Tobacco tortured, or, The filthie fume of tobacco refined shewing all sorts of subiects, that the inward taking of tobacco fumes, is very pernicious vnto their bodies; too too profluuious for many of their purses; and most pestiferous to the publike state. Exemplified apparently by most fearefull effects: more especially, from their treacherous proiects about the Gun-powder Treason; from their rebellious attempts of late, about their preposterous disparking of certaine inclosures: as also, from sundry other their prodigious practices. ...

THE FVME OF TO∣BACCO TAKEN INWARD, IS too too profluuious for many of our Tobac∣conists purses, and most pernicious to the publike State.

Capnistus.

SIR, hauing hitherto proued the smoke of Tobacco taken inward, to be very pernici∣ous vnto the bodie: you remember (I am sure) that you also affirmed the same too too profluuious for many of our Tobacconists purses, as also most pestiferous to the publike State.

Hydrophorus.

I did so indeed: and what then?

Capn.

Do you aske me, what then? why Sir, this is the reason of this my demand. Hauing hitherto sufficiently shewed the pernicious effects of Tobacco fumes, respecting especially the bodies of men: I pray you, proue now (in like manner) the profluuitie thereo•• concerning their pur∣ses, and our publike State. For so shall you be sure to let all our Tobacconists bloud euen in the basilica veine it selfe: and to draw forth presently the very feces or dregs of any their preposterous affections towards those infectious fil∣thie fumes.

Hydr.

In very deede, it is true as thou sayest. The purse-plague is much more respected now, with some sorts of peo∣ple, then is either the plague of body or soule: they are so desperatly drenched in their dangerous delights. And there∣fore (to effect this our pretended purpose the better) we will herein obserue this following order. There shall first be pro∣pounded

the purses profluuitie it selfe: and then secondly, there shall be resounded the consequent effects succeeding the same.

Capn.

A most excellent order, procéede (Sir) vnto it with spéede, I beséech you.

Hydr.

With very good will. Wherein first shall be she∣wed what this the purses profluuitie is: and then next, how such an insatiable sucking in of filthie Tobacco fumes, becom∣meth too too profluuious for the purse it selfe, and our pre∣sent State.

Capn.

What meane you first, by the purses profluuity?

Hydr.

By the purses profluuitie, I do not meane any fru∣gall or commodious disbursing, but a prodigall or profluui∣ous dispending of those worldly prefermen••s and blessings which the Lord God (in his abundant mercies) bestoweth on men for their necessary vses, not needlesse abuses: to the preposterous impouerishing of them and theirs, the dange∣rous infecting of others about them, and the pestiferous vn∣dermining of the publike State.

Capn.

Sir, I do now vnderstand to the full, what you simply meane here, by the purses profluuity: and therefore, shew me next (I beséech you) how this our insatiable swil∣ling in of filthie Tobacco fumes, becometh too too profluui∣ous for our Tobacconists purses, and most pestiferous to the publike State.

Hydr.

Content. Wherein thou hast first to obserue, that Tobacco it selfe hath bene euermore held at an exceeding high price; that those our tippling Tobacconists cannot ordinarily compasse the same without an excessiue reckoning; that such an excessiue reckoning cannot possibly be performed with∣out very chargeable cost; that such chargeable cost cannot be freed from superfluous and riotous wasting; that such su∣perfluous wasting procureth a prodigall dispending of mens patrimonies with other worldly preferments; that such a prodigal dispending of patrimonies with other worldly pre∣ferments, is ouer profluuious for our Tobacconists purses: and

that this their purses profluuitie is most pestiferous to the publike State.

Capn.

This gradation (I must néeds confesse) doth giue to the Eagle-eied, and sharped-sighted sort, some glim∣mering shew concerning your purpose propounded: how∣beit, that l the day-dawne and the day starre thereof may more clearely breake forth to the simplest mans view, I pray you discourse of these more at large.

Hydr.

I am not vnwilling therewith. First therefore for the exceeding high rate that this Tobacco hath euer bene at since the very first arriuall thereof into England, thou thy selfe, and all our Tobacconists, are able to say this of your owne proper knowledge: namely, that the same hath vsually bene sold by the pound, for twentie nobles, fiue, foure, or three pounds: yea and when it came to the lowest price, it could not bee had vnder foure markes or fortie shillings, which a∣mounteth to three shillings foure pence an ounce at the least. Is not this (thinkest thou) an exceeding high rate for filthie Tobacco? And is not twenty nobles, fiue, foure, or three pounds, yea fortie shillings, an excessiue great price for a per∣nicious poysonsome smoke? And may such an excessiue great price be performed without a chargeable cost? And c••n such chargeable cost be possibly freed from a superfluous or rio∣tous waste? And will not such a riotous waste procure (in the end) a prodigall dispending of patrimonies with other like worldly preferments? And will not such prodigall dispen∣ding of patrimonies, become too too profluuious for our To∣bacconists purses? And will not such a profluuitie of purses, in the end proue very pestiferous to the publike State? Speake man and spare not, what sayest thou to this demonstration? Do not euery of these (like the inseparable lincks of a deadly deuouring chaine) very dangerously draw a publike calami∣tie vpon our countrey and kingdome?

Capn.

Indéed Sir, I cannot but acknowledge the ex∣céeding rate, the excessiue reckoning, as also the chargeable cost bestowed vpon Tobacco it selfe: but I sée not as yet,

how th••se our professed Tobacconists will accompt that thing a superfluous or riotous cost, which (as they verily suppose themselues) doth worke their so excéeding much good.

Hydr.

It hath bene apparently proued, and thy selfe hath freely confessed in our former discourse, that the smoke of Tobacco is very pernicious vnto the bodie: and which way then doth it worke them so exceeding much good? I am cer∣taine it worketh a wonderfull strange consumption in euery of their purses at least. If therfore some odly conceited com∣panion (whose braines are filthily besotted with filthie To∣bacco fumes) should ouer idlely imagine, that that thing which vnnecessarily costeth both liuing and life, were no superflu∣ous or riotous waste: must that his idle supposall be forth∣with priuiledged for a currant conceipt among such as are soundly wise? God forbid that any such peeuish perswasion should euer possesse the prudenter sort. For so should we m Set seruants on horseb••cke, and make Princes to plod by their sides as Pages: yea so s••ould the crew of some idlely concei∣ted companions, bec••me the canonized counsellers to those that haue farre finer wits then themselues. Concerning there∣fore that former superfluous and riotous waste, which those Tobacconists do so wilfully make about their beastly Tobacco fumes, do tell me in good sadnesse, whether it be not a super∣fluous waste, for any man of great place, to paddle forth y••arely one hundred pounds at the least, for an hundred gal∣lons of filthy fumes? for a Gentleman of meaner condition, to be at fortie pound annuall expences, about bare fortie pottels of stinking flames? for a Yeoman, an Husbandman, an Artificer, a Trades-man, a Tinker, a Shoomaker, or a Cob∣bler, to bestow weekely some three shillings fourepence at the least, for but one onely ounce of fantasticall fooleries? What sayest thou Capnistus? Is not this a very superfluous and riotous waste? Do answer directly, either yea or no to the same.

Capn.

In very déed Sir, I must néeds acknowledge it a superfluous and riotous waste: yea and no better in

effect then the fantasticall purchasing of vanitie it selfe.

Hydr.

Go to then. Can such a superfluous and riotous waste be possibly performed without a prodigall dispending of those our Tobacconists their patrimonies and worldly pre∣ferments? or without a friuolous pursing vp of their an∣nuall reuenewes and rents n in a bottomlesse bag? Who seeth not then, but that their filthie Tobacco fumes (being ordina∣rily at such an exceeding high rate, at such an excessiue rec∣koning, at such a chargeable cost, at such a superfluous-waste, and at such a prodigall dispending of patrimonies, with other like worldly preferments) must needs become too too pro∣fluuious for any our Tobacconists purses, and very pestiferous to the publike State?

Capn.

It is euen certainly so. And therefore Sir, (ha∣uing hitherto succinctly shewed the vndoubted profluuitie of the purse it selfe) I pray you now likewise procéed to the orderly setting downe of those fearefull effects which suc∣cessiuely follow thereof.

Hydr.

With a very good will. Wherein we haue to ob∣serue, that those selfe same effects, they are such as more es∣pecially concerne the Tobacconists themselues: or some other besides.

Capn.

Very well. But what are those effects first which more properly concerne themselues.

Hydr.

They are all those accidentall occurrents which (proceeding collaterally from those their Tobacco fumes) do more especially respect the parties themselues, without any proper relation, or peculiar reference to any other man else besides themselues: being such withall as more especially concerne either their owne person, or their proper estate.

Capn.

What are those effects first, which more especial∣ly concerne their owne person?

Hydr.

They are those dangerous diseases, and those des∣perate deaths, which (by reason of such an insatiable sucking in of filthie Tobacco fumes) do euen ordinarily attend (like pursuiuants) vpon their very bodies and soules. Namely, a

fearefull consuming of the naturall heate; an vnquencha∣ble scorching and drying vp of the radicall moisture; an vt∣ter exhausting and sucking out of the corporall humours; a most poysonsome corrupting of the due proportion of Ele∣ments appointed by nature; a continuall f••etting and gna∣wing of all the bodily members; a pernicious dissoluing of the primarie composition of the whole bodie it selfe; a prepo∣sterous procuring of the cleare, sweete, and wholsome spirits, to become obscure, stinking and vnwholsome; a most dan∣gerous dispersing of a venimous ayre through out all parts of the bodie; a violent assailing of the head, the braine, the heart, the whole body and life it selfe; yea and eftsoones a most so daine and desperate death, as we haue more la••gely declared before. Lo Capnistus, euen these, and sundry such other occurrents, they are those proper effects which do vn∣doubtedly attend vpon the poore Tobacconists body, and as ordinarily follow his insatiable swilling in of filthie Tobacco fumes, as the shadow followes the bodie. And as his said bo∣die is therewith very dangerously infected, so surely that his honest reputation (which should be vnto him o as a precious oyntment) is thereby most shamefully blemished. Being poin∣ted at by all sorts of people when he walketh abroad in the open streets, and too too reprochfully termed a tippling To∣bacconist, a swaggering swil smoke, a sodden headed Asse, a fantasticall foole, a proper tale stripling to play at Poope-noddie, a man of a wonderfull wit (forsooth) cōcerning those our newly deuised chymicall extractions: being sufficient∣ly able (in very short time) to turne a shilling to nine-pence, one that hath a meruellous dexteritie in augmenting his pa∣trimonie by a plaine retrogradation, beginning directly where his ancestors ended, and neuer giuing ouer before he come where they first began: to knit vp all in a word, he is (say they) Thericleíouphil••s:p that is (in plaine English) a friend and follower of cup companions. What one ingenious na∣ture may possibly but heare these disdainefull reproches, and his very eares not burne on his head? Or who is the wight

which (being thus odiously branded in euery place) would not grow grosly ashamed of that shamefull condition which thus makes him the shame of the world? Surely, the timely consideration of these fearefull effects concerning especially their owne proper persons, would euen presently take vp our Tobacconists minds with farre better imployments: were they not too too beastly bewitched with those venimous va∣pours which flow from their filthie fumes. For lo, these are the faire fragrant flowers of their chargeable flames, the vn∣doubted successe of those their sottish attempts, and the flou∣rishing fruites of those their fantasticall fooleries. The very feeling of these and such other most fearefull effects should cause them continually to crie out and say thus, q Oh how pestiferous is that transitorie pleasure which we haue deare∣ly purchased with such perpetuall paine & shame? For lo now we do find and feele (in our proper experience) that these our filthie Tobacco fumes, are not onely pernicious vnto our bodies, but too too profluuious also for our purses, in pro∣curing such fearefull effects to our owne proper persons.

Capn.

They should so, I confesse. And I doubt not but (by that time they haue bene better schooled a while with the mistris of fooles) they will learne that lesson by roate. But what are those other effects (I beséech you) which do likewise concerne their proper estates?

Hydr.

They are those accidentall occurrents which do ordinarily attend vpon such chargeable cost, such superflu∣ous waste, such a prodigall and profluuious dispending of an∣cient patrimonies with other like worldly preferments. For what other things else may possibly follow thereof (besides a pernicious hurt to the body, and vntimely vndermining of mens honest reputations) but an vnrecouerable subuersion of that their ancient estate which they formerly receiued from their forefathers frugalitie? a perpetuall supplanting of that their primarie approued condition? and a monstrous metamorphosing of their former well managed Mannors, with other their domesticall maintenance? So as (by these

meanes) they make great noble Persons, but single-soaled Gentelmen; well bred Gentelmen, but bare thredded Yeo∣men; bountifull Yeomen, but beggerly Husbandmen; hos∣pitious Husbandmen, but shifting Trades-men, artificious Trades-men; but conicatching companions; conicatching companions, but vagabond rogues. Thus thou mayest plain∣ly perceiue how these their intoxicating Tobacco fumes are able (in an vnperceiueable and Circean manner) to trans∣forme nobilitie into gentrie, gentrie into yeomanrie, yeo∣manrie into husbandry, husbandrie into maunuarie, manua∣rie into manubiarie, manubiarie into a vagrant and retchlesse roguerie, and what not besides?

Capn.

Do you then determine, that these their Tobacco fumes are the vnchangeable cause of such a changed condi∣tion?

Hydr.

I do not make those their said fumes the efficient cause, although yet an vnchangeable occasion of such a change. For seeing r the spirit which dwelleth in them, doth lust after euill continually: who seeth not then, but that this filthie Tobacco fume (so forcibly bewitching their braines) is the vndoubted occasion of inflaming their said luft to such a profluuious waste for the timely purchase of that which makes them eft∣soones to s waxe wanton with the good blessings of God? And euen as Israel t affected flesh for their lust: so these our fanta∣sticall spirits (requiring Tobacco fumes for their filthie desire) do most prodigally dispend their patrimonies about the vn∣timely procuring of those vanishing flames which they so wastfullyu consume vpon their inordinate lusts. Howbeit, this one thing withall I pray thee obscrue: namely, that as the Lord God indirectly x giues them this way their hearts desire: so surely while the Tobacco fume is yet in their mouthes,y his in∣euitable wrath falles fearefully vpon them. For not onely he de∣li••ers them vp (in iustice) z to their owne hearts lust: but leaues them withall so sottish in iudgment, as themselues know not which way to mannage their present possessions; making thē insatiably mad in dispending their patrimonies about such

smokie delights, and in wasting their worldly preferments vpon those their preposterous lusts. And thus at length they begin to perceiue in their proper experience, that as the wa∣ter which driues the mill, decaies the mill: so surely with whatsoeuer vaine man a insatiably sinneth, with the same eft∣soones he is foundly punished.

Capn.

Why Sir? may not wise men maintaine their Tobacco fumes, as well as their meate, drinke, & cloathing, without either offending God, or the pitifull subuersion of their present estates?

Hydr.

Dost thou accomt those for wise men, which so wantonly and foolishly waste their worldly maintenance vpon those their forenamed fooleries? But that thou may be able to vnderstand these matters the better: thou must learne here to distinguish betweene the necessary, and the needlesse supplies of nature. For all those things which do necessarily tend to an orderly preseruation of natures well being, accor∣ding to the prouident purpose of God himselfe, namely, meate, drinke, and clothing: they may, and they must bee maintained by a moderate and frugall expence, correspon∣dent to each man his present abilitie. Yea and all the neces∣sarie expences bestowed that way, they do vndoubtedly re∣ceiue such a blessed increase from the goodnesse of God, as a man shall be sure, therein b to eate the labour of his owne pro∣per hands, and it shall go well with him euery kind of way. How∣beit, all those things whatsoeuer which are but needlesse supplies to natures well being, not onely needlesse (I say) but noysome withall (such as are our immoderate gorman∣dizings, our superfluous quaffing vp of wine and strong drinkes, our insatiable sucking in of filthy Tobacco fumes, with sundry such other fantasticall fooleries) as they are not the ordinarie appointed labours of those mens hands which c walke vprightly in the waies of the Lord, so hath the Lord him∣selfe not onely alotted no one blessing vnto them, but rather imposed a d fearefull curse of penurie vpon them. For as it is the e blessing of the Almightie that maketh men rich, so surely

all those senslesse fooles which so insatiably deuoure their owne proper substance, they shall be enforced eftsoones f to vomite it vp againe, for the Lord God will draw it out of their bel∣lies, be they neuer so great, or so mightie. Yea and not onely the great ones shall be sure to feele this fearefull effect con∣cerning their owne present estates, but euen the g labouring men likewise that are so resolutely giuen to these their drun∣ken delights, they shall neuer be rich: and all they that make not much of a little, by little and little shall soone come to nothing; so vncertaine are the estates (be thou sure) of all those our insatiable suckers vp of filthie Tobacco fumes.

Capn.

But why should the expences bestowed vpon meate, drinke and clothing receiue such a blessing from God, and the excessiue cost layed forth for filthie Tobacco fumes, vndergo so fearefull a curse?

Hydr.

The reason is this. Meate, drinke, and clothing, they are necessarie supplies for natures well being, and the ordinarie props appointed of God for the timely support, and needfull preseruation of this present life: so as a mode∣rate expence bestowed that way, it is the Almightie his mer∣cifull designement to such as h vprightly walke in his waies. Whereas that superfluous waste which these men do rio∣tously lauish forth vpon their filthie Tobacco fumes, it is not the approued ordinarie way which the Almighty appointeth for mans preseruation, but rather such an inordinate desire of mans lusting heart as procureth his present destruction. To the one sort therefore the Lord hath promised a i blessing vpon their basket and store: and telleth them withall, that they shall vndoubtedly k eate the labour of their owne proper hands, which do so industriously and so painefully walke in his waies. To the other, he not onely denounceth a curse vpon l their fields their basket, their store, the fruite of their land, the increase of their kine, and the flockes of their sheepe, but also vpon their re∣uenewes and rents how exceeding soeuer; telling them with∣all, that they do but euen m purse vp the same in a bottomlesse bag. So as the very curse of the Lord (thou seest) is in n the

house of the wicked: but he blesseth the habitation of the righte∣ous. I will make thee perceiue my purpose herein, by some plaine demonstration: and (for better performance hereof) let vs put this downe here for the present proportion. Be it supposed that some great man receiued yearely but fiue hun∣dred pounds annuall rents to defray his domesticall charges withall; which said fiue hundred pounds (being handsomly husbanded, and frugally employed) would accomplish that worke in a very commendable and competent manner: but being any way superfluously or wastefully spent vpon ex∣cesse of apparell, meates, drinkes, and other such riotous courses, would come very short in the reckoning. Suppose now withall, that this man forsooth (to fulfill the inordinate lust of his owne licentious heart) would yearely dispend one hundred pound at the least, vpon the vanishing flames of fil∣thie Tobacco fumes, not abating at all his said excesse in appa∣rell, in meates, and in drinkes: doth it not necessarily follow, that either this mans fiue hundred pounds rent must other∣waies receiue some extraordinarie supply for the continuall support of such a superfluous waste, or that else his present estate (in continuance of time) will be tumbled vpside downe? What sayest thou Capnistus? do answer directly either yea, or no.

Capn.

The one, or the other (I fréely confesse) must ne∣cessarily follow thereof: namely, either some present sup∣plie, or a present supplanting of that mans present estate at the least.

Hydr.

Thou iudgest aright. But tell me now where must such a present supply be had? There is no hope to obtaine the same from the blessing of God, because such a riotous course is directly opposite to his holy appointed ordinance: but rather the contrarie. For as those men do prodigally e∣uen blow away their wealth about filthie superfluous fumes, so surely the Almightie himselfe (euen in his fuming ven∣geance) doth proportionably blow forth a fearefull curse vpon all their labours: willing them to o consider their owne

waies in theit hearts, and telling them withall that p although they sow much they shall bring little home, and though they do eate, they shall not be satisfied: and although they do drinke, they shall not be filled; ••hough they cloath themselues, they shall not be chea∣rished; yea although they addle much wages, or receiue large reuenewes, yet shall they but purse vp the same in a bot∣tomlesse bag: because I haue blowne vpon it, saith the Lord God. Yea, the iust reuenger of such fantasticall courses, will ap∣point q the Palmer worme to spoile the rest of their store; and that which is left by the Palmer worme, shall the Grashopper eate, and the residue of the Grashopper shall the Canker-worme eate; and the remainder of the Canker-worme, shall the Caterpiller consume and deuoure. By all which thou mayest very plainly perceiue, that rather a final consumption, then any formall supply, it is to be fearefully expected from the hands of the Lord.

Capn.

Very true it is. And therefore, I sée now they must either surceasse from that their former superfluous waste: or vse some other deuice of their owne, to supplie their wants.

