The three orations of Demosthenes chiefe orator among the Grecians, in fauour of the Olynthians, a people in Thracia, now called Romania with those his fower orations titled expressely & by name against king Philip of Macedonie: most nedefull to be redde in these daungerous dayes, of all them that loue their countries libertie, and desire to take warning for their better auayle, by example of others. Englished out of the Greeke by Thomas Wylson doctor of the ciuill lawes. After these orations ended, Demosthenes lyfe is set foorth, and gathered out of Plutarch, Lucian, Suidas, and others, with a large table, declaring all the principall matters conteyned in euerye part of this booke. Seene and allowed according to the Queenes Maiesties iniunctions.

The Argument vpon the first Ora∣tion of Demosthenes in fauour of the Olynthians, a people in Thracia, now called Romania.

PHILIP King of Macedonie, sonne to Amyntas, and father of Alexander the great, did much an∣noye the lande of Greece, but especially the people of Athens, frō whom by force and other meanes, he tooke many goodly Cities, as Pydna, Potydaea, Amphipolis with others, vsurping in all places where violence might preuayle. Yea, he brought by extreeme hande whole Thessalia vnder his yoke, and being growne insolent through many victories and conquestes of priuate Countries and Cities, he determined at the last to denounce open warre against the whole Countrie of Athens, and yet before he would fall into so playne a quarrell with them, he drew into his league the Citie Olynthus, being in the Countrie of Thracia, now called Romania, standing somtimes betwixt Abdera and Heraclia, a warre∣like plat and a martiall soyle next adioyning to Attica, the people whereof were Grecians of Chalcis in Euboia, a colonie of the Athenians. Now these Olynthians had earst bene at warre aswel against the Athenians as also a∣gainst the Lacedemonians, whose valiantnesse king Philip knowing, and desirous to haue them matche with him, hee sought by great giftes of Townes vnto them, which he had gotten from the Athenians and others, to make them assured to his part, bicause he might haue a more easie pas∣sage to Athens, a thing that he desired aboue al others. For hauing that, he thought it nothing to gette all the countrie of Grecia elsewhere whatsoe∣uer, being his full minde to make a plaine conquest of all Grecia if it were possible. The Olynthians herevpon perceyuing his ambicious nature, and smelling thereby that he was sharpely sette to be Lorde ouer all: weying also how vnfaithfull a man he was otherwise in all his doings: toke their time in his absence, and dispatched an Ambassade to Athens, to be confe∣derate with them, contrarie to their league made before with King Philip, with whome they had agreed to sette vpon Athens, and to haue ech with others like friendes, and like foes togither. Which thing when king Phi∣lip vnderstoode, he tooke herevpon iust aduauntage to fall out with them and so forthwith proclaimed open warre against them. Whervpon the O∣lynthians sent to Athens for succour, whose cause Demosthenes fauouring as one that did full well perceyue the insaciable ambition of King Philips

nature, perswaded earnestly that ayde shoulde be sent vnto them, bicause the safetye of Olynthus was (as a man woulde saye) a bulwarke or forte to Athens against Macedonie: and that King Philip coulde neuer annoye them so long as Olynthus stoode safe and sure. Whereas on the other side the Athenians might at pleasure pierce into Macedonie, and handle him hardly in his owne countrie. But if King Philip once got O∣lynthus, he had then an open entrie and a very playne passage to Athens. And to encourage his Countrie men the better in this quarrell, hee sayth that King Philip is not so mightie, but he may easily be dealt withall con∣trarie to the common opinion.

