwaies ill, Others vse hydreleon warmed with butter, and other thinges which haue na∣ture to suppurate, and some boyle the flower of wheate with a litle

safron: some againe there be which greatly commend Tetra∣pharmacon made of pitche, rosin, waxe, and suit: and Cor. Celsus esteemeth this aboue all others, Also Macedonioum is made with the forenamed simples and frankencense, and much commended of some, Other greatly allowe Basilicon, for it is a great suppura∣tiue, and also readie at the Pothicaries, and some commend Dial∣thea, which they call Resumtiuum. Others Emplas. dia Chilo, simplex, and de mucilaginibus, which they temper with oyle of ly∣lies. And with all these and other like medicines, they out of hand, doe suppur at the bruised flesh, following the preceptes of H••ppoc. For he writeth, that it is expedient that the brused flesh, be supura∣ted, and by such meanes is the wound lesse subiect to impostuma∣tion and anguish, and this is the iudgement of Hippoerates, and all other antient Phisitions, and I my selfe cannot, but highly com∣mend the vse of the supuratiues, for they doe defend the nature and strength of naturall heate, and do temperate the rage of rotten hu∣mours, and verie quickly doe bring the corrupted bloud to matter, and thereby doe bring the wound in a farre better estate, But yet this one thing must be taken heede to, that the vnorderly vse of them cause not the wound to rot, which is remedied by putting to euerie ounce of the suppuratiue, one dram of precipitate prepared after our order, yea and more to, if the wound shall smell, and so shall the medicine pearce farther, and worke his effe••t without dan∣ger, and by this onely meanes, you shall haue white matter, and the affected member shalbe saf•• from Ga••grena and putrifaction, whereunto (in the••e kinde of woundes) they are much subiect, and this haue I oftentimes proued, by sure experience. Neyther haue I thought it amisse (in the behalfe of the vnpractised chyrurgions) to set downe some ensamples for this intention, I would therefore that the tents, Plegetes, and whatsoeuer is put in the hollownesse of the wound, be dipped in this oyntment following, which is easie to be made.

Take vnguents Basilici maioris discrip. Mesnae ℥ ii. fresh but∣ter ℥ i. Precipitate prepared after our manner ℥ii. ss mingle them and annoint therewith the tents and plegets.

Another.

Take new Waxe, Rosme, ship Pitch, of ech ℥ iiii. Goates sue••, & marrow of calues leggs, of ech ℥ ii. aesypi humidae ℥ i. oile of Oliue

or of Linseed, or of Ʋisci pomorum one pound, melt them & straine them, and make thereof an ointment.

An addition.

Take of that ointment ℥ ii. of our Precipitate ʒ ii. mixe them, and so shalt thou haue a most excellent remedie, which being vsed in emplasters without Precipitate, is to bee annointed and put into the wound. Or else thus.

Take venice turpentine and white hony, of ech halfe a pounde, the yelkes of twelue eggs, and mixe them very well, and boile them to the thicknesse of a pultise. This ointment (which the Paracelsi∣ans call Galcinatum magnum) you may safely vse in sreede of a di∣gestiue: for being so prepared, it resisteth putrifaction, and is very good to bring such wounds to suppuration.

But in so much as it is the office of naturall heate to maturate, and not of medicines, we must therefore by all meanes possible, in∣crease such heate as is likest thereunto, which is to be increased and nourished by wraping the member in bombase, lana succida, and linnen clothes, or else with some Cataplasme, by all which meanes (as Celsus writeth) daungerous wounds are cured: and such things must be dipped in Hydraelion made of oyle of Ros••s and Rose-wa∣ter, wherunto you may put a little vineger, but not too much in that it hindereth suppuration, or else vse this fomentation following, which I my selfe do often vse.

A fomentation to mollifie and ease paine.

Take of the leaues of Visci pomorū smal shred, with the berries m. iii. the rootes and leaues of Holihock, Mallowes, Violet leaues ana, m ii. of Fenigreke & Linseed ana. ℥ ii. the flowers of Camo∣mell and melli••ote ana. p ii. seeth them in milke.

This medicine neuer failed me, for it driueth away inflamation, greatly easeth paine, and strenthning the substance of the member, it very quickly moueth good matter: and of the foresaide substance pounded, and driuen through a seeue, is made a cataplasme by put∣ting thereunto the meale of Lineseed & Fenugreke ana ℥ ii. Oesep•• humidae, and marrow of cal••••es ••eete ana ℥ i. ss. the yelkes of foure eggs, of saffrō sixe graines, oile of Viscipomorum and rosarum as

much as sufficeth: let it be applied to the wound and parts nigh vn∣to it, but round about it somewhat farther off: let this ointment following be vsed to withstand the flux of humors.

An excellent defensiue.

Take the powder of red Roses and of Myrtils, of ech ʒ i. bole Armeny terrasigillata, of ech ʒ vi. the iuice of Plantine and Dwa•• of ech ℥ i. vinegar of Roses ℥ ii. oile of Roses, Omphacine, and of Myrtils ana ℥ ii. ss. Waxe ℥ ii. make thereof a defensatiue.

And such medicines so long you must vse (as we saide before) dressing it twise a day, vntill the wound come to good matter, and then must you vse clensing medicines, wherwith you may always mix our Precipitate in greater dose, which brauely clenseth woūds from matter, and also resisteth corruption.

An excellent mundificatiue easie to be made for common souldiers.

Take vng. Aurei ℥ ii. Turpentine and hony of Roses, of ech ℥ ss beane meale ʒ ii. Borax ʒ i. our Precipitate ʒ iii. mixe them.

Another prooued for the rich.

Take of the iuice of Persicarie, and Cumphory ana ℥ ii. stilled oiles of Turpentine, of Francomsence, of Mirrh, of Sarcacoll, of ech ʒ iii. the roote of round Astrology ʒ i. ss. white waxe ℥ i. oile of hy∣pericon q. ss.

An addition.

To one ounce of that, put a dramme of our Precipitate, and an∣noint therewith the tentes or pledgets: Also the onely vnguent de paeto is very good, whose descripsion you shall finde in our Antido∣tarie.

Also the vse of the cataplasme aboue taught, is then also allowed so be it you adde to it the meale of Orobus, of Barly, Bean••s, and L••ntils: and this Cerot following is very good.

Take massae emp. Diachalciteos ℥ vi. olei visci pomorum q. ss. and make thereof a cero••c, and apply it to the wound.

But insomuch as for the most part, such wounds are so deepe, that neither ointmen•••• nor tents can reach them, it were very good

to vse this iniection following, which serueth for common soul∣diers.

For the common souldiers.

Take Peruincle, Petum, Persicarie, Betonie, of ech one hand∣full, flowers of saint Iohns wort, and Ʋerbasci ana. p i. the roots of both Astrologies, of ech ℥. ss. Francomsence, Mirrhe, Sarcacoll and Ireos, of ech ʒ ii. boile them in white wine, and wash the wound therewith at euery dressing, but beware you leaue not ought there∣of in the wound, for it sufficeth if the wound be washed therewith.

For the richer sort.

Take Fluelline, Peruincle, winter-greene, Betony, Agrimony, and y^• greater Cumphery, of ech m. i. the rootes of round Astrology and Ireos, of ech ℥ i. boile them in the fleme of Vitriole.

An addition.

Take of this decoction strained halfe a pint, and dissolue therein the chymicall Oiles of Myrrh and masticke ana ʒ iii. Oile of Tur∣pentine one dram, mixe them and vse them as aforesaid.

The wounde being throughly clensed, it must be incarnated, which is soone done by making lesse and lesse the tentes dayly, for by that meanes onely is the wounde filled with flesh without any medicine, by the strength of nature••, and then after is easily cica∣trised, so be it we augment the quantitie of our Precipitate in the ointments, or else vse the medicine following.

A cicatrising powder.

Take lyme of eggshels well ralcyned ℥ ss. Boraxe, and burnt A∣lome, of ech ʒ i. crocus Martis ℥ i. make thereof a powder, which is excellent to cicatrise.

Moreouer, if the wound cannot be brought to suppuration by the foresaid medicines, but beginneth to growe to Gangrena and mor∣tification of the member, which may be seene by the wanne, yelow, leady, and blacke collour of the same: then you must applie such me∣dicines as haue vertue to withstand such corruption and mortifica∣tion, whose discriptions you shall find in the Chap. of Gangrena, and also we must withstand all euill accidentes if any come: as pain, impostumation, and such like, as hereafter shal•• be declared. Nowe it resteth to intreat of such wounds by shot, as are accompanied with venome and burning.

CHAP. VI. Of vvoundes by Gunshot, accompanied with ve∣nome and burning.

HAuing set downe the curation of those woundes, in which the solution of cōtinuity w^t brusing, and tearing of the parts, was onely to be waide. It remaineth nowe to intreate of venome and burning, which two, we haue prooued to happen oftentimes to such wounds. For venome therefore which must haue recourse to a third intention, that is to some holesome medicine (named of the greekes Alexipharmacon) whereby, out of hande it may bee drawne out of the wound, and the strength thereof delayed, least by little and little creeping in, it commeth to tbe principall parts, and so altereth their substance and hindereth their operation: and this is to be done with medicines, partly apylied outwardly to y^e wound and heart, and partly inwardly by the mouth ministred. For if the flesh about the wound be more wanner then it is wont to be in com∣mon wounds, and as it were deade, with palenesse of the whole member, with pricking of the sides, and extraordinarie inflamati∣ons and paine, with debilitie of the whole bodie, alienation of the mind, and burning feuers. And these accidents come without any manifest cause, it plainely declareth the wound to be venomed: and then (all other intentions said aside▪) presently wee must prouide to withstand that, for euen as the skilful shipmaister seeing a terrible tempest arising, with blustering windes, doth presently euen a∣gainst both streame and winde (considering his safegard) with sayle and oare, seeke to finde some safe porte and place to stay in: Euen so the Phisitian harnised with reason, vse, and experience, ought out of hand to applie some healthull medicine to this present incommoditie, to boate downe presently (if it may be) the malice thereof, and that before it taketh roote and hold in the wound, and doth possesse the principall partes and heart, to which place it ma∣keth great speede, and in this case present incision often fayleth, and that which is done too late neuer helpeth. Therfore if we iudge by the foresaid signes and such like that the wound is poysoned, we must straight haue recourse to some present remedie, but first a sound iudgement taken, with perfect prognostication (as Celsus willeth) giuen to the friendes of the patient, whether he be eyther

past helpe, or in great danger, or like to recouer, least that arte be∣ing ouercome with the euill, it be attributed to our ignorance and deceite, to the great discredite of the arte, after this, a conuenient order of dyet prescribed, which resisteth venome, wee must straight haue respect whether the griefe doth require eyther bloudletting or purgation, which are to be done speedily: with good aduisement, whether the euacuation must bee done first and foremost, or else with sweate, vomite, laske, and phlebotomy, that the euill humors may be purged▪ before they be spred in the vaynes, and taken holde in the arteries, or els the pores (by sweate) being opened, these euill and noysome vapors, wherewith the heart is oppressed, may come forth and vanish, which is to be done, especially if the poyson first be spred through the body, and the patient filled with ill hu∣mors, and then also Paulus counselleth, that euacuation be made by phlebotomye as is to be seene in his 5. booke, chap. 2. After this mi∣nister such thinges as defend and comfort the heart, as Treacle and Methridate, in wine, or decoction of the roots of Angelica, Tur∣mentill, Gentian, Bistort, Citron seedes, Sorrell, hear be baulme, fluelline and pympinell, with the sirope of lemons, or any other in∣fusion: and that, as the nature of the partie requireth, and shal seeme good to the expert Phisition, and in that case it behoueh him to be wise and warie, and not misse. Moreouer I haue thought it good to set downe a receite easie to be made, for their sakes, which are to come, which being ministred, expelleth all venome, as by dayly proofe it hath bene tried: and take it for a singuler secret, although it be familiar.

A most excellent medicine agaynst poyson, and by oft ttiall proued.

Take the rotes asclepiadis ℥ i. the rotes of Ualerian and Tur∣mentill of eche ℥ ss. polipodie rotes ℥ ii. garden Augelica ℥ iiii. wild Angelica and holihock roots ana ℥ ii. nettels ℥ i. rotes of Thimelea ℥ i▪ ss. roots of scabious and lesser valerian ana ℥ ss. let all the roots be gathered betweene the 15. of August, and the 8. of September, and smale shred, and put in a pot with a sufficient store of vineger and then fast luted, and so let them infuse for 12. houres. after seeth them for the space of an houre and a halfe, and powring out the vineger, let them be dried and made in a powder, and put there∣to twelue berries of herbe Paris, and sixe and thirtie leaues of

the same and make of them a powder, whose dost is ʒ i. in white wine.

Another, alwaies readie to be made.

Take Methridate and treacle of each ʒ ss, pearles prepared, and red corall and ℈ i. bole armenye ʒ ss. sirope of lemons ℥ i. buglosse and Scabions water as much as suffiseth, and make thereof a po∣tion, and let it be renewed once or twise if neede require.

Another for riche men.

Take aurum vitae & essence of pearles ana gr. vi. essence of corrall gra. viii. terrae sigillatae electae ℈ i. and let a potion be made w^t ℥ ii. of our thertacle water, & ministred out of hand, for this wonderfully defendeth the heart from all poyson and venoine. It is verie good also to vse tomentations to the region of the heart made of pearles, saunders, corrall, camphere, and other cordials.

But Galen in his xiii. booke Meth. Med. iudgeth two intenti∣ons curatiue to be required in those venomous woundes, the one to draw forth the poyson, the other to alter the paine comming there∣of, The first intention is performed, with thinges heating and drawing, as boxing, frications, cauterizatiōs made with hot iron or medicines: The other is done by such medicines, which did, or can alter the qualitie by a contrarie qualitie, as to vse refrigeratiues, if great heat do••nolest the patie it, & calefartiues, if cold be felt in the wound, or in all the body, And in the meane spaee the antient Phi∣sitions councelled to put in the wound, salt, onyons, rue, mustard∣seede, wallnuts, dittany, brimstone, nuttes, and such like medicines hauing great force to drawe, They vsed allbindinges and sacrifica∣tions with lancet whereby the more quantitie of corrupted bloud might issue, of which thinges Paul. Aetius, Actuarius, and Corne∣lius Celsus, excellent Phisitions and worthie of eternall commenda∣tions, haue worthily written. Notwithstanding because they had neyther y^e knowledge of wounds made by gunshot, neyther of any excellent medicine, neyther yet perhaps of the poyson, wherewith the shot may be poisoned, I haue thought it meete to bring to light most profitable medicines, & they not comon, to cure suche wounds as are veno••ned, y^e vse of which the thankfull posteritie cannot suf∣ficiently commend, Therefore at the very first dressing, (if by the a∣foresayd signes, it is manifest the wound to be poysoned) draw out

if you may all thinges infixed and scarifie the lippes of the wound, and set boxing glasses thereto, and annoynt the tentes to be put in the wound with this vnguent following.

An vnguent profitable for poysoned woundes.

Take Ʋng. Macedonici ℥ ii. oyle of Mirrh and Turpentine, ana ʒ ii. our precipitate ʒ i. ss. butter of Arsnicke fixed and dul••i∣fied as the manner is ℥ ss. oyle of Antimonie ʒ ii. a little waxe, and make thereof an oyntment.

There cannot a more better medicine be found to drawe out and clense anie poyson in woundes, wherefore the Chyrurgions ought alwaies to haue it made in a readinesse, whose force when they haue proued in these woundes, and all maligne vlcers, as Carcinomata Gangrena, and other desperate sores, so much the more will they commend it, for it worketh without anie paine.

Another most excellent.

Take olei mercur, corporalis ʒ i. ss. olei sulphuris therebi. ʒ iii. ar∣senici dulcificati ʒ ii, and with a little fresh butter, make thereof an vnguent, and applie it to the wound, as it is said, with tentes and plegettes, for it cureth all venomous woundes, and Gangrena, Caner, eating and naughtie vl••ers, and about the compasse of the wound let this plaster be applyed.