Hydr.

Thou sayest very well. But what one deuice of their owne will be able to counteruaile the determined ven∣geance of God against those their superfluous vanities? No no, it is vtterly in vaine for those vaine-headded men, whose r breath is in their nostrils, to encounter herein with that s God of vengeance whom they haue t moued with iealousie, and prouo∣ked to anger by those their superfluous vanities: and who moreo∣uer (besides that ineuitable curse vpon their worldly prefer∣ments) will yet further smite their owne persons with such u ama∣zednesse, such blindnesse, and astonishment of mind, as they shall be quite destitute euen of naturall discretion and iudgement which way to mannage well their proper estates: but shall ignorantly x grope about the same at middle-time of the day, as blind men grope in the darknesse, and shall not be able to prosper in any their waies. And from hence (I assure you) it is that thou beholdest hourely among them, such sodaine alienating of ancient inheritances; such a beastly bangling

out of their birthrights; such carelesse curtolling of ancient entailes; such iniurious transporting of former titles; such an horrible chopping and changing of long continued Lord∣ships; such a monstrous metamorphosing of their ancestours Mannors; such a gracelesse acknowledging of fines and re∣coueries, and such a preposterous posting ouer of patrimo∣nies with other like worldly preferments. And howsoeuer these our Ammorites sinnes y are not as yet mounted vp to their excessiue height, but that the men themselues do still continue a time in some part of their ancient possessions: yet be thou assured of this, that (so soone as the iust measure of those their monstrous enormities are heaped vp once to the full) then euen those their reserued possessions will likewise vo∣mit them forth; so as open bils of sale shall be set ouer their doores, to purport to all passengers the sale of such houses. Yea and this also, to the great admiration of those our Dio∣genists, who will be readie to put downe this their cynicall censure vpon it, and say, z Oh house, house; I thought thou woul∣dest surfet so long vpon those thy Tobacco fumes, that at the length thou wouldest spew thy maister quite out adoores. For now we do plainly perceiue, that the Lord a hath not left in thee, one man of thine owne bloud, to make water against the wall. Lo, here the fearefull effects concerning these our fume-suckers present estate in the world.

Capn.

Very fearefull effects I assure you. But Sir, hauing succinctly shewed me those horrible effects which more especially concerne the Tobacconists themselues, in an onely respect either of their person, or their proper condi∣tions: now shew me in like manner (I pray you) those o∣ther effects which more respectiuely concerne some others besides themselues.

Hydr.

With very good will. Wherein also thou hast to confider, that those selfe same effects they are of two sorts: Namely, such as more properly concerne their owne wiues and children: or such else, as do more generally concerne some others besides.

Capn.

What are those effects first, which more proper∣ly concerne their owne wiues and children?

Hydr.

They are all those accidentall occurrents which do very fearefully affect their sorowfull hearts. Namely, the ri∣otous dispending of that their allotted maintenance; the ali∣enating of their designed inheritance, and their vtter impo∣uerishing without all hope of redemption. From the wofull consideration of which occurrents, they are seuerally enfor∣ced to put vp their pitifull complaints for the ease of their endlesse griefes.

Capn.

What complaints (I pray you) are those?

Hydr.

Surely, euen such as are able to batter our Tobac∣conists hearts in an hundred peeces, were they not an hun∣dred times harder then the Adamant stone. For imagine thou beheldest here such a fume-suckers wife most fearefully fu∣ming forth very fountaines of bloud, howling for anguish of heart, weeping, wailing, and wringing her hands toge∣ther, with grisly lookes, with wide staring eies, with minde amazed, with thoughts perplexed, with body shiuering and quaking in euery ioynt: wouldest thou not wonder greatly at this her so sodaine a change? I am sure thou couldest not but wonder much. But suppose withall thou shouldest pre∣sently heare the thundring eccho of her horrible outcries ring in the clouds, while she pitifully pleades with her hus∣band thus:

Oh husband, my husband, mine onely husband! Consider I beseech thee, thy deare, thy louing, and thy kind-hearted wife. Am not (I alas) thine onely wife; thy best beloued wife; yea and b the onely wife of thy youth? Out, out (alas) why art thou then so carelesse of this my present estate? Why dost thou so vainely preferre a vanishing filthie fume before my permanent vertues; before my amourous imbracings; yea before my firme setled faith & constant loue? Alas (my sweet husband) haue I not bin the Almightie his sanctified meanes to c build thee vp with an d holy, a blessed, and a sanctified seede? Haue not I here brought forth e an armie of children vnto

thee? Haue I not enabled thee (husband) to f speake with thy stoutest enemies in the open gates? yea haue I not made thee (a∣las) an happie man, by g filling thy quiuer full of faire, of faithfull, and gracious young impes? What might any one woman in the vniuersall world haue done more for thee (my deare husband) then thy deare wife hath done? Oh, out (alas) why art thou then become now so graceles a father towards this thine owne of-spring; and so grieuous an husband to me their poore mother, in preferring a fantasticall smoke before these so substantiall blessings? Oh husband, husband, oh hard hearted husband! nay rather, a h bloudie husband thou art vnto me. For that thou (neglecting i thy proper calling & care concerning an husband) hast causelesly brought k abun∣dance of cares vpon me thy sillie poore carefull wife: A care how to liue my selfe, a care how to vphold our present estate, a care for these my poore comfortlesse brats, a care for their present prouision and foode; hil-backe, and fil-bellie is now mine hourely care, yea and a care for some corner (God knowes) wherein we may hide our beggerly heads. For thou (alas husband) hauing hitherto vainely wasted their proper reuenewes vpon a vanishing filthie fume, I my poore selfe must be faine (now) to forgo my Feoffement also, I must (perforce) be enforced to yeeld to the present sale thereof, to acknowledge before some Iudge my vnwilling willing consent thereunto, full sore (God he knowes) against my owne will. Howbeit, necessitie (they say) hath no law: I must now do it (alas) or let thee lie fast by the heeles. I must do it (God wot,) otherwise my poore selfe and my sorowful chil∣dren must starue in the open streets. Tell me Capnistus, if thou shouldest but heare a poore sorrowfull wife thus piti∣fully complaine vpon her pitilesse fume-sucking husband, wouldest thou not forthwith imagine that her poore fain∣ting heart had too effectually felt the fearefull effects of that his former fantasticall fooleries?

Capn.

Yes in very déede would I Sir, and (I suppose) not without a very vrgent occasion: but what are the

poore childrens complaints, I pray you?

Hydr.

They are those sighing sobs, and those sorowfull outcries which euen present necessitie, and the fearefull fore∣sights of their future wants doth hourely vrge them vnto. For the better explanation wherof, imagine thou shouldest here likewise behold before thy face, a yong tender brat, or little pretie nest-cukkle (beginning to bite in the lip, to whimper a little) and then (creeping pretily betweete the degenerate father his legs) should cry out and say thus vnto him in the name of all the rest of his brethren and sisters:

Dad, hearke Dad in thine eare. Am not I thy best boy, am I not, Dad? And doest thou not loue me thy best boy, Dad? Harke Dad, thou wert wont (whē thou wentst to the Faires) to buy thy best boy, fine knacks, fine boxes, fine rattles, a fine feather, a fine gilden dagger, and a fine golden hobbie-horse: wert thou not, Dad? And wilt thou now let me thy white-headed boy runne barefoote and barelegged without hose and shooes? Why harke Dad, hath the fire of Tobacco filched thy purse? Hath filthie Tobacco flames enforced all thy gol∣den angels to creepe couertly out of thy coffers into thy pro∣fluuious pouch, and from thence to flie forth all about? Tell me good Dad, hath the poysonsome stinke of those filthie Tobacco fumes made me thy owne pretie boy, my brethren and sisters to stinke now so horribly in thy vnnatural nostrils, as thou art vtterly vnable (how willing soeuer) to buy my brother Humfrey an hat, or little Francke a fustian coate, or my sister Kate a new coife, or poore prettie Tib a tawdrie lace, or yet me thy best boy a new nothing to hang on my sleeue? I pray thee hearke Dad, and i'le tel thee a thing in thine eare. My brother Robin he wrings his hands thus, and cries mainly out: because thou art now no more able to maintaine him any longer to schoole, and yet he hath halfe learned his Pu∣erilis (he saith) without booke. And my sister Meg, she sits mourning in corners, because (being now ripe and readie for mariage) thou art not able to prefer her that way, with one groates-worth of goods, she being otherwaies capable

enough of many good mariages. And Dad, little Kit, he cries out for a prenticeship, but cannot preuaile therein, for want of preferment. Yea and mine eldest brother Will, he goeth wailing vp and downe: because his birth-right (he saith) is bangled out about nothing. Dad, hearke in thine eare; Will, he prates many bugs-words to my brothers and sisters be∣hind thy backe. He maruels (he saith) how thou canst for very shame go daily (as thou doest) to heare Sermons, and profite no more by preaching. Nay, hearke Dad, he telleth them that Saint Paul saith plainly, l thou hast denied the faith; art become an apostate, and worse them an infidel: because thou shewest thy selfe so carelesse in prouiding for vs, & the folke of thy familie. Yea and that the Lord God proceedeth iustly in iudgement against thee, by causing thy fantasticall suc∣king in of filthie Tobacco flames, to feede thee as fat as a foole. For lo (saith he) our Father long since did lie m in his bed, de∣uising that monstrous flame: neuer regarding at all, how the Lord (in the meane time) was n deuising a plague against him and his familie, from which neither he himselfe, nor we his forlorned of-spring, shall euer be able to plucke out our neckes. And therefore (with very great griefe and anguish of heart) we may now take vp this reproachfull parable against him▪ yea we may now lament with a dolefull lamentation, and say one to another. Alas, we be o euen vtterly wasted? Be∣hold here, how the righteous Iudge (for our fathers fanta∣sticall fooleries) hath iustly dispersed the long setled portions of vs his poore of-spring for euer. For lo, our owne father himselfe (being fearefully giuen ouer to the insatiable lust of his owne licencious heart) hath now made such an absolute sale of his lands, and so beastly bangled out our birth-rights in so many odde parcels, as there is vtterly no hope at all of any redemption; nor possibilitie that any one of our fathers poore of spring shall euer be able to cast forth a coard by lot, in any our alienated inheritances. In so much as wise men (wondring greatly thereat) may say one to another: Behold, we p haue seene the foolish man substantially rooted, and surely set∣led:

but lo, now the Lord curseth his habitation, and telleth him, his children shall be destitute, and farre from succour: yea that they shall be destroyed in the gate, and none shall deliuer them. The hungrie shall eate vp this foolish mans haruest; yea they shall euen take it away as it were from a∣mong the thornes; and the thirstie shall drinke vp his sub∣stance. Neither may our said father impute the blame hereof to the barrennesse of the soile, but to the badnesse rather of his owne proper husbandry, and to the preposterous waste of his profluuious purse. For q miserie cometh not forth of the dust, neither doth pouertie spring out of the earth. Lo Dad, my brothers and sisters they prate thus in corners behind thy backe, so they do: and I said I would tell thee thereof, so I would; and wilt thou not whip them soundly for it? How sayest thou Capnistus? if thou shouldest but heare some poore distressed mother and her pitifull brats thus greeuously crie and complaine, wouldest thou not forthwith conclude that their poore hearts had formerly felt the forenamed effects of such a fantasticall sucking in of filthie Tobacco fumes?

Capn.

Yes that would I, no doubt: and not without ve∣ry great cause. But good Sir, forbeare (I beséech you) all such your further patheticall Prosopopoeias. For my very heart it bléedes in my body, to thinke that any poore harme∣lesse infants should thus be enforced to pull a publike re∣proch vpon their owne fathers, for those their fantasticall and palpable fooleries.

Hydr.

I am very well willing (vpon this thine intreatie) to surceasse forthwith from those their supposed most pitifull plaints; not taking any pleasure at all in such prosecutions, but desiring thereby to make those their vnchristian courses become odious, euen in the eares of all sorts of people. And surely, had those our blindfolded sots but one dram of Gods grace, or one drop of good nature remaining within them, they would eftsoones imagine such patheticall Prosopo∣poeias in their owne sinfull soules. Howbeit, this is certainly a vengeance decreed with God, that as r the prosperitie of

those our foolish Tobacconists is their proper destruction, so sure∣ly the Almightie (in that selfe same decreed vengeance) will euen constraine them perforce to s eate vp the whole crop of their owne foolish waies, and to be filled with the fruites of their former deuices. Yea he will enforce their t appointed po∣uertie to come speedily vpon them as one that passeth apace by the way: and make their allotted beggerie very fiercely to assault them, like a strong armed man.

Capn.

Well Sir, let this fully suffice for those feare∣full effects which more respectiuely concerne their wiues and ••hildren: an•• now lay open those other effects (I pray you) which more generally concerne some other besides.

Hydr.

With a very good will. Wherein thou hast here to obserue, that those selfe same effects, they are either such as more especially concerne the poore Tenants themselues: or such else as more generally appertaine to the publike State.

Capn.

What are those effects first, which more especi∣ally concerne the poore Tenants themselues?

Hydr.

They are all those importable burdens which their intoxicated Land-lords do most grieuously impose vpon the poore mens backs, for the bloudie supplie of their beastly wants. For, these our insatiable suckers of smoke, feeling once (in a miserable experience) that their fiue hundred-pounds yearely reuenewes will not render an allowance to that their prodigall dispending of one hundred pounds yearely at least vpon those their filthie Tobacco fumes, without a finall confu∣sion of their forefathers patrimonie; and perceiuing moreo∣uer, that no one supply of those their superfluous wants may possibly bee expected from any the good blessings of God, but the cursed supplanting rather of their present possessions, they begin eftsoones to cast about with themselues, which way they may assuredly support their fantasticall fooleries, without the finall subuersion of their proper estates. And this imagination of theirs, no sooner possesseth their swim∣ming heads, but the diuell himselfe doth forthwith suggest as pleasing a supply to their swilling hearts; perswading them

seriously (through the diuellish deuice of Christian Craft, that Machiuilian monster which hourely attends on their persons, and vndertakes withall to mannage their domesti∣call affaires) that they may very well raise yearely some two hundred pounds more at the least from among their poore Tenants, towards the timely defraying of those their super∣fluous and idle expences, without any present oppressing of those peasant-like fatbackes at all.

Capn.

Oh monstrous imagination of theirs! All the diuels in hell could neuer haue found forth a more mischie∣uous deuice for the pitifull spoyling of those their poore Tenants.

Hydr.

Very true as thou sayest. For this diuellish deuice is no sooner set on foote by those monstrous Minotaures, but the same is as diuellishly entertained of our Tyger-like Tobacconists, and as perniciously put in present practise by them, and their bloudie Bailifs together. So as, from this sandie foundation doth forthwith arise the monstrous im∣prouing of Lordships, the mercilesse inclosing of seuerall grounds, the insatiable inhaunsing of incomes and fines, the excessiue racking and raising of rents, the beggerly boro∣wing of some three yeares pay before hand at the least; the rufull riding and running; the chargeable carting and cary∣ing, so vncharitably exacted vpon the poore Tenants; their bondslaue-like boonings at euery becke; their extraordina∣rie rent-corne, rent-coales, rent-capons, and I wot not what; together with the vnseasonable haling home of their hungry Land-lord his haruest, notwithstanding the exceeding great losse of their owne, lying all abroad in great danger of waste. Yea from hence also ariseth the taking of so many new lea∣ses, in a needles reuersion; the vnhonest drowning vp of some nine or ten yeares in the old lease at least; the finding forth of some certaine odde quirkes in either of both; and the vn∣equall making of forfeitures in either of both, so oft as poore Tenants refuse to crouch downe like old beaten hounds at their maisters becke, or to supply the insatiable

want of the Land-lords insatiable lusts whensoeuer they call. By all which thou maist plainly perceiue, that these our insatiable suckers of smoke, do nothing else in effect, but euen u batter their poore Tenants to pouder, x grinde the poore mens faces away, y swallow vp the hungrie soules, z buy the needie for shooes, a oppresse the iust in the gate, b make the needie of the land to faile, yea and c insatiably deuoure the innocent bloud, to vp∣hold their insatiable filthie fooleries. So as, the d whole land must tremble for this: and euery man mourne that dwelleth therein.

Capn.

And very well worthie they are. But Sir, Do you absolutely ascribe these fearefull effects, to our insatia∣ble taking of Tobacco fumes alone?

Hydr.

Not so. For howsoeuer it be a most fearefull sinne before the Maiestie of the immortall God, for any man thus vainely to waste his wealth: yet surely this our superfluous sucking in of filthie Tobacco fumes goeth neuer alone by it selfe, but hath (like an amourous Ladie) her lasciuious hang∣bies attending hourely vpon her traine, to aggrauate her needlesse excesse the more in the presence of God. For this burning and scorching flame being once inwardly taken in∣to the bowels; there must necessarily follow, an insatiable quaffing vp of wine, ale, or beere at the least, to allay and quench the excessiue heate of the stomacke. And by the in∣satiable quaffing in of these strong drinks, Dame Venus her selfe beginneth eftsoones so fiercely to be enflamed and set on fire, as nothing in the world but some one of her Damo∣sels, or Draf-sackes at least, must forthwith be fetcht, to calme the new kindled coales of their lusting hearts. And those a∣mourous Damosels so seruiceably attending their becke, & so wantonly seruing their turnes that way, they must not only be most gallantly adorned with whatsoeuer ornaments of brauery themselues, but be courted eftsoones (by those their prodigall paramours) in sundry changeable & charge∣able sutes. And this brauery of apparel, it must be proportio∣nably graced with proud & sumptuous buildings: and those

sumptuous buildings, they speedily procure a prodigall dis∣pending of patrimonies with other like worldly prefer∣ments. And this prodigall dispending of patrimonies, it cannot but impaire our fume-suckers ancient estates. And this needlesse impairing of ancient estates, it must haue for∣sooth some present supply from a pitifull oppressing of the poore Tenants themselues. So as, albeit these sundry most wastefull disorders do all ioyntly concurre in the speedie sub∣uersion of our fume-suckers ancient estates, and therefore we do synecdochically put downe but a part for the whole; yet the filthie Tobacco fume (thou maist plainly perceiue) is now adaies become the Troian horse-bellie of those other hid∣den mischiefes, and the onely Metropolitane of all those monstrous misorders. By the misguidance whereof, our in∣satiable fume-suckers (thou seest) they do nothing in effect: but euen e hatch the Cockatrice egges, and weaue the poysonsome spiders web, f conceiuing mischiefe, and bringing iniquity forth: thus g drawing wickednesse to themselues with the cords of vani∣tie, and sinne, as t•• were with cart-ropes.

Capn.

Let this suffice for those fearefull effects which more especially concerne the poore Tenants themselues: and now shew me (I pray you) those other effects which more generally appertaine to the publike State.

Hydr.

With very good will. And those effects also are such as do primarily proceed from the mightier sort of our filthy fume-suckers: or from the more abiect crew of those our tippling Tobacconists.

Capn.

Very well. But what (first) are those fearefull effects, which do primarily procéed from the mightier sort of our fume-suckers?

Hydr.

They are such monstrous attempts and outragious enormities, as honest minded persons should euen tremble to tell; as men of common humanitie should abhorre to heare; and as holy religious wights should loath in their hearts. For when those our insatiable suckers of filthie fumes are vtterly sunke; when their ancient estates (I meane) haue suffred

such an vnrecouerable ship-wracke, as they know not which way to winde themselues forth from the sands of sorrow, and shelfs of shame, then they forthwith resolue vpon despe∣rate courses for the daily supply of their present wants. For then (forsooth) they will either become magnificent states∣men in Stand-gate hole; or too too humbled suters at Shoo∣ters-hil; or huffing hunts-men on new Market-plaine; or bra∣uing Bow-bearers at Black-moore heath; or hucking Hab∣berdashers on Hog-magog hils; or the Kings cauallering coyne-takers at Crabtree corner; yea or the most fliggering Faulkeners at Flittesse hedge, to let flie at each passengers purse at the least. For as these fellowes can neither h dig, nor delue: so are they most egregiously ashamed to beg their reliefe at honest mens houses.

Capn.

These Sir (I confesse) they are most horrible effects.

Hydr.

They are so indeed. And yet (if no helpe might be found for the same) I could euen heartily wish that these were the worst. Because then it were more safe to suffer some small inconuenience, then desperately admit of an horrible mischiefe. Yea and of two dangerous occurents, rather to tollerate the least of the twaine, then fearefully vndergo the hazard of all.

Capn.

What might be your meaning herein Sir, I beséech you?

Hydr.