Further he willeth monye to bee leuied and taken out of the common treasurie, perswading, that where as it was wont to bee bestowed vppon Stage playes, Maygames, and publyke sightes, now the time serued that it might be better employed vpon Souldiers for their wages to defende the afflicted Olynthians, and to maintaine the safegarde of Athens. But bi∣cause the maner is vnknowne to many how the Athenians vsed and dis∣pensed their treasure at that time: it weare not amisse to touch it briefly. When the Athenians heretofore vsed no Theater or scaffolde for the peo∣ple to stande vpon, but such only as was made of boardes, into the which euery man made haste to get a place, to see those sightes that weare there to bee seene: many times when their scaffolde fayled, they did hurt them∣selues, and sometimes they went togither by the eares, so that manslaugh∣ter followed for want of order, while euery man sought to place himselfe first, that first could get vp, wherevpon proclamation was made, that none hereafter shoulde haue any place there, except they first payde out of hand two halfe pence of that coyne, for their standing, being about two pence star••ing, and so they should be placed, of the which money, part was gi∣uen for the building of the Theater of stone, where the playes and open shewes shoulde be made and set forth: and part was bestowed vpon of∣ficers appointed for these pastimes. And when the collection monye fay∣led, the Chamber of Athens did beare the reast for maintenaunce of their costly feasts and seuerall games to the great and intollerable charge of the Citie. And least the poore should be thought hereby to be kept backe, and to lose those sights for want of mony: it was ordered that they shoulde haue two halfe pence deliuered vnto them out of the common reuenewes and treasurie, to paye for their standings. Nowe this custome grewe so great that all the reuenewes of Athens, weare altogither consumed and wasted vpon such vnnecessary vses, in spending this waye and that waye, so that men had the lesse minde to serue their Countrie, no money being left in the treasurie, nor rewarde remayning for seruice and traueyle to be done, eyther at home or abrode. For whereas Souldiers and men of warre

had their pensions and annuities giuen them before time out of the trea∣surie for their good seruice done: those that taried at home did now con∣sume the same altogither vpon setting forth of those Pageants, royall ban∣quets, reuels, and other such toyes, for the peoples comfort, pastime and delite. And besides this, there was a lawe made by Eubulus that none vp∣pon paine of death shoulde giue councell to employe the common trea∣sure otherwise than vpon stage pastymes, common feastes and games, to the great discouragement of all souldiers and good meaning men, that hoped to haue rewarde for good seruice doing. And here wee must note by the waye that the custome among the Athenians was to hang vp a Ta∣ble nigh to the Pulpit or place where the Orator spake, conteyning the matters to be entreated of, and when that thing should be passed that the Orator perswaded, the maner was that the Orator shoulde subscribe to the Table, which made a very absolute maner of establishing anye decree a∣mong them, and was called in Greeke 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, that is, to write. And when so euer the Orator did presume so to vnder write or set his hande to the Table in capitall causes wherevnto the people, when he had done, did not giue their consent and agreement (which was called 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, of the which the whole thing being decreed was called 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 a decree:) thē shoulde that Orator be in great daunger, if his decree did any thing de∣rogate to the lawes, or weare in any poynt contrarye to the order of de∣crees to bee made. For which cause Demosthenes being very warie in this behalfe, not to wade ouer deepely for feare of displeasure, vseth great cunning and sleight both to saue himselfe from harme, and to doe his Countrie good, for the better employing of this monye, perswading that the same Theater monye might better bee conuerted and made Souldiers fees, and the contribution to be rather for common profit and honor, than for common pleasure and vaine pastime, being neuer yet so hardie to vn∣derwrite the tables for the enacting of any new decree in the matter, con∣sidering the perill that did depende therevpon, if the people did not like it, after it was vnderwritten, and enacted by the Orator, but giues them only to vnderstand, that in his opinion, the very auncient order was to employ it vpon Souldiers, and that this their maner of spending it, was but an abuse.

Last of all, he willeth them to sende forth their owne Countrie people, and not to vse the onely seruice of Mercinarie foreiners, and hyred straun∣gers, for that by those meanes they haue heretofore susteyned great losse and hinderance in the chiefe of their affayres. And to make this Oration more plaine, I will by a diuision somewhat enlarge and iterate my speach for the better vnderstanding of Demosthenes Arte and wisedome: Three causes hindred Demosthenes from getting the Athenians to helpe the O∣Olynthians,

[ 1] first that the warre was not domesticall, nor proper to Athens, but forreyne, with the which kinde of warre the Athenians woulde not [ 2] seeme to deale. Againe, that they had no monye ready to maintaine these [ 3] warres. Thirdly, that King Philip was ouergreat, and therfore very daun∣gerous for them to deale withall. All these things Demosthenes doth cun∣ningly handle, and first sayth that the warres doe appertaine to them, bi∣cause it is for their honor: vnto the which all men are caried by nature, for by this ••••anes, they shall make an entrance to aduaunce that principalitie, the which they seke ouer all Greeceland: Againe, he driueth them through necessitie to take this matter in hande, for else King Philip will pierce A∣thens, if the Olynthians be not presently ayded.