An attractiue medicine.

Take Ammoniaci, bdellii, dissolued in vineger of Roses, ana. ℥ ii. Galbani ℥ ss. mumiae thuris, Mastick ana ʒ iii. Camphere ʒ ii. white & red corall, Magnes prepared, asphalti, amber, ana ℥ ss. rad. aristolochiae, serpentariae. et arundinis. ana. ʒ ii. ss wax, ship-pitch. an. ℥ iii. alabast. ʒ iii. oyle of Turpentine, and of eggs, ana q. s. to make a cerote, This medicine being rightly prepared, draweth out not onely the venome, but also whatsoeuer is infixed in the wound, ey∣ther pellet, iron, bones, spels, or ragges of clothes.

Another excellent attractiue.

Take gummi corticis med. tiliae drawne as heereafter shall be taught ℥ ii. magnetis praep. ℥ i. succini flaui praep. ℥ ss. opoponaxe

purged with the iuice of Serpentariaz iii. Turpentine and waxe, as much as suffiseth to make an emplaster.

Aliud specificum.

The tong of a foxe cut off in a conuenient time, and prepared and dried as it ought, draweth out the shot, yea from the inward partes, without paine if first it be moystened in red wine, wherein serpentarie and aristolochia hath bene boyled, and so applyed to the wound, also this defensiue following layd round about the mem∣ber, is of great force.

Defensiuum Magistrale.

Take of the flowers of Mullen, hipericon, and roses ana p. ii. the leaues of rue and henvane ana m. i. Camphire, ℥ ss. boyle them in vineger, and make thereof a Cataplasme, that asswageth paine and keepeth the part from impostumation. These medicines ough•• to be changed twise a day, and must be vsed, vntill all grie∣uous passions shall seeme to be gone: and then the wound must be vsed as if it were bursed: and that may be done with prolonging of tune, that the venomous matter may ruime out and not creepe in∣ward, And when such time is come that we iudge the venome to be drawn out quite, you may incarnate and cicatrize the wound as we haue said before, but if the wound be so infected with poyson, that it seemeth to bring great danger of death, and is deadly indeede, and nothing amendeth by applying of medicines, it shall not be a∣misse (the danger before declared) to cut of the member, if it be such as may be cut off: let this suffise concerning venomous woundes.

Now going about to intreat of burning, which oftentimes hap∣peneth to woundes by shot, I cannot sufficiently discommend the iudgement of those which will that colde thinges and such as haue great poer to keepe backe, are in this case straight to be applied, for such keepe in and driue backe, and not draw out the fire, and doth driue it more into the parts, and increase the griefe: and espe∣cially vineger, which they commonly vse, for with his astringent vertue, it stoppeth the pores, and keepeth backe the fiuxe of blood, as Aetius writeth. For rather brine or salt-water dooth presently draw on the burning and fire of such wounds, and doo aswage the great paine, and keepe backe blisters, if the burned part be present∣ly couered with a fine cloth wette in salt water. But Oribasius and

Paulus haue thought good that burnings were to bee cured with clensing medicines, and therefore they haue commended terram Chiam, Cimoliam, and Creticam, and all other light earth being tempered with vineger, being not sharpe. The late writers com∣mend an vnguent made of lime seuen times washed and tempered with oile of Roses, and applied to the griefe. Other haue recourse to Walwort boiled in wine and made as a Cataplasine, and to all such medicines which by heate may draw out the burning from the slesh: and by this reason the fire it selfe, if the part burned bee hol∣den thereunto, becomes aremedie to cure his owne hurts, for in opening the pores, it draweth out hte fire and ceaseth paine: but wehaue oftentimes to our great profite, vsed these medicines fol∣lowing.

Anvnguent for common souldiers, to quench the burning, and keepe backe blisters.

Take oile of elders and of nuts ana. ℥ ii. oile of egges ℥. ss. harts tallow, and marrow of a bull ana ℥ i. two Onions rosted, & a little Waxe, make of these an vnguent and lay it to the part affected.

Another for the same of great vertue.

Take of oile of lard, and oile of butter ana ℥ ss. the iuice of the berries and leaues of Iuie ℥ ii. the iuice of the middle rinde of El∣ders ℥ i. oyle of elders, ℥ iiii. salt peter, zii. boile them altogither till the water be consumed, and with a little waxe make thereof alina∣ment, which is of great force to take away burnings. Also this wa∣ter following is most excellent for the same purpose.

A water against burning.

Take of the fieame of vitriol and allome ana lb. ss. the flowers of tapsus barbatus, leaues of blacke Iuie ana m. i. s••afles, frogges, and crafishes ana numerox. distil them in a leaden limbeck, with some∣what a strong fice, and wash the burned place with this water, fiue or sixe times a day. Likewise the water of sperma ranarum, mixed with the fieame of vitrioll is very good, but there cannot be found a more excellent remedy to quench the burning heate of pouder thē

this lynament following, for it putteth away all inflamations, and al••wageth p••ine, and the rich may vse it.

An excellent lynament.

Take salis saturni saccharini ℥ i. oyle of yolkes of egges ℥ ii. butt••r prepared ℥ iiii. mixe them and make alynament, wherewith annoint the bin ned place, thrise or foure times a day: and lay this defensiue following to the parts about it, to withstand the fluxe of homors and inflamation.

Nutritum Magistrale.

Take of the iuice of henbane, housleeke, and water lilies, of ech ℥ ii. water of the sperm of frogges and flowers of Mullein ana ℥ i. Wharge, or his salt, which is better ℥ ii. o••se of visci pomorum and Ros••omphac. ana ℥ ii. ss. vineger of Roses ℥ i. tēper them long in a leaden morter with a pestill of the same, and make it in forme of Nutriti, and vse it for a defensiue. These are the locall medicines which are necessary for such burned woundes: but in so much as these inconueniences are wont to happen to bodies being sicke and filled with euill iuice, and weake of strength, which are subiect to all mishaps, as to great paine and inflamation, whereof feuers may grow, and so death follow. (For so old patched and rotten shippes doo soonest giue vp in a tempest.) In which case wee must haue a care that a good order of diet bee kept, and also if neede require, purgation and blood-setting: all which things are to be committed to the iudgement of the skilfull and wise Phisition, who may pru∣dently presage what will be the ende of the griefe, not to neglect that which is great, neither to make that great which is little, least it should seeme that he hath done more then neede: and this thing (according to Celsus minde) must alwayes be looked to, least that griefe which is of it selfe being small, be made great by the negli∣g••nce of the Phisition.

CHAP. 1. A perticular curation of these wounds and also of the accidents happening thereunto.

Of vvounds vvith fracture of the bones.

THe curation of such wounds is commonly iudged more difficult, if so bee it bee ioyned with fracture of the bones, and that not

without great cause, especially if the greater bone, as of the leggs and armes, bee so broken that the marrowe goeth out, which cannot be without great perishing of the sinewes, vaines, & Arte∣ries, the which bring life, feeling and mouing to euery part, and that being kept back, the member must needs perish, & commonly death ensueth. Whereunto the Phisition or Chyrurgion ought so much the more to looke by, how much the more the number & great∣nes of accidents shall increase, that he may let nothing passe which doth pertain to the perfite ••uratio therof. And it is better to attempt that with excellēt medicines, thē by vtter desparation by a heauy & sorrowfull meanes ••o cut off the member, and especially in the be∣ginning, when as yet Sphacelus, is not growen: and that I haue not spoken this without a cause, the workes and myracles of nature may teach vs, the which she oftentimes brings to passe (being fur∣thered with meete medicines) and deceiueth the iudgement, yea of the learned, the which with these eyes I haue oftentimes seene to haue happened in the tentes, at this last warres and among all the rest, a certaine noble man named Brosseus, whose arme was so torne by a great shot, that it missed but litle of breaking of y^• head, which is fastened on the bones, named Omoplat, which was the onely cause why the Chyrurgions did not cut it off: but they meant shortly to doo it for feare of Sphacelus: but it fell out that the pacient recouered, whom they iudged past helpe, in that the wound was accompanied with such euill and sundry accidents, yea and his arme saued, that he is able to doe any thing with it. I haue thought it good to set out this ensample to the younger Chyrur∣gions, that thereby they may indeuour themselues by all meanes rather to preserue the hurted member, then to beginne their cura∣tion by taking it off, which ought not to be done, before it is plain∣ly perceiued the member to be come to mortification, and then let it be done by due warning and prediction: some wil obiect, that in the beginning the strength of the pa••ient to be of more force, & also to s••••••er better the taking off, the which by the greatnesse of the griefe dacayeth: and therefore it is to be done by and by, which is as it were to set that present before his eyes, which is not yet, and is also vncertaine whether it will bee or no. Moreouer it is better first to die that kinde of curation which is of credite and profite, then to attempt a taking heed of other hanious griefes not yet come: nei∣ther may we thinke that nature is so weake, but she is able to per∣forme

that which seemeth impossible, being holpen in time, & d••oth oftentimes deceiue our expectation and iudgement: as in the en∣sample before we haue declared. But in case the member must needs be taken away, it is better to be done by a generall consent of the learned, then by the rash iudgement of the vnskilfull, which often∣times will boldly enterprise the same.

The cause why (intreating of these woundes, which happen without breaking and brusing of the bones) I take my beginning of these which happen to the head, as the most waightiest and dan∣gerous: by reason of the worthinesse of the braine inclosed therein. And also because there can no bands & rowlers (wh••ch they say to be very necessary in all fractures) bee applied thereunto, which bands were inuented to repell, to aswage impostumation, to auoide quitture, and to take away all hurtfull things sticking in the wound without which meanes, Gal••n thinketh Meth. vi. cap. vi. no bone broken may bee vnited: whereby it comes to passe, that Cranion being fractured, it is necessarie to open the scull, which commonly we call trapaning, that thereby we may clense and make a passage for the matter, which otherwise might corrupt the pani••les, and so the braine it selfe. And that we may intreate orderly hereof, and our meaning the better vnderstood, let vs imagine to be set before vs, some one wounded in the heade by shot: and the first thing to bee considered shalbe this, whether the wound bee manifest or secret, shewing it selfe onely by brusing, which may come to passe, if so be the helmet be so strong, that the shot is not able to pearce him, but onely bendeth it, and so bruseth Cranion and breaketh it without opening of the skinne. This happening, the wound must be laun∣ced crossewise, and to the incision, let some assringent medicine be applied with lint or towe, made of sang drac. mastic. and bole Ar∣meny mixed with the white of an egge, and so in the day following, the wound will be greater, and so may yee iudge better of the frac∣ture, which doth happen after sundry sorces, for some whiles one part, and otherwhiles both partes of the table are perished, some∣times the fissure is to be seene, and then with the Grecians it is named 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 otherwhiles it is verie narrowe and not to be seene. which the Latines call Pilosa, the Gretians 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 the which againe doe pearse both partes of the table, or one which is not so dangerous: Therefore, the fracture being manifest, the wound being sufficientie delated eyther by shot or incisiion, so soone as may

let it be taken in hand: first of all let all things bee taken out which are contused and torne, and whatsoeuer oppresseth the panicles, but if there bee any great fragment, which oftentimes chanceth, you may not too h••stily pursue it, as Galen wr••teth in his sixt Meth. med. ca. 6. It shalbe sufficient if the bone bee so much opened that the matter may auoid thereby. These are to be considered when the incision or fracture is manifest: but as concerning such woundes, as haue onely a simple fissure, such require a skilfull and expert Chyrurgion to discerne them: for oftentimes it is not to be percei∣ued by sight nor handling.

The ancient in this case, (that is when the fracture is pilosa or Capillaris) did vse a certaine blacke medicine, which leauing be∣hinde it a blacke scarre in the bone, did shewe the fracture to bee there. To this purpose may bee vsed inke wherewith wee write, tempered with masticke, or else coles with mell Rosate, or else (which is better) tartar calcinid till it be blacke, which also of his owne accorde easily resolueth: but the later writers doo iudge of the fracture, by applying of astringent medicines, for in what place, and where it is soonest dryed (which comes of hot vapours percing through the fracture,) there it is shewed to be, which be∣ing found out, we must presently search by proper signes and to∣kens, whether the fissure dooth passe both the tables, or else but one: for if it be but in the vppermost table only, it sufficeth to scarifie the bone where the fracture is with a razore (which the greekes call 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉) or any other fit instrument, as farre as the fracture extendeth, that the bone be made equall, and after proceede to the residue of the curation, applying medicines meete for wounds con∣tused, of which we haue already intreated in the first booke. More∣ouer you must take great heede in all wounds of the head that they take no moisture, as Hipoc. witnesseth de vuln cap. But contra∣riwise, let such things as dry and comfort the head be applied either drie or in powder, or mixed with mell rosate. Such as comfort the head are these: the roots of both Aristolochies, frankēsence, myrrh, ireos, panax, farina, orobi, and other such like: also mercurie preci∣pitate is very good, mixed with mel rosat, & ruineth the superflui∣tie of bones: but if the rising perce through, then must it bee tra∣pined before the third day, or by some other meanes an issue made, (as Hippocrates saith) which must be so ample, that inflamation be staide, and a passage for the matter made, so that throughly it

may be taken away and clensed, which must be done circumspectly, and with fit and meete instruments, which are liuely set out by Ambrosius Pareus in the Chapter of woundes of the heade. And this handie worke being ended, wee must diligently marke when the broken bone doth waxe lose, for then it is to be taken out, so be it sticketh not fast to the panicle, which if it doth, it must not bee medled with, least thereby you hurt the panicle or hinder it by let∣ting in of the aire: but you must stay till such time as the bone fall away of his owne accord, but if the bone be quite separated from the skinne, which oftentimes happeneth in such wounds, through the great force of the shotte: and there is also inflamations, and other davngerous accidents which commonly accompany these wounds. Then it must presently be opened, yea before it doe rot, if so the Chyrurgion be come in time, which ought to bee both dili∣gent and skilfull, and hath a perfite knowledge of all such places as may be trapaned, in that y^e seams of Crainon, are not to be medled with, but if the wound chance to happen there, then it must be tra∣paned on both sides, not touching the seames, and it must be done in that part which shall seeme most conuenient, to auoide the cor∣ruption. Moreouer you must beware that you trapan not the brows or lower parts of the braine, least thereby (the way being made open) the braine by reason of his heauinesse issue out, neither yet about the temples, because of the muscle, and vitall instruments which are there: which thing Galen hath obserued li. 6. ca. 6. meth. with these wordes: Cogitaui preterea accidere posse, vt si a latere magnum fierit in ossibus foramen, promineret fortassis hac parte cerebrum. Est porro & in lateribus non vno in loco-etiam neruo∣rum, horumque non leuis momenti quidem exortus. His admoni∣tus abstinui ab eximendo osse, quod in latere capitis esset. But in y^• vppermost part of the braine, he saith there commeth not out any nerue: whereby we may learne that in that place, we may trapan with lesse daunger. The wound being inlarged, the Chyrurgions doo commonly apply santalum as they terine it, which is a peece of red sil••e cut according to the bignesse of the orofice, which some apply warme, dipped onely in oile of Roses: but other mixed there∣with mel rosarum and some vse onely hony of roses, doubting least that through the moistnesse of the oile, the panicle would corrupt. Others thrust in tentes and linte to fill therby the hollownes of the whole wound: and some vse their degestiues as they terme them,

of which we haue spoken off before, some againe prefer Maced. and Basilicon, and some there bee which vse a cerote made of the emplaster of betony dissolued with oile of Roses in forme of an vn∣guent. But according to the minde of Hippoc. so soone as the pani∣cle of the head is vncouered by taking away Cranion: it ought straight to be clensed and dryed, least through the prolonging of time it swel & corrupt. Now after feare of impostumation aboue is past, they applie such things as mundifie & incarnate, that there∣by the wound at last may come to cicatrization, which is brought to passe (as we said before) by such medicines as drie and comfort the head. Moreouer it shal not be amisse, to set downe some descrip∣tions of such medicines which are profitable in wounds of y^e heade with fracture of Cranion, and first we will set downe such as must at the first dressing bee applied to the panicles detected where Cranion is taken away.