My meaning herein is this. Namely, if there could none other helpe at all be had, then were it much better to beare a time with such desperate aduentures as tend to the onely hurt of some priuate persons, then ouer carelesly to neglect the vnnaturall nourse-mother of some such dange∣rous attempts as directly do aime at the publike good of the State. I will demonstrate this matter by an apparent exam∣ple thus.

Those our late traiterous Recusants, they were all (for the most part) but beggerly Bankrupts, and men of very base condition, as Authoritie it selfe (by due inquisition, and pro∣uident

enquirie) found plainly forth, and their owne fauou∣rites themselues very freely confesse. Now those men (for the most part) they were formerly held for professed Tobacco∣nists: namely, for disordered and riotous persons. Who fal∣ling first from Tobacco to tippling; from tippling to who∣ring; from whoring, to a Court-like brauing; from a Court-like brauing, to superfluous building; from a super∣fluous building, to a prodigall dispending of their ancient patrimonies, & other their alloted preferments; from a pro∣digall dispending, to an excessiue want; from an excessiue want, to a wofull malcontented condition; and from their malcontended condition, to the proud pioners most bloudie profession in that the vndermining practise of theirs: where∣in they purposely put downe their pestiferous proiects and plots for their present reliefe. For howsoeuer they made Re∣ligion it selfe vnseemely couerture to those their traite∣rous attempts, because among them, i In the name of God, all mischiefe begins: yet (without doubt) the preposterous sup∣ply for those their profluuious purses, was the principall pro∣pounded period to those their pestilent purposes, and the ful∣ly determined shot-anker of that their subsequent shame. The sequele it selfe doth sound forth at large the truth of the premisses now, how intricate soeuer before. For their intol∣lerable wants became so heauie a burden vnto their vnben∣ded backes, as (before they would too long vndergo the huge weight thereof) they rather most damnably resolued among themselues to massacre our most Christian King, our graci∣ous Queene; our peerlesse young Prince, the whole royall of-spring, the honorable Councell; the Nobles, the Gen∣trie, the Cleargie, the Communaltie, and the happie estate of this our whole countrey: like a most viperous brood, de∣uouring the very belly it selfe wherein they were borne and bred.

Capn.

Oh horrible attempt! What stéelie heart would not tremble and quake at the very hearing thereof? But go to Sir, make haste I beséech you, to the timely vnfolding

of those other effects which more respectiuely procéed from the baser sort of those our tippling Tobacconists.

Hydr.

Content. Wherein also I would haue thee con∣sider afresh, that albeit this sort of tippling Tobacconists bee accompted for men very abiect and base, in comparison of those loftie fume-suckers we spake of before, yet proue they too too pestiferous also to the publ••ke State; and their pre∣tended proiects and plots are much more pernicious that way, then may well be perceiued at first. And howsoeuer these, and the other may seeme somewhat to differ in their seuerall circumferences, they do both of them ioyntly fall iumpe and pat vpon one and the selfesame period of publike disorder. For (concerning any their practicall designements) they mutually march forwards in one and the selfe same cir∣cular motion, I meane, in the pestiferous disturbing and pre∣posterous supplanting of our publike State.

Capn.

Good Sir, I cannot as yet conceiue your purpose herein.

Hydr.

I will thus more expresly demonstrate the same. Be it here supposed that this baser sort of tippling Tobacco∣nists (whether Husbandmen▪ Artificers, Trades-men, Sadlers, Shoo-makers, Taylers, Tinkers, or any other else of the vul∣gar condition) hauing in all▪ but twentie nobles, twentie markes, twentie or fortie pounds maintenance to defray all manner of domesticall charges withall) should weekely dis∣pend some three shillings fourepence vpon filthie Tobacco fumes: who seeth not plainly, but that either their said maintenance must forthwith bee mannaged by some other bad meanes, or this their ancient estate in very short time be shrewdly surprized, and (in a manner) quite subuerted?

Capn.

There is no necessarie consequent in either of both. For behold Sir, they may forthwith surceasse from such a superfluous waste, and eftsoones betake themselues to a much more frugall course.

Hydr.

Surceasse from their former superfluous waste (saist thou) and fall to frugalitie? When the skie falleth so downe

to the ground, wee may haply gather great store of Larks. No, no, its more possible for a man to take an Hare with a tabret and whistle, then turne those bewitched Tobacco∣nists frō that tippling course wherein they were more accusto∣mably bred and brought vp. For howsoeuer they be k wise e∣nough to do wickedly: yet (without question) to do well, they haue no knowledge at all. Do thou but take an exact suruey of any their disordered courses, or desperate attempts in all their assemblies, and at euery time and tide: and then tell me withall, what any one hope may bee had after such a Moone-shine in the water? And whether worse Canker∣wormes can be found in a Christian Common-wealth, then those our l Egyptian Caterpillers.

Capn.

Helpe me good Sir (I beséech you) in such a suruey.

Hydr.

With all my heart. And (for the more orderly ef∣fecting of this our intent) it shall be by a liuely resemblance of them, and their ordinary practises. Let vs therefore accor∣dingly imagine, that Prince Arthur our Aleman, Babble-much the Barber, Barthelet the Butcher, Cocke-on hoope the Cob∣bler, Ding-thrift the Dog-keeper, False-chaps the Fidler, Grout-nolle the Girdeler, Huf-cap the Hunts man, Iustle-king the Ioyner, Lithersbie the Lath-render, Martin the Marriner, Mad-braine the Make-shift, Nichol the Net-mender, Oliuer the Oyster-man, Perkin the Pedler, Partiface the Piper, Proud-mind the Plummer, Runagate the Royster, Simkin the Sithe∣smith, Small-braines the Shoo-maker, Thin-gut the Thatcher, Talke-apace the Taylour, with Tom-trash the Tinker: imagine here (I say) that all and euery of these should mutually assem∣ble themselues at Saint Paltockes Inne, wouldest thou not accompt them m a quaint Crobylian yoke, a congruent clu∣ster (I meane) of prettie carowsing companions?

Capn.

I might (at first sight) so accompt them, I fréely confesse. Howbeit Sir, this your cynicall censure, it will (I feare me) be shrewdly distasted of some: because the Trades themselues which you speake of here (being

rightly respected) are very commendable, yea and sundry men of those selfe same trades, are worthily reputed for ho∣nest persons.

Hydr.

Distasted of some (sayest thou?) A silie poore wit∣lesse some they are (be thou sure) who wot not how to di∣stinguish betweene those trades themselues, and the men in those trades. For I do not here censure those good trades themselues, nor the honest men whatsoeuer, imployed in any of those commendable trades: onely I taxe the scum and of∣scouring of honest men, and the palpable abusers of those the good trades whatsoeuer. And therefore (to proceede direct∣ly in that our former suruey,) let vs imagine that either all, or some certaine of these should purposely assemble them∣selues at Arthur ale-mans house about eight or nine of the clocke in the morning, with a ioynt and full resolution there to hold out side till eleuen or twelue in the night: what kind of coile (thinkest thou) would those our quaint companions keepe there for all the day long?

Capn.

When the good ale were once got in the head, and wit gone out, I feare me Sir, they would kéepe a ve∣ry bad coile.

Hydr.

Thou mayest be assured of that, if thou but obserue their ordinarie courses. For (hauing ioyntly determined vp∣on the match making) to make then their sweete liquor of life the appointed period to all those their pot-like procee∣dings, they suppose it not greatly amisse, to begin the match first, by drinking in measure next their hearts; that is, each man (for his share) must carouse a whole quart at a clap, for cu∣ring his eie-sight. After all this, they mispend some quarter of an houre in questioning about the maner of their Hostes∣ses brewing, and in commending most highly that last bre∣wed liquor of life. But now (forsooth) perceiuing some so∣daine cold qualme ouerwhelming their queasie stomackes by reason that their lately receuied liquor lieth cold in the same, they do call forthwith for one ounce of Tobacco, for a Tobacco pipe, and a greasie candle to kindle the same: suc∣king

in (by course) that filthie Tobacco fume, as eagerly (I as∣sure thee) as the hungrie horse-leach sucketh vp the putrified bloud from a sore bruised leg. This is no sooner done, but they begin eftsoones to feele the fierie scorching flame of that filthie Tobacco fume, to fret and burne in their bellies: and thereupon, they do presently call for a whole yard of ale, that is, for so many fresh cups of that their beloued liquor, as may stand one by one within a yard compasse euery way. With these they resolue to allay, and to quench the outragi∣ous heate in their belching breasts: wherein also they do make exceeding much haste, for feare of fiering their rubie vermilion noses. This purpose performed, they perceiue their former fierie stomackes so sodainly cooled, and do then feele withall, such a chilling cold dispersing it selfe throughout all the parts of their bodie, as they feare to be forthwith surpri∣sed with a cold deadly palsie, or to fall eftsoones into some new feauer-lurden at least: and thereupon they take Tobacco afresh: and withall (for preuenting the worst) they do call forth a whole Iurie of fresh cups, to conclude and determine the good estate of their bodies. The first quart cup of those twelue (being called Tom Troth) they do make the foreman of the Iurie: swearing him forthwith, to giue vp a very true verdict concerning this present point, and to kisse the booke, that is, to cleaue close to their pale coloured lips till all the liquor be out. After him, Brafield-font he is next called, and so all the rest of their Iurie in order: telling them one by one, that the same oath which their fore-man had taken, must e∣uery one of them also (for their parts) take and fulfill, so helpe t••em Belzebub, in the name of bleare-eied Bacchus their ale-mighty soule-slayer, & to kiffe the said booke as be∣fore. The Iurie now hauing thus deuoutly taken their oathes, and very deepely considered their late-giuen charge to the bottome, Breede-bate y^e Bailieffe he cries, A verdict, a verdict. Whereupon Prince Arthur the ale-man (being then made the deputed Rhadamanthus ouer those his tippling Tobacco∣nists) he readily receiueth the verdict, as followeth: Namely,

that (howsoeuer all the rest of their damned crew, are in pret∣tie good case) Cocke-on hoope the Cobler is fallen into very great danger, hauing too too beastly surfeited in his swine-like bodie, and being soule-sicke to death: so as there is none other way with him for the present, but forthwith to dispose of his last Will and Testament, and so to betake himselfe (hand ouer head) into the hands of Pluto his magnificent Lord and maister.

Capn.

A very sharpe verdict. But Sir, what was the successe thereof?

Hydr.

Vpon the hearing of this late-giuen verdict, the whole company aduise Cocke-on hoope to deuise of a Will: who willingly consented thereunto. And thereupon Rince∣pot the Register, he is sent for in haste, to write & record the same. Rince-pot (hauing formally put downe the stile of the Testament) doth aske him withall, what he would haue him write. Cocke-on-hoope willeth him to write word for word from his mouth, as he vtters them forth: which (immediatly after the ordinarie stile) was thus in effect: namely, Drinke, then more drinke, then a little more drinke, then yet more drinke, then a little modicum of Bakers bread, then drinke a∣gaine, then more drinke, then a little more drinke, then yet more drinke, and so forth. Item, I appoint Arthur Ale-man mine onely Executor, making Huf-cap the Hunts-man, and Small-braines the Soomaker, the ioynt Superuisers of this my last Testament: allowing them all three, a full pipe of Tobacco, for their paines that way. Witnesse hereunto, the whole ras∣kallike-rabblement of this our damned crew. Go to now (saith Cocke-on hoope) let me heare my last Testament. Con∣tent (quoth Rince-pot) and thereupon (crying Silence my maisters) he read the same forth in this following order:

In the name of Belzebub, amen. I Cocke-on hoope Cobler, being now most shrewdly surfeited in my beastly bodie by reason of the good ale suddes, and damnablie soule-sicke in these my damned delights, but yet of a reeling and rotten remembrance, blessed be Bacchus therefore, do ordaine this

my last Will and Testament, in manner and forme follo∣wing. First, I bequeath my beastly body to Bacchus mine onely ale-mightie protector, and the same to be buried di∣rectly vnder our gallowes, at the East townes end: surren∣dring withall my swine-like soule into Belzebubs hands, to be shrined vp for euer in the neathermost Stygian gulph. Then next, I bequeath to the whole societie of these my ca∣rousing companions, as followeth: Namely, drinke, more drinke, a little more drinke, yet more drinke, then a little mo∣dicum of Bakers bread: then drinke againe, then more drinke, then yet a little more drinke, and so forth. Item, I appoint Arthur ale-man, the sole and onely Executor of this my last Testament, making Huf-cap the Hunts-man, and Small-braines the Shoomaker, my ioynt superuisers; allowing to euery of them, a full pipe of Tobacco for his paines taken that way. Witnesse hereunto, the whole Rascabilian rabblement of this our damnable Crew. Lo this (quoth Rince-pot) is here set downe as your last Will and Testament: How like you thereof? I do like it (saith Cocke-on hoope) exceeding well, sauing in one onely point, namely, that little modicum of Ba∣kers bread marreth all: if that were some way amended, I do ••ot doubt to recouer forthwith. Can you not put out the modicum of Bakers bread clean, and put downe a good pipe of Tobacco in the place thereof? That may be done with a trice (quoth Rince-pot) and so accordingly recordeth the same. Cocke-on hoope, at the hearing thereof (being somthing recouered of his surfeiting sicknesse) he biddeth Groutnolle the Girdler to reach maister Rince-pot the bottome of the pot for his paines: and withall prayeth False-chaps the Fiddler, & Partie-face the Piper to play him his resurrexit à mortuis. At which his idle conceite, the whole company they fell forth∣with into an exceeding loud laughter: and thereupon (cal∣ling eftsoones for faire Allicocke their Hostesse, as also for her fine minion, mistresse Winefride the wring-spigot) they held it an ancient kind of carousing curtesie (in a merrie memento) to kisse both of them round for feare of some ranckling.

Capn.

But, how did Arthur her Husband like of that matter?

Hydr.

Exceedingly well: and no maruell at all. For it is the manner of such cup-shotten companions, to accompt those wiues the best wiues (what baddes-bies soeuer) which with one after-noones sport, are able to make their pottage∣pot play the better for a whole weeke together. Howbeit, here began the new broyle. Breede-hate, he breweth a mar∣uellous brawle about his ordinary Fee for summoning the Grand-Iurie before; and Runagate the Royster, he lendeth him a sound cuffe on the eare for the same. Whereupon the whole crew of companions fell a scuffling together, neither once knowing, nor yet caring whom they do strike, so they may soundly light pat on any mans pate. In this their drun∣ken fought fray, there was giuen many a broken head, be∣sides sundry drie blowes about their shoulders. At length they friendly parted themselues: and thereupon Arthur (to saue his recognizance) conueyes them one from another in∣to seuerall corners, there to sleepe out the good-ale suddes. After all this (hauing somewhat recouered their senses) they call forthwith for a reckoning: which came iust to twentie shillings ten pence for ale, and seuen shillings sixe for Tobacco and candle. Such as had present money payed their shares: and such as had none, either layed downe their pawnes, or else ranne on the score till a further reckoning. And then (calling for a fresh paire of cardes, and their reckoning cups) they thought good to conclude their sport, with a game or too at Poope-noddie.

Capn.

At Poope noddie Sir? What game (I beséech you) is that?

Hydr.

What Capnistus? art thou a professed Tobacconist: and knowest not Poope-noddie? I had thought the very hearing of these former disorders, would haue made thee acquainted therewith. Well then, I will shew thee the whole sport, according to the credible information of such as lear∣ned the same themselues in a sound and setled experience.

Marke it well man; for this (I assure thee) it is: Namely, all the kine out of the stall; all the sheepe out of the fold; all the corne out of the barne; all the coine out of the coffer; all the webs out of the wardrobe; all the pennies out of the purse; all the drinke out of the pot; all the wit out of the head; all the shame out of the face; all honestie out of the heart; bodie it selfe vnderneath the boord; and soule and all to the diuell. Lo here the sway of Poope-noddie: and this for a short suruey concerning any their disordered courses.

Capn.

Disordered courses indéed. But yet Sir, these courses (how disordered soeuer) they hurt onely them∣selues: neither do I perceiue as yet, how the same should be greatly pernicious to the good of our publike State.

Hydr.

Surely, Capnistus, thou art ouer shallow of conceit to deale in deeper matters of policie, if thou perceiuest not this. For (besides the great hurt which those our Tobacco∣nists do causelesly procure to their owne proper persons and states) is it not exceedingly hurtfull to the publik good of our countrey, that any such able persons should be so carelesly permitted to cassier their publike callings; to leade an idle and loytring life; to lose their precious times; to abandon their ancient trades; to neglect their charges; to consume their patrimonies; to lauish forth their worldly preferments; to waste their whole wealth; & so to procure such needlesse pouerty vpon themselues and all theirs, as they must be en∣forced perforce, either to beg their bread, or to be maintai∣ned vpon publike charge at the least: to the vntimely imbea∣zilling of their present prouision, and the preposterous vn∣dermining of publike good? Tell me (I pray thee) whether these their disordered courses do not collaterally and con∣sequently become very pestiferous to our publike State? Be∣sides that, these disordered persons, they are egregiously scandalous to sundry such others of like disposition, in giuing them all a very pernicious president to such profluuious ex∣pences as they are naturally prone vnto, by procuring them

to the like disordered practises; by causing them very care∣lesly to foreslip their present auailes; to lose their precious times; to neglect their commendable callings; to cast off all Christian care concerning themselues, their wiues, their chil∣dren, and all the folke of their familie; yea and euen prodi∣gally to dispend, and wastefully to consume their worldly wealths vpon vanishing and vaine delights. Are not these squandring courses of theirs become very pestiferous presi∣dents, and most pernicious practises (thinkest thou) to the vndoubted preiudice of our publike State? For how should publike States be prouidently supported, and safely preser∣ued in their publike good: without the honest cares, the care∣full endeuours, and industrious labours of men in their sun∣dry professions and callings? And who shall attend vpon such industrious, laborious, and painefull endeuours, if all sorts of trades-men should confusedly become such carousing com∣panions? And why should Cocke-on hoope the Cobler, or Ding-thrift the Dog-keeper, or False-chaps the Fidler, or Li∣thersbie the Lath-render, or Partiface the Piper, or Small-braines the Shoo-maker; or Spend-all the Spurrier, or any o∣ther else of that retchlesse rascabilian route, be more priui∣ledged to plod forth their precious times in any such pestife∣rous practises, then either Bonny-boy the Barber; or Doubti-man the Draper; or Honest-heart the Hatter; or Lustie-lad the Labourer; or Trusty-man the Mason; or True-pennie the Tay∣lour; or Labour-hard the Lock-smith, or any other man else that make conscience of their calling, that do n eate the bread of carefulnesse, that (as the beloued of God) do re∣pose their whole rest in his gracious and most mercifull pro∣uidence?

Capn.

It is certainly euen so as you say.

Hydr.

Very well. And will not then (thinkest thou) these the disordered courses of those our carousing companions become very pernicious occasions of breeding and procu∣ring a maruellous discontentednesse in the mindes of these other industrious persons, all the while they perceiue them

thus wastefully to liue of the spoile? The pretie Pismires prouiding o their meate in sommer, and gathering their winter foode in the haruest before, they can (by no meanes) abide and sloathfull Ants in their companie. The painefull Bees they cannot possibly endure that any idle Drones in the hiue, should p sucke vp the sweete of their diligent labours. And how (thinkest thou) may these our honest minded labouring men (at any hand) be made to mannage the ruinated estates of any such monstrous Minotaures as seeke nothing else (in effect) but euen vtterly to massacre and spoile their owne, and other mens publike preferments? No, no, they will ra∣ther run desperately vpon them at once, like q fierce Assyrian Bees; or cruelly r cluster about them as an angry swarme; or s chase them away from their hiue at the least, like Amo∣rite waspes; and so send them t to beg their bread in desolate places.

Capn.

And very well worthie they are.

Hydr.