For monye he sayth they haue ynough, if they will turne the ydle ex∣penses of the Theater charges, to the necessarie paye of the warres.

Thirdly, he weakneth King Philips force, by rehearsall of diuers things and deedes in perticularitie. And the two especiall points of the whole O∣ration, are these, profite and habilitie. Proouing by the first, with manye reasons that their gaine and honor shall be great therein, if they take these warres vpon them: by the seconde hee sheweth, both what their owne proper force is, and what strength the enimy hath, whose power he weak∣neth by all the cunning meanes hee can, the rather to harten his Countrie men against him. The cunning that Demosthenes vseth in this Oration is very great, and not easie for all men to conceyue, except they be very attentiue to obserue and followe the order and skilfull handling of this matter. And thus I haue bene the longer to dilate this argument, bi∣cause I would make it the playner.

¶The first Oration of Demosthenes chiefe Orator in Athens, in fauour of the people and Citie of Olynthus, in the Coun∣trie of Thracia, nowe called Romania: against king Philip of Macedonie, who sought the distr••sse of the sayde people and Citie.

I Do verily beleeue (O Athenians) you had rather thā a great deale of money, you were wel assured, and out of all doubt, what thing were best for the good estate & welfare of the Citie, in those matters which you do presently consult vpō. And séeing it is so, it is reasō, you should glad∣ly giue thē y^e hearing, that are willing to giue you their councel. Neither, if one come forth with some good matter studied for, & prepared before hand, ought you to giue eare to that only, & take it in good part: but I take it to be a péece of your good luck, y^t many a néedefull poynt, should come into some mans head, vpon the sodaine to speake of. So shall it be no hard matter for you, out of them all to vse choyse of the best and most profitable. Wherefore (O Atheni∣ans) this present time euen verie now warneth vs with open mouth, to go in hand with those affayres our selues: if you haue any regard of your own safetie. Marrie then what maner of minde we séeme to haue to them, I know not: Once mine opi∣nion is, that there weare an ayde decréed vpon out of hand: and the same to be readie with all spéede, to the intent the ayde may

be of men euen out of this towne, and that you commit not the lyke fault nowe, as you haue done heretofore. And that there weare Ambassadors dispatched, both to aduertise them hereof, & also to be present with them at their doings. For this is great∣ly to be feared, least king Philip being a subtile man, and bea∣ten with practise of doings, partly by yéelding and giuing ouer his owne right if néede so require, partly by threatning, (which if he doe, it is likely that he shall be beléeued) partly by blaming vs, and our absence, and the delaying of our matters: do quite and cleane ouerturne and dashe some thing, wherein the force of all our dooings lyeth. Howbeit, this falleth out very well (O Athe∣nians) that wherein king Philip séemeth most inuincible: there∣in haue you most aduauntage of him. For, that he being but one man is Lorde of all, as well secrete as open matters, and with∣all, chiefe Capitaine, Maister, and Treasurer, and that he is present euery where with his army himselfe: these be poyntes in déede, that for the doing of his Marciall affayres with spéede, and in good tyme, make verie much with him: But as to those attonementes which he would gladly make with the Olyn∣thians, they make cleane against him. For it is manifest to the Olynthians, howe that they are not now at warre with him for Honour, or parcell of theyr lande: but for the safegarde of theyr Countrie from destruction and thraldome. Neyther are they to learne, how he hath vsed himselfe towardes the Am∣phipolitanes, who gaue ouer their towne vnto him. And like∣wise howe he handled them of Pydna that receyued him into them.

And altogither (as I take it) the gouernment of ty∣ranny, is a thing to be mistrusted of frée states: especially when they are neighbours and border togither.