Take Mel rosat ℥ ii. oile of yolkes of egges ℥ i. mixe them, and dippe therein a peece of silke, or lint, and lay it warme to the place, but take this following if you desire to haue an easie and speedie medicine.

Take mel rosat ℥ ii. olei rosat ℥ i. turpentine washed ℥ ss. mixe them and dippe the tents or silke therein. But at the third or fourth dressing you must not vse oile of roses or of egges, but mel rosat, mixed with a iust quantity of oile of Hipericon, and whē the seuenth or eight day is past, vse these medicines following.

Take Mellis rosat. ℥ ii. turpentine ʒ i. aqua vitae, gut. x. mix them togither and warme them, and dippe therein your santalum or fine lint, and apply it hot to the place, let a chafingdish of what coles be by, least the cold aire hinder it by percing in.

Another for the same purpose, to be vsed of the rich.

Take mel rosat ℥ ii. oile of myrrhe, made according to our de∣scription ʒ ss. oile of turpētine distilled with aqua vitae by Balueo. ʒ i. mixe and vse them as aforesaid, so there be no impostumation, for this medicine is excellent to preserue the panicle from putrifaction and also profitable in all fractures of Cranion.

You may also vse in the beginning vnguentum Magistrale, de∣scrived by vs before, which you may apply about the bone, and fill also the hollownes of the wounde with lint dipped therein, and so couer it al with a plaister of the same, also Calcinatum mag. Para∣celsu

is very good for the same purpose, and in the meane while, to clense the wound vse this following.

For common souldiers.

Take myrrh, sacacol, Ireos, ana ʒ ii. mumia ʒ i. ss. both astrologies ana ʒ i. farina orobi ʒ ii. ss. mel rosat. and turpentine washed in the water of betony, ana q. ss.

To make an ointment for wealthy men.

Take vngent de peto of our description ℥ iii. oile of myrrh ʒ iii. oile of amber distilled by discention, and corrected as shalbe taught ʒ ii. the powder of the rootes of astristolochie ʒ i. mixe them, & vse it as aforesaid. But after that the panycle shall seeme to be couered, then you may vse medicines which drie more. And so you may adde to one ounce of the foresaid ointment one ʒ. of our precipitate dulco∣rated, for thereby not onely the scales of the bones fall more easier away, but also hiposarcosis or proud flesh is kept backe, and this medicine may be vsed vntil it be perfitly whole and cicatrised, fore∣seen alwayes that it be couered with Empl. de betoni, or gratia dei, or diadictaum not described of Galen, or this following.

An excellent emplaister for the head.

Take the iuice of Peeuincle, Sclandine and Comfory, ana. ℥ i. Mummye, Myrrhe, Srarcocolle, Ireos, ana ʒ i. the roots of round astristolochie ℥ ss. powder of yellow amber ʒ ii. ss. Turpētine & hony ana ℥. iii. Croci marti ℥ iii, wax, q. s. to make a playster. And to as∣swage inflamation, it is verie good a day or two, in the beginning, to annoynt the partes about the wound with the oyle of roses, and to applie rowles and bowlsters, as fit and easie as may be, and as much as is possible to shunne the colde ayre: for there is nothing more hurtfull to such woundes. Let a slender dyet bee prescribed, wherein he must abstaine from wine, & all such kind of meates, as send fumes and vapors to the head: you must not forget also to purge, aswell by phlebotomy, as also if neede require by seege, And alwaies haue in memorie the sentence of Hippocrates, which saith, that no wound of the head, is to be lightly regarded, yea if the skinne be but onely rased because of the great accidentes and passions which commonly happen thereunto, and therefore you

must prognosticate, with great heede taken, thereby to auoyd all re∣bukes, whereunto commonly those which exercise Phisicke are subiect. Therefore the woundes which happen in the seames of Cranion are very dangerous, and the more if they bee in the fore∣part of the head and temples, or in the sides thereof, but not so ill, if in the hinder part, as Hippocrates doth witnesse, and the more the bones are broken, so much it is more dangerous, and especially if they hurt dura or pia matter, for wounds by shot are made by such violence, that they not onely burst that they hit, but also the part••s ioyning thereunto, and so pull together the partes farther distant that oftentimes it benūmeth the partie & bring hym in case as he were dead, which is alwaies a very euill sig••e, all which signes are diligently to be noted that thereby you may know the better to mi∣nister medicins, and to giue a more certain warning to the friends of the patient, those which haue receiued deadly woundes, eyther dye by and by or els liue a verie little while, euen as the wound shall be greater or possesse a dangerous place, and sometimes, those which are lesse hurt (yea deadly) if a feuer take them, die in the 7. day or 11. or 17. These are signes of death nigh at hand, wannesse of collour of the wound, the matter is little and stincking, the bone is blacke, pustels appeare on the toong, rednesse of the eyes, and other some, which may be gathered out of the booke of Hippoc. de vul. cap. and▪ also frensinesse and crampes comes a little before death.

CHAP. II. Of wounds in the face with a fracture of the bones.

TO all other bones of the head being broken, as that whiche is called Basilare, or both the iaw bones, they commonly vse not any other remedy, but a conuentent binding vp of the wound, w^t ap∣plying of suche medicines as are vsed to broken and bruised bones. Therefore euen at the first dressing all thinges must be taken out, which are therein, whether it be shotte or any peece of bone lose, which may easily be taken out, otherwise stay till such tyme as na∣ture expell it of her owne accord, eyther by that place where the shot went in, or where it came foorth, the whiche may be furthered by the Chyrurgion by remedies described of vs, in the former booke. But if it chance that the orifice of the wound bee not large inough to take out thinges therein infixed, as broken bones: Let it

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be inlarged with sponges prepared, and if need require with an in¦strument: Moreouer I thinke it good to make mention of the de∣formities which are woont to remaine after such wounds, whereof greatheede is to be taken, and especially of suche as happen in the face, for it disfigureth greatly the man, & is muche seene in that the face is neuer couered. If a wound therefore be taken so nigh that the beard and skinne are burnt: you must haue recourse to such me∣dicines which helpe burning, whereof mention is made before: but aboue all the rest, this following is of great force, for it keepeth backe blisters, and causeth heare to growe, as I learned of a man of no small calling, who affirmed to haue proued it oftentimes.

An excellent medicine, easie to be made, which is called in Greeke 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉,

Take the iuice of Leekes rosted in the embers and strayned, wherewith annoynt three or foure times a daie the place burned and bald.

Another for the same proued.

Take of the iuice of Leeks, & rosted onions, ana ℥ ii. aqud. sper∣ranarum ℥ i. olei visc. pomo. & populei, white waxe, ana q. s. to make a linament, wherewith twise a day annoynt the burned part, and if it happen that any cornes of the powder sticke in the skinne, as of∣tentimes it doth, first as nigh as may be, they must bee picked out with the poynt of a great nèedle, or anie other fit instrument, and then applie this lynament following.

For common souldiers.

Cast butter being melted, into the water of sperma ranar. or els in aqua gamarorum prepared according to our order, and doe that ten or more times, vntill the butter be as white as milke, of that so prepared: take ℥ iii. and mixe it with ℥ i. of oyle of the yeolkes of egges made after our discription, and make thereof a lynament, and annoynt the place, where the powder sticketh, it is a singular remedie for that purpose, and also to take away the burning.

Another most excellent for the same purpose to be vsed of the riche.

Take olei lithar ℥ ss. aqua ex gammaris extractae ʒ ii. balsam••

saturni ʒ i. water of water lilies, ʒ ii. of the foresaid butter q. s. and thereof make a lynament, and after the burning, let the face be an∣noynted three or foure times a day with this following.

An vnguent to asswage the burning of the face.

Take vnguentum citr. ℥ ii. spermat. ceti, ʒ i. oyle of Roses, and of Lilies ana ℥ ss. mixe them.

Another more excellent.

Take vnguent. pomatae. ℥ ii. Mucilag. sem psyllij extracted with Rosewater ℥ i. caphurae ℈ i. oyle of sweere Almonds ℥ ss. mixe them, and to take away the cicatrizes, and red scarres, vse this me∣dicine following.

Take olei lithar. ʒ ii. olei tartari, & balsami saturni ana ʒ i. camphere ℈ i. spermates ceti ʒ i. oyle of egges ℥ ii. mixe them & ap∣plie them foure times a day: But let the rich vse oleum talci, which is the chiefest of al. But if it chance, through taking of a bone out, y^• the lips of the wound do wrinckle & wexe hard, wherby cicatriza∣tion is hindered, then you may repayre to that, which I meane sin∣gularly to intreate of, and let this suffiee concerning woundes of the head, which are ioyned with fractures.

CHAP. III. Of woundes in which the bones of the armes, and legges are broken.

Such woundes wherewith the bones are broken, and doth of∣ten happen to the armes, & thighes, partly because they are of such greatnesse, that they oftentimes meete the shot, and partly because these partes are commonly vnharnessed, whensoeuer therefore any patient shalbe brought to vs wounded in such sorte, we must straight wayes search and seeke with our fingers or instrumentes, how the bone is broken, and especially then, when the wound is in the shoulder or hipbone, because that a fracture in these places, is very dangerous, for through extention, it hurteth the muskles and si∣newes, which bringeth great inflamations, with grieuous paynes and crampes, and other dangerous accidentes, through which death oftentimes insueth, without present remedie be ministred, of which there be two kindes, the one miserable and pitifull, yet ne∣cessarie

to preserue the rest of the whole bodie, which is, taking off of the member wounded, in that it is so hurt and mainied that it is past al hope of recouery. But yet in vsing of this extreme remedy in this desperate case, the iudgement of euery common Chyrurgion is not to be followed, which take vpon them that most honest name, so soone as they haue learned the way to make m••ision, to cut off, to part a sunder, and as I may sayto play the butcher, and haue no other remedy but a saw, and certain cautarizes, wherwith they get boldnesse, which they call hardinesse, which I count to be most pernitious and daungerous, except it bee ioyned with wise∣dome and skill, for because I haue often seene great inconuenien∣ces, and somewhiles miserable death to haue followed such butche∣lie boldnesse, notwithstanding the greatnesse of the griefe beyng diligently wayed, and certainly found out, that by no other meanes it is to be cured: then by good reason, let such be called, which are both prudent and wise, and haue had by experience triall in the like case, and then let the member bee taken of, if it may be, when as yet, there is no inflamation or anie other euill accident, that there∣by the rest of the whole bodie may be saued. But first let the Chy∣rurgion declare such da••gers as are requisite to be told of: neither is it to be doubted that auie lesse diligence is required, then danger appeareth, especially when the bones of y^e shoulders or hip be burst, which neuer happenet•• without great tearing of the muskles, and ••lso of the vaines, and other partes, where hence commeth com∣monly sodaine co••ulsions, inflamations, Gangrena, and at the last, mortification, for if there are to be found of the antient Phisitians, which would in no case meddle with y^e onely rupture of these bones, yea some willed the wounded member to be cut off, when the bones but hanged out of y^• flesh, what would they say now I pray you if they saw these horrible ruptures, which happen cōmonly through y^• violence of this deadly and diuelish tormentes, the whiche dayly is so increased, by the wicked and naughtie deuises of some, that al∣most there cannot any medicines be found to cure it, nor any har∣nesse sufficient to defend it, but as concerning this heauie and sor∣rowful remedie, which is y^e disinēbring the member, we shal haue a fitter place to intreate of it, in the chapter of Gangrena and Spha∣celus. For nowe we will goe to the other remedie, which is more profitable and better, and is done by manuell operation as they tearme it, and must be assayed by all meanes, as wee haue sayd in

the beginning of this chapter. To which purpose the Chyrurgi∣ons, set downe two intentions, whereof the one respecteth the rup∣ture, and willeth as nigh as may bee, that all the broken bones be reduced to their naturall seates, which being done, she commandeth the whole ioynt to be rowled and pressed with linnen clothes, wet∣ted first in some conuenient liquor to keepe backe all accidentes, the which some allowe at the first dressing, that the vnetion may be the surer, and woulde not haue it quite vndone, till fortie dayes be expi∣red, but to lose it, and binde it harder, in the meane space, as neede shall require, except it be through intollerable itching, inflamation, paine, or such like: and to remedie suche, they prescribe an orderly dyet, or bloudletting, or operation, or suche locall medicines, as shalbe thought meete.

The other intention respecteth the wound, and forbiddeth that it be hid and rowled so fast, as is vsed in fractures, in that it requi∣reth to be dressed oft, that the filth and excrementes whiche nature expelleth may haue issue, and for that cause some vse straightwayes setones (as they tearme them) if it may easily bee put in the wound, which they annoint first with meete medicines: And some vse one∣ly tentes, and if neede require, they also amplifie and inlarge the orifice thereof, and likewise the lower partes, whereby all filth and baggage may issue out the better, and so the parts are broughtin a better case, & easier to be cured, Likewise they dayly diminish their tents, making them shorter & shorter, whereby y^e wound may heale the better and incarnate the faster, to which purpose they vse medi∣cines meete for wounds by shot, of which we made relation in the former treatise. Moreouer to finish this last intention, they haue a great regard to charge the patient to vse meates that are iuicy and good, and such as conglutinate, till such time as Callus is growne, and chiefly because the nature of those woundes is suche, that they seeme to tarie for the consolidation of the bones. This maner of curing is vsed nowe adayes of diuers Chyrurgions, when y^e bones are fractured, whose iudgement I could not but highly commend (because they haue of their sides, the opinion of moste excellent men, which haue and doe vse the same maner of curiyng) were it not that the thing it selfe, and also experience did plainely teache me, and as it were set before my eyes, the innumerable inconueni∣ences, which happen through these splintes, and hard binding, for they oftentimes bring accidentes, as paine, inflamation, and Gan∣grena,

whereunto these kindes of woundes are greatly subiect, also they hinder the exhallations of these humours, which in these woundes abound, and oftentimes choke naturall heate, and do hin∣der the knowledge of manie greeuous accidentes, and letts, that remedie therefore cannot easi••y be ministred as it ought, except it be, when it is too late when they are compelled to loose these round and crosse bandes: which is done then perhaps, when these commo∣dities haue so taken hold, that they cannot wel be remedied, as they might if in time they had bene looked to: wherefore these vulgar and common ligatures, meet only for fractures, by my iudgement, is no wayes to be vsed in woundes ioyned with fractures, and espe∣cially in those which happen by shot, and ioyned with fractures, as may be gathered by reasons before alledged, in whiche case it be∣houeth the Chyrurgion to be carefull, least he do any thing wilfullie and rashly which after, too late he may repent. Nowe in my iudge∣ment I thinke it best, that the bones by and by before inflamation be ingendred, be brought in their seate and naturall forme, with as little paine as may be to the patient, and then to vse such medicines, as are profitable to both intēctions that is, for the wound & fracture, and because I haue seene the verie same order vsed of most learned and skilfull Phisitions, being of mine acquaintance, aswel in Ger∣many as in diuers other places. I thought it not good to passe ouer this order, whiche they are woont to holde and followe in curing wounds with fracture, especially because I iudge y^• it is most meet for woundes by shotte, in that they discommend this common and hard ligaturs or binding, for no other cause, but for the paine, in∣flamations, and Gangrena, whiche commonly comes thereby, whereunto those woundes by sho••t aboue all other (as we sayd be∣fore) are most subiect, therefore so soone as the bones bee brought in their due places, and the member rightly placed as it ought, and the wound dressed, spred this Cerote following on a linnen cloth first wet with oxyrhodino, and lay it about the wound, for it is very good for all fractures.