But yet this would I haue thee obserue herewithall: namely, that y^e honester minded sort, grow maruellously mis∣contented with those their monstrous misorders. For, out vp∣on those gracelesse Ding-thrifts say they: what an excessiue spoile do they make of all the good blessings of God? Wee must be carking and caring, while they sit carousing and car∣ding; we must be labouring, while they lie loytring; we must be toyling at home, while they are tippling and trifling a∣broade; we must be warily working in haruest, while they are wantonly wasting at ale-houses; yea we (alas) must bee spending our spirits at plough, while they lie spoyling our purses at play. What reason haue we to become bondslaues for bellie-gods; poore Saint Christophers, for proud carousers, diligent drudgs, for such desperate drunkards; yea and most prouident sparers, for such prodigall spenders? Is it not strange that authoritie should so curbingly bridle vs in, and so carelesly cast the raines in their neckes to all licentious courses? That they should so greeuously u bind burdens vpon vs while our backes are readie to burst; and so egregiously

to winke at their carousing of cup after cup, while their bel∣lies are readie to breake? That they should so chargeably ex∣act payment after payment vpon euery of vs for the necessa∣rie support of publike affaires▪ and so vncharitably grant payment to any of them for the pernicious supply of those their prodigall dispendings? Or that a weekely contribution towards the poore, should be imposed vpon euery of vs: and a weekely distribution thereof be so pestiferously allowed to euery of them, to the irreligious robbing of poore men in∣deed and the profluuious dispending of our proper wealths? Much better were we to forsake our painefull professions, and to follow eftsoones their prodigall practises, with an hourely expectation of like publike reliefe, then (in this sort) to toile and turmoile our selues about a pestiferous sup∣portation of any their retchlesse reliefe. Lo here (Capnistus) how these honest poore men grow malcontented against those monstrous Minotaures? how they begin to distaste au∣thoritie for their pestiferous permission? yea and how bit∣terly they murmure at those superfluous impositions which they are enforced eftsoones to vndergo about the vnnecessa∣rie releeuing of these our riotous rungates? May not these beginnings of mischiefe become very pestiferous in the end (thinkest thou) to our publike State?

Capn.

Yes verily may they: and it were very conueni∣ent they should be circumspectly preuented in time.

Hydr.

Very true as thou sayest. Howbeit (in the meane time) these our tippling Tobacconists they run headlong an end vpon sundrie other disordered courses, no lesse perni∣cious to our publike State then those other before. For when their patrimonies are all dispended; when their world∣ly wealth is vtterly wasted; yea when those their profluui∣ous purses haue thus prodigally poured forth the best bloud in their bellies, then they bring their hungrie Hostesse some pretie pawne or pledge for their beloued liquor. Then their houshold trash must trudge forth; then their whole webs of cloth must walke; then their bras pots, their bras-pans, their

platters and the rest, must be purloyned away for the vnneces∣sarie purchase of the blacke stone pot, and their pretie Tobac∣co pipe: yea then the very couerlet and sheetes from their bed must be carelesly chaffered forth for their filthie Tobacco fumes, and causlesse carousing cups. And now (hauing their faces frecked ouer with a crimson colour, and their wits well whitled with the good-ale suds, and perceiuing withall, the pulse-veine of those their profluuious purses to beate ve∣ry weake for want of further supply) they begin forthwith to cast about for their neighbours chickins, to houer vp and downe for their hens; yea and eftsoones to prey vpon their yong sucking pigs, for their owne and their hungrie Hostes∣ses tooth, and what not besides? Tell me (I pray thee Capni∣stus) are not these their disordered courses become very pestiferous practises to our publike State?

Capn.

They are so, I must néeds confesse.

Hydr.

Well then, let vs here forbeare to speake further of their disordered courses; and now turne our talke towards some of their l••te most dangerous attempts against the good of our State: to see whether these our tippling Tobacconists be not that waies also become most pernicious and pestilent companions towards y^e wished welfare of our publike State. For when they haue played the Poope-noddies too long in dispending their worldly preferments after such a riotous sort, and are also enforced to feele the present want of their filthie fume, and to perceiue some lacke of that their beloued liquor, not knowing which waies in the world to supply their said wants: then they begin eftsoones to pray for the pestilence, to wish for wars, to hope for a change, to broach many dangerous babbles about some sodaine inuasion; to mutter forth certaine mutinous murmurings concerning some ciuill dissensions among men of State; yea and to wish the whole land on an vproare at least: that so they might come to make present spoile of Haukin-holdfast his house, or to preie vpon Godfrey-gather-goods purse. Tell me now Capnistus, are not these their desperate attempts most dan∣gerously

pestiferous to the present good of our publike State?

Capn.

I dare not denie them to be certainly so.

Hydr.

And yet these (alas) they are but the beginnings of mischiefe, in comparison of those their subsequent most des∣perate attempts. For (feeling once a greater increase of their present wants, and perceiuing all further supply therein to decrease more and more) they do then forthwith become professed malcontents against the well setled peace of our publike State: wishing and praying eftsoones for their long expected Iubilee: and hoping earnestly after a presposterous deliuerance from all dutifull subiection towards their holie Superiors: telling their carousing companions, that it will neuer be merrie with boon-companions in England, before the inhabitants of England bee vp together by the eares a∣mong themselues. For then (say they) would forthwith be∣gin the sport: then should we come to Catch that catch may; yea then should we compell our countrey cormorants them∣selues, to catch at a broun-bread crust: whereas those mer∣cilesse peasants do now leade the whole world in a string, and deale with good fellowes as it pleaseth themselues. Then would wee soone make their full barnes to supply the long lacke of this our beloued liquor, then would we constraine their rustie red ruddockes to run at our becke, and to attend vpon the pleasure of vs, and the rest of our carousing com∣panions: yea then would we cause their inclosures to cracke. How sayeth thou Capnistus to these their desperate attempts, are they not (thinkest thou) most dangerously pestiferous to the present peace of our publike State?

Capn.

Surely Sir, their desperate prate it selfe is very pernicious: for it puts disordered persons in present mind of some such desperate practises, as cannot but greatly pre∣iudice the long and well setled peace of this our publike State.

Hydr.

Thou speakest the truth. And therefore, their ve∣ry prate it selfe would forthwith be sharply suppressed, for

feare of some subsequent mischiefe. Howbeit, these our tip∣pling Tobacconists (those riotous companions I meane) they feare not to surpasse the pestilent bounds of that their pestiferous prate, by putting in present practise all those perni∣cious proiects and plots which their pestilent tongues had so audaciously, and so vndutifully prated of, long before. For Mad-braine the Make-shift, Proud-mind the Plummer, Small∣braines the Shoomaker, and Iustle king the Ioyner, they do no sooner heare speech of causing Inclosures to crack, but forth∣with they care not a point to cracke their desperate consci∣ence on peeces, in an vndutifull vndertaking to set such a pe∣rillous practise on foote: arming themselues, and animating their desperate associates to the ioynt and speedier perfor∣mance (forsooth) of such a preposterous enterprise. Preten∣ding withall (to such as demand a reason of those their des∣perate aduentures) that one Maister Neede did this way set them on worke; that they were resolued to deale no further therin, but according to Maister Mend-all his only direction, and with the authenticall warrant besides of an old penall Statute against such hurtfull Inclosures: yea and that also (for their protection and pay) they marched vnder the approued conduct of Captaine Pouch. This exploit was no sooner brui∣ted abroad, but the very garbage of gracelesse subiection; they off-scouring of honestie; the scumme of humanitie; yea the whole rif-raffe of vicious persons came flocking thicke and threefold from euery coast vnto their accursed company: reporting abroad, they had twelue pence aday for their paines, with wine, ale, and beere so much as their bellies would hold. These flying reports drew multitudes vnto them from euery place, and procured them many moe fauourets wheresoeuer they came: who would not sticke on their ale∣bench to say, God speed the plough, though yet they durst not afford them their presence. How sayest thou Capnistus, are not these the odde youths of our countrey? Are not these our old suresbies to serue at a pinch, and to helpe our State at any dead lift? What saist thou mā, to these desperate practises?

Capn.

I should accompt them desperate practices in∣déed, had they not had the Kings broade-seale for their war∣rant: which was commonly reported they had.

Hydr.

The Kings broade-seale for their warrant? Fie, fie for shame man, that any such the incredible reports of idle∣brain'd fellowes, should once make thee imagine we had but a foole to our King.

Capn.

God forbid that such a grosse and vndutifull imagination should euer be found in any true hearted sub∣iect. For all the whole world doth vniuersally both know, and acknowledge his Highnesse to haue a most admirable, superexcellent, and sanctified wisedome.

Hydr.

They do so I confesse, and this also not without a iustly deserued cause, I assure thee: beseeching the Almigh∣tie Iehouah thatx onely wise God, euen ten y times yet more to double his spirit of wisedome vpon him. And yet without doubt, his Highnesse should herein haue shewed a very slender vse of his said excellent wisdome; if (as that rebellious rout made publike report) he should (by his Prerogatiue royall) first priuiledge them to dispark and disclose all such Inclosures: & then should forth with authentically arme a subordinate po∣wer to suppresse their person with z the sharpe sword of ven∣geance, if none other peaceable meanes might make them de∣sist from those their desperate attempts. For how long (thin∣kest thou) could his Highnesse securely continue a superemi∣nent King ouer England, if he should so improuidently haue set all his subiects in England together by the eares?

Capn.

Not halfe so long (I feare me) as a my heartie de∣sire is he may by many hundred yeares: if it were so the good pleasure of God. And surely, the whole world may now plainly perceiue by the sequele it selfe, that those foolish re∣ports were purposely prolated abroad, to make the foolish people applaud their irregular procéedings. But yet Sir, it was commonly said, that the yong Prince himselfe (by the peremptorie command of his mercifull mother) was priuately conuersant with thē, to protect their procéedings

this way: and moreouer, that the good King of Denmarke himselfe was personally, and newly entred England with fortie thousand strong to mannage their matter in hand.

Hydr.

Oh heauens! Oh hell! Oh horrible hideous hel∣hounds! Was it likely (thinkest thou) that the enterprise it selfe should euer attaine to an happy end, which was former∣ly begun, and forthwith continued with such horrible and such monstrous lies? Although yet this their diuellish dissem∣bling doth palpably discouer their diuellish dissent to all the world, and that their impudent lying, most apparently vn∣folds their impudent b lying father the diuell. For is it possible (thinkest thou) that such a pearelesse Prince should proudly attempt, or such a gracious Queene, should preposterously command any one proiect or plot, so authentically, and so pe∣remptorily countermanded by his most excellent Highnesse before? Or is it credible in nature, that a naturall King, yea a King of such a sanctified nature withall, should so vnnatu∣rally permit his owne naturall Prince (being the c primarie of-spring of his fatherly strength) the secondarie supply of his princely succession, and the happy eternitie also of Englands princely hope on earth: is it credible (I say) that such a pru∣dent fatherly King should so improuidently permit his owne naturall sonne (in such dangerous manner) to sort himselfe among such degenerate and desperate monsters, as neither re∣garded God nor the diuell in those their desperate and dan∣gerous attempts?

And now next (concerning the good King of Denmarke himselfe) may it in any humane reason (thinkest thou) bee possibly brought within the compasse of paganish humanity, that an humane King (being withall so good and so Christian a King, a King ouer a nation so humane and Christian, an hu∣mane kingly brother to so humane and Christian a King) should so inhumanely, and so vnchristianly inuade so humane and Christian a kingdome; either to mannage so inhumane, and so vnchristian an enterprise, or once to vndertake so in∣humane, and so vnchristian an exploite? God forbid that

any humane, or Christian-minded man should once dare (so inhumanely and so vnchristianly to dreame of any such pal∣pable fooleries: or that any sound-hearted subiects should seeke to shelter such desperate attempts, vnder any such plau∣sible pretences.

Capn.

I wish so much with all my heart. Neither did I euer admit such an idle imagination to enter my head: how∣soeuer (by obiecting the same to your selfe) I déemed it ve∣ry conuenient that those their palpable fooleries, and trea∣cherous pretences should thus be desplayed to all y^• world. But yet Sir, many men (notwithstanding) do confidently affirme that they had the warrant of an old statute law, a∣gainst such a lawlesse inclosing or arrable grounds conuer∣ted to pasture.

Hydr.

I do not denie, but that (for the necessarie vphol∣ding of husbandrie, as also against the apparent decaying of tillage) there haue bene sundrie good penall statutes proui∣ded from time to time. First in the d reigne of Henrie the sea∣uent▪ y^e same also being further fortified by sundry other like godly statutes, in the reigne of Henrie the eight; with a fresh corroboration also therof, at sundry other Parlaments since, in the flourishing reign of our late soueraigne Ladie Queene Elizabeth: yea and those also more fully confirmed since by the Kings most excellent Highnesse, at his very first entrance into this his kingdome. So as wise men may iustly wonder that any one of those our e gripers and grinders of poore mens faces, should not be grosly ashamed to shew their shamelesse faces, in but once daring either to vphold their old, or to ad∣uenture so boldly vpon any other new inclosing of tillage, contrary to those the former most forcible statues, conside∣ring especially the greeuous penalties imposed vpon euery such wilfull transgression.

But what? doth it follow thereof (thinkest thou) that (be∣cause for the needful vpholding of tillage there are prouided many good statutes,) therefore these disordered persons (for the better preseruation of tillage) might (at their priuate plea∣sures)

very boldly pull downe whatsoeuer Inclosures against those the said statutes? Nothing lesse. And therefore, it was to no purpose at all for those persons to pretend so pre∣sumptuously the supposed timely supportation of those their disordered attempts from any those penall statutes, vnlesse they could shew in some one of those statutes, an apparent Prouiso at least; that one maister Neede, maister Mend-all, maister Proud-mind the Plummer, maister Small-braines the Shoo-maker, maister lustle-king the Ioyner, with the residue of that rafcabilian rebellious rout (so riotously marching vnder the conduct of Captaine Pouch) had speciall priuiledge to disparke and disclose such lawlesse Inclosures euen in an open despite of the owners themselues, as also, in a rebelli∣ous contempt of our gracious Soueraigne.

Capn.

Sir, I am certainly assured there is no such Pro∣uiso at all, in any one of those the forenamed statutes.

Hydr.

Then am I also as certainly assured, that they did more then they might do by much. And so (for that their law∣lesse vsurpation of the Princes sword contrary to Christ his commandement, who chargeth all priuate persons to put vp the sword into his owne place: because, whosoeuer in such sort vsurpeth f the sword, shall be sure to perish with the sword) they were therefore most iustly suppressed by that the Prince his authenticall sword, who g beares not the same for nought, but is the subordinate minister of that immortall Prince who hath power to take an ineuitable vengeance on such as do euill.

Capn.

But Sir, séeing those kinde of Inclosures, are so directly opposite to the good lawes of our land, as I per∣ceiue by the former statutes they are: it séemeth strange to those disordered persons themselues, as also to their fauou∣rites of euery sort, that such an hard hand should be caried against them, for but pulling downe that which is so direct∣ly opposite to the law it selfe.

Hydr.

Howsoeuer all those kinds of Inclosures which directly do tend to the hinderance of husbandrie, and decay

of tillage be vndoubtedly opposite to those the established lawes of our land, as I she wed thee before: yet had those dis∣ordered persons no one law of the land (in such riotous and rebellious sort) to pull downe Inclosures; but rather y^e sharpe lawes of our land against euery such disordered and vnlaw∣full attempt: as is apparently euident in h sundry good penall statutes prouided against riots, routes, and vnlawfull assem∣blies. And therefore, no hard, but an heedfull hand for pub∣like good, was so carried against them.

Capn.

I must néeds acknowledge so much as you say, if (indéed) there be any such sharpe lawes prouided against those disordered actions: and therefore I beséech you set downe some summarie abridgement of those selfe same lawes, as well for my further satisfaction herein, as also for a necessarie caueat or watchword to all others hereaf∣ter, to beware how they deale afresh in any such disordered actions.

Hydr.

With all my heart; and therefore, giue eare to the words of those statutes as followeth thus: If i any persons to the number of twelue or aboue, shall intend, go about, practise, or put in vre with force of armes vnlawfully, and of their owne autho∣ritie, to ouerthrow, cut, breake, cast downe, or dig vp the pales, hed∣ges, ditches, or other the Inclosure of any parke, or other ground inclosed; or the bankes of a fish-pond, or poole; or any Conduicts for water, Conduict-heads, or Conduict-pipes hauing course of wa∣ter; to the intent that any of the same from thenceforth should re∣maine open, not inclosed, or void; or vnlawfully to haue common, or way in the said Parke, or other ground inclosed, or in any of them; or to destroy the Deere in any Parke; or any warren of Conies, or any Doue houses; or any Fish in any Fish-pond or Poole; or to pull, or cut downe any houses, barnes, mils, or baies, or to burne any stacks of corne; or to abate, or diminish the rents, or yearely value of any lands, or tenements, or the price of any victuall, corne or graine, or any other things vsuall for the sustenance of men; and being required or commanded by any Iustice of Peace, or by the Sheriffe of the Countie, or by the Maior, Bailieffe or Bailieffes, or other head-offi∣cers

of any Citie, or towne-corporate where such assemblies shall be had, by Proclamation to be made in the Kings name, to returne in peaceable manner to their places and houses from whence they came: and they or any of them (notwithstanding such Proclamation) shall remaine and make their continuance together, by the space of one whole houre after such commandement or request made by Procla∣mation; or after that, shall (in forcible manner) do, or put in vre any of the things before mentioned: then as well euery such conti∣nuing together, as euery such Act, that (after such commandement, or request by Proclamation made) shall be done, practised, or put in vre by any persons being aboue the number of t••elue, shall be ad∣iudged felonie; and the offenders therein, shall be adiudged felons, and shall suffer onely the execution of death, as in cases of felonie. Lo here Capnistus, whether there be not a plaine sta••ute di∣rectly against such disordered and vnlawfull attempts: what sayest thou vnto it?

Capn.

In déede Sir, I do now perceiue that the case is very cleare against all such riots, routs, and vnlawfull as∣semblies for any the forenamed intents, by what persons soeuer attempted: and therefore, I dare not (in any sort) approue of the late vnlawfull enterprise of those disordered persons. And yet (had not some bad practices by sundry of lewd disposition) incensed and raised vp the people of euery Towne thereabouts, for very shame to yéeld their present assistance to that vnlawfull enterprice; neither had the assemblie it selfe bene so mightie as it was, by many hundred folds; nor the primarie attempters thereof (be∣ing but few in number before) neuer would, nor could haue continued the disorder so long as they did: and there∣fore, thē selues & their fauourites thinke there should haue bin had a more respectiue pitie vpon the first actors thereof.

Hydr.

Nay, not one whit. For as it was their owne dis∣order first, which subiected their persons to such a sharpe and bitter suppression: so surely, all those the incensers and ray∣sers of others whosoeuer they be, they are (by the iust sen∣tence of law) made liable likewise to the selfe same punish∣ment,

as appeareth in those the forenamed statutes, telling them thus. If k any person or persons vnlawfully and without au∣thoritie, by ringing of any bels, sounding of any trumpet, drumme, horne, or other instrument, or by fiering of any Beacon, or by malici∣ous speaking, or vttering of any words, or making any outcry, or by setting vp, or casting of any bill or writing abrode, or by any other act, shall raise, or cause to be raised, or assembled, any persons to the num∣ber of twelue or aboue; to the intent that they should do or put in vre any of the things aboue mentioned; and that the persons (to the num∣ber of twelue, or aboue) so raised and assembled after request, or commandement had, or giuen in forme aforesaid, shall continue to∣gether as is aforesaid, or vnlawfully, and in forcible manner shall commit, or put in vre any of the things aforesaid: then all and sin∣gular persons, by whose speaking, act, or any other meanes aboue spe∣cified, any persons to the number of twelue or aboue, shall be raised or assembled fo•• the doing, or putting in vre any thing, or things aboue mentioned, sh••ll be adiudged for his so speaking or doing, a felon, and shall suffer execution of death, as in case of felonie. What sayest thou Capnistus, to these raisers of vnlawfull assemblies? doth such action of theirs either helpe themselues, or any way quallifie the disordered enterprise of those other disor∣dered persons?

Capn.

Neither of both, if I my selfe vnderstand the matter aright. But Sir, howsoeuer the concourse of people (in those their vnlawfull assemblies) was growne to a wonderful greatnesse: yet surely, had they not bene excée∣dingly animated, encouraged, and hardned forwards in those their disordered enterprises by such as assisted them with meate, drinke, monie, and other like néedful supplies, they neither would, nor could possibly haue held out so long as they did: and therefore, so much the more to be pitied, as them selues and sundry others suppose.

Hydr.