Now these things (O Athenians) being knowne to you, and all other things that be requisite, well considered: me thinkes you ought to sette to, your good willes, your heartes, and your mindes wholy vpon the warres, and if at anye tyme else, nowe especially: as well in making a chearefull contribution of mo∣ney, as in setting forth in your own persons, & leauing nothing

vndone. Neyther haue you any thing to pretende or alleage to the contrarie, why you should not doe your dutyfull endeuour. For why, the thing that you all talked so much of, how it should be requisite to make the Olynthians enimies to king Philip: you sée it is now come to passe of it selfe, and that in such sort, as better it could not haue fallen out for your purpose. For had they taken the warre in hande through your perswasion, there had bene no great holde to bée taken of their league, and they woulde haue tarryed but a while in that minde perhappes: but nowe séeing they be enimies for these quarrelles that he hath to them: it is likely that they will cōtinue this enmitie still, as well for those iniuries which he hath alredy done them, as for those which they feare he wil do. And therfore ye ought not (O Athe∣nians) to let go such an occasiō now happened vnto you besides your expectatiō: neither to suffer those inconueniences, y^e smart whereof you haue oftentymes heretofore felt. For if, when we went to ayde the Euboians, at which tyme Hierax and Stra∣tocles Ambassadors for the Amphipolitanes weare with vs, and here in this verye place requested you to sende a power by Sea to take theyr Citie into your protection: we had shewed the same forwardnesse in vs for our owne selues, as we did for the Euboians safetie: ye had both gotten Amphipolis at that tyme, and might haue béene ridde of all such troubles as after∣wardes ensued. Againe, when you heard that Pydna, Poty∣dea, Methona, Pegase, and diuers other Cities (to long to be rehearsed) weare besieged: had we our selues then couragious∣lye, and as it was our partes to doe, ayded and succoured any one of them, at the first: wée shoulde haue founde king Philip by this tyme more lowely, and more easie to be dealt withall, by a great deale than he is. But nowe that we doe alwayes let slippe things present, and hope that the worlde will fall out bet∣ter of it selfe hereafter: we our selues haue by this meanes (O Athenians) both encreased the might of King Philippe, and made him so great a Prince, as neuer yet was king of Macedo∣nie before him. But nowe is there an occasion offered, what

is that? Euen this same of the Olynthians, which offereth it selfe vnto this Citie, and is nothing inferior to any of those that haue béene made heretofore, and verily as I think (O Atheni∣ans) if one weare appoynted as it weare an Auditour truely to examine and to take a iust accompt of those benifites which GOD hath bestowed vppon vs: hée shall finde when all is done, al∣though many thinges bée not with vs in so good state, as they should be: yet that we are bounde to giue him verie great than∣kes, and good reason too. For why, where as we haue lost ma∣ny things by the warres: a man maye iustly impute it to our owne negligence: but whereas we haue neyther felt the same long agoe, and that certaine haue offered to ioyne wyth vs in these warres, who (if we will accept them) are able to counter∣uayle and recompence our former losses: that benifite surely woulde I impute to procéede of his goodnesse towards vs.

But herein mée thinkes I espie the lyke māner in you as men vse in getting of money.

For so a man can kéepe as much as he hath gotten, he thankes Fortune highly for it: but if it go awaye, he wotes néere howe: then awaye goes the remem∣braunce of any thankes to Fortune at all. And euen so in mens doings, they that doe not vse their tyme well, doe not so much as call to remembraunce, if anye good thing hath happened to them by the goodnesse of God. For according to that, which last happened, euery thing that went before, is commonly iudged.

Wherefore we haue great néede (O Athenians) to be carefull of the rest hereafter, to the intent that by the amending of these things, we may wype away the reproche of our former doings. For if we shall forsake these men (O Athenians) and that yon∣der man ouerthrow Olynthus, tel me some body what shall let him when that is done, to runne his course where he list? I be∣séech you (Athenians) is there none of you, that doth consider and sée by what meanes, king Philip, who was of small force at the beginning, is now growne & become thus mightie & great? First when he had taken Amphipolis, after that Pidna, then Potidea, and by & by Methona, then he inuaded Thessalia, af∣ter

that when he had ordered Pheres, Pegase, Magnesia, and all as he woulde haue it, hée tooke his iourney to Thracia: and there hauing displaced some out of theyr Kingdomes, and established others, he fell sicke, and being somewhat amended, did not giue himselfe to slouthfulnesse, but by and by went in hand with the Olynthians. I will not speake of his iourneyes and exploytes made vpon the Illirians, Peonians, and against king Arymba his Vncle and euery where else.