Take Rosen, waxe, ana▪ lb. i. pul cort tilia ℥ iii. succi geranij, ℥ iiii. boyle them to the thicknesse of a cerote and vse it.

Another vvhich I alvvaies vse my selfe.

Take the gumme of the rotes of Comphery and vsci pomar.

and popul ana ℥ iiii. suc ci geranij ℥ vi. lapid. sabulos. Rhenes. or Ar∣gill, rub. or els bole▪ armeny ℥ iii. pul. cort tiliae ℥ ii. xx. yeolkes of egges, turpentine lb. ss, oyle of wormes, ℥ iii. boyle them all together to y^• thicknesse of a cerote, it is an excellent remedie for all wounds with fracturs, and to asswage paine, inflamations and other accidentes, let it be changed euery xxiiii. houres, at the beginning, and in a fewe dayes you shall see miraculous effectes in consolida∣ting the bones. In the meane while in the would it selfe, & about it, vse fit medicines and defensiues, of which wee haue spoken before. Moreouer you must see that the wounded part be rightly placed, & if need be, rowled in a plate of lead, bowed to the fashion of a leg or an arme, or els w^t sodden lether fastened together with buckles, whereby the bones, which were broken, may the surer be holden together, which ought not, (as litle as may be) be shaken and moo∣ued, vntill hee is cured, and the bandes loosed, and vse also vulne∣rary potions meete to that purpose, by which onely I haue seene fractures cured, the bones beeing rightly placed, and that I haue seene to be especially obserued in Germany. I remember also I learned at Reystadium not farre from Rayns, that the inhabiters there doe vse a certaine stone named by his vertue Beinbruch, they giue one dram thereof in red wine in the morning, wherein peri∣uincle was infused all night, & continue so iiii. or v. dayes, & by this meanes they take away paine and dangerous accidentes, and heale the fracture in foure or fiue daies, to the great admiration of all men, whereof I my selfe am witnesse, and also Matheolus maketh mention thereof in hys commentaries: Also they are woont to vse the same stone made in forme of a cataplasme, with Geranio brused, and oyle oliue, or oile of Roses, which commeth to so good effect, that the bones doo conglutinate with∣out any paine or inflamation, which were almost incredible: were not, that besides my selfe, there were innumerable witnesses which haue seene it with their eyes. Wherefore I iudge that this kinde of medicine is most excellent in these kinde of wounds ioyned with fracture, for the greatest part of the worke is past, when the bones bru••ed bee so soone and easie conglutinated without any inconueni∣ence, in that the fracture doth nothing hinder vs, but that we may cure the wound: as if it were onely contused. Moreouer it openeth to vs a compendious and briefe curation, and most fittest to ease the sicke. But in so much as the stone is not to bee had in all places

(that it were well if the pothecaries had it alwayes to sell) you may vse a vulnerarie potion in steed therof to cure wounds w^t frac∣ture described in our antidotary, which you shall finde in cap▪ de po∣tionibus vul. and in the meane space, vse my catagmatico, which is excellent for the same purpose: and if there be no feare of inflama∣tion, you may put to it the gumme or iuice of Aristolochiae, adders tongue, boraxe, and crocus martis to harden Callus, & to strengthen the member: but if the peeces of the bones be so small that they may fall off, then vse this iniect••on.

Take the iuice of Aristolochiae, serpentary, ireos, periwinele, of ech ℥ iii. white wine ℥ vi. aqua vitae ℥ iii. myrrhe sarcacolla, mastick, ireos guaiaci ana ℥i. aleos hep. m. mummiae ana ℥. ss. cloues ʒ i. cir∣culate thē in B. iiii. dayes, then seeth thē to y^e consumtion of the third part, then straine it, & reserue it, that you may vse it with a siringe when occasion shal require. This iniection besides that, is most ex∣cellent for the bones: it also clenseth the wounde, and by little and little doth incarnate, and may be vsed to cure it throughly: but if it happen the bone to be corrupted, and beginneth to putrifie, which oftentimes comes to passe through the comming in of the aire, then the which, th••re is nothing worse to a fracture, in which case you may vse this remedie following: and although there is no mention thereof before, yet is it very profitable.

Take the oile of myrrhe distilled per dissensum and purified with the spirite of wine ℥ ss. oile of cloues ʒ it oile of sulphur▪ distil∣led with colcater ʒ i. ss. mixe them togither, and when you will vse it, touch the corrupted bone twise or thrise, with a little cotten bound to the ende of an instrument, and wetted in the foresaid liquor, and then will the putrified bone heale, and all that is rotten scale away.

Another.

Take oile of tartar distilled by a retorte, oile of guaici ana ℥ ss. oile of sulphur and of vitrioll ana ʒ i. mixe them and vse it as afore∣said.

Another.

Take Balsalmo merc. ℥ ss. oile of Antimonie ℥ iii. salt of saturne ʒ ii. mixe them togither. There cannot be deuised or found out a bet∣ter remedie, and more fitter for this purpose: for it also cureth naughtie and ligne vlcers, and to the lippes of the wounde, and a∣bout it, apply that emplaister which is most fittest to draw out the cotten bones, and very good to cure the wound throughly.

CHAP. 1111. Of wounds by shot which perce the other part of the bodie without fracture of the bones.

FUrthermore if the shot haue perced the breast, sides or lower parts of the belly: it must be considered whether the wound ex∣tendeth to the hollownes thereof: and if it do, whether any princi∣pall part be hurt, that you may giue a perfite prognostication, as we haue taught in the chapter de sig. & Iudic. For if it perceth not the body, it requireth not any other kinde of handling or healing then that generally described of vs before: but if it happen other∣wise then there are some things to be obserued properly and par∣ticularly, for if case the brest be perced, and the bullet not gone through, we must assay to take it out, and not onely that, but also whatsoeuer is therein else: and we must wisely waigh whether a∣ny blood he fallen in the hollownesse thereof, which if it be, it must warily be taken ou•• in turning and placing the bodie of the sicke, in such wise as shall seeme best. And all other kinde of remedies for this purpose, must be vsed by enlarging the wound, and leauing it open vntill time require, that the blood may come forth the better, and by this meanes diuers incommodities are withstoode, which commonly comes through the retention of bloode in these partes, whereunto these wounds are greatly subiect. Also in this case vul∣ner arie potions are of great force, in that they dissolue y^• conieled blood, and keepe it from coagulations, and minister them to the sicke first euery morning, and also in the euening, as you haue lear∣ned in the last chapter of our Antidot. de potio vul. The rest of the curation you may performe by such wayes and remedies as are vsed in other wounds by shot. But yet this one thing is singularly and particularly to be obserued, that such medicines be altered, and their formes chaunged into iniections, as neede shall require: for otherwise they cannot reach the bottome thereof to worke their force, which iniections may be made of these medicines which are prescribed of vs in the former treatise: and they must be cast in by a spoute, which I haue proued to errest all other instrumentes, in that it sucketh vp againe that which he cast in, which is required in the vse of the remedies. After this you shall fasten some tent with

a threed, and put it in the hollownes of the wound, of such length as shall seeme meetest to keep•• alwayes the mouth of the wounde open, that the inward parts being purged and clensed, may by litle and litle incarnat, before the orofice be quite growne togither, least otherwise the filth within might be stopped. Moreouer whiles the sicke is a healing, he must eschew the cold aire: for nothing is more hurtfull to such wounds, and if both sides be perced, you must put tents in both holes, and by so much the more keepe them open the longer that the matter way the easier haue issue. But if that Callus happen to growe, as sometimes it doth, apply such remedies as hereafter shalbe declared. As concerning his diet, let him keepe such as is prescribed in other wounds, that is cold, dry, and sclēder, but let him abstaine from astringent and sharpe meates, and that from the beginning, because they moue the cough, and bring short∣nesse of breath, which thing commonly doth greatly hurt the seely sicke patient: contrariwise such things as comfort the brest, are ve∣ry good, as figges, raisons picked, barly and other like, and blood∣letting also is very good, and euacuation by glister, and otherwise if the body be filled with ill iuice: The like in all points is to be ob∣serued in wounds of the belly, thecuration of which is not vnlike to the cure of other wounds by shot, which we haue set downe alrea∣dy, although these vulner ary potions are more in vse, in that in the partes they more perfitly worke, and shew their strength. And such potious must bee mixed as intentions shall require, and more strengthners must be vsed, if any nutritiue part be hurt, as the liuer and splene, which also is good to foment outwardly: and sometimes such wounds are cured by giuing fit glisters, when they shall touch the lower parts: but if the perce the body, and hurt the backe bone, then you must vse these remedies which wee haue prescribed in wounds of the heade: and the like iudgement is to bee giuen, if the marrow of the backe come forth, as was before touching the braine.

But because it oftentimes happeneth, that the shotte is drawne from the vpper parts lower, and so sticketh in some member, and commeth not out, in which case the filth and matter cannot haue issue out, then it must be wayed, where the shot may without daun∣ger be taken out by the lower way, which the easier may bee done if you may feele it with your fingers, for y^t wayes it may far better be taken out, as we said before, where we intreated of taking out things infixed: but if that cannot be, then must we vse compressions

and hard bindings, that there by the corruption may come forth the h••tter, for by pressing of it toward the or••••ee it issueth the better, also iniections are good for these ••••••ewy woundes, because other medicines cannot reach the bottome of them, but you must giue indeuour, that you leaue none thereof in the wound, but draw it vp againe with your spout which cast it in. In these kinds of wounds, tents made of sponges are very good, because they draw corrup∣tion and sucke it in, and dry the wound. But because oftentimes the lippes of the wound ware hard, which letteth perfite consolida∣tion, you shall therefore vse the remedies following, for they are most fitin this case and for all fistulaes, neither shall you need to vse hot irons, the which extreme remedy the common Chyrurgeons are wont to apply.

Ad callum & fistulas curandas.

Take oile of hony drawne by heate of fire ℥ii. oile of saturne and mercury sublimate ana ʒi. olei petr. and of cl••ues ana ʒi. ss. let them be ioyned togither with turpentine and with tentes or plegets, and apply to the wound.

Another excellent for the same.

Take Antimoni ℥ iii. of mercuyie sublimate ℥i. ss. mellis ℥ vi. mixe all togither and distill them in a retor••, according to art with a small fire, & there will issue an oile most ex••ellent to cure al callous and mallgne vl••ers, fistulaes, cankers, and also Gangrena.

CHAP. V. The order to correct such accidents as happen to these wounds.

ALllearned Phisitions do grant, that those greenous accidents which doe greatly diminish & ouerthrow the strength of y^e bo∣die, are first to be cured, letting passe (for a while) the proper cura∣tion of the wound, and the curation of these accidentes is, not as an accident, but as the cause of pulling downe strength, or any other grieuous affection. Therefore great paine, intempery, impostu∣mation, pals••es, Gangrena, seuers, cramp̄es and Sphacelus, because they are weightie and daungerous accidents, and do often happen to the wounds, must out of ha••de bee remedied in that they ••••••••ken

strength, and bring perillous diseases, in this case therefore, y^• me∣thod must be altered, least by the violence of these accidents, the pa∣tient be killed, o•• else through the crueltie thereof he be sore vexed, and let the curation beginne, where the siche is in most danger, for thither the Phisition ought to direct his comming, for no wound can perfectly be cured, except first suche accidentes be driuen away, Therefore I haue thought it good to discourse of them all with a fit method and order, and with few wordes to prescribe to eche hys proper remedie.

Of griefe.

We asswage paine with onodinis, or els with paregoricis medi∣camentis, which are temperate & agreeable to our bodies, and hold in the first degree, and of a thinne substance, and this we doe with fometation and lynaaments.

Fomentations are made with the decoction of the root of holli∣hocke, sheepes heades, mallowes, of the flowers of Mullein, ca∣momill mellilote of the seedes of linen fenigrecke and milke.

Lynaments are made of y^e Macilage seminum psillij, fenigreck, and of hollihock of butter, capons grease, and bawsons grease, of oesypo and oyle of visci pomorum.

Also Narcotica asswage paine, by henumming the feeling of the member and making at first, that it cannot feele the raging of the paine, we vse such when through great paine, the strength is wasted, and feare of swounding draweth on, and when the payne comes of great inf••amation, Take the rotes of the henbane, and waters lilies, ana lb. s. digest them in the sonne with vineger of roses, and oyle of Nenuphar, for a fewdayes: then straine it, and therewith foment the place agreeued, warme, and after annoynt with this lineament.

Take the iuice of the leaues of henbane and senegrene ana ℥ ii. olei visci pomorum & nenuphar ana ℥ i. ss. freshe butter ℥ ii. mixe them, and make thereof a lineament, and let the wise Phisition al∣waies marke this, that he be very carefull to asswage paine, for it alwaies prognosticateth some ill: and let this suffise, for that we haue prescribed manie medicines before this intention.

Of distemperature.

If a whote distemperature do molest the wounded part, which

is easily knowne by paine and blistering thereof, then annoint it with vnguent nutrito, or Caphurato albo with populion: & this fol∣lowing is of great force.

Take the iuice of plantaine, night shade, houseleeke ana ℥ i. bole∣armeny ℥ ss. litharge washed with plantine water and tuttie prepa∣red ana ℥ i. oleiros. omphac. and of nenuphar ana ℥ ii. vineger of ro∣ses and a little waxe, and make an vnguent.

But if it haue a colde distemperature which is knowne by the fastnesse, then is it remedied by fomenting therof with wi••e, where∣in was sodden dill, lyneseed, and the flowers of Camomel. Wherof also you may make a cataplasine. We speake nothing of Haemor∣rhagia, because we haue made sufficient mention thereof before.

Of the feuer.

You must presently beware that a feuer come not, but keepe him backe by a cold and slender diet: by blood letting and by purging such humors as offend. But if it chāce that it increaseth (as I haue oft seene) and breed to an ague, then the humors must be digested with some conuenient decoction, and then purged againe, wherun∣to the Phisition must take diligent heede, and by ali meanes helpe the sicke, least by the sharpnesse of the griefe, death doth follow.

Of conuulsions.

The Phisitions affirme that conuulsions may come by three oc∣casions: the first is emptinesse, which proceedeth through ouer∣much purging, or immoderate bleeding, which is daungerous, as Hippoc. witnesseth Aphon. 3. lib. v. The seconde is repletion or ful∣nesse, which happeneth through vnnatural tumors rising about the wounde and suddenly vanishing away: and through ouermuch cold which contracteth the sinewes, and staieth them backe and filleth them, the which also Hippoc. hath noted Afforisme 17. lib. 5. It happeneth also, the braine being affected per consensum, by rea∣son of great paine, when either a synew is pricked, or else when sharpe by••ing and venemous humors do alter and corrupt nature: whereof comes paines, as Hippoc. witnesseth, through which by the vehemencie of the sence, cramps arise.

Conuulsion comming through emptinesse is thus cured: First let a diet be prescribed which is moist, & let the sicke take supings of almond milke, ptisan, or any conuenient broth, and prepare him

a bath wherein hath bene boiled moist things and such as haue ver∣tue to asswage paine, such are the heades and feete of wethers: al∣so the rootes of holihocks, mallowes, violets, and the leaues of mis∣telto of the apple tree, and let the sicke stande therein, if so his wounde will suffer him, or els foment the affected part therewith. After this annoint it with oleo visci pomorum & violarum, or with some ointment made of the aforesaid things. And because this con∣clusion proceeding through emptinesse, being once consumed is in∣curable, as Galen saith in lib. 7. Meth. meden. Wee must haue therefore recourse to some excellent remedie, that is the tincture of gold, or of y^e natural Balme, for if there be any hope left, it consi∣steth in these two.