Not fo. And surely, euen this which they say here, doth rather aggrauate, then extenuate the act. For it plainly purporteth to all the world, that neither their loue to God and the King; nor the conscionable obedience to his Maie∣sties

lawes, neither yet the terrour of threatned death, but the onely exceeding great want of some needfull supply for the present, could possibly suppresse the outrage of those their vnruly attempts. And as for those their inconsiderate and rash releeuers, it had bene much better for euery of them, to haue left such vnlawfull assemblies succourlesse at sixe and seauen, without yeelding them succour at all, then (by the preposterous supply of those their preposterous wants) to procure their owne present woes, in making them selues guiltie likewise of those their iustly deserued punishments: as by the former statutes is very apparent, telling them thus: If l any wife, or seruant of any of the same persons assembled, or any other person else whatsoeuer, shall willingly, and without compulsion bring, send, deliuer, or conuey any monie, harnesse, artillery, weapon, meate, bread, drinke, or other victuall, to any person or persons so assembled as is aforesaid, during such time as her or they shall so bee together: then euery wife, seruant, or other person so bringing, sen∣ding, deliuering, or conueying any of the foresaid things to the same persons so assembled, or to any of them, and not departing to their dwelling places vpon request or commandement made vnto them as is aforesaid, shall be adiudged a Fellon, and shall suffer onely the execution of death as in cases of fellonie. These things exactly considered, what thinkest thou now of that former hard hand, so vniustly surmized, against them selues, their abettors, procurers, and counsellers; as also, their assistants, aiders, and comforters: were they not very well worthie of whatsoeuer hard measure befell them?

Capn.

I must néeds acknowledge the same from my heart. Although yet, they them selues, and their fantasti∣call fauourites so couertly séeme to impose some imputa∣tion of blame vpon those his Maiesties Iustices who were next to the places where they so assembled them selues: be∣cause they no sooner suppressed the outrage, or euer it came to such a strong head; as also, for that they then caried so hard an hand in suppressing the same as they did.

Hydr.

Oh horrible ingratitude of base minded monsters!

that would so outragiously procure their owne hurt, and then thus vnhonestly go about to impose the blame thereof vpon those his Maiesties Iustices, whom rather they ought to re∣uerence and loue all the daies of their life, in an onely regard of that their exceeding great lenitie, and Christian care to restraine their said excessiue outrage, with none or as little spilling of bloud as possibly might be. For, did not those his Maiesties Iustices from time to time (by all gentle and louing allurements) very earnestly labour their peaceable and quiet departures in euery place? Did they not rather aduenture the hazard of m an hundred pounds apeece in regard of their kind and godly forbearance a while, then that they would set too fiercely vpon them at first? And (hauing solemnely published his Maiesties late Proclamation in euery open market) did they not euen then also intimate eftsoones his Maiesties further pleasure concerning their speedie suppres∣sing by force and armes, if none other meanes else would serue the turne? Yea and (which more is by much) did they not (with often intreaties, againe and againe) perswade them to a peaceable departure, or euer they published the appointed Proclamation against their outragious disorders, or did once endeuour to put the seueritie of his Maiesties po∣wer in practise vpon them?

Capn.

What Proclamation I pray you was that?

Hydr.

The same which is authentically put downe among those forenamed statutes in this following order: First his Maiesties Iustices caused to be openly made an Oyes: & then afterwards was deliberately pronounced these following words, or the like in effect: n The King our soueraigne Lord chargeth and commandeth all persons assembled, immediatly to disperse them selues, and peaceably to depart to their habitations, or to their lawfull businesse, vpon the paine contained in the Act lately made against vnlawfull and riotous assemblies. And God saue the King.

Capn.

And was this Proclamation then published ac∣cordingly?

Hydr.

That was it, I assure thee, and a full respite giuen them withall, for their peaceable departures, with like ve∣hement perswasions thereunto as before. And (which more is) did not his Maiesties said Iustices, vpon the very day of the skirmish it selfe (for the former part of the day) both traine and march their souldiers very neare the place of that their vnlawfull assemblie, of very purpose, to strike an impression of feare in their hearts, to further their present departures? Did they not moreouer send sundry messengers of purpose vnto them to perswade that matter by all possible meanes? Did not some of his Maiesties Iustices solicite them sundrie times on their knees with teares? Yea did not the right wor∣shipfull Sir Anthony Mild-may (with hat in hand) very ear∣nestly intreate the same, or that (at the least) they would de∣sist from their purpose for fiue, or sixe daies, till they might know his Maiesties further pleasure? yea and (which is most to be wondred at) did not the said Iustices before the skirmish began (in an exceeding great care of sparing their bloud) giue secret direction to the whole companie of shot, for dis∣charging the first volley of shot but idlely vpon them, in hope that the sodaine feare of the said shot, would make them the sooner depart the field?

Capn.

But Sir, what effect did all this take among them, I pray you?

Hydr.

All the premises were so farre off from working their timely departure, as they were rather more desperately imboldned in that their rebellious attempt. For not onely they cast vp their caps with a wonderfull shoute, crying, A∣gaine, againe, come better, come better: but they endeuou∣red also with stones, and other bad meanes, to driue the said Iustices, with his Maiesties power from out of the fields. Which their said in satiable outrage did then enforce a shar∣per fresh charge and onset vpon them; whereof (I suppose) they were very well worthie. Tell me now Capnistus: was this an hard hand against them, or no?

Capn.

Surely Sir, if all this be certainly true, I must

néeds confesse they were very well worthy of whatsoeuer hard measure befell them either then, or at any time since, Although yet their fauourites, and such as applaud the en∣terprise, they say their intent was onely for publike good: yea and they worke also it selfe (namely, the casting downe of such vnlawfull Inclosure) was simply and in it owne nature, a very good worke.

Hydr.

First, for the truth of the matter, let those parties themselues vndertake to contradict the same in any one point, if they possibly can. Next, for thei•• good intent: who can certainly say what good intent they had in them selues, saue onely that God who is o card••ognostes, the searcher (I meane) of the heart and the reines? But be it, their intention therein was fully so good as themselues and their senslesse fa∣uourites do seeme to surmise: can the goodnesse of any mans intention, make good an vnlawfull action? I suppose no: be∣cause it is not enough for a man to do what which in it selfe is simplie good and iust, vnlesse the same also be iustly effected. And whereas they accompt such casting downe of Inclosures a very good worke, they do therein declare them selues, ei∣ther such as cannot p euenly discerne betweene the right hand and the left, and therefore vtterly vnable to distinguish sound∣ly betweene good and euill: or such impudent wretches at least, as are not ashamed of sinne, nor yet care for honestie in any respect. But (being growne to a desperate impietie) do q speake good of euill, and euill of good; putting darkenesse for light, and light for darknesse, holding bitter for sweete, and sweete for bitter: and therefore a fearefull woe with a vengeance, is de∣nounced against them. For may that be a good worke (thin∣kest thou) which was so wilfully wrought with the r wron∣ging of others; with open contempt of publike authoritie, & with an obstinate rebellion against God, and his Maiesties highnesse?

Capn.

Sir, those men (commending the goodnesse of that worke) do meane (as I verily imagine) the onely matter it selfe, that is, the onely disparking of such lawles

Inclosures: and not any such a disordered manner of ca∣sting Inclosures downe.

Hydr.

Then surely, howsoeuer the matter (the dispar∣king of Inclosures I meane) be simply good in it selfe, their manner of casting Inclosures downe (by their owne confes∣sion) was simply euill; and so the very worke it selfe, which was thus outragiously, and without authoritie performed by them, deserues not the name of any good worke. But be it here supposed, their action was simply lawfull: and now tell me withall what makes them to thinke that the casting downe of Inclosures should (in it owne selfe) be simplie good?

Capn.

Because then (say they) such conuerting of pa∣sture to arrable ground, must necessarily tend to the migh∣tier augmentation of tillage: and so consequently to the publike good of our countrey.

Hydr.

As though the owners of such pasture grounds were more necessarily constrained to plough vp their said grounds being so disparked, then at any time before when they were hedged in. But suppose those said grounds were all conuerted to tillage; how are they able to proue, that the augmentation of tillage doth vndoubtedly tend to the pub∣like good of our countrey?

Capn.

Because (say they) the augmentation of tillage would procure more plentie of corne by much; the great plentie of corne would presently pull downe the excessiue prices of corne: & the excessiue prices of corne being brought once to a very low rate, then the Artificer, the Trades∣man, and poore labouring people might more merrily liue by much. For was it not a merrie world (say they) when a man might buy barley and pease for foure pence the bushel, mault for fiue, rie for sixe, and wheate for seauen or eight at the most?

Hydr.

In deede, those our beastly bellie-gods who liue onely to eate, but not eate to liue, they reason euen so for all the world, saying thus: Oh sir! was it not f a merrie world (I

pray you) when a poore man might buy twentie foure egges for a pennie? Or as those our tippling Tobacconists do now say one to another: Ah sirrha, how sayest thou (my heart) was it not a merrie world (thinkest thou) when good fel∣lowes might haue foure gallons of good-ale for an halfe-pennie? And thus, these our poore mault wormes they mea∣sure the publike good of our countrey by their owne proper bellies, and so determine the matter and meanes of mainte∣nance (thou maist see) as if the welfare of countries and kingdomes consisted wholly in gormandizing and gulling in of meates and drinkes, and in an onely fragging and pam∣pering of poore mens bellies, though it were with the fil∣ching and pining of all other besides them selues. Yea surely, these our tippling Tobacconists they measure the welfare of men in the world, as the common drunkard vseth to size the fatietie of such as sit with him at table, by the onely placing of all y^e good-ale pots plumme vnder his owne proper nose, saying thus to the rest: Sirs, set vp your pots hither I pray you, that euery man may the more easily reach them. As though he him selfe were euery man, or as if (because the said pots be now within the reach of his owne proper nose) it may be t enough for the rest to see them, or to liue by their onely smell, without any tasting at all. Euen such is our tippling Tobacconists care (thou maist see) for publike good. Although yet, I will not denie, but that this which they thus babble a∣broad, might haue in it some better resemblance of truth, if in (very deede) the welfare of kingdomes co••sisted alone in the exceeding great plentie of corne, and in an onely su∣perfluous support of the poorer sort. And therefore (for a further manifestation of this one matter now in question) let vs here first consider vpon what kind of people the wel∣fare of countries and kingdomes doth chiefly consist: and then next, whether the low prices of corne would bee the onely best meanes for the better vpholding of that kind of people.

Capn.

Vpon what kind of people, I pray you, doth

the welfare of countries and kingdomes chiefly consist?

Hydr.

Vpon that selfesame kind (I verily suppose) which best maintaine••h the whole, or greatest multitude of men in the kingdome. For sith the u honour of a King is immoueably setled vpon the multitude of Subiects, and that (for want of such Subiects) the Prince himselfe must necessarily come (in suc∣cesse of time) to an ineuitable desolation and spoile: who seeth not now, but that the happie estate of kings, of king∣domes, and countries must consequently arise from that sort especially, whereby the greatest multitude of true hearted Subiects is most surely maintained? But that sort (all men know by daily experience) is the Yeomanrie or Husbandrie of countries and kingdomes: because by it are Kings suppor∣ted; by it, are Princes and Nobles sustained; by it, all artifi∣cers, trades-men, and poore labouring people are preserued from famine. For tell me, I pray thee Capnistus, from whom es∣pecially do Kings receiue their subsidies, their fifteenes, their taxes, and yearely prouisions for any their domesticall or publike affaires, but principally, or collaterally from poore husbandman? From whom do the poore, the Nobles, and Gentrie of countries or kingdomes possesse their annuall rents, their ancient reuenewes, their incomes and fines, their boonings and ordinarie carriages, but primarily from out of poore husbandmens purses? From whose onely endea∣uours and labours do all Artificers. Trades-men, and poore labouring people enioy their bread-corne, and mault-corne, but onely, and altogether from the poore husband∣mans plough?

Capn.

That is certainly so: and thereupon they boldly conclude without all contradiction, that the augmentation of tillage would yéeld a further complement to all those the former supplies.

Hydr.

Very well. Now then we are consequently come to consider more especially of that our second propounded point. Namely (for that the surest supportation of all estates in a countrey or kingdome doth primarily consist in the or∣dinarie

vpholding of husbandmen) whether therefore the augmentation of tillage (all other things continuing still in their ordinarie course) would become the onely best ordina∣rie meanes to maintaine that one onely state it selfe in such solid condition, as that thereby also all other estates besides are the more surely supported from time to time? My mea∣ning is this, whether (all other things else continuing stil their ordinarie accustomed rate) the onely augmentation of til∣lage must be adiudged the best meanes of all to maintaine and vphold the husbandmans happie estate?

Capn.

Surely Sir, they do all ioyntly imagine it would be so.

Hydr.

Their vncertaine imaginations, they are no cer∣taine conclusions. And therefore, do speake directly to the question propounded: by giuing some certaine demonstra∣tion of that their vncertaine imagination.

Capn.

They take in hand to demonstrate the matter thus. By the augmentation of tillage (say they) there might be maintained in England, as many moe husbandmen as there are at this present. And so the greater multitude of husbandmen, the greater aboundance of corne; and the greater aboundance of corne, the better cheape it would be by much.

Hydr.

They shew themselues to be men of shallow con∣ceipts: because such an augmentation of husbandrie, would directly become an augmentation of beggerie. For if a poore husbandmā may now very hardly vphold his present husban∣drie, when corne is presently worth some two shillings sixe-pence at least: how should he be able to vphold the same in any good sort, when the price of corne is but sixe-pence the bushell at most?

Capn.

That might be very well done, say they: because for euery bushell he hath at this present, he should then be sure to haue full foure at the least.

Hydr.

They haue no certaine assurance of such a propor∣tion: because the increase of their labours consisteth not

x in any their owne proper planting, but in the onely good blessing of God. But be it supposed, the increase it were ce••tainly such as they say; and yet euen then also a man may plainly perceiue, that (according to this their propounded propor∣tion) the poore husbandmans state should euen now become worse then it was before, by sixepence at least in euery bu∣shell. For if he might vsually sell his one bushell before for two shillings sixe-pence at least, and now (that corne is so cheape) can sell those his foure bushels but for bare two shil∣lings at most, is not the poore husband-mans state impoue∣rished, rather then bettered, by this their augmentation of tillage, notwithstanding any the exceeding great plentie of corne? Now then, if the abundance of corne (arising from that their former augmentation of tillage) be brought once to such a low price, as (albeit the poore husbandman had now foure bushels at least for euery one bushell before: how shall he be able (in such an impouerished estate) to discharge his annuall rents, to performe his seruants wages, to pro∣uide plough and plough-geares, cart and cart-geares, at such an excessiue reckoning, to defray his domesticall charges, and vphold his husbandrie also, without the vtter impouerishing of his present estate?

Capn.

Very true. But then the rents of Farmes would be brought to some low reckoning they say: and so should the husbandman be somewhat eased thereby.

Hydr.

How should the rents of Farmes be brought to a lower reckoning, when the greatest number of Farmes are leassed forth for some ten, twentie, yea forty yeares yet to come, with a strict couenant for such an excessiue rent, du∣ring the whole remainder of yeares? Those our husbandmen therefore being thus shrewdly impouerished through the small prices of corne, and no way eased of those their exces∣siue rents, neither yet any thing bettered by the abundance of corne: who seeth not, but that such an augmentation of tillage, would become the vndoubted diminution of the poore husbandmans estate?

Capn.

The Kings Maiestie might be moued (they hope) to mitigate those their excessiue rents in such reasonable sort, as the poore husbandman may be able to liue well of his Farme.

Hydr.

Yea, but sith the leasing forth of lands is allowed by positiue lawes, and for that many of our Noble-mens and Gentlemens lands are already so leased forth: the Kings Maiestie (gouerning the whole kingdome by those his posi∣tiue lawes) he will not so farre forth intermeddle with those Noble-men, and Gentlemens priuate possessions, vnlesse such an extraordinarie course did necessarily tend to a more pub∣like good, then these our preposterous platformers are yet a∣ble to demonstrate vnto him, by any one probable reason. Besides that, as the head must (by no meanes) go about to strengthen the legs and the feete, by infeebling the shoul∣ders and armes; for that would bring hurt to the whole bo∣dy it selfe: no more may his excellent Highnesse (for the onely support of inferiour subiects) so weaken the good estate of his Nobles and Gentlemen, (who are the very shoulders and armes of his kingdome) as they shall not bee able to yeeld him their publike assistance in time of need. For must not our Nobles and Gentlemen, of necessitie be maintained by their yearely reuenewes and rents? But this could not now be possibly done, if those their annuall rents and reue∣newes were brought to such an abatement as these our base∣minded platformers propound to them selues. And there∣fore (all other things else continuing still in such sort as they presently do) I cannot perceiue (I assure thee) how the poore husbandmans state should not rather be hindred, t••••n hel∣ped by this their preposterous augmentation of tillage.

Capn.

But, if husbandmen (say they) were wise, vpon the clause of réentrie contained in their lease, they would (by one vniforme consent) make presently a forfaiture of all their old leases, for the none-payment of those their ex∣cessiue rents: and so suffer their land-lords to réenter vpon their farmes.

Hydr.

A very proper deuice to impouerish them selues, and to procure a present great hurt to our publike good: be∣cause (by this meanes) that their supposed great multitude of Farmers should rather be decreased, then any thing in∣creased at all. Moreouer, what would then become of that their augmentation of tillage which they so eagerly pursue, if all Farmers should so foolishly forfait their leases? But (to shew them their follie more plaine) bee it supposed a great number of Farmes were so fallen, and left for a while in the land-lords hands, what issue (thinkest thou) might follow thereof for publike good?

Capn.

This good (say they) would follow thereof: Namely, by that time those insatiable land-lords had held such forfaited Farmes in their owne occupation but sea∣uen yeares together, they would be right glad to let them afresh at a farre easier reckoning.

Hydr.

As though (if the Farmer did good on such a Farme, notwithstanding his former excessiue rent) the land-lord sit∣ting rentfree, and throughly occupying that selfesame Farme, might not do much more good thereof then did the Farmer before him: yea and so perhaps (beginning a little to feele the sweetnesse of gaine) will not hereafter lease forth the faid Farme any more, but still hold the same in his owne oc∣cupation. How then? Where are now become the great mul∣titude of Farmers which these our foolish platformers do idlely dreame of by this their augmentation of tillage? But be it supposed those land-lords so holding those forfaited Farmes in their owne hands for seauen yeares together, would quickly waxe wearie, and so be right glad to lease them afresh at a more reasonable reckoning: how then? what (in the meane time) thinkest thou are husbandmen bet∣tered? or how is husbandrie it selfe any better held vp by this their idle augmentation of tillage, when (by reason of the low prices of corne, and such excessiue great rents) the poore husbandman himselfe is enforced to forsake his Farme for seauen yeares together, in hope of an easier rent:

and in all the meane while both he and all his fit pilling of strawes by the fire side? When in the meane while all tillage decayeth; the old store of corne is quite consumed; the No∣bles and Gentlemen are mightily impouerished for want of their vsuall rents; and poore men are famished for lacke of foode? Is this the publike good we are to expect from that their former augmentation of tillage? But, be it supposed a∣gaine, that the poore husbandmen might now haue those their said Farmes at twenty nobles rent by the yeare, for which they payed yearely some twentie pounds at the least before: would those husbandmens state become any thing better now by this abatement of rent, then it formerly was when they payed twentie pounds yearely at least?

Capn.

What one wise man (say they) would make any question thereof?

Hydr.

That would I mine owne selfe, I assure thee, not without great probabilitie of reason also: and therefore, do heartily desire thine owne selfe, as also those our disordered Tobacconists, that you would herein permit me to y play the foole for a while; because you your selues are so wonderfull wise in your proper conceipts. And (for a further demonstra∣tion hereof) let it here be supposed againe, that the poore husbandman (when he sate vpon twentie pounds rent be∣fore) by his good husbandrie grew yearely some threescore quarters of corne; and that now (paying but twentie nobles a yeare) he doth one yeare with another reape some twelue score quarters of corne at the least; which (thou mayest not denie) were a wonderfull oddes: yet surely (so long as all o∣ther things else do hold their accustomed rate) thou mayest plainly perceiue (euen by that selfe same proportion which them selues haue made) that the poore husbandmans state (notwithstanding the former abatement of rents, and great a∣bundance of corne) is farre worse now then it was before when he payed a farre greater rent, and grew not so much corne by foure times double at least. For first, if we rate his threescore quarters of corne but at threescore pounds, after

two shillings sixepence the bushel, who seeth not plainly but that (deducting twentie pounds from the same for his twen∣tie pounds rent) he hath still remaining fortie pounds to him∣selfe, for the timely discharge of his other domesticall expen∣ces, as also the orderly vpholding of that his said husbandrie? Perceiuest thou this Capnistus?

Capn.

He were worthie to be crowned a coxecombe, that cannot perceiue the same?

Hydr.