But some will say vnto me, why tell you vs this tale then? Marie (O Athenians) to the intent that you may know right well and vnderstande both these things, first what inconueni∣ence groweth of letting slip and neglecting alwayes somwhat in euerie thing you doe: and next the carefull painfulnesse that king Philip vseth and practiseth in all his life towards all men, whereby it cannot be, that he contenting himselfe with thinges alreadie done▪ will be at rest. Now if he shall continue in this minde still, that he must alwayes be doing somewhat, where∣by to aduaunce his state, and if you on the other side be of this opinion that you must take nothing in hande valiauntly: con∣sider what ende is to be hoped, that these things will come vn∣to at length. Lorde God, which of you all, is so voyde of vn∣derstanding, that knoweth not that the warres will come from thence hither vpon vs, if we be carelesse. And if that come to passe, I feare me (O Athenians) least that after the same sort as they who are readie to borowe vpon great vsurie, haue good store for a little while, but afterwardes are faine to for∣goe euen that also which was aunciently their owne before: Euen so shall we (if we shall appeare to haue payde déerely for our ease, séeking our pleasures in all things) be driuen hereaf∣ter to make many hard shiftes, and be put in great hazarde to lose euen that, which we haue here at home.

Nowe to finde fault, some will say peraduenture, is 〈◊〉〈◊〉 ea∣sie matter, and a thing that euery bodie can doe, but to shewe what is néedefull to be done, vpon these present matters: that is the part of a Counsellor. Well, I am not ignoraunt, that

you oftentymes haue béene offended not with those that haue deserued blame, but with those whose chaunce was to speake last of matters: if any thing doe not fall out according to your minde. And yet I doe not thinke it méete for mine owne pri∣uate safegarde, to suppresse or hinder any thing that I iudge is for your profite. Therefore, I say, touching these present affay∣res, you ought to prouide for them by two maner of wayes, both by kéeping to the Olynthians their townes in safetie, and sending them souldiours to doe thys: and also by annoy∣ing his Countrie with Galleys, and an other bande of soul∣diors besides. But if you neglect to do any one of these things, I feare me least all your voyage besides will proue labour lost. For whether you doe but spoyle his Countrie, and he let you alone with that, till he shall haue subdued Olynthus: then shall he at his returne home, be auenged of you with ease: or whether you send but an ayde onely to Olynthus, then will he séeing thinges at home out of daunger, sit hard and fast by his matters: and in time will preuayle agaynst them, whom he besiegeth. Wherefore the ayde had néede to be great, and that in two places at once. And this is my opinion for ayde.

Nowe for prouision of money. You haue (O Athenians) money, you haue so much as no men else haue more, to employ vpon the warres: but that doe you take at your pleasure, wher∣as if you would restore the same to Souldiors, you should néede no other leuie besides, otherwise you shall haue néede, yea, and that verie great néede to. Why howe nowe, sayth one, doe you passe a decrée to make this money to serue for pay of soul∣diours? no verily, not I. But mine opinion is, that you must néedes prouide souldiours, and that this money is ordeyned for pay of Souldiours, and that there is one order which is euen this, both for men to receyue their dutie, and to doe their dutie: whereas you neuerthelesse in this goodly maner without doing any thing, bestowe this money, vpon feastes & games. There∣fore it remaynes (as I take it) that euery man must make con∣tribution of money, if much néede, of much: if little néede, of

little: once money must néedes be had whatsoeuer we doe: and without money, nothing can be done at all, as it ought to be done. There be others that haue other deuises to get money, take that way you like best, and while occasion serues, goe in hande with your businesse.

And here it weare verie néedefull for you to consider & weigh the matters in what case they stande nowe with king Philip. Neyther ywisse, as it séemeth and may be sayde by one that looketh but lightly vpon his doyngs, goeth the worlde very gay with him: or yet in such sort, as weare best for him at this time. Neyther would he euer haue taken this warre in hande in trust of his owne strength: had he thought he should haue found a warre of it in déede. But his hope was to conquere all, euen at the ve∣rie first pushe, without resistaunce: and is deceyued nowe he hath done. And therefore this thing first of all doth vexe him, and breake his heart not a little: bycause things haue fallen out quite contrarie to his expectation.