But if the conuulsion come through fulnesse, it is cured by a slender diet, and in the beginning somewhat hot and drie: yet wine is to be eschewed, for it increaseth fluxes, and hur••eth the synewes, and vse to drink in the steed therof Hydromel maluacicum or sma∣mon water, and after make euacuation partly vniuersally, as by Phlebotomy and purgation: and partly by the part agreeued, which is done with vnguentis Aregonis and Mar∣tiati with oile of castorie, of a foxe, of baies and such like, wherwith (the bodie being purged) annoint plentifully the necke and all the backe bone, and also the wounded member, but yet those which follow seeme to me more profitable.

Take harts tallow, bawsons greace and beares greace ana ℥i. olei laurini ℥i. ss. olei vnlpini, castorei, terebinth. iuniper. lumbr. ana ℥. ss. vnguenti Agrip. & Dialth. ana ℥ ii. turpentine washed in wa∣ter of lillies ℥ i. Euphorbii ℈ i. and with a litle waxe make therof an ointment, or else thus.

Take rosme, shippe pitch ana ℥ i. colophony and new waxe ana ℥ ii. olibanum, mastick, ceruse ana ounce ss. salt niter, sanguis draco∣nis, turpentine, oile of roses salt armoniac, oile of y^e yelkes of egges ana ℥ ii. camphere ʒ i. y^e mother of perles ℥ i. amber ʒ i. ss. lodestone ounce ss. white coporus ʒ ii. make an emplaister according to art.

Take balsam. gummi elemi & haederae ana ℥ ii. oiles of waxe, turpentme, and iuniper distilled according to the Chimicall order ana ounce ss. oile of cloues & of benioyn ana ℈ii. mixe them & make thereof a lynament and anoint therewith the backe bone and woun∣ded member: or els thus.

Take the balme of visci pomor. and of Iuie, and hipericon ana

℥ ii. oile of sage and turpentine ana ℥ i. oile of iuniper ℥ ss. olei tar∣tare faeten. ʒ iii. auxungiae taxi ounce iii. mixe them & vse them as a∣foresaid: and vse with all inwardly, this following.

Take aquarum lilii conuallii & iuniperi ana ℥ i. oile of amber ℈. ss. make thereof a mixture: or els this.

Take the water of sinam••n and the water of Florum tiliae ana ℥ i. oile of iuniper drawne by Balneo, gut, iiii. oile of Amber ℈. ss. of the spirit of vitrioll gutij, mixe them.

But if the conuuision shall come per conuulsio sympathiam by reason of great pain, let the paine be aswaged with such medicines as are declared in y^e chapter de dolore. And if it happē through the sharpnes of the poison and venemous shot, which oftentimes hap∣peneth to these wounds, thē you may vse these remedies which we haue set downe in the Chapter de venenatis vul. And if it happen through pricking or cutting of a nerue, which I haue seene often∣times to happen, not through the stroke of the shot taken (which ra∣ther bruseth the sinewes, then cutteth or pricketh them) but by the vns kilfulnesse of the Chyrurgion, in going about to take out the shot, or vse any incision, do oftentimes prick the nerues ouerthawrt, whereby conuulsion comes: especially if they chance to touch any of those which go to the muscles. In this case now, (that this dan∣gerous accident may be withdrawne) such medicines must be cho∣se••, which by the subtlenesse of their substance, may perce to the very bottome of the hurted nerue, and also digest aud aswage paine, as Galen lib. Artis med. doth teach. And contrariwise such must be eschewed as are raw and colde, and such as stoppe and hinder per∣spiration. Likewise Galen forbiddeth the vse of hot water, as a thing very hurtful to y^e wounded sinews, because they consist of cold, moist & cōiealed substance, the which being so, must needs putrifie and resolue by the applying of such thinges as are hot and moilt. And therefore hot water is hurtfull to them, although otherwise it greatly aswageth impostumation, whereof I admonish those which indifferently without any regarde, vse this remedy in these wounds by shot: for Galen writeth, in li. 6. meth. med. that rather oleum iasminum, & especially sabinum veterum, are moste profita∣ble for wounds of the sinews. He aloweth also turpentine & rosine, & likewise Sulphur viuum, in the same book is greatly commended of him in wounds of the nerues, in that it is of a subtill substance, & then it must needs follow that these oiles drawne chymically out

of turpentine, rosine, waxe, Sulphur, and sabine to be of a greater force, because by distillation they are made much more subtiller: and thereby they doo drie more strongly. The which thing Galen saith lib. 6. Meth. med. is to be obserued in puncturs of the nerues, for h••s words are these. Nerui vulnerati curatio medicamenta postulat, quae & tepidum calorem, ex••tent, & valenter (sine mole∣stia tamen) desiccare possint. Tum quae ex substantiae suae natura, & tra••end▪ vim habeant, & tenuim partium sint. And by y^• way this one thing is to bee noted, that these bodies which are strong, require stronger medicines, and such as are weake, weaker: by which reason this following may be vsed.

Take olei sulph. terebenth, olei sabinae & therebenth. ana ʒ ii▪ oile of eggs ℥ ss. mixe them, and apply them warme to the griefe.

Another.

Take oile of butter, and of rosine ana ʒii. olei cuphorbii distil∣lati and oile of iuniper berries ana ʒ ss. oile of turpentine ʒi. ss. oile of yelkes of egges ℥ i. mixe them: but if the griefe cease not by the application of the foresaid medicines, then the nerue is whole to be cut a sunder: whereof as Galen saith, comes no daunger, sauing onely the member shall euer after be maimed.

De paralysi.

The Palsie, or resolution of the sinewes (which oftentimes hap∣peneth to such wounds) must be cured by an apt di••t, and fit applica∣tion of inward and outward medicines: as fomentations, cata∣plasmes, lynaments, o••ntments, and such like. Some higher com∣mendeth oleum iasminum: olea saluiae, castorei, de lateribus, vul∣pinum and such like. And it will preuaile greatly, to vse the••e medi∣cines following.

Take aquarum lilii conuallii & florum lauendulae ana ℥ iiii. boile these perfitely with halfe a pound of sugar, and taking it from y^• fire, put therto olei succini flaui per descens distil. & rectified ℈ i. s. oile of sinamon and essence of sage ana ℈ ss make lozings thereof, and let the sicke vse thereof. And for a locall medicine, vse this fol∣lowing.

Oleum ad paraliso & Contracturas praecipium.

Take oyle of Hipericon lb. i. turpentine lb. ss▪ oyle. of bayes ℥ iiii oyle of spike ℥ i. Iuniper berries lb. ss. eastorie ℥ i. euphorbii ℥. ii.

Cloues, Mace, Nutmegges, Synamon, ana. ℥. i. ss. flowers of La∣uender, Sage, and cillij conuallij ana m. ii. Mastick, Myrrhe, Fran∣kensence, ana ℥ ii. Mumiae ℥ i. ss. Brocks grease ℥iii. digest th••m all for a moneth in horse doong, and then distill them according to art••, and annoynt the member hauing the p••lsie and crampe, for it is a most excellent remedie.

Of Sownning.

Syncope or sownning is a dangerous accident, and signifieth death to be not farre off, and is verie incident to these kinde of wounds, caused eyther through great fluxe of bloud, or els through vehement paine and griefe. The curation thereof is not to be neg∣lected, but the spirites and strength must be restored, by giuing some nourishment, made of iellie, expressions, distilled liquors, wine and spices. The ancients haue commended cordial powders, ex margaritis splend. ras. ebor. ex folijs auri & frag. pretio sorum. lap. which must be ministred in wine, or y^• sirop of Citr••ns. But we iudge the Tincture of gold and corall, or thessence of these pretious stones, to be of greater force: the reason whereof wee haue decla∣red in our booke, de mid. mineral. spagir. praepar. where also you shall find the order to prepare them.

De Gangrena & sphacelo.

We haue written of sundrie accidentes and inconueniences happening to these woundes, but yet there is none so pitifull and dangerous, as is Gangrena, which is a token of corruption draw∣ing on, which comes according to the opinion of Paul, eyther be∣cause the inflamation was not defended, are brought to suppurati∣tion, or else (as others iudge) when the aboundance of humours, with some euill, and maligne qualitie, doe choake and extinguish the naturall heate of the member, which happeneth in great inflama∣tions, and obstructions through the vse of Emplasters, which hin∣dereth perspiration, as before we haue noted: and whensoeuer a thinne and virulent quitture issueth, it is a manifest signe thereof, whereunto except present helpe be ministred, it is to be doubted, least the part corrupted and dead, will infect the partes adioyning next vnto it, and so to fall into mortification, the whiche they call sphacelus or sideratio, the which is knowne, if the member be wan or blacke: and doth appeare swolne, softe, and like death, and that

without anie beating of the arteries, and without paine & feeling, yea that a man may thrust in the in••ision knife, and neuer feele this mortified and dead member, must presently be cut off, so farre as it extendeth, and as for Gangrena, it must be cured p••esently, all o∣ther thinges layd aside, the which is done by drawing out the cor∣rupted bloud, frō the member by lancing, & applying of such medi∣cines, as bring to putrifaction, as y^• foresayd Paule hath taught the common Chyrurgions so soone as they haue scarified and launced the member, wash it straight with salt water, or salt and vineger. others vse Egiptiacum, which is alwayes to be had at the Apothe∣caries, and if the griefe mend not thereby, then they take stronger, as causticks, and suche as bring eschar, suche are trochisci An∣dronis and Arsnicke, and if great neede be, they seare the dead flesh from the quicke with a hote iron. Also these medicines following are very good for Gangrena, But first let the corrupted bleud be drawne out, & then washed with this lotion. Take soot ounce iiii. honie, ss ii. of vineger lb, boyle them to halfe, or this.

Take the iuice of radish & selandine ana oūce. ii. oyle of honie ℥ ss. the sower fleame of alome ℥ iiii. salt Peter ʒ ii. salte of soote, ʒ i ss. mix them for a lotion. Or els take the fleame of vitrioll and alome ana ℥ iiii. vineger ℥ ii. powder of y^e root of aristolochie ounce i. ss. salte of Tarter ounce i. Myrrhe ounce ss. camphere ounce ss. boyle thē all to∣gither, tillhalfe be wasted, & make a lotion which must be oft vsed.

Another for the same.

Take Tartar calcined white ℥ ii. ashes of eg-shels & Aristoloc. rootes, or of Uine twigs ana ℥ i. ss. salt niter, Camphere ana ℥. ss. phleme of vitrioll and alome ana lb. i. boyle them to halfe and make there of a lie, and vse it as aforesayd, the member being first sca∣rified, and then lay thereon this Cerote following.

Take waxe, ship-pitch ana ℥ iii. liquor of Myrrhe ℥ ii. colopho∣nie ounc i. ss. oyle of Whe••te, and eggs ana ounce ss. make a cerote according to arte, or els thus.

Take honie ℥ ii. Crocus martis, Crocus vener. ana ℥ss. powder of Myrrhe & Aristoloch. rotundae ana ʒ. ii. Camphere ʒ i. s. sower fleame of vitrioll ℥ iiii. boyle them to the thickenesse of an vnguent, and put thereto mercur. Precipitati ounce ss. and annoyntthe tentes or plegettes therewith, or els thus.

Take butter of Arsnicke fixed ℥ ii. mercur. Precipitati. ℥ ss. oyle

of myrhe ʒ iii. mixe them with honnie first, washed with the iuice of Selandine. There cannot be found a better remedie then this for the cure of Gangrena, so be it, that first you take away from the Arsnicke, all is venome, and blacke, naughtie and stincking furkes, which is done by fixing thereof, as shalbe t••••ght in our spagiricall Antidotary. For other wise I cannot allowe the iudgement of those which will y^t Arsnick crude and vnprepared to be vsed in Gangrena because it is a medicine corosiue, and putrifactiue, & through the euil and venomous qualitie that it hath, it destroyeth the substance of the flesh, and bringes it to a rotten and stincking deadlinesse, whiche is farre worse then Gangrena it selfe, wherefore by their leaue the vse thereof is verie dangerous, except first (as wee sayde before) it be rightly prepared. And shall not be amisse, in the meane while to lay thereon a Cataplasme made with the flower of Lupins oro∣bus lentils, and beanes, which may be boyled with oximell or the lye aforesayd. But and if all these medicines doe nothing preuayle, but by the foresayd signes, you perceiue that Gangrena will grow to sphacelus, then must you presently (if it may be) cut of the mem∣ber, so much that nothing that is corrupted remaynes: which some doe, without anie paine at all, with a threed made de Alumine plumae and dippid in the oyle of Mercurie sublymate, called of some, aqua infernalis. Others take it off w^t a sawe, & then seare it with a hote iron, and so by the aduise of Galen, they stop quickly the fluxe of bloud, driue awaie putrifaction and strengthen the member. After that the putrifaction is taken away, and the fluxe of bloud stayed, they vse such medicines as take away the scarre, as vnguent macedonicum, butter, and such like: and after y^t, such cure is conuentent as to other vlcers: but in the meane while, you may not forget to prescribe an orderly kind of diet, & such a one as is both slender and cooling, as bloud-letting, or any medicines, which clarifie y^• bloud if need shall require, neyther forbid such medicines as defend the heart, (the fountame of life) from all filthie and euill∣fumes comming from the sicke member to the same.

THE SPAGERICKE ANTIDOTARIE OF the preparation and making of medicines against Gunshot.

IT is an olde and true saying of the Poet. That there is nothing more imperious then an ignorant man, which thinketh nothing

well done, but what hee doth himselfe, which thing, as it may be seene in many other arts, yet most specially in this, which is called y^• Spagericke arte. For we see euery where certame men, I knowe not what they be, puffed vp with a certaine barbarous and foolishe pride, which with great scorne inuey against those medicines which are drawne out of the mettaline mines: Which notwithstanding, it is apparant were in vse and had in great estimation with the chiefe antient Phisitions, as we haue declared in that booke which we haue set forth of the spagiricke preparation of medicines. And what I pray you is the cause of this anger, or rather madnesse: but that (as they themselues confesse) they knowe not the preparation of them. O happie artes, if onely artificers might iudge them, (as Fabius is reported sometime to haue said.) Then are they vnhappy of whome the ignorant and vnlearned feare not so rashly to giue iudgement, which neuer yet vnderstoode from whence, or why, this is called the Spagiricke arte whiche learned men of two Greeke wordes haue so named, because by that arte, a certaine subtill and spirituall nature is drawne, gathered and pressed out, wherein the force and effect of the medicine doth chiefly confist. The great and incomparable commoditie whereof as it appeareth in many other diseases, so shall it chiefly be knowne in curing woundes by Gun∣shot. As I trust (God willing) it shall much more happily be tryed and found out by the preparations of medicines animall, vegetable, and minerall, and by other essences drawne out of mercurie, Sul∣phur. Ʋitrioll, arsenicke, Iron, Copper, Lead, and Litarge, and also out of Antimony and such other mineralles, as also out of y^e grose and fattie bodies of simple mettals: of whome it is farre off, that the force should be so great, although the antient Phisitions haue vsed them to cure woundes, and vlcers, (as their writinges doe te∣stifie) as the force of their spirites, which may be called, as it were their soules. But (peraduenture some of those backebiters wil say) why are not we content with those medicines which the learned antiquitie hath deliuered vnto vs, and that Hypocrates and Galen the antient pillers of our arte and others haue set forth in theyr mo∣numentes: Why doe we seeke new wayes neuer heard of before, specially vnknowne to the Apothecaryes: But some of vs will an∣swere, that the only remedie of Mercurie precipitate, is the onelie remedie (to passe ouer other) which verie lately they haue begun to vse, in curing of woundes by Gunshot and other maligne v••cers,