Go to then, let vs now likewise obserue that their former proportion also in their abundance of corne, and a∣batement of rents, by rating their tweluescore quarters of corne, at their owne wished price, namely, at fiue pence the bushell, that is, three shillings foure-pence the quarter; and so, our totall summe for the tweluescore quarters amounts but to fortie pounds. From this now deduct his twenty no∣bles rent (which is their desired abatement) and so hath he left to himselfe but fortie markes at the most, to defray his domesticall charges and vphold his said husbandrie. Is not herein his estate made worse then it was before by twentie markes yearely at least, notwithstanding his former twentie pounds rent, and the small quantitie of corne, in comparison of his tweluescore quarters now? So then, this his impoue∣rished state being soundly considered, as also, the excessiue charges of all other things being still considered; how shall this poore husbandman be able (thinkest thou) to vphold his said husbandrie, to maintaine his owne house, to pay seruants their wages, to bring vp his children, to performe to the Kings Maiestie his ordinarie subsidies, fifteenes, taxes, pro∣uision, and such other extraordinarie payments, without the vtter subuersion of himselfe, and his happie estate?

Capn.

Good Sir, your obseruations herein they are, I assure you, very probable, neither do I perceiue how the poore husbandmans state should possibly (in such an a∣batement of the prices of corne) be bettered one pennie by the augmentation of tillage: vnlesse all other things else that belong to his husbandry, were likewise abated in price.

Hydr.

Thou conceiuest the matter aright. For whereas in former times (when corne was sold for fiue pence a bushell) the poore husbandman payed for a good new cart but one noble at most: now he payeth foure nobles at least for the like. Then he might buy him a plough readie made for four∣teene pence; now it will stand him in fourteene groates at the least. Then he might prouide him his yron-workes for three farthings the pound: now he must pay three pence halfe-penny for euery pound at the least. Then he might haue a whit-leather hide for one shilling at most: now he payeth fiue shillings foure pence at least. Then he might haue had an acre of grasse both mowne and made to his hands for two groates, or ten-pence at most: now he must giue two shil∣lings sixe pence at least, and not haue it so well done by the halfe. Then might he hire a very good man-seruant for twen∣tie groates wages: now can he not haue any so good for twice fortie shillings at least. Then might he purchase a very good yard of full brode-cloath for three shillings foure pence at most: now he must pay some foureteene shillings foure pence at least, for the like, Then he might haue had a good paire of Shooes for sixe pence: now can he not haue the like for two shillings sixe pence at least, and so for the rest. These things therefore being soundly considered, how should the poore husbandmands state be bettered one pinne, by aba∣ting the prices of corne through that their preposterous aug∣mentation of tillage, so long as all other things, else do con∣tiue still in that their former excessiue reckoning?

Capn.

Sir, I am full of your mind concerning this. But so long as corne say they, is at such an excessiue reckoning, all other things else must néeds be deare; whereas the small prices of corne will bring all other commodities to their former low rate.

Hydr.

Alas good Capnistus, it should seeme that these our disordered reformers do either dotingly dreame of some drie haruest after Michelmas moone when corne is cleane gathered into poore husbandmens barnes: or that else their wilde wits do rouingly run a wool-gathering, after

the sheepe-maisters flockes are all shorne. For, tell me (I pray thee) which waies a Wheele-wright should any way possibly afford an exceeding good cart for twentie groates now, as in former ages, and pay for the very timber thereof some six∣teene shillings him selfe? Or how a Tanner may well forgo a good bend of soaling leather for eightpence now, as in for∣mer daies: and pay foure markes a loade for his barke at the least? or how the Shoo-maker should sell a good paire of shooes for sixe pence now, as in former seasons: and himselfe pay twentie pence full, for the leather thereof at the least? Or how the Ioyner should yeeld a very good cup-boord for foure shillings now, as in former times: when the very tim∣ber thereof doth stand him in twentie shillings at least? Or how a good man-seruant should be able to serue for twentie groates wages now, as before: and pay ten-groates thereof, for one paire of high-buckled shooes? and so forth for all the rest. These things therefore being soundly considered, let all those our tippling Tobacconists which so eagerly affect the former low prices of corne, first deuise which waies to reduce the ordinarie trafficke of all other commodities else to their pristinate state: and then vrge (as they now very idlely do) the pristinate prices of corne. Or (if that will be thought a matter impossible) let them (at the least) begin this their pre∣posterous reformation first in them selues: and then see how thicke & thre••fold all other sorts of people will follow their foote-steps. My meaning is this. Let Iustle-king the Ioyner afford so good a cup-boord for foure shillings now, as other men sell for foure nobles before his face; let Proud-mind the Plummer forgo so good a brewing-lead for foure shillings now, as other men sell for sixteene shillings at least: let Small-braines the Shoo-maker not take aboue sixe pence now for so good a paire of shooes as others do sell for two shillings sixpence: briefly, let Lithersbie the Loyterer not take now aboue ten pence for mowing and making an acre of grasse, howsoeuer all other poore painfull labourers do take two shillings sixe pence for doing the like: and then see how

the abatement of rents, and low prices of corne will follow thereof.

Capn.

What Sir? they will neuer be brought to such an abatement in any their trades (they say) do the Prince what he please. For, (besides that such a fond course would worke nothing at all towards the publike good) they should thereby be sure to impouerish themselues.

Hydr.

And why then should the Prince (at any their pre∣posterous beck) be pleased to procure the Peeres of his king∣dome, the Nobility, Gentrie, Yeomanrie & poore Husband∣men to bee brought vnto such an excessiue abatement of rents, and prices of corne: sith (besides that the same would become no furtherance at all towards publike good, all other things else considered) they should therby but impaire their proper estates? Thus then, thou maist plainly perceiue by the premisses, what manner of reformation it is, that these our disordered fellowes do z so furiously driue at, as if they were mad; namely, at the preposterous prancking vp of their pri∣uate estates, without giuing regard to the publike good of our countrie and kingdome: not caring one whit (so them∣selues may stretch out their infatiable guts with bread, ale, and beere) though the whole Peeres of our kingdome, the Nobilitie, the Gentrie, the Yeomanrie, the Husbandrie, yea and (by consequent) our good King himselfe, come all to present confusion: such a publike good (thou seest) must ne∣cessarily insue of this their preposterous augmentation of tillage.

Capn.

Me thinke Sir, you speake probably herein, and to very great purpose. But yet, those our monstrous mal∣contents they haue still a mighty imagination among thē∣selues, that such augmentation of tillage would vndoub∣tedly tend to a publike good.

Hydr.

So might it do, I confesse, if the poore husband∣mans state were not hindred, but helped also thereby: other∣waies not. But tell me (I pray thee) what the abundance of corne would be better for him, all the while such an abate∣ment

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in the prices of corne did drinke vp his gaine? As also, which way would the abundance of corne make the Artifi∣cers and Trades-men become the wealthier one groate then they were at the first, if corne (notwithstanding the abun∣dance thereof) continue still at the accustomed price? It is not therefore the abundance of corne, but an excessiue a∣batement in the prices of corne, that these men do make the onely shot-anker of all their hope. And very certaine I am, that (so themselues might buy bread-corne and mault-corne fox sixe pence a bushell) they would neuer thus disorderly prate, and practice for the augmentation of tillage: though there were lesse corne in the land then (God be blessed) there is, by ten hundred thousand quarters at least. By all this it is apparently euident, that then the augmentation of tillage doth vndoubtedly tend to a publike good, when not onely some one or two sorts of people are thereby helped, and the poore husbandman especially is not therwith hundred at all. Otherwise the partiall supportation of some few alone, with y^e fearefull suppression of sundrie besides, were very preposte∣rous. For euen as in our naturall bodies, when the sustenance thereof is soundly concocted, and proportionably dispersed throughout for conuenient nutriment to each seuerall part, then the whole bodie it selfe is vniuersally vpheld and conti∣nued in a very good state; whereas, if that the said nutriment should be wholly exhaust by some three or foure members, with an vtter depriuation of nutriment from the rest of the members besides, then surely, that selfe same body would not onely grow out of order in it selfe, hauing some three or foure members thereof puffed vp vntill they bee ready to burst, and all the rest made as leane as a rake; but besides, there would follow (in continuance of time) a finall confu∣sion of all the whole bodie: So surely, in the body of our Commonwealth, when the whole commodities thereof are aptly imployed, and proportionably disposed for the more conuenient welfare, and publike good to each seuerall mem∣ber thereof, then the whole bodie of Commonwealth is

vniuersally vpheld, & continued in an happie estate. Where∣as, if the commodities of our countrie were wholly sucked vp by some three or foure sorts of subjects, to the pitifull im∣pouerishing of all ••he rest: then without question, the whole body of our Common-wealth could not long continue in good estate. Because some would be readie to burst with a∣bundance, while many other besides, do euen woorne away with their wants, to the finall confusion of the whole State it selfe in a very short time, without some timely redresse. And therefore, howsoeuer such abundance of corne, might vndoubtedly become exceeding commodious to some three or foure Monopolian Merchants, who (by transporting the same (at such a slender reckoning) into all forraine parts with an excessiue great gaine, would grow (in a very short time) so abundantly rich as if they were readie to burst. Or how∣soeuer such an excessiue abatement in the ordinarie prices of corne, might be singular good for Artificers & Trades-men, and poore labouring persons, who (buying corne now for nothing, and selling their commodities and ordinary labours as excessiuely deare as euer before) might (in very short space) attaine to a wonderfull wealth: yet without doubt, the poore husbandmans state (by whose onely industrious labours all other estates are hourely vpholden) it being greatly impouerished by the small prices of corne, and migh∣tly oppressed through the excessiue rating of all other com∣modities else; I cannot possibly perceiue how this their aug∣mentation of ••illage should in any sort be helpfull, but euery way hurtfull to him.

Capn.

Oh yes Sir. For if there were once a farre grea∣ter augmentation of tillage obtained, then euery husband∣man (say they) should hold (in his proper occupation) twice so much land as he held before.

Hydr.

And what then, I pray thee? Would not the small prices of corne (in such an hourely excesse of all other things else) become a very shrewd cooling card to that his great store of tillage, he hauing thereby, as much more toile im∣posed

vpon him, with a farre lesse commoditie then he vsual∣ly reaped before? For tell me, I pray thee, whether it be the great store of tillage, or the well manuring of tillage that breedeth abundance of corne? Hath not some excellent husband as much corne of one acre, as some haue of two or three? Be it therefore supposed that a poore husband∣man, hauing in his occupation before, but bare fortie acres of arrable land, did yearely grow thereof some fortie quarters of corne at the least: whereas now (when he hath some fortie acres more annexed to his Farme) hee hardly groweth fortie quarters of corne at the most. How much (thinkest thou) is this poore husbandmans state aduanced by this their augmentation of tillage? May he not boldly put vp the whole gaine of his getings in his eye, & yet see neuer the worse? Is he not properly promoted by tillage, being thereby surcharged now with a two fold toile, for a bare sin∣gle increase of corne? Is not his great abundance of arrable ground (through some lacke of good order) growne now so farre out of order and heart, as it will either yeeld him but little, or no burden at all? His charge of housekeeping, of houshold seruants, of horses, of carts, of ploughs, with other odde implements, is mightily increased: and the great gaine of those his daily endeauours, and industrious labours, as deepely decreased. How then is this poore husbandmans estate made any thing the better, by that their augmentation of tillage?

Capn.

Sir, he must procure him abundance of shéepe (they say) to amend his barren land by the often foulding thereof: and withall, he must get him a great companie of beasts to bréede him good store of compose, and thereby better his barren grounds by manuring of the same to the full.

Hydr.

This, (indeed) is something they say. But yet now (when the small prices of corne haue so mightily impoueri∣shed the poore mans purse, as he is hardly able to buy him cloathes to his backe) where is y^e meanes (thinkest thou) that

should compasse those cattle? Corne he hath none to sel: and many quarters of graine would not buy him halfe a quarter of a flocke to fould his said barren ground. Or, be it supposed the man had money good store to buy those beasts: where is the most conuenient place for their walke? or wherewithall shall he pasture those cattell, when all his Inclosures and o∣ther laie-grounds are quite conuerted to tillage? Before this augmentation of tillage, a poore man might very well raise his whole rent from out his Fallow-fields, those fields affording him great store of grasing to pasture his sheepe: but when all his gras-grounds are turned to tillage, that hope of gaine is growne out of vse; and he may haply reape from his Fallow-fields now, some three or foure loades of thistles to recompence his paines in ploughing the same. For, consider Capnistus and marke it well, are there not (at this present) in euery Champion field, some ten, twelue, yea twenty hun∣dred acres of laie-grounds at least, which being (as it appea∣reth) in former times made arrable land, were all of them left laie by poore husbandmen, some two hundred yeares past or more. What was the maine cause (thinkest thou) that our fore-fathers (in former times) did make such a mighty decay of tillage?

Capn.

Surely Sir, either it was so because those poore husbandmen then could make no benefit at all by vphol∣ding of tillage, corne being brought at that time to such a low price, and all other things else at an excessiue recko∣ning: or for that those husbandmen wanted both grasse and hay for their cattell, and were therefore enforced for very great néed, to conuert their tillage againe into pasturing grounds.

Hydr.

Thou speakest aright: and therewithall dost fully conclude euen this our disordered persons proper dispute in a circular motion: not vnlike to the circular paces of a mault∣mil horse. For, marke here I pray thee, the manner of this their preposterous prate. We must haue (forsooth) an aug∣mentation of tillage, by conuerting all ancient Inclosures

and pasture-grounds into arrable land, for the speedie aba∣ting of these excessiue prices of corne: and then (when corne is once come to so low a reckoning as the poore husband∣man is not able to liue of his plough) we must forthwith turne the greatest part of our tillage againe into pasturing grounds, for the necessary increase of grasse and hay for our cattell. Tell me Capnistus, whether these their changeable courses, be not (in very deed) to make and marre, to do and vndo, because the day is our owne till night. Yea tell me, I pray thee: whether this be not a proper roauing dispute of these our round-about Robins, as if they were hunting the wild-goose chase? A man (without question) might quickly purse vp whole poake-fuls of wit, if he would but follow a while all these their extrauagant courses, and wandring va∣garies: and (in the end) be enforced to bring them backe∣wards againe by the nose, to let them then see (if they would not be wilfully blind) that the poore husbandman (so long as all other things else do still continue their excessiue rec∣konings) is rather hindred, then helped by this their augmen∣tation of tillage.

Capn.

But Sir, do you hold in good earnest, that such an augmentation of tillage would bring some hinderance now to our Common-wealth?

Hydr.

Perceiuing not hitherto, any reason at all to the contrarie, I vndoubtedly do, and may very confidently hold this one speciall point: Namely, that such a preposte∣rous augmentation of tillage as these our polypragmat••call spirits do now so fiercely pursue, would rather be hurtfull, then helpefull to the poore husbandmans present estate: so long especially as all other things else do thus continue (as we see) at such an excessiue reckoning as I shewed thee, and thou thy selfe hath confessed before. Besides that, these our beastly a bellie-gods who babble so inconsiderately (I might say so baldly) about the abundance of corne, without due consideration or further regard of any other as needfull com∣modities for publike good, they grosly imagine (as it seemes

by their courses) that each Common-wealth is sufficiently vpheld in an happie estate, all the while they haue plentie of bread and beere. But tell me (I pray thee Capnistus) are not good dearies as conuenient euery way for euery house-kee∣per, as is plentie of corne? May butter and cheese, may milke and milke-meates by missed wholly in husbandmens houses? What one familie at all throughout the whole country, may well be maintained without butter and cheese? What prety young brats may possibly be bred, or brought vp without milke? What flesh-meates may fitly be rosted? what light stuffe may soundly b•• baked? what minced meates, what carrots, what parsneps, what other ••ates else may be butte∣red, where poore house-keepers can haue no butter at all?

Capn.

Good Sir, this is euen certainly so as you say.

Hydr.

Very well. Hereupon then let these our tippling Tobacconists tell thee with the best wits they haue in their head, how those poore house-keepers may possibly compasse such store of milke, butter, & cheese without keeping milch-kine; how milch-kine may be maintained and kept without conuenient pasturing; and where such conuenient pasturing may possibly be had, when all Inclosures and pasture grounds are so preposterously conuerted to tillage?

Capn.

In déed Sir, as I (for my owne part) do hold it impossible for husbandmen to haue good dearies but by kéeping milch-kine: so is it hard for them to kéepe milch-kine at all, where Inclosures and pasture grounds are so preposterously conuerted to tillage. But yet (say they) this their augmentation of tillage would bring abundance of corne: and so poore husbandmen (hauing abundance of corne) might kéepe (if néede were) their milch-kine with corne.

Hydr.

I told thee euen now (and thou couldest not deny) that it is not the abundance of tillage, but the well manu∣ring of tillage which breedeth abundance of corne. But be it here granted, that the abundance of tillage would vn∣doubtedly bring them abundance of corne; what then?

How would the excessiue prices of corne be any whit abated thereby, all the while that selfe same abundance is quite consumed with keeping of cattell? And this their abun∣dance of corne being that way consumed quite, how then shall the Artificers, the Trades-men, and poore labouring peoples estates bee any way bettered at all by such abun∣dance of corne, if corne (being so consumed) did still con∣tinue their excessiue great prices? By all which thou mayest plainly perceiue, that euen this their preposterous augmenta∣tion of tillage, it would either procure a present diminution of dearies, and so that way become very dangerous to the publike good of our countrey: or (if such an augmentation should maintaine good dearies by keeping milch-kine with corne) that then the said Artificers, Trades-men, and poore labouring people their estates could not be bettered at all, by any their supposed abatement of the excessiue prices of corne.

Capn.

Surely, the one or the other would follow there∣of. And therefore Sir, these mens preposterous augmen∣tation of tillage it doth but endanger their owne proper persons, without bettering their owne, or the poore hus∣bandmans state at all.

Hydr.

Very true. But (for further demonstration hereof) be it againe supposed that such an augmentation of tillage would both breed an abundance of corne, and bring downe also the prices of corne; what then? When these our insatia∣ble suckers of filthy fume haue euen fragged their bellies with bread and beere to the full, would they then bee content (thinkest thou) with their present estates? It is a common speech (I confesse) among those our ordinary Ale-knights, that such nippitatie new liquor wil serue very wel for meate, drinke, and cloath, if it bee soundly taken in a cold frostie morning next a mans heart. But (howsoeuer their tongues run round when they are met on their ale-bench) can they and their families liue without flesh-meate, or the offals ther∣of at the least? Do thou aske them (I pray thee) whether

there may be an excessiue abatement of beeues and muttons in England without the present impairing of our publike good? May the ordinary prouision of flesh in any our mar∣kets, be much lesse then it is any market day, without won∣derfull hurt to the countrey in sundry respects? Are not beasts hides, sheepe-skins, with such other pelts else (notwithstan∣ding our daily, & our ordinary slaughter of beeues and mut∣tons) euen litle enough in euery country? Doth not the great scarcitie of hides and skins make leather and shooes, with liquor for leather, and tallow for candle, excessiuely deare? Now then, those our Artificers' and Trades-men, who keepe such a combersome coyle for corne (hauing once corne to their owne content) let them then tell me in sadnesse, whe∣ther themselues▪ and the fulke of their families, are able to liue long without any meate; to run, or ride without bootes; to go or walke without shooes, to worke day and night without any candle, or to dispatch (in any good so••t) the most of their ordinarie trades without much tallow, and great store of kitchin stuffe compound••d therewith? But how should they haue flesh-meate to eate, store of leather for bootes and shooes, tallow for candle, or kitchin-stuffe at all for any their needfull affaires, without an exceeding great breede of beefes and muttons? And how should such an ex∣ceeding great breede of beefes and muttons be possibly bred and maintained, without very great store of Inclosures and pasturing grounds? And where must such store of pasturing grounds be got (thinkest thou) if all Inclosures were prepo∣sterously turned to tillage?

Capn.

The certainty of your spéech is such, as I am not able to contradict.

Hydr.

Besides all this, when these our disordered persons haue (by much augmentation of tillage) euen crammed their bellies with bread and beere till they be readie to burst: must they not likewise haue cloathes for their owne, and their fa∣milies backes? But can they possibly make webs of cloath without any wooll? Or can they haue wooll to web, but by

breeding abundance of sheepe? Or can such abundance of sheepe be bred without many Inclosures, and much pastu∣ring grounds? But where may many Inclosures, and pasturing grounds be got, when all our Inclosures are preposterously turned to tillage?

Capn.

Surely Sir, these your apparent demonstra∣tions of policie they are held in as high admiration with me, as were (in times past) the sundry Oracles from A∣pollo Pythius at Delphos. Howbeit, many others do hold, and my selfe haue heard some Preachers auouch in publike place, that this onely great bréede and pasturing of shéepe, is the most gréeuous bane and spoile of our land. The silie poore shéepe (say they) which are (by nature) the méekest creatures on earth, are now made the most mercilesse Mi∣notaures in the world: for euery where now they do eate vp whole Townes, and deuoure the Inhabitants young and old.