Moreouer, the ficklenesse of the Thessalians, doth much trouble his minde, who haue béene alwayes false and vnfaith∣full agaynst all men of their owne nature: and euen as they are, and haue béene to others: so are they now to him. And they are fully decréed among themselues to demaund backe Pegase of him, and haue forbidden the walling of Magnesia. Yea, and I my selfe haue heard it sayde of some, that they would let him no longer receyue the profites of their Hauens, and theyr Martes. For say they, it weare good reason that the common charges of the Thessalians ought to be borne therewithall, and not that king Philip shoulde gleane it, and intercept it for his owne vse. So that if he be put besides this money: his hired Souldiours shall quickly be brought to a very narrow strayte for their vittayles.

Moreouer it is most likely that the Peonians, and the Illirians, and generally all such other people, as dwell there aboutes: had rather still be frée, and liue vnder their owne lawes, than be in bondage of others. For they are a people vn∣woont

to be subiect to any: and yonder man as they say, is a verie spitefull person, and before God he is none other like in déede to be.

For prosperitie excéeding a mans desert giues an occasion to them that be witlesse, to be euill disposed, and to o∣uerwéene of themselues. Wherefore it séemes oftentymes a harder matter to kéepe goodes: than it is to get them.

Therefore you must (O Athenians) assuring your selues that his euill season is your good season, go cherefully in hande with these matters, both by sending forth Ambassadors to such places as shall be méete, and setting forth your selues on war∣fare, and encouraging all others to do the same: considering with your selues, that if king Philippe had the lyke occasion a∣gaynst vs, and that the warres weare nighe to his countrie, howe readily thinke you woulde he come vpon vs? And then are not you ashamed that you dare not doe these things vnto him vpon this occasion and oportunitie: which if he had the like abilitie, you might be assured to féele at his hands? Moreouer, I would not haue you ignorant of this (O Athenians) that it is in your owne choyse nowe, whither you will go fight with him in his owne Countrie, or that he should come and fight with you at your owne dores. For if y^e Olynthians shal be able to hold their owne, you shall fight with him there, and annoy his Realme, and enioy the fruits of this your owne Country, without feare of any daunger: but if king Philip shoulde take their Citie, who shall let him then, to draw straight hither? The Theba∣nes? be it spoken without bitternesse, they will be readie to enter vpon vs with him. But perhaps the Phoceyans? alas poore men, they are not able to kéepe their owne, except you your selues do succour them, or some bodie else. But good sir (sayth one) King Philip will neuer come hither. Nowe surely this weare the greatest absurditie that euer was, if that thing which nowe he commonly talkes and brags of, though all men countes him a mad man for his labor: he would not do the same if he might.

Nowe howe much oddes there is whither you fight wyth him here, or in his owne Countrie: I thinke it not worth the

speaking: for weare you once dryuen to bée in the Campe but one Moneth onelye, and shoulde haue all thinges néede∣full for the armye out of your owne Countrey: I saye vnto you that althoughe none enimye appeared amongest vs, your farmours, and husbande menne shoulde susteyne more losse and harme at home, than all the charges of the warres heretofore haue amounted vnto. Great then will bée oure harme, if we shall be fought withall here at home. Besides this, what a reproche will it be, and what a shame also for vs to bee bearded by oure enimyes, and brested by them euen at oure owne doores, the which blemishe and rebuke vnto wise men, is compa∣rable to the greatest losse that may be. Wherefore, séeing all this is séene vnto you: you ought altogither to plye your ayde, and to aduaunce the warre from hence vpon him. Those that be wel∣thie men to depart with some portion of their goodes, to thintent they may better kéepe the masse of their treasure, and gotten goodes in more safetie at home. As for yong men what can they doe more honorable for themselues, than getting experience of warre within the boundes of King Philips Countrie, returne home like valiant and redoubted kéepers of their naturall soyle and welfare. And the Oratours for their partes to render vp a cléere account of their doinges in the common weale. For euen as the worlde frameth with you, so are ye commonlye woont to iudge of their doings. Thus I pray God all may be well.