were sufficient to aunswere this their question, yea and to reproue their follie ioyned with intoller able pride. But if authoritie be asked for, I thinke Gesner, Guinter, Andernacke, Seuerine (to passe ouer a great many other) wil be for vs as great authoritie w^t the learned: as these slanderers. Specially because the learning of these famous men is so confirmed by their learned writinges and monumentes, that those toonges might count it a greater honoue vnto them to confesse themselues their schollers. It were easie for me to bring forth many other argumentes, if I did not see the fol∣lie of these backbiters to be so great, wherof truely I am ashamed, specially when I behold some of their books lately set forth, where∣in, contrarie to the purpose of the treatise, strange thinges are in∣farced, that (as the olde prouerbe saith) the oyntment seemeth to consist in nothing: as though they pertained to the purposed in∣treating of curing the gout, certain inuectiue digressions I know not what, of the beginning of thinges, of the originall of mettals & Philosophers stone (which of them is called Morosophocus) or did in any other poynt seeme to agree with it. Therefore againe and againe I am inforced to crie out. O happie artes if onely arti∣ficers might iudge of them. How farre vnlike was the purpose of many old men, the which if they were ignorant of any thing, which they vnderstood, was knowne of other, euen in farre distant coun∣tries, they spared no labour to goe see them. Plato inflamed with de∣sire to learne those thinges, which he knew not, went into Egypt, and after to Tarentum to Architas, and ouer all Italie to heare the other Pythagoricall Philosophers, Appollonius Tyanius tra∣uailed through the kingdome of Persia, and passed ouer the moun∣taine Caucasus, and visited the Albanes, Scythians, Massagetes, and all the rich kingdomes of India. Afterwardes was caried vn∣to the Brachmanes, and heard Iarchus in his chaire of gold dispu∣ting of the hidden causes of thinges, and of the hidden misteries of nature. From thence by the Elanutes, Babylonians, Chaldees, Meedes, Assirians, Arabians, and Palestines, he returned to Alex∣andria, and from thence went into Ethiopia to heare the Gymnoso∣phistes, and to learne their secret and hidden artes. This vertue is truely to be followed, and not the sluggishnesse of those slothfull followers, which hauing searse once moued their foote from their countrie fires, yet will disalowe this Spagericke arte, and thinke ••o further labour to be taken in searching of the trueth, when not∣withstanding

the arte doth make open vnto vs the marueilous and hidden secretes of nature: Neither in my iudgement are they vnworthely contemned of those which with their manifold peri••les and trauels haue sought out those secretes of nature. But I pray you, what foolishnes is this, to forbid vs to vse any other medicins then those which were known in old time: As though Rhabarbe, then which no medicine is more in vse at this day, thē were known to the olde Phisitions. Further to what purpose is it that they ob∣iect vnto vs y^e sulphurie metaline, & venomous stinckes (as they call them) by whose smell and drawne breath (for these are their contu∣melious words) they be almost strangled that come into the dennes of those Cyclops? But is it vnknowne vnto those slaunderers and sicophantes, that the olde Phisitions made verie many medicines of most filthie thinges, as of the filth of eares, sweate of the body, of womens menstrewes (and that which is horrible to be spoken) of the doong of man, and other beastes, spittle, vrine, flyes, mise, the ashes of an Owles head, the h••ues of Goates and Asses, y^e worms of a rottentree, and the scur••e of Mules, as may be gathered out of the writinges of Galen, Aetij, Aegineta, Diose. Plinius. Serap: to passe the metalines which it is euident they did also vse. Truely, when I consider with my selfe the pride of these fooles which dis∣daine this mettaline part of Phisicke (which after their maner con∣tumeliously they call Chymericam, and therefore can neyther helpe their owne nor many other diseases. I call to minde a storie perad∣uenture knowne vnto thē of Heraclito Ephesio, which being sick of a dropsie, dispising the helpe of Phisitions, annoynting himselfe ouer with Cowdoong, set himselfe in the sunne to drie, and falling a sleepe was torne in peeces of dogges: but these are more then suf∣ficiently answered vnto these scoles and slanderers. Nowe will I declare what is my purpose and scope in this treatise: verily to pre∣scribe plainely hereafter, not those thinges which are alreadie com∣mon, or (as it is commonly sayde) knowne to blinde men and bar∣bers, least I might seeme to imitate those which write rhapsodias and heapes, but the methode and way of preparing medicines by Spagericke arte, that pertaine vnto Gunshot, which I knowe are yet vnknowne vnto many Phisitions and Chyrurgions. And this I can truely confesse that I am induced for two causes to doe it. First to prouoke those that are better learned, if they haue any better medicines, to vtter them, as also that I might specially help

my countrie and mankinde: vnto the which (the more is the griefe) there is too much neede of those kinde of medicines in these moste lamentable and cruell times, wherein it hath so long bene bloudied with domesticall and Ciuell warres: but to encounter with their slaunders which crie out that these kinde of medicines doe not one∣le require long and diffic••le preparation, but also that they are so deare that euerie one cannot easily vse them. I haue thought good therefore first to set downe common medicines, and then to come to those which I doe farre more esteeme, as indeede they are farre more excellent then the other, as by their preparatiō you may know. Albeit also I haue determined to haue consideration of the poore and common souldier, and to set downe them apart that shall helpe the rich.

THerefore the Chyrurgions are to bee admonished that when they go into the warres that they take with them these things readie prepared, which are to be had at most Pothecaries.

• ...Suppurantîa.
  • Ʋnguentum Basilicum, of both sortes.
  • ...Vnguentum Macedonicum.
  • ...Tetraphramacum Galeni.
  • ...Vnguentum Resumpiiuum.
  • The emplaister of Mucilages, which may be dissolued with oyle
  • Oliue if neede be.
• ...Detergentia.
  • ...Vnguentum diapompholigos Nicolai.
  • ...Vnguentum viride Andromachi.
  • Emplastrum diuinum disolued with oyle of Roses.
  • ...Vnguentum Apostolicum Auicennae.
  • Vnguentum Egyptiacum of the same.
• ...Sarcotica.
  • ...Vnguentum Aureum.
  • ...Vnguentum ceraseos Mesuae vtrumque.
  • ...Emplastrum de Gratia Dei & de Ianua.
• ...Cicatricem inducentia.
  • ...Ʋnguentum de Minio.
  • ...Desiccatiuum rubrum.
  • ...Emplastrum de cerusa.
• ...Venenum attrahensia & res extraneas.
  • ...Ʋnguentum fuscum Nicolai.
  • ...

• ...
  • ... Ʋnguenta Magistralia of the Phisitions of Florens descri¦bed by Weckerus.
  • ...Ʋnguentum de calce viua.
• ...Repellentia & astringentia.
  • ...Ʋnguentumde b olo commune.
  • ...Ʋnguentum Rosatum Mesuae.

OR for the sayd intentions medicines may be made whiche neede no other then common preparations.

Suppurantia.

Take of newe Butter and Oyle, Oliue. ana ℥. ii. Wheate meale clensed from his bran, halfe a ounce, faire water ℥ iiii. boyle all to∣gether.

Or take the leaues of Tussilage and Mallowes, ana m. ii. rost them vnder ashes and mingle them with bitter.

Or take of the iuice of the roots of the Lillies first rosted vnder ashes. ℥ iiii. of the grease of a henne, goose or swine, ℥ ii. with the oyle of Linseede or Oliues, the yeolke of an egge and a little wax, make an oyntment.

Detergentia.

Take of honie ℥. iii. of beane meale, and barely meale ana ii. drams, boyle them with wine to the height of an oyntment.

Or take of Plantaine leaues, and Smalege ana m. i. red Roses. p. ii. red wine ℥ viii. boyle it to half: straine it and dissolue in it of red sugar ℥ ii. Turpentine ℥ i. Meale of Lupines and Orobus, ana ʒ i. Alloes and Myrrhe, ana halfe a drain, boyle it againe putting to so muche waxe as shall suffise to bring it into the forme of an oynt∣ment.

Or take of the iuice of Plantaine and Agrimonie ana ii. ounces, Rose honie, iiii. ounces, of the roote of Ireos and Beane Meale, ana halfe a ounce, mingle them toward the ende with Turpentine, i. ounce, make thereof an oyntment.

Sarcotica.

Take of Manna, of Frankinsens ana ii. drammes, of Meale of Fenegreke and Orobus ana ʒ i. let them be wrought with honie and the yeolke of an egge.

Or take of Sarcocolle dissolued in milke. ʒ iii. Masticke, Oliba∣num, ana ʒ i. Liquid pitche, and Turpentine ana i. ounce, mingle them and make on oyntment.

Epollotica.

Take of white chalke ii. ounces, of ashes of burned leather ʒ iii. worke them with oile of roses.

Or take of quicke lime so often washed in water, vntill it haue lost all his sharpenesse ii. ounces, of Terrae Armeniae i. ounce, boile them with oile of mirtilles.

Of burnt Lead, burnt Stibium, Cadmia Pompholyge may also be made medecines most fit for that purpose.

Advenenata vulnera.

Take of the iuice of Anagallidis purpureae, of Cyclaminis, ana i. ounce, Sulphur Ʋiue mingled with mans spit••e, ℥ ss. mingle them.

Or take of Litarge ii. ounces, Galbanum ℥ ss. Greeke pitch and turpentine, ana ii. ounces, oile as much as shall suffice.

Or take of oile iiii. ounces, of Sagapenum, Mumiae and Amber, ana ʒ iii. Frankinsens, Mastick, ana ʒ ii. the best Terrae Sigillatae and red Corall, ana ʒ i. pitch, ii. ounces, waxe as much as shal suf∣fice to make an ointment.

Or take two Onions, of the leaues of Vincae peruincae scabiosae Risini of ech a handful, rost them vnder the ashes, and put therto of treacle. ℥ ss. and with turpentine make an ointment.

Ad ambusta.

Take of the iuice of Onions rosted vnder ashes ii. ounces, oyle of Nuts i. ounce, mingle them togither.

Or take of the leaues of black Iuie stamped with plantaine wa∣ter m. ii. of oile i. pound, boile them togither with iiii. ounces of white wine, vntil the wine be consumed, then put to waxe as much as shal suffice to make it a salue.

Or take of lar•• molten in the ••lame ii. ounces, and poure it into the iuice of Beetes and Rue, the creame of milke i. ounce▪ Muci∣lege of the seede of Cidoniorum and Tragacanthe, ana ℥ ss▪ mingle them.

Repellentia, & sanguinem cohibentia.

Take of the iuice of the leaues of woodbind and of oken leaues, ana o••e ounce, red roses ʒ i. Boli Armenae and Sanguis Draconis, ana ʒ ii. oile of roses iii. ounces, wax as much as shall suffice.

Or take of the Pulpe of apples boyled in milke iii. ounces, of 〈◊〉〈◊〉, •••• the seeds of Psillij and Cydone, ana ℥ ss. of the iuice of Bursae Pastoris and Poligonum ana i. ounce, of Acaciae and San∣guinis

Draconis ana ʒ iii. of Terrae Sagillatae ℥ ss. oile of Mirtils, iiii. ounces, white waxe as much as shall suffice to make an oint∣ment.

BVt these medicines following are not so much vsed among the Apothecaries, neither knowne vnto the Chyrurgions, yet most profitable for wounds by shot, and all other whose fit preparation the Spagericke Art doth partly declare.

Suppurantia.

Take of the rootes of holy Oke, and Lillies, ana ℥ iiii. Beetes with the rootes m. i. fresh butter halfe a pound, wormes prepared in wine, ℥ iii. yolkes of egges 12. the marrow of a calfe, of turpentine ana v. ounces, oile Oliue clensed from the Pheces i. pound, stampe those that are to be stamped, mingle all well togither, and digest them in warme donge one moneth, after presse it out, and with a fire on ashes boile it to the substance of a salue.

Or take of the iuice of the herbe Tussilage and Oxalidis, ana iii. ounces, fat drie figges xx. Frankensence ii. ounces, rosen of the Larix tree i. ounce and a half, grease of a Goose and henne ana two ounces, fresh butter halfe a pounde, Olei visci pomorum compos. i. pound, al mingled togither, let them boile in a double vessell luted with LutoSapientiae for y^e space of sixe houres, & straine it warme, and set it againe in the sunne, or boile it to a fit substance: these me∣dicines do quickly moue matter, and are anodina verie commodious for wounds by shot.

Detergentia.

Take of the iuice of Centuarie & Selandine, ana, iiii. ounces, of hony iii. ounces, of flowers of Virbascum p. ii. of Frankensence, Myrrhe and Masticke, ana ℥ ss. oile of Turpentine vi. ounces, good white wine i. pound, putrifie them all in warme dongue, and boile them as before with a fire of ashes, vntil the wine and iuices be cō∣sumed, and it be brought to the forme of an ointment, then put to one ounce of this ointment ʒ i. of mercurie precipitat dulcified. If there be neede of greater clensing.

Or take Visci herbarum saniculae, Pirolae, Aristoloch. and Uin∣ce Peruince ana ii. ounces, of turpentine washed ℥iiii. Crocus vene∣ris ℥ ss. Balsami tartari ii. drams, Sulphuris antimoni i. dram and a halfe, set them vpon a fire of ashes vntill it haue the substance of a salue.

Sarcotica.

Take of Mucilage of the seede of Fenigrecke ℥ ii. of the iuice of houndes tongue, Persicaria and the great comferie ana ℥ i. and a halfe, oile of Franken••ence and Myrrhe, ana ℥ iii. oile of Hi∣pericon simple ℥ ii. turpentine washed with white wine ℥ ii. let them stand in the sunne, or at a soft fire vntil they wax thicke.

Vnguentum de paeto.

Take of the iuice of Petum i. pounde, turpentine v. ounces, of compound oile of Hipericon viii. ounces, good white wine halfe a pound, digest all viii. dayes, after seeth thē vntill the wine be consu∣med, then put to Colophoniae and wax, ana iii. ounces. Mumia and Amber ana ii. drams, melt them againe at the fire, and make an ointment according to art.

Take of the iuice of Paetum and comferie, ana iiii. ounces, oile of turpentine i. pound, flowers of Hipericon and Verbas••us, ana m. ii. apples of an elme tree, iii. ounces, the buds of the Poplertree, iiii. ounces, the spirit of wine i. pound and a halfe, digest all these in horse dongue, or in a warme bath in a glasse vessell well stopped one whole moneth, then wring▪ it out and straine it, and put to it of Frankensence, Masticke and Myrrhe, ana ii. ounces, Sanguis Dra∣conis, halfe an ounce, Mumiae, ʒ vi. turpentine halfe a pound, Ben∣iamin i. ounce, circulate them togither in a Pelli••ane viii. dayes af∣ter with a moderate heate distill away the spirite of wine, and there will remaine in the bottome a most pretious balme.

Cicatricem inducentia.

Take of burnt Allom i. ounce, Cretae vitrioli iii. drams, Crocus martis, Crocus veneris, ana ii. drams, mingle them & make a pou∣der which you may vse by it selfe, or mingled with hony.

Or take of Bole armenae prepared after our manner, ʒ ii. Calex of egshels ℥ ss. the iuice of vnripe Damascens iii. ounces, boile them with a soft fire to a perfite substance.

Ad Venena.

Take oile of Amber and turpentine, ana i. ounce, oile of Iuni∣per ii. drams, nettle seede and the roote of Gentian, ana ʒ ii. oile of Sulphur Vitriolat ʒ i. ss. redde Corall, i. dramme, mingle them togi∣ther.

Or take of the iuice of Pentaphillon, scabious and Rue ana ℥ ii.

Olei Sulphuris Rubei i. ounce, oile of myrrhe, ʒ ii. Colophoni and gum of Iu••e, ana ʒ vi. mingle them.

Ad Ambusta.

Take of larde molten and washed in water of nightshad two ounces, olei Saturni ℥ ss. mingle them.

Or take of the Iuice of the rootes of Henbane, and flowers of red Poppie, ana i. ounce, Sait peter ʒ i. Mucilage of Seminis Ci∣doniorum, ʒ iii. and with oile of Camphire make an ointment.

Repellentia & sanguinem cohibentia.

Take of Bole-armene prepared after the Spagericke manner, ii. ounces, Crocus Martis and Crocus veneris, ana i. ounce, mixe them with oyle of roses.

Or take of Colcotharis Dulcificuti, ashes of frogs burned, ana ℥ ss. mingle them with the white of an egge.