Hydr.

I hate from my very heart y^e destroying of Townes and depopulation of countries, as a most barbarous crueltie beseeming rather the sauage Cannibals, then any sound hearted Christians. Assuring my selfe withall, that all those our vgly blacke raue••s which seeke to b dwell alone vpon the face of the earth by that their vnspeakeable crueltie, shall one day be sure to feele a woe with a witnesse, and to haue c the law of like repayed double and treble vpon their owne pates. Yea and that they, and all theirs (without a speedie repen∣tance) must vndoubtedly receiue their allotted reward d with wicked king Ahab. Although yet I doubt not at all but that those our great breeders of sheepe, which so make the best of their pasturing grounds without e grinding the faces of their silie poore Tenants, they are the blessed instruments of our bountifull God, for publike good. And therefore (con∣cerning that point which thy selfe hath heard some Prea∣chers auouch in publike place, about the great breeding of sheepe) howsoeuer I make no doubt but that those selfe same Preachers they deliuered then the priuate opinion and

thought of their owne proper hearts: yet when they shall hereafter somewhat more considerately examine the matter it selfe without any such wry-respect, and according to the proportionable bounds of Christian policie for publike good, I make no question at all, but that they themselues will eftsoones affirme, that (in those their blind baiard-like bold speeches against such necessarie breeding of sheepe) they were rather misguided with the sway of inordinate af∣fection, than soundly directed with any authenticall rule of setled reason. For, howsoeuer those our great pasture men do gather vp to them selues an exceeding great gaine by the breeding of sheepe, as there is no reason at all, but that they which win it, should weare it: yet surely (if I conceiue not the matter amisse) there is no one commoditie throughout the whole land more tending to the publike good of rich and poore, than the great abundance and mightie increase of sheepe, as that which was f the ordinarie practise of all the Patriarkes, and which also receiued from time to time g an extraordinarie approbation from the vnchangeable proui∣dence of the eternall God. And (to let passe the much bette∣ring of arrable ground by the foulding of sheepe) this (I do verily suppose) may here be auouched for an infallible truth: that almost the third part of people in this our English Iland, are vpheld & maintained by the breeding of sheepe. Where∣upon this consequent doth clearely demonstrate it selfe to all the world, that those men which prate purposely against the great breeding of sheepe, they do either discouer (at vna∣wares) their wayward and enuious hearts against the bree∣ders themselues without any respect of publike good; or lay open at least, their owne inconsiderate thoughts, and shallow conceipts concerning such matters of publike re∣gard.

Capn.

The one or the other must necessarily follow thereof. But Sir, if you be able (indéed) so demonstrate soundly vnto vs, that almost the third part of people in this our English Iland are vpheld, and maintained by the

ordinary bréeding of shéepe, you shall satisfie many concer∣ning this point.

Hydr.

I doubt not to demonstrate the same to the full. For first, let an exact suruey be had of those our great sheepe-maisters themselues, as also of that their ordinarie retinue which they hourely imploy about the breeding & hearding of sheepe; then next, of all those our professed clothiers in Wales, in Cornewall, in Deuonshire, in Kent, in Essex, in Suffolke, in Northfolke, in Yorkeshire, Lancashire, Che∣shire, Hallifax, Kendall, with other like places where cloath-making is purposely professed and practised together, with all their whole families depending vpon them; then next, let the selfe same suruey be likewise taken of al the poore labou∣ring people which are this way set hourely on worke by those our cloth-makers, about the seuering, sorting, tow∣sing, carding, spinning, knitting, weauing, fulling, shearing, dressing and dying of wooll and of cloathes; then next, of all those prouident husbandmen who yearely defray their rents, and apparell themselues by the breeding of sheepe; and then lastly, of all those Artificers, Trades-men, and poore labouring people which yearely do cloathe themselues, their wiues and families, with those webs of cloath which they v∣sually make of the gathering loakes that are scattered in pa∣stures and fields by the breeding of sheepe: let (I say now) some sound and exact suruey be forthwith taken of all and e∣uery of these, and I doubt not (when the accompt is cast vp in a totall summe)but that the whole wil amount to the third part of people in our land at the least.

Capn.

The third part (say you Sir) nay, the better halfe I am sure.

Hydr.

Go to then, tell me what one reason those Prea∣chers haue to barke so bitterly against y^e breeding of sheepe? or any man else to mislike of that one commoditie whereby the one halfe of our kingdome is so well set on worke, and which tendeth to the publike good of our countrey?

Capn.

But Sir, howsoeuer there be great store of cloath-making

amongst vs in England, yet cloathes (they say) are neuer the cheaper in England: and therefore they sée not how poore men are bettered any thing at all, by the making of cloath.

Hydr.

Though cloathes (in very deede) were neuer the cheaper by the great store of cloath-making among vs in England, which is vtterly vntrue: yet would cloathes be∣come more excessiuely deare among vs in England by much, were it not for the great store of cloath-making throughout the whole land. And therefore howsoeuer these gaine-saying companions, do grosly imagine that the poorer sort of peo∣ple are nothing bettered by the making of cloath, yet surely if that one trade alone were discontinued among vs but for few yeares together; not onely the better sort of men they would quickly begin to feele some very shrewd want, but many poore soules besides (set on worke by that meanes) should shortly haue hungrie bellies. Yea euen those our To∣bacconists themselues would plod vp and downe with thread∣bare backes, and tattered tailes. But now tell me Capnistus (I heartily pray thee) how any great store of cloathes may possibly be made without abundance of wooll; which way, men may haue abundance of wooll, without a continuall breeding of sheepe; how such a continuall breeding of sheepe may well be maintained without abundance of pa∣sture; and how such abundance of pasture may possibly be had, where all our Inclosures are thus preposterously conuer∣ted to tillage?

Capn.

Surely Sir, I wot not which way to supply such a want: and therefore I do fully referre the further answer hereof to those our disordered Tobacconist's who labour so eagerly after such a preposterous augmentation of tillage, without giuing regard at all to sundrie other as néedfull commodities as corne it selfe, for the orderly supportation of euery seuerall estate in the land. Wherein moreouer they declare (at vnawares) that as the water which dri∣ueth the mill, decayeth the mill: so surely, those their disor∣dered

affections which so preposterously enforceth them for∣wards in such an idle conceite of publike good, would turne (in very short time) to the fearefull subuersion of our pub∣like good.

Hydr.

That is vndoubtedly true, as may bee plainly demonstrated vnto them by a pregnant comparison, put downe by Adrian the fourth, vpon a very like occasion of discontentment.

Capn.

Declare the comparison I pray you at large.

Hydr.

With a very good will: this therefore it is. It came to passe on a time (h saith he) that all the members of a mans body conspired ioyntly against the poore stomacke, as a∣gainst him (forsooth) who (by his insatiable rauine) did con∣tinually exhaust and deuoure the ordinarie labours of all the other members besides. For, whereas the eie it selfe was neuer satisfied with seeing, nor the eare with hearing; whereas the hands were bent each minute of an houre vpon their ordina∣rie labours, the feete became fearefully sorebated with trot∣ting to and fro; the tongue was euen worne to the stumpes about the moderating of speech and silence; yea all the whole members were mutually deuoted towards the pub∣like good of the whole body it selfe: onely (in this their ge∣nerall carefulnesse and excessiue toyle) the stomacke it selfe (as they falsly surmised) he liued at ease, and whatsoeuer the rest of the members had carefully prepared before by any their mutuall labours, he alone deuoured vp the same by a prodigall waste. What neede many words? The rest of the members considering this, they do all ioyntly conclude to desist forthwith from all those their peculiar designements for publike good: and therewithall (withholding whatsoe∣uer conuenient sustenance from the said stomacke it selfe) they fully resolued to torture that their insatiable and sloth∣full aduersarie with the continuall want of nutriment. Vpon this their ouerhastie and headie resolution, one day was pas∣sed quite in a pining penurie. The second day followed more tedious and irkesome than the other before. But the third

was so extremely byting and pinching to the stomacke it selfe, and all the said members besides, as they ioyntly be∣gan to faint and to fagge. Oppressed thus by vrgent necessi∣tie, the members they assemble themselues afresh, very seri∣ously consulting about their owne, and that their supposed aduersarie his present estate. In which their publike assem∣blie, the head it hung drooping downe; the shoulders (be∣ing shrewdly benummed) they shakingly shrunke together; the armes became weake; the hands vnable to hold them∣selues vp; the feete were infeebled so sore, as they could not possibly support their appointed burden; the whole body it consumed away; yea the tongue which vntill then was preg∣nant enough to pleade for the publike good of the whole body it selfe, it eftsoones began to faulter, and cleaue so fast to the roofe of the mouth, as it had now no power in it selfe to propound and expound the publike occasion of that their present calamitie. The case standing fearefully thus, the whole members (by a ioynt consent) they make their mutu∣all recourse to their soueraigne Ladie the Heart, for pre∣sent aduice in this their publike distresse: who (examining the matter with a more aduised and mature deliberation,) by the very sway of sound and substantiall reason did make it apparently euident to all the members, that this so exceeding a miserie befell them all, onely because of their former hard measure towards the said stomacke their falsly supposed ad∣uersary. For, by withdrawing a competent sustenance from him (he being the deputed publike dispenser thereof to the rest of the members,) they did thereby also depriue thēselues of conuenient naturall nutriment. And (sith none ought i to go a warfarre at his owne proper cost) it cannot otherwaies be, but that (by withholding the publike maintenance from the said stomacke it selfe) they themselues were proportio∣nably disabled euery of them from the dutifull discharge of their proper designements for publike good. Neither may any blame thereof bee iustly imputed vnto the poore sto∣macke: because he could not possibly distribute that publike

sustenance to the rest of the members, which he receiued not first for himselfe. And therefore (saith reason) I conclude it a safer course, and much more consonant to natures sacred direction, that a conuenient nutriment be primarily besto∣wed on him who must propor••ionably distribute the same vnto others, then (by thus peeuishly depriuing the said sto∣macke therof) to procure an ineuitable penurie vpon it selfe, and all the rest of the members. Hereupon it came forthwith to passe (by reasons pithie perswasion) that the said stomacke being presently repleate with corporall sustenance, all the rest of the members (by her operation) were proportiona∣bly, and mutually refreshed together. Ladie Experience (the Schoolemistrisse of fooles) making the rest of the members now to perceiue their former exceeding great follie, the sto∣macke he was vniuersally freed from all imputation of blame concerning this their needlesse calamitie. Because, howsoeuer he be (in very deede) an insatiable deuourer of whatsoeuer their publike labours, yet doth he not so insatia∣bly feede thereupon for himselfe alone, but likewise, for all the rest of the members: and therefore, he being pined with a needlesse penurie, they cannot but be miserably pinched with a biting hunger. Surely Capnistus, if thou examine the matter aright, thou shall find it euen so in the politicke body of euery particular countrey. Wherein, albeit the stomacke (the poore husbandman I meane) doth heape vp together exceeding much maintenance: yet doth he not heape vp the same so much for his owne proper vse, as for the publike good of all the particular members in that selfe same politi∣call body. And therefore so much the more heedfull regard must hourely be had about the orderly supportation of that one estate aboue all the rest: by how much the prosperous, or the pining condition of all other estates doth proportionably depend vpon that one estate aboue all the rest. For be thou throughly assured of this, that there is proportionably euen one and the selfe same office of the stomacke in a naturall bo∣die, and of the poore husbandmans estate in euery politicall

body. Because if the stomacke it selfe be hourely kept in good quarter, all the rest of the members they are mutually refreshed thereby. Whereas, if it be made empty of corporall sustenance, how should it then be able, either properly to support it owne selfe, or collaterally to sustaine the rest of the members? And euen so, if the poore husbandmans estate be vpheld in an happie condition, the rest of the members throughout the whole politicall body, are substantially and soundly supported from vtter confusion. Whereas, if the poore husbandmans happie estate be fearefully impoueri∣shed, how should any estate else in that selfe same politicall body be possibly enriched, or safely preserued? And therefore let these our disordered Tobacconists take heede in time, lest (by this their preposterous augmentation of tillage vnder an idle and fained pretence of publike good) they do not hurt themselues and the rest of the members in this our politicall body, to the vtter subuersion of our publike good. For if corne it selfe (by this their augmentation of tillage) should inconsiderately and causelesly be brought to such a small price, as the poore husbandman (all other things else conti∣nuing at an excessiue great reckoning) be not able to sustaine himselfe and his familie: how should he possibly be able to afford any publike maintenance to all other states else in the politicall body?

Capn.

Surely Sir, this comparison doth set forth the matter so plaine, as none now but sencelesse and péeuish i∣diots may possibly be ignorant thereof. Although yet (for all this) there be many rich Parsons and Vicars in sundrie parishes, who likewise do kéepe a combersome coyle about this their preposterous augmentation of tillage, as an vn∣doubted present good meanes for publike good: commen∣ding each enterprice that waies attempted, and wishing an happie successe to the same.

Hydr.

Why Capnistus; neuer wonder at this. For so k Demetrius the siluer-smith he kept a combersome coile, concerning the prosperous and happie estate of his siluer-shrines.

In so much as he called together the workemen of that selfe same trade, and told them saying: Sirs, you all do very well know, that (by this our craft) we haue gotten our goods. Declaring (by this his pernicious prattle) that it was neither the loue of Religion, nor the honest care of publike good that set him so greedily a gog in that his tu••bulent course, but the onely inordinate desire of his owne, and of those his copartners priuate respects. If these pratling priests thou speakest of now, were carried with wrie respects, and such other like priuate motions about any their vndutifull managings of these late disordered and diuellish attempts, they may rather more truly be termed the pestilent Parsons of poysonsome parishioners, than the prouident Pastours of a peaceable people; yea and the Demetrian Vicars of most de∣testable villanies, rather than the honest deputed Vicege∣rents of Iesus Christ concerning the Christian subiection of dutifull subiects. Declaring themselues to be such l insatiable dogs as neuer haue enough: and therefore, they do all of them looke to their owne proper waies, euery of them seeke his peculiar aduantage, & after his owne priuate gaine, without giuing a due regard to the publike good.

Capn.

But Sir, what might it be that makes those our rurall Parsons and Vicars so rustically mad vpon that so mischieuous a matter in hand, if the augmentation of til∣lage doth tend so little to the publike good?

Hydr.

I cannot certainly set downe the reason of that their vnreasonable applaud to such a pestiferous purpose, vn∣lesse I did certainly know the very thought and intent of their secret hearts. Howbeit, if the secrets of the heart it selfe may shrewdly be gessed vpon, by the m very outgoings they haue to any externall action, then surely this their preposte∣rous approbation of any such a pernicious practise, it could not possibly proceede from any good motion; the best that may be conceiued thereof is this: namely, that as those kind of persons are commonly n destitute of all vnderstanding, so (it may be) they but drousily dreamed that this preposterous

augmentation of tillage would vndoubtedly bring forth an augmentation of tithes; and that such an augmentation of tithes, would more abundantly increase their augmentation of worldly trash. And that therefore (vpon this their fantasti∣call fliggring confidence) when the whole countrey was o full of co••fusion, it may be they thought it not gr••atly amisse, to keep such a combersome consort with that rascabilian rout who so disorderedly made the late vprore, and euen mainely to crie out among them and say, p Oh great is Diana of the Ephesians; or rather more plainly thus: Great q gaine without doubt, will grow yearely to vs, by this their prepo∣sterous augmentation of tillage. Howbeit, if these pedling Parsons and Vicars were but once enforced to find and feele in their proper experience, that such a preposterous augmen∣tation of tillage did afford them no further augmentation of tithes then they reaped before, yea and that those selfesame tithes which thus befall to their portion, are farre worse in quantitie and qualitie both, then were those their former tithes which they possessed before, when there was lesse store of tillage by much; and (which more is) that (notwithstan∣ding the badnesse thereof) they are eftsoones enforced to bestow a twofold labour in gathering the same: surely when their proper experience hath made them perceiue the plaine truth of the premisses, they will then crie out to their seruants and say, Sirs, we haue now adaies a very long haruest for a little corne. For fie vpon this preposterous augmentation of tillage: it was neuer well with the Common-wealth, since the same was first so fantastically set on foote. For euery hus∣bandman now hath so much arrable land in his proper pos∣session, and so little manure withall to make it more burthen∣some, as he loseth one acre while he is sore toyling about a∣nother. The land (for want of good order) is now so cleane out of order and heart, as it yeeldeth more weeds then corne: yea and the corne which it commonly beareth is so leane and so light, as it affordeth no floure at all. What sayest thou now Capnistus, to these our counrrey Parsons and Vi∣cars

cars who so highly applaud these publike disorders?

Capn.

Surely Sir, if the sequele should thus fall forth, I might boldly affirme, that the iudgement of God were iustly vpon them.

Hydr.

Very true as thou sayest. For, as it is a most filthie shame for them, to yeeld their vnderhand approbation to∣wards any such publike disorders: so surely, had they but one dramme of Gods grace in their hearts, one scruple of a subiect like subiection in their heads, yea one iot of an honest humanitie in any of their minds; they would hold it much more beseeming their persons and places, to teach their pari∣shioners al holy subiection towards their superiours; to beate downe very bitterly whatsoeuer disorders shall but put out their head against our positiue lawes, and the publike peace of our soueraigne Lord the King; yea and euen rather to ha∣zard their proper persons and states about the timely suppres∣sing of euery such desperate attempt from priuate persons, than either by deed, by word, or by countenance, to giue any encouragement at all to such a preposterous proiect. How∣beit as r wisedome is euermore iustified of her owne proper chil∣dren: so surely, there was neuer yet any one faction so filthie in nature, so foule in apprehension, neither yet so furious in practise, but the same had euermore either the primary sproute, the preposterous proceeding, the pernicious pro∣gresse, the pestiferous perfection, or the pestilent approba∣tion at least of some of those simple Sir Iohns; who rather should soundly conuince, then seditiously confirme the same. Howbeit, as euer there hath bene, so still there will be like people, like priest. That so (the base people practising, and the bad priest approuing such pestilent practise) they might all ioyntly become liable to one and the selfe same determined iudgement of God against such disordered attempts: accor∣ding to the testimonie of the Prophet who saith, t The priests they eate vp the sinnes of my people, and lift vp their minds in these their palpable iniquities. Therefore there shall be like people, like priests: for I will visite their waies vpon them∣selues,

& reward their wicked deeds vpon their owne pates. By all the premisses then thou maist plainly perceiue, that (nothwithstanding whatsoeuer those our disordered Tobacco∣nists pretend, or these our men-pleasing priests do prate) a∣bout their preposterous defence) the poore husbandman his estate (so long as all other things else do continue at such an excessiue reckoning) is rather hindered then helped by this their preposterous augmentation of tillage.

Capn.

Good Sir, the whole matter it selfe (in my poore apprehension) is so apparently euident, as I am able u to say nothing thereunto either good, or euill.

Hydr.

I hope, by this time thou maist plainly perceiue the falsly supposed goodnesse of that preposterous worke which was so perniciously applauded among the very gar∣bage of humane societies: namely, those the desperate at∣tempts of these our disordered Tobacconists against the long setled peace of this our publike state, in a matter especially of such slender importance and so needlesse moreouer, if all other things else be soundly resolued.

Capn.

But Sir, do you hold (in good earnest) the aug∣mentation of tillage a matter most néedlesse, especially in this our age?

Hydr.

I tell thee this in good earnest: it must either be needfull, or needlesse. But howsoeuer the augmentation of tillage may very truly be said to be simply good init selfe, be∣cause it was x the primarie ordinance appointed by God for mans preseruatiō & practise: yet do I not hold it so needfully good for y^e present, if all sorts of people in our publike state be pro∣portionably respected, according to the seuerall qualities of their persons and places. For how may this their preposte∣rous augmentation of tillage be held now so needfully good, it being euery way so hurtfull as thou heardest euen now, the present condition of our publike state being duly consi∣dered? Then next, a matter but needlesse it may seeme to be for the present: because corne is not now so excessiuely deare, but that each man (of what sort soeuer) may as sufficiently

be able to maintaine his proper estate, by paying two shil∣lings sixe pence the bushell, as were the people of those former times, when they payd but sixepence the bushell.

Capn.

I pray you Sir, demonstrate this point more plainly for the better satisfaction of my selfe, and all others besides.

Hydr.

This thing is so plaine of it selfe, as it needs no plainer demonstration at all, then the former, and now pre∣sent experience. For who doth not see, but that the whole Peeres of our kingdome, y^e Nobles, the Gentrie, & Yeoman∣rie also, might much better maintaine their estates in former ages with some fiue hundred, three hundred, or one hundred pounds rent at the most, when all other things else appertai∣ning to their houshold prouision, their ordinarie attire, and the moderate pompe of their persons and places did gene∣rally run at so low a rate, then they may now (in this pre∣sent age) with a thousand, sixe hundred, or three hundred pounds rent at the least, when all those the former supplies cannot possibly be gotten without an excessiue reckoning?