Notes

• In weightie af∣fayres of the State: men shoulde not spare any mony to haue wise and faithfull counsell.
• Sodeyne mo∣tions and en∣forcements of the mind, do of∣ten breake out eyther for great good or great euill.
• It is more easy to allowe wyse councell than to deuise it.
• Occasiō giuen is a warning sent from God, the which can∣not be omitted without great daunger.
• It is scant cre∣dible that any man will forget his owne wel∣fare.
• Domesticall souldiers better than forreyne hyrelings.
• Craftie men wāt no meanes to compasse their deuises, seking all y^e way that maye be to haue their will: and offe∣ring to serue the humor of others, for their owne purpose.
• The presence of the Prince doth speede his affayres.
• Men had then neede to watch when they are in daunger of vniuersall ru∣ine and de∣struction.
• Happie is he whom an other mans harme doth make wise.
• Ambicious Princes are euill neighbors to their infe∣riours.
• Take tyme, while time is for time will away.
• Present occa∣sion offred and vnlooked for.
• Whose destruc∣tion is most cer∣taine if they be ••uercome, and the reconciling with the enimie most daunge∣rous: their in∣constancie is not to be sus∣pected for con∣tinuaunce of amitie.
• Examples of foreflowing things, and the losse of occasion offered.
• Amphipolis •• Citie betwixt Macedonie and Thracia▪ Pidna a towne of Macedonie. Potidea a towne in Thracia. Methona a towne in Achaia. Pegase a tow•• of Thessalia.
• New occasion offered vpon rehearsall of other occasi∣ons lost.
• Olynthians de∣sire present ayde.
• Offers made, that may be re∣ceyued, are as much to be este∣med as the pre∣sent and abso∣lute possession of things.
• Men ought as well to bee thankfull for that which they haue not, and yet eyther once had or might haue had: as they haue cause to giue thankes for that, which they haue in their possession and keping.
• As things fall out, so doth the common sort iudge, estee∣ming thinges fondly by the euent, and not looking of the cause.
• They are to be defended wyth all care, whose destruction shall be their vndo∣ing, that are desired to help, if they doe not sende ayde in tyme.
• Illirians and Peonians peo∣ple next adioy∣ning to Mace∣cedony, Italy, and Germa∣nye.
• Arymba king of the Molessi∣ans, and vncle to Olympiades, king Philips w••fe, whom he did not forbere to molest, not∣withstanding the alliaunce and kindred.
• Neglecting e∣uen of priuate causes, verye daungerous to a state.
• He that min∣deth to conquer must be careful.
• Mony borowed vpon vsurye bringeth misery, although for a tyme it seeme pleasaunt.
• For a short plea¦sure, long dis∣pleasure: re∣pentance is the hyre.
• Priuate losse must be sustey∣ned for cōmon weales be∣hoofe.
• Negligence in Magistrates a thing moste daungerous to a state.
• The custom in Athens was to haue a Table hung vp, con∣teyning the matter of their present assem∣blie, and wher∣of the Orators spake, and they that woulde haue any thing to passe did sub∣scribe their mindes in the Table.
• The common treasure was wont to be spēt vpon the com∣mon people, in making of feastes and seting forth of shewes, games, & stage playes, and paying for the standings that the poore•• sort had.
• Money doth much, I will not say all.
• King Philips force, made greater by com∣mon brute, than it is in deede.
• Thessalians vnfaythfull peo∣ple, and full of treacherie.
• King Philip he meaneth.
• Immoderate welth causeth pryde: pryde bringeth ha∣tred: hatred worketh rebel∣lion: rebellion maketh an alte∣ration & chaun∣geth kingdoms
• That which the enimy would doe to vs when he might, we should not re∣fuse to doe vn∣to him agayne, when we may.
• Better offende than defende.
• Thebanes will take part with the stronger.
• Phoceyans of small force.
• Fonde speach vsed lythe ••••••non sim∣ple soules.
• At Amphi∣polis. Better to an∣noy by offence than to stand at defence, and to begin warre, than to with∣stand warre.