There be made other remedies for the foresaid intents, the ma∣king whereof we haue described in their proper places, which I commit to the iudgement of the skilfull Chyrurgion to vse wisely, as the disease and partie affected doth require. Now there rema••∣neth to speake of drinkes for wounds, before we teach the prepara∣tion of medicines.

De potionibus vulnerariis.

THese potions for woundes although they driue not out the hu∣mors downwards, yet preu••il they very much to clense wounds, because they clense superfiuous humors, and the blood from al filth, and by a certaine maruellous quallitie wherewith they excell, they knit the broken bones, & help the sinows that are hurt by wounds, and helping nature, they at last fill the wounds with flesh, and close them vp without vsing any other remedie: when as I saw in Ger∣many the maruellous, and almost incredible effect which came by y^e vse of these potions, euē in curing of desperate vlcers, I thought it not meete to passe ouer the mention of them, and that so much the rather, because I knew the vse of them in time past was allowed, but now through the negligence of Phisitions to be almost grown ••ut of vse. Also I haue experienced those potions to be taken not onely as medicines, but also as no irisments, and to helpe all the

passions and incommodities whereunto wounds are subiect. The simples whereof the medicines are made, are these.

• Cyclamin••s.
• Consolidae maior.
• Consolida media, quam
• Sophiam nonnulli
• vocant.
• 〈◊〉〈◊〉.
• Galanga.
• Ʋincaperuinca.
• Centaurium.
• Ophioglosson.
• B••tonica▪
• Ar••stolochia.
• Veronica.
• Agrimonia.
• Verbena.
• Serpentaria.
• Persicaria.
• Arthemisia.
• Lilium couuallium.
• Zedoaria.
• Pyrola.
• Sperma ceti.
• Cancri fluuiatiles.
• Nux vomica.
• Astaci.
• Mumia.
• Macis.
• Bolus Armena.

You shall much better draw out the strength of those simples 〈◊◊〉〈◊◊〉 sort, if you put them into a tunne of white must and digest them there two monethes, or if you cut the greene herbs very small, and wring out the iuice of them into a Pelicane, or blind Lunbeck, and circulate them 3. or 4. dayes in Balneo Marie. This last way is most conuenient for them that are forbidden the vse of wine, specially i•• they be wounded in the heade. The distilled wa∣•••••• of them be also good if they be taken dayly by themselues mor∣ning and euening with do••e and manner conuenient: Or if white wi••••e be delayed with them (if it be granted to the wounded) heere followeth the compositions of the vulnerarie potions.

Take of both Com••eties, Ʋeronica, Sowbread, ana m. i. Astacos purges 〈◊〉〈◊〉, iii. white wine two measures, circulate them in Bal∣neo, 3. dayes, straine it, and giue euery morning one spooneful.

Or take off the eyes of Crabs in pouder ℥ ss. Mumia, ii drams, Bole Armenae i. dram and a halfe, the herbes of Agrimoni Ophio∣glosson, Veronia and Sowbread ana, m. i. Sperma Ceti, ʒ i. infuse them in white wine all a night in Balneo, take of this two spoone∣fuls morning and euening if neede be, it putteth away the inflama∣tions very much, and helpeth the burning.

Take of Macis, the eyes of Crabs, Zedoarie ana ʒ iii. Mumia Galenga•••• the lesse ana ii. banis. Nucis vomica i. dram and a halfe, beate them grosely, and put them into a glasse vessell, powring

thereto of white wine i. measure and a hals••, ma••erate them in a so••t heate ii. da••es. The dose is one sppo••e full in the morning and as much at night. The force of this potion is so great, that it can∣not be sufficiently commended.

Take of the flowers of Vinca Peruinca, Lilium Conualium, ••••a p. i. Galanga, Zedoaria ana ii. drams Mumia, & Bole Armenia, ana i. dram, Sperma Ceti, halfe a dram, white wine two measures, di∣gest and circulate them in Balneo 4. dayes the dose is one spoone∣full morning and euening.

Take of Aristolochi, Sowbread, Adders grasse, both comfe∣ries, Gerami ana m i. Sanin M. ss. maces, Zedoariae, the eyes of Crabbes ana halfe an ounce, Mumia, Galingale the lesse, ana ʒ i. ss. being cut small and b••used, and the other thinges brought into a grose pouder, boile all in a double vessell 4. houres, with one mea∣sure of wine, vse it morning and euening. This medicine is much better then so many splentes wherewith many are tormented.

Take of flowers of Lilium Conualuim, Betonie ana p. ••. Galin∣gale, Macis, ana ʒ iii. Persicaria, Salend••ne, Vinca Peruin••a, Ve∣ronica & Centauri, ana M. ss. macerate them as before, and re∣serue them to your vse.

Take of the mice of Veruen, Betonie, Veronica ana ℥ ii. Sina∣mon wateri pound, macerate them.

Take of Bole Armeniae halfe an ounce of both the Comferies ana m. i. Galingale ʒ ii temper them with wine as aforesaid reserue them to vse. D••uers descriptions of potions may be made of the aforesaid simples, which I leaue to the iudgemēt of the expert Phi∣sition notwithstanding, this one thing I will adde, that the vse of them hath many oportunities to cure wounds by gun shot, as also the Canker, and all maligne, desperate, and eating v••cers, of all which the Phisition shall take very great profite, if he prepare the potions with the essence of the vulnerarie simples spagerically ex∣tract, as we haue taught in an other.

A briefe declaration of Spagiricall medicines.

FOr as much as now remaineth to declare the Spagericke pre∣paration of those simples which pertaine to the cure of wounds by gunshot, wee will vse the same method wee haue before vsed, whereby this our treatise may be the plainer.

Supuran tia sunt igitur & Anody∣na.

• Oleum ouorum.
• Oleum butyri.
• Oleum resinae.
• Ol. visci. pomoru compos.
• Oleum hyperisi simp••.
• Olea omniumaxung.

Deter∣gentia.

• Oleum myrthae.
• Oleum mastiches.
• Oleum tereointhmae.
• Oleum mellis.
• Viscus centaurij.
• Viscus vincoe peruincoe
• Viscus aristolochioe.
• Sal foecum aceti.
• Balsamus martis.
• Crocus vencris.
• Mercur. praecipitauis vul∣garis.
• Mercur. praecip. dulcific.
• Oleum guaiaci.
• Balsamus veneris.
• Balsamus Saturni.
• Balsamus tartari.

Sarcoti∣ca.

• Balsamus hyperici.
• Oleum thuris.
• Oleum sarcocollae.
• Oleum mannae.
• Viscus consolide vtrisque.
• Viscus cynoglossi.

Epulation

• Calx testarum ouorum.
• Calx testarum limacum.
• Bolus armenia praeparata.
• Alumen adustum & prepa∣ratum.
• Crocus Martis.
• Creta vitrioli flaua.
• ...
  quae etiam cicatrices decorant.
  • Ol. salis tartari.
  • Ol.talci.

Repel∣lentia & san guinē cohi∣bentia

• Oleum visci pomorum simplex.
• Oleum Martis.
• Crocus Martis.
• Crocus Veneris.
• Colcothar simplex.
• Colcothar dulcificatum.
• Bolus Armenia praeparata.
• Calx testarum ouorum.
• Calx testarum limacnm.

Adve nena.

• Butyrum arsenici fixum.
• Praecipitatus dulcificatus.
• Balsamus tartari.
• Oleum Mercur, corporale.
• Oleum antimonij.
• Oleum sulphuris vitriolati••

Ad Am∣busta.

• Oleum ouorum.
• Oleum lardi.
• Oleum butyri.
• Aqua gammarorum.
• Aqua spermatis ranarum.
• Aqua florū papauer. rubri.
• Viscus rad. hyoscyami.
• Oleum Saturni, eiúsque Sal.
• Oleum Lithargyri.

Attra hentia

• Viscus aristolochiae.
• Viscus corticis med. tiliae.
• Succinum praeparatum.
• Magnes praeparatus.

〈2 pages missing〉〈2 pages missing〉

uered foure fingers. Distill y^• vineger in Balneo M. and there will come forth a sweete liquor, then power on the vineger againe to di∣still, this do so long vntill it be no more sweete but sower, as when you powred it on first and so rise in the Limbecke. Then distill all in a strong fire by a Retort, and there will come forth a hot oyle, the commodities whereof can scarsly be declared.

After the same maner if you will you may distill all the salt of Tartar by a Limbeck: whereof you shall make a most excellent and wholesome oyle.

Vineger being distilled by a Limbeck, the pheces remaine in the bottome of the vessell which first dryed, afterward with a violent fire if thee be driuē out by a Retort, there wil come forth a very red and sharpe oyle, Then if you doe againe dissolue the dead head or pheces in warme water, filter, and coagulate it, the salt of vineger will rest in the bottome, the which is verie profitable for all eating vlcers.

Soote brought into fine powder, dissolued in distilled vineger in Balneo, and separating all the menstrue, that which remayneth in the bottome dissolue and coagulate againe so long till it come to a white salt, which in a moyst place will diss•••••• into oyle, very apt to cure the Gangrena and all maligne vlcers.

Bole Arinoniack made into fine powder dissolue it in the sowre fleame of Alum, then separate the fleame by Balneum and poure on other. Doe this three times, and then the Bole will be turned into a very fatte oyle whiche with a very softe fire is dryed and brought into powder, moste apte to staunch bloud wheresoeuer it breake out.

Take of Cloues beaten in powder one pound, simple water, or Aqua Vite which is better, vi. pound, infuse them to digest in Bal∣neo or doong iiii dayes, then put them in a Limbecke with his Re∣frigatorie, distill it according to arte, and separate the oyle from the water by a funnell, and keepe it for your vse. After the same maner shall you drawe the oyles of Sage, Iuniper, Amber, Turpentine, Myrrh, Frankensens, Sarcocolla, Maflicke and Euphorbium. We haue written another better way to draw oyles out of the foresaid thinges in the Spagericke prepararation of medicines.

Wheate being put into a Retort with the spirite of wine, digest it viii. dayes, then distill it with a violent fire, that which is distilled poure againe vpon the dead head, digest it againe & distil it againe,

if you reiterate this three times, there will come forth a most excel∣lent oyle for the Gangrena and Carcinomata.

Take of the flowers of Hipericon finall cut ii. pound, oyle of Turpentine i. pound, yeolkes of egges, 20. Aqua Vite halfe a pound, mingle them together and let it putrifie in hote doong one whole moneth, then wring it out and set it in the sunne two monethes.

After the same maner is the Balme of Ʋisci pomorum made or with oyle Oliue, first purified in Balneo.

Take of the flowres of Hipericon i. pound, of the Muslage of the roote of the great Compherie, iiii. ounces, flowres of Camo∣mill, Verbascum, ana pug. ii. oyle of egges and Turpentine, ana halfe a pound, Myrth, Frankensens, Masticke, Mumie, ana ii. oun∣ces, red sugar vi. ounces, putrifie all in doong one moneth in a vessel diligently stopped, then wring it out and circulate it in Balneo three dayes, afterward with a soft sire boyle it to the substaunce of a Balme.

Take of the leaues of the Misselto of the Apple-tree cut small ii. pound, put them into a vessell of glasse, putting there to buds of the Popler tree halfe a pound, oyle of the grease of a Badger and of Butter, ana iiii. ounces, Turpentine vi. ounces, oyle of wormes ii. pound and a halfe, good white wine ii. pound, digest all well stop∣ped in verie hote doong ii. Monethes, then presse it and circulate it, and with a soft fire boyle it, vntil the liquors be consumed, there can not be found a more excellent medicine to asswage aches & paines.

The iuice of the leaues and rootes of hearbes you shall purifie vntill it be cleare: powring it to so much Aqua Vite and digest it in Balneo in a glasse xv. dayes, then separated the water by distilla∣tion, and there remaineth in the bottome the slyme or mustage of the hearbes.

Steepe the leaues and rootes of hearbes in common water fil∣tred or that which is better, in white wine eyght dayes, then let them boyle three dayes with a soft fire vnder them. Then wring them out and purifie it, then boyle them with a soft fire, vntill they come to the thickenesse of honie which we call the slyme or muslage. By this rule you shall drawe out of both Comferyes Cynoglosso, Centaurie, Vinca peruinca, Aristolochie, the roote of henbane and the midle bark of Tillia their muslage very profitable for the afore∣said medicines.

Out of the flowers of red Poppie or their iuice▪ you shall drawe a water by a Limbecke very profitable to coole.

The salt of mans vrine hath anexcillent qualitie to clean••e. It is made thus. First the vrine is to be fiitred, then coagulated, af∣ter with distilled vineger dissolued, and againe coagulated this must be reiterated, three or foure times.

Melt waxe at the fire and boyle it with wine till it be consumed: doe it so long vntill it 〈◊◊〉〈◊◊〉. Take one pound of waxe thus prepared, Alum calcined halfe a pound, Sage leaues M. i. put all into a Li••beck, with his receiuer and distill it with a meane fire. First, there will come forth a grose oyle, thicke, hard, & white, which must be distilled againeos afore, and three times reuerated, and so you shall make an excellent oyle of ware for all griefes of the sinewes. In like maner is the oyle of Rosen and pitch made.

Out of honnie you shall first dr••we an excellent water by Bal∣neum, afterward you shall put vnto the dead head Or pheces that are left sand or flint stones calcined that the matter boyle not vp, which you shal driue out by a 〈◊〉〈◊〉 of glasse giuing fire by degrees and so you shall distill a yellowish ••••eare oyle tog••ther with a grose impure oyle. Let all digest againe foure or fiue dayes, after distill it againe by a Limbeck in sand, and there will come out a pure red oyle swimming vpon the water. This water is sowre almost ••ike vineger distilled, and is verie good against the Gangrena: but the oyle which burneth like Aqua Vite hath maruellous qualities spe∣cially if it be circulated certaine dayes with the spirite of wine: for the spirite being after separated, there remaineth a sweete oyle of pleasant fauour, good for woun••••s by Gunshot and eating vlcers.

Out of the Pheces which remaines is drawne a salt, first being calcined with a fire ••••••r••uerbe••ation dissoluing it with his proper menstrua or common water distilled filtring and coagulating it three times. It is good for all 〈◊〉〈◊〉 vlcers. This salt you shall mingle with his proper burning oyle according to arte, and you shall ••••ape greater commoditie thereof, then is lawfull to bee spoken.

Take of honnie not separated from his waxe ii. pound, Tartar made into powder i. pound, let them putrifie together in doong xv. dayes, and distill it by a re••ort, and there will first come a cleare water, then a yellowish, Put th•••••• againe vpon the dead head, and putrifie it againe other fifteene dayes, after distill it againe, and

this doe three times, and you shall haue an excellent oyle of home.

Take Butter first molten in white wine, & then distill it with a meane fire, & there will distill out an oyle greatly swaging pains and suppling. So shall you make oyle of Lard and of all greases.

Take 100. yolkes of Egges first sodden hard, put them into a Cucurbite, and make a fire by degrees, first there will come out a water, after a yellowish oyle swimming vppon the water, last a thicke oyle. The water is good for all spots in the face: the oyle to appease all griefes or aches.

Boyle Creuises in water of Orpine in a double vessel wel stop∣ped one whole day. After distall it, powring the water three times vpon the Feces, then let it be kept it is very good for inflammati∣ons, burninges and the Carcynomata.

The sperme or seede of frogges, is gathered in the moneth of March, and is distilled by a glasse limbecke: and thereof is drawne a water verie commodious for inflamations and burninges.

Eggeshels or the shelles of snailes are reuerberated in a sharpe fire iii. dayes vntill they be brought into a verie white Calce. But if they be sprinckled with vineger whilest they are calcined, the Calce will be the lighter and apter to worke his force.

Mercurie first washed and prepared, according to Gebers pre∣scription, dissolue with the double waite of common strong water, then distill it foure times and poure it so often againe vpon the Fe∣ces, and so it is brought into a very red powder, out of the which beeing reuerberate at the fire are drawne away the spirites of the strong water, whiche otherwise would moue great paine. But it were better if it were washed with the fleame of Allum & vineger distilled, and the water of Egges, for by that meane, the sharpnesse is taken away.

But it is better to prepare Mercurie with often sublimations, and to fixe it beeing quickened againe and purged from his filthie earth and superfluous humiditie with the water which we haue de∣scribed in the booke by me published of the Spagericke preparati∣on. But if all men doe not vnderstand that description for the dark wordes of Arte, it shall not be incommodious to fixe the Mercurie with common strong water three times powred on and drawne a∣way, and to bring it into a red powder, and that with a sufficient violent fire, that all the sharpenesse and venome of the m••nstrew, may be drawne away, which shall much the better be done if this

water following be mingled with it, and by often distillation sepa∣rated.

Take of distilled vineger ii. pound & a halfe of the fleame of Al∣lum i. pound and a halfe, Calxe of Eggeshels vi. ounces, distill all till it be drie. Take of this water iii. pound, of Mercurie precipi∣tate as afore i. pound, mingle all well according to Arte, distill it by a Limbeck powring the water againe vnto the Feces three times. Last of all driue all out vntill it be drie, and there will remaine a powder in the bottome which grinde vpon a marble and put it into a Limbecke, powring on the water aforesaid, which you shall three times distill from the Feces as afore. Lastly the Mercurie precipi∣tate must be circulated with the alcole of wine 24. houres. Thē di∣still away the spirite of wine that the matter may drie, then poure on newe againe and circulate it and distill, as afore, and that doe foure or fiue tunes, and then you haue attayned the perfect prepa∣ration of Mercurie, whose qualities cannot be sufficiently commen∣ded in the curing of sundrie diseases, specially of the Poxe, whether it be taken by mouth or applyed to the place grieued.

Make Amalgama with foure ounces of Mercurie crude, and one ounce of the best time. Spread this vpon a plate of Iron, and set it in a moyst place, and all will dissolue into oyle, it is also made with Mercurie alone, and a plate of Time.

Mercurie as the maner is three times sublimed with salte and vitrioll, at the last is mingled with the like portion of salt Armo∣niacke, and againe sublimed three or foure times, all that subli∣mate is dissolued into oyle, out of which the spirit of the salt Armo∣niacke is to be drawne away, circulating all with the essence of wine and distilling it so long vnt••ll the oyle haue lost his heate and sharpnesse and the Armoniacke be separated.

It is also reduced by it selfe into an oyle with a verie soft heate of an Athanor by long distance of time.

Sublime Mercurie so often with the simple Calce of▪ egges well prepared vntill it be vtterly extinct. To this mixture poure vineger d••stilled alcolerated, that it may couer it foure fingers, di∣still the liquor from the Feces foure or fiue times vntill the Mer∣curie be come into a very red powder, whiche you shall circulate with the alcoole of wine in a Pellican eight dayes, seperate the al∣coole by a Limbecke, and there will remaine in the bottome the moste pretious and sweete Balme of Mercurie. It healeth all

desperate vlcers and also carunculam in v••sica, and greatly hel∣peth these woundes by Gunshot. All other preparations of Mer∣curie and the maner of vsing it you shall gather out of the booke which we lately set forth.

Vpon the filinges of Iron often washed with salt water, poure sharpe vineger that it may couer it foure fingers, set it vpon warme ashes eight dayes euery day moouing the matter and separating the vineger which will be coloured and powring on againe newe, and that so long till the vineger be no more coloured, which being vapoured away take the powder that remayneth in the bottome, and subblime it with like portion of Armoniacke: the same subbli∣mate you shall ret urne againe so often vppon his Feces and sub∣blime it again vntil there appeare the colour of a Rubin: then cast all into scalding water, that the salt may dissolue them by and by put to cold water, and the Balme of Mars will rest in the bottome like the Calx of gold. Poure away the water and put to freshe againe that the Balme may be made sweete.

Of this with the spirit of wine alcolizat by circulations, you shall make a red oyle most excellent for all inward Hemerodes or issues of bloud, and to strengthen the bowels if one drop be mixed with conserue of Roses or Comferie or giueu with wine.

The filinges of Iron first well washed, you shall calcine with the flower of Sulphure or dissolue with strong water, then poure on very sharpe vineger, and set it on a warme place certain dayes, then reuerberate it with an open fire, as Arte commaundeth, one whole day gathering alwaies the flowres which remaine aboue, vntill all be conuerted into a very red and light powder.

After the same maner, you shall make the Balme, oyle and Cro∣cus of Copper, out of the which, with the sowre fleame of vi∣trioll, circulating all artificially, you shall draw a blewshing vitrioll whose qualities we haue described in another place.

Out of Saturne calcined is drawne a sweetish salt in Balneo with distilled vineger powring it so often vppon the Feces vntill it draw no more. The menstrew euaporated, the salt remayneth in the bottome which by often dissolutions and coagulations is made Christaline: and afterward easily dissolued into oyle being set in a moyst place. But if you circulate this Christaline salt in a Pelli∣••••n with the alcoole of wine 15. dayes, and after take away the

menstrew by distillation, and put to new wine, and circulate it pu••∣ting to a fit dose of christaline salte of Tartar, you shall make a Balme sweeter then sugar, which wil marueilously preuaile against all maligne vlcers and diseases of the eyes.

Decoct Antimonie made in powder with a capitall lye prepa∣red of Tartar calcined, and Sope ashes and quicklime, the space of one houre, then let it coole, pouring vpon it a little Vineger, and there will appeare a certaine rednesse swimming vpon: which you shall gather: then againe let it boyle for one houre or two: againe let it coole and gather that which swimmeth vp. Doe this so often vntill there appeare no more rednesse. For it is the sulphure of Antimonie whiche dried at a softe fire, you shall keepe to good vses.

Mingle Antimonie with sugar and alum, and put all into a Re∣tort of glasse: make a soft fire for foure or fiue houres, afterward increase it, and there will come out an oyle red like bloud: It is also done with Mercurie sublimate: but great heede is to be taken least anie error be committed in the degree of fire.

Boyle sulphure prepared with oyle of Lynseede with a verie soft fire, and it will be like bloud congealed. Let the matter coole, put it into a Retort and giue it fire, and there will distill out of a verie red oyle of sulphure. It is also done, if you mingle bran with your sulphure and distill it.

Take of sulphure Viue P. i. with which mingle with a soft fire, so much pure vitrioll molten that it may be one body. Distill this by a discensorie, and there will descend a red oyle▪ into the receiuer.

If one pound of the flower of sulphure be mixed with two or three pound of oyle of Turpentine in a drye heate, the flowres will dissolue into a red oyle. Then the menstrew rightly and artificially separated, circulate the Rubin of sulphure with the Alcoll of wine eight dayes, and you shall haue oyle of sulphure that hath the quali∣ties of the naturall Balme.

The sowre oyle of sulphure, is made of sulphure by setting it on fire, and hanging ouer it a Bell or a large glasse head, to keepe the vapours which are conuerted into that sowre oyle.

Put vitrioll beaten into powder into a Cucurbite giuing it a fire of the second degree, and there will issue a sowre water which is called the fleame of vitrioll.

Take the Feces which remaine in the bottome of the vessell which is called Colcothar, stampe that, and if you mingle flintes with all with a violent fire, there will come out a red oile.

It is also made with the simple Colcothar driuen out with a violent fire three dayes space, and the••e will come forth a verie hot oile, which is made sweete by circulation with the sp••rit of wine Tartarizated.

But if the Colcothar be dissolued in warme water, and the red∣nesse in it separated, and the water euaporated, the Colcothar will remaine sweetish: that which remaineth, the rednesse being taken away is called Creta Vitrioli.

But if Vitrioll be drawne by the ninth a Limbeck powring on alwayes the liquor vpon the dead head, and after circulating all by the space of eight dayes. You shall haue the spirit of Vitrioll verie profitable for many things.

The fleame of Allum is made like the fleame of Vitrioll.

But Allum is prepared if the fleame be fiue times powred vpon the Feces, out of which it was drawne and distilled: last of all driue out all the fleame vntill it be drie.

Make brine of salt, into which cast hot burning stones, that they may be imbybbed, those stones so imbybbed, put into a Retort, gi∣uing fire by degrees, there will come forth a very hot oyle of salt.

I said before, that there was great force in Butyro Arsenici fixo, to cure all venemous and maligne vlcers, it is made in this manner. Mingle Christaline Arsenick first subblimed with onely Colcothar (which doth keepe backe his poison) with like waight of salt of Tartar and salt Peter, put al into two glasses, and fixe it, giuing fire the space of xxiiii. houres, first very gentle, then of the highest degree. You shall finde the matter very white fixed, resem∣bling the colour of Peerles, which dissolue in warme water that you may draw the Alcoly from it. And the powder which remai∣neth unbybbe with oile of Tartar, or of Talcum, which is better, & drie it at the fire, and do this thrise. Againe dissolue the matter in warme water that you may take away his salt, and there will re∣maine a very white pouder and fixed, which will dissolue in a moist place into a fate oile, which is anodinum like butter.

Out of Talcum rightly and artificially calcined, is drawne the spirite with distilled vinegar. This is dissolued into a precious

oyle being set in a moist place.

Take of the iuice of Aristolochia Rotundae, and Sanin, ana ℥iiii. Serpentariae ii. ounces, spirit of wine one pound, circulate them first the space of xxiiii. houres, then distill them, of this water take one pound of elect Magnes made into pouder iiii. ounces, circulate them togither, and distill away the water from the Feces, reiterate this three times, and by this meanes you shall obtaine the preparation of Magnes.

But because (as we haue said) y^e noblest parts are to be strength∣ned, and the heart the principall organ of life, must alway be defen∣ded, these preparations following are to be vsed.

Take of Theriacae of Alexandriae ii. ounces and a halfe, the best Myrrhe i. ounce and a halfe, Saffron ii. drams, the spirite of wine vi. ounces, mingle all these, and in ashes with a very soft fire distill it, circulate that which is distilled in Balned eight dayes, and then distill it againe. This water hath a excellent qualitie against the plague and al venemous things, and doth maruellously strengthen the heart.

We haue shewed the extraction of the Tincture of golde, Co∣rals, naturall Balme, and the essence of Perle in the booke which I wrote of preparation: now resteth for vs to speake of the golde of life, which all shall know to be the most excellent and extreame medicine in cuting all diseases, which do but consider the singular excellencie of gold in the cure of the leprosie.

Aurum vitae is made many wayes, for being calcined after the Spagerick manner it is made light and spungcous, which cannot be reduced again, from which with distilled vinegar it is drawn the salt in Balneo, whose qualities by circulations with the spirit of wine are so increased, that they seeme to be incredible for the curing of innumerable diseases.

Calcine gold made into thinne plates so oft with salt preparate (by a Philosophicall calcination) vntill it be made vnpalpable, the salt by dissolutions being seperated from the Alcoole of gold, then calcine it againe with very white sugred salt, and to this mixture powre of the spirite of wine alcolyzat with his proper salt. Accor∣ding to the precepts of arte that it may couer it ouer onely foure fingers, then set on fire that the alcooll may burne: and this you shall do oftentimes, then powre on new alcooll of wine, and cir∣culate

all rightly and decently the space of foure dayes. Then se∣parate the menstrew with compotent distillation, and powre on new againe, circulating and distilling as you did before, so often vntill all the substance of golde bee carried out of the Limbecke: The menstrewe being separated as it ought, the golde of life will remaine in the bottome, the most excellent and best of all secretes.

Omnibussed pancis luceo.

FINIS.

Notes

• Signes of poi∣son gathered togither.
• Signes of A∣dustion ga∣thered toge∣ther.
• Hip. lib. Epid. A∣phor. 3.
• The order of dyet.
• Of the aire.
• Of meate and drinke.
• Met. 4. cap. 6.
• Of purgation to be vsed•••• these wounds.
• Hippoc. in his booke of vl∣cers.
• Vide Oribas, lib. 7. cap. 22.
• Clyster. Emolliens.
• A conuenient ••otion for the Phlegmatike.
• A potion for the Cholerike
• Let the Phisi∣tion cōsider of this medicine
• A potion for melancholie.
• A potion fit to cuacuate all malignant humours.
• Seuenth book of remedies, Chap. 5.
• Lib. 8. cap. 30.
• Of burnings.
• Tetr. 4. Seem. 2. Cap. 26.
• Or••b. sinosp. lib. 7. cap. 6. Paul. lib. 4. cap. 11.
• Of woun••s in in the head with fracture of the skull.
• Aegin. lib. 6. cap. 90. quo loco expres∣sionem de∣pressionem.
• Lib. de vuln. cap.
• Signa & in∣dicia.
• Signes of death.
• Woundes of the face.
• Caragmati∣cum, Querce∣tam.
• Lib. 5. cap. 109.
• Conuulsion through emptinesse.
• Conuulsion of fulnesse.
• Conuulsio per sympathiam
• Lib. 6. meth. med. cap. 3.
• Lib. 4. cap. 19.
• Signa spha∣celi.
• Gal. simpl. 10. cap. 18. 9. 10. 12. 13. Act Tetr. 1. serm. 2. cap. 110. Aegin. libr. 7. Dioscorid. lib. 2. cap. 90. Mercell. ca. 4. & 26. Plin. libr. 28. cap. 4. & 15. Serap. simpl. cap. 453. & 466.
• Another of our descrip∣tion.
• A vulnerarie potion to be giuen the first seuen daies.
• Potions to be giuen other times of the griefe.
• A potion apt for poysoned woundes by Gunshot.
• A potion Vol∣nerary, where the bone is broken with Gunshot.
• A potion for the wounds of the head.
• A potion for woundes of the breast. For woundes of the sto∣macke.
• Oyle of vine∣ger.
• •• it of vine∣ger.
• Salt and oyle of soote.
• The prepara∣tion of Bole Armenae.
• Oyles of spi∣ces, teares. woodes, and gummes.
• O••le of wheate.
• The simple Balme of Hi∣pericon.
• Balsamus visci pomo∣rum.
• The com∣pound balme of visci po∣morum.
• Howe the slime or mu∣slege is drawn out of hear b••.
• Another me∣thod.
• Salt of vrine.
• Oyle of wax.
• The water and oyle of honie.
• The salt of honie.
• Another oyle of honie more pretious.
• Oyle of butte•• and lard.
• Oyle of yolles of Egges.
• Water of Cre∣uises.
• VVater of the sperme of frogges.
• Calx of Egge shelles and Snailes.
• The common Mercurie pre∣cipitate.
• Mercurie pre∣cipitate fixt and dulcified most profita∣ble for the cure of woundes.
• Oyle of Mer∣curie corpo∣rall.
• Oyle of Mer∣curie subbli∣med.
• The balme of Mercurie.
• Basamus ma••¦tis.
• Oyle of Mar••••
• Crocu••rs to is.
• The balme oyle, Crocus & vitriolum Veneris.
• Salt of Sa∣turne.
• Oleum S••∣turni.
• Balsamus Saturni.
• Sulphure of Antimonie.
• Oyle of An∣timonie.
• Oyle of Sul∣phure.
• Oile of sul∣phur vitrio∣late.
• Oyle of Sul∣phur terebin∣thinat.
• Sower oyle of Sulphur.
• The fleam•• of vitrioll.
• Oile of V••∣trioll.
• Another ways
• Colcothar dulcificat or creta vitrioli.
• Spirite of vi∣trioll.
• Fleame of al∣lome and the preparation.
• Oile of salt.
• Butyrū, Arse∣nici fixum.
• Oyle of talc••.
• The prepara∣tion of Mag∣••••••▪
• ••ordialls.
• The composi∣tion of a the∣ciacall water.
• Aurum vite.
• Another Au∣rum vite more pretious.