Capn.

I am iust of your mind for that. But Sir, these our great personages (say they) do prodigally and waste∣fully consume so much wealth vpon superfluous buildings, and sumptuous apparell, as they cannot possibly vphold their estates, without an excessiue polling and pilling of all their poore Tenants: and there is the welspring it selfe of all their wants.

Hydr.

I intend not now to pleade for, much lesse to put downe any patrocinium at all to mens superfluous expences, how many, or how mightie soeuer: hauing so sufficiently censured the same a little before. Although yet (respecting these great mens persons y and places, the z royalties of Salomons house, the clothing of the Kings daughter a in beaten gold with ray∣ment of needle worke; the acustomable b wearing of silkes, and soft apparell, in Princes courts; yea and that c seame-lesse coate of our Sauiour Christ being wrought vpon throughout) I dare not denie a different dignitie in apparell, in diet, in sumptu∣ousnesse

in buildings and euery way else, from the base and vulgar sort; which made me euen purposely put downe the moderate pompe of their persons and places in my former speech, as a pompe respectiuely permitted vnto them by the Almighty himselfe. Howbeit, Capnistus seeing thou thy selfe art iust of my mind (as thou saidest euen now) cōcerning our purpose propounded, I will therefore (without further delay) proceed in the rest.

Capn.

Do so Sir, I pray you: and first, how they hus∣bandmans state is euery way now as good as in former times.

Hydr.

Why man, who makes any question at all, but that the poore husbandman may as competently, as commē∣dably, and as contentedly continue the good estate of him∣selfe, and his husbandrie, now when he sits vpon twentie pounds rent, and growes but threescore quarters of corne at the most, as he might haue done in our forefathers daies, when he payed but twentie nobles rent by the yeare, and rea∣ped tweluescore quarters of corne at the least, all other things else being proportionably and euenly respected according to their different rates and reckonings? For when as one bu∣shell of barley (being then sold for fourepence in former times) was able to buy him but one pound of candle: one bushell of barley now (being sold for two shillings sixpence) will purchase this poore husbandman, a pound of candle, a pound of hops, a quarter of lambe, three pennie-worth of bakers bread, & a gallon of good ale at the least; & so forth proportionably for the rest of any his other needfull affaires.

Capn.

The case is apparently euident concerning the husbandmans happie estate: but how for the inferiour sorts of subjects?

Hydr.

The selfe same proportion (respecting their seue∣rall persons and places) will fitly serue for euery of them. For who seeth not but that the Artificers, Trades men, and poore labouring people (being painefull in their callings, frugall in their gettings, and prouident in all their dispendings) may

as competently, and as conueniently maintaine themselues, and the folke of their familie now, with bestowing two shil∣lings sixpence vpon euery bushell of corne, as their fore-fa∣thers might haue done in former seasons when they payed but sixpence for euery bushell. For euen as the prices of corne are now increased, so surely the different prices of their se∣uerall traffickes, their sundrie commodities, and ordinarie labours, they are likewise proportionably augmented and raised accordingly, so as the different times haue brought no disparagement at all to their different states. I will make it more apparently manifest by this demonstration: When a Shoo-maker (in former seasons) might readily buy him a bu∣shell of corne for sixpence, in those selfe same times he hard∣ly could sell a good paire of shooes for sixpence. And where∣as a Shoo-maker now payeth two shillings sixpence for eue∣ry bushell of corne, he may now also sell the like paire of shooes for two shillings sixpence. So as one paire of shooes (in former times) would buy but a bushell of corne: and one paire of shooes (in our present daies) will likewise procure him a bushell of corne. These things being certainely so, the Shoo-makers state is much better now, then was the Shoo-makers state in former seasons. For, this Shoo-makers hauing once procured him a bushell of corne with one paire of shooes, which also his fore-fathers were forced to giue for a bushell in former ages, he hath fully as many shooes remai∣ning for his further vses, as had his fore-fathers before him, yea and each paire of his will be fully as much worth as fiue paire of the like in his fore-fathers daies. And as in this one, so likewise in all other trades else, according to the selfe∣same proportion of persons, of times, of trades, and of traf∣ficke.

Capn.

It is euen certainly so as you say. And therefore I wonder what should make our Artificers, our Trades∣men, and poore labouring people so malcontent as they are, with their present estates.

Hydr.

It is not any vnauoydable want (I assure thee) but

a fantasticall wantonnesse rather, which (shaping their shooes now a great deale higher in the instep, then did their fore-fathers in former times) doth make them so malcontended. My meaning is this. Our men (hauing now more ambitious, more aspiring and haughtier hearts than had their fore-fa∣thers before them) they cannot d content themselues with meate, drinke, and clothing, with that competencie (I meane) where∣with their fore-fathers were fully contented before them: or (at least) they will not be pleased before such time as they haue abundance of blessings, to e consume the same vpon their inordinate and licentious affections. For let our Artificers, our Trades-men, and our poore labouring people be as in∣dustrious now in their different degrees, as diligent in their seuerall callings, as painfull in their ordinary labours, as pro∣uident in getting, as carefull in keeping, as frugall in dispo∣sing, and as heedfull in their domesticall dispendings as were their forefathers before them: and I see not (as yet) to the contrary, but that (the premisses themselues being proporti∣onably and rightly respected) they might euery way liue in as happie a state as did their fore-fathers before them. But when those men were industrious, and our men are riotous; when they were diligent, and ours too too lazie; when they were painfull, and ours ouer playfull; when they were proui∣dent in gathering, and ours profluuious in scattering; when they were carefull in keeping, and ours carelesse in sauing; when they were frugall in disposing, and ours prodigall in bestowing; when they were heedfull in dispending, and ours altogether heedlesse in dispersing: how should they possi∣bly accord in their proper conditions, when there is so great discord in their diuerse professions? How should they con∣sent in their equall properties, when they dissent so much in their seuerall practises? or how should they iump pat in their congruent states, when they so greeuously iarre in their dif∣ferent stirres? The Trades-men (in former times) would not willingly spend so much in seuen yeares together about the necessarie decking vp of themselues, their wiues, and seauen

small children, as our Trades-men now do wilfully waste a∣bout the needlesse trimming vp of proud Tag-tailes their wiues in lesse then one quarter of a yeare, or two at the most. The ancient Artificers then would not vsually prouide so many delicate dishes for themselues and their families in a whole twelue-moneth together, as our new vpstart Artifi∣cers do now commonly procure for each Sundaies dinner at least. Milke, cheese, and butter, was a rich and bountifull banquet with them: Pig, porke, and lambe is nothing with ours, vnlesse also they haue a whole quart of sacke to kindle their queasie stomackes withall. It was very much with poore laboures then, to play one poore halfe-pennie at cards throughout a whole Christmas together to cobble their shooes: it is nothing with our loyterers now, to lauish forth twelue-pence a weeke at one vnthristie, or poope-noddie at least, for whole gallons of ale to comber their cockscombes withall. It was fully sufficient for the common sort then, their wiues & poore children, to be reputed good, honest, plaine countrey people: whereas our vulgar sort are neuer satisfied now, vnlesse themselues be reckoned the odde burgo-ma∣sters of euery parish; vnlesse their proud wiues be gentilized with, May it please your good worship at euery word; vnlesse my yong princkcockes their sonnes be maistered with long lowsie huge lockes on their head, and a guilt-dagger for∣sooth, behind at their backes; yea and vnlesse my prettie pigs-nie their daughters bee ladified with a tucke on their tailes, and a paire of new pumpes on their heeles for hurting their kibes. So as howsoeuer our ancestours liued honestly, & contentedly with their former conditions, it is no maruell at all if these our late vp-startes be monstrously malcontent for their proper estates; without any one occasion at all from the scarcitie of corne for want of more tillage.

Capn.

Surely Sir, if you had bene lodged these seauen yeares together in the very closet of our common peoples hearts, you could neuer haue layed forth more soundly, the foolish humours of those their fantasticall heads. Yea and

all men may now plainly perceiue, that it is not any want of corne, but the wantonnesse rather of their leud disposi∣tions that makes them discontented with the times, with their states, and with whatsoeuer else is opposite to their humorous affections.

Hydr.

Very true as thou sayest. For the times themselues are as tollerable now, as euer before; their ordinarie estates as competent now, as euer before; the great plentie of corne as exceeding much now as euer before; yea and the prices also of corne as proportionably conuenient as euer before, if all things else bee rightly respected: onely our mutable minds are now growne quite out of order, and that is the onely maine cause which maketh vs so malcontent in our selues, and so mischieuous also against the publike good of our present state. But be it supposed there were now some present want of corne in our countrey, as these our disorde∣red persons may seeme to suggest, might not this want (thinkest thou) be much better supplied, than by these their disordered attempts about the vntimelie disparking of all Inclosures, for that their needlesse augmentation of tillage?

Capn.

Good Sir, I sée not (as yet) how these our un∣ruly Tobacconists may be brought to conceiue the reason hereof.

Hydr.

When proud horses (being handsomly had forth to the christall streames) may not possibly be made to drinke, canst ••hou conceiue any other reason of this their wilfull re∣fusall, but the onely pride of their stomacks which maketh them so causelesly to distaste the good and wholsome water before them?

Capn.

No surely Sir, that is the onely cause, I verily suppose.

Hydr.

And euen so in like manner, it is the onely height of our proud Tobacconists minds that will neither suffer them∣selues to see the depth of their desperate follie herein, nor yet let them be handsomly led forth to a better dexteritie, from y^e approued iudgement of others. For let the earth but yeeld

yearely the like abundance of graine that it now ordinarily groweth from time to time: and I doubt not at all but the prices of corne may still be continued in the selfe same reaso∣nable reckoning which they hold at this present, yea and (perhaps) be brought to a lower rate (as neede shall require) if the obseruations I could giue them herein, were rightly respected.

Capn.

Put downe those obseruations, I beséech you Sir.

Hydr.

Nay, soft here a while. For as I am not (I assure thee) a professed Polititian, so dare I by no meanes presume to put downe political orders for the publike State, in a king∣dome especially so prudently gouerned.

Capn.

Let no such néedlesse conceite (I beséech you) withhold your Christian care from y^e publike good of your countrey. For as it was no presumption in f Naamans little girle to propound, nor any preiudice to the reputation of Naaman to practise her prudent aduice for the timely re∣stauration of his diseased bodie to it pristinate estate: so is it no arrogancie in your owne selfe, nor derogancie at all from the iustly deserued dignity of any our politike states∣men, to referre your good thoughts (for the publike good of your countrey) to a publike consideration. And therefore, feare not to put your obseruations vpon termes at y^e least, whatsoeuer dislike ensue thereof.

Hydr.

I do willingly consent to this thy reasonable and honest perswasion. First therefore, if it might but please his excellent Maiestie, to command from time to time, a strict execution of all those penall statutes which were formerly g prouided against the needlesse transportation of corne and victuals into forreine parts, beyond y^e ordinary prices of corne put downe in those statutes; with a seuere exaction of the penalties appointed, at the hands of such husbandmen first, as conuey, or cause to be conueyed their corne to any hauen or port to be so transported; at the hands also of such insa∣tiable Merchants or others as do so transport our said corne; and then lastly, at the ship-maisters and marriners hands for

so transporting the same: & I doubt not but that there would be plentie enough of corne in our countrey, and the same continued from time to time at a reasonable rate.

Againe, if his said Maiestie might eftsoones be pleased to h become very prouident in granting so many needlesse li∣censes to any of those our monopolian Merchants especially, who do nothing else in effect, but ship ouer our corne, with other the like substantiall commodities of their natiue countrey into all forreine parts, and bring home from thence their trifling toyes; I meane boxes, hobbie-horses, and rat∣tles for little young babes, loombe-works and laces for young ladified lasses; proud pomanders, perriwigs, and squirrels tailes for prickmadaintie fooles, with other like trumpry trash: and I doubt not but that there would be plen∣tie enough of corne in our countrey, and the same continued from time to time at a reasonable rate.

Againe, if his said excellent Maiestie might likewise be pleased to command from time to time, the like seuere exe∣cution of penall lawes, prouided i against all Fore-stallers, Regrators, and Ingrossers of corne and victuals, with a full exaction of the penalties appointed against euery offender therein: and I doubt not but that there would be corne e∣nough in our country, and the prices continued from time to time, at a reasonable rate.

Againe, if his said Maiestie might be pleased to giue it in speciall charge, that the Iustices of euery countrey should from time to time k take a diligent suruey and view whether any of our countrey cormorants do accustomably keepe vp in their hands, some two, three, foure, fiue, yea sixe yeares corne together, first for the feeding of rats, mice, weasels, and then (being good for no purpose else) to bee tumbled forth by whole quarters at once for hogs and swine; with a very seuere and sharpe punishment for such as so filthily consume the good blessings of God: & I doubt not, but that there will be plentie enough of corne in our countrey, and the prices continued from time to time, at a reasonable rate.

Againe, let his Maiestie be likewise pleased to giue strictly in charge from time to time, that l no roysters, ruffians, rio∣tous persons, nor tippling Tobacconists do continue day by day, and night by night, at tippling Alehouses in a needlesse gormandizing, carousing, quaffing, and swilling in of wine, ale, and beere, as they vsually do; but m be industriously held and kept to their seuerall callings and labours: and I doubt not but that there will be plentie enough of corne in our countrey, and the prices therof continued from time to time at a reasonable reckoning.

Againe, let his excellent Maiestie be likewise pleased to command very strictly n the due execution of lawes from time to time vpon rogues, vagabounds, and sturdie-beggers, who like greedie Caterpillers, deuoure the good blessings of God, and as idle drones, do but sucke vp the sweete of other mens labours; as also o vpon any their maintainers and relee∣uers; together with such and so many as p neglect their time∣ly apprehension: and I doubt not but that there will be corne enough in our countrey, and the prices thereof continued stil at a reasonable rate.

Briefly, let his said excellent Maiestie be likewise pleased to command his said Iustices in euery countrey, from time to time q to execute very sharply the breach of his lawes vpon all disordered Alehouses, as also to put presently in practise r the speedie suppressing of superfluous Alehouses to the sixt part at the least in our land: and I doubt not to haue plentie enough of corne in our countrey, and the same at a reasona∣ble rate from time to time. For I make no question at all, but that ten hundred thousand quarters of mault at the least (be∣sides the abundance of wheate and other the good blessings of God) are very riotously, wastefully, and needlesly besto∣wed from yeare to yeare in our land, by reason of such super∣fluous tippling houses: which said mault, wheate, and the rest of Gods good blessings (being otherwise most frugally dis∣pended onely for the present necessitie of his Maiesties sub∣iects) would make more plentie of corne in our land by

much, and continue the same from time to time at a reasona∣ble rate, without any such needlesse augmentation of til∣lage.

Capn.

Surely Sir, if these things were prouidently obserued, and carefully executed from time to time (as in equitie they ought) according to the true intent and mea∣ning of law, we should haue from yeare to yeare such abun∣dance of corne, and at so reasonable a rate withall, as the augmentation of tillage would rather be hurtfull then helpefull to all estates: and therefore that the disordered enterprice of those our tippling Tobacconists (for any thing I do perceiue) was idle, and vtterly needlesse.

Hydr.

Very true as thou sayest, and the needlesnesse also thereof may yet be made more apparent by much, if thou considerest rightly the very true cause it selfe of these our To∣bacconists wants. Which their said wants arise not (I assure) from any defect of corne in our countrey, or through the ex∣cessiue prices of corne for the present, but rather from their owne inordinate riotous, licentious, and loytring carriage. For, what is the cause that all other Artificers, Trades-men and poore labouring people do now (notwithstanding this falsly supposed want of corne, and the excessiue prices of graine) so competently and so commendably maintaine their seuerall charges, with monie from time to time in their purse for any their needfull affaires: and these our disordered To∣bacconists are each hou••e so oppressed with penurie and want, as they are eftsoones enforced to aduenture vpon such vndu∣rifull and desperate attempts, to preserue them and all theirs from famine and hunger?

Capn.

Howsoeuer I my selfe might shrewdly ghesse thereat, yet can I not certainly set downe the certaine rea∣son thereof: and therefore do heartily intreate your as∣sistance therein.

Hydr.

With very good will. Wherein this also obserue by the way, that if it were the present want of corne, or that the excessiue prices of corne might iustly be adiudged the

cause thereof, then all other poore men besides, hauing fat greater charges than they, and (setting their painefull la∣bours apart) as little to take to as any of them, should haue as great cause to complaine of their wants as themselues. Neither is it their want of a competent skill, or sufficient strength of bodie to maintaine their labours that constraines them thus to complaine: for therein they farre exceede, and go beyond those other poore men by many degrees. But it is their onely want of grace, their want of a Christian consci∣ence, their want of an honest heart, and the want of a readie will to walke industriously in their seuerall callings, that cau∣seth this stirre. It is their lazie, their loytring and idle life, be∣ing hardly brought to labour soundly one day in a weeke. It is their prodigall dispending of whatsoeuer they get, about their filthie Tobacco fumes, and superfluous carousing cups. It is their fine daintie tooth, their excesse in apparell, and their riotous behauiour in euery place. Yea it is their profluuious lashing forth of whatsoeuer they get, at cards, ••ice, and o∣ther v••lawfull, nay rather vnthriftie pastimes. A••d now when all is thus spent, yea more than all, and themselues growne impatient in that their penurious estate, then forthwith they make most dangerous outcries about their priuate wants, and most desperately vndertake a causlesse supply thereof, by their disordered disparking of all Inclosures forsooth, vnder a false pretence of the needlesse augmentat••••n of tillage. By all which thou maist plainly perceiue, how pestiferous those their bad practises are to the long setled peace of our Soue∣raigne Lord the King: and consequently, how pernicious withall to the present good of our publike State.

Capn.

Sir, the case is apparently euident, like the Sunne in his strength, so as euen all (but such as are wilfully blind) may very easily espie the euident truth thereof.

Hydr.

Very true as thou sayest, And therefore, that these our poor-blind platformers in publike affaires, as also, euery of their polypragmaticall applauders may the more readily

be made to recouer a cleare vnderstanding concerning these matters, let vs now next, endeuour to draw those s filthie scales of corruption from out of their eies, by demonstrating yet more plainly to euery of them what further pestiferous perils to the present good of our publike State did still pro∣ceede, and poysonsomely breake forth from those their des∣perate attempts. For here I would haue thee to obserue a∣fresh, that the late disordered enterprise of those our intem∣perate Tobacconists, it was not onely flat opposite to the well established peace of our soueraigne Lord the King as thou heardest euen now, but very rebellious likewise to his king∣ly soueraigntie it selfe. Not onely, because they so desperate∣ly attempted the wilfull breach of his peace, but for that they so proudly resisted his kingly power, and did thereby most impudently declare themselues very obstinate, and open re∣bels against his sacred Maiestie.

Capn.

Oh Sir, I would to God you had bene somwhat more spare in your spéech, and not so satyrically haue ter∣med them Rebels; for that terme (I feare me) will hardly be brooked.

Hydr.

Howsoeuer thy selfe would haue me be spare, I loue to be plaine in my spe••ch, and to call a spade, a spade, how hardly soeuer digested. And why should they them∣selues, or any man else (I pray thee) dislike of that name which they in the very secret of their hearts so earnestly desi∣red, and (by their outragious carriage) so iustly deserued? That they in their owne hearts desired this name, it is more then apparently euident: because neither peaceable intreatie, nor any plausible meanes might possibly perswade their du∣tifull departure, nor once make them desist but a while from those their desperate attempts. And that their outragious ca∣riage di•• duly deserue such an odious name, they may not denie it themselues: not onely for that they would not (vpon his Maiesties Proclamation) depart from the field, but rebel∣liously persisted and proceeded afresh, in that their vnduti∣full practise. Howbeit (to the end thou maist more exactly

vnderstand my meaning herein) it shall not be greatly amisse, to examine first, the ordinarie vse of the word rebellare, ac∣cording to the iust proprietie of seuerall languages: and then next, to set succinctly downe a true definition of the very matter it selfe, as is properly intended by those the said seue∣rall languages.

Capn.

A very excellent order, and therefore I pray you procéede in your purpose.

Hydr.

With very good will. Wherein, I would haue thee obserue with deliberate consideration, that the Hebrewes they vse t the word maradh, which signifieth to offend by re∣belling against, to reuolt or forsake, to fall finally from one, to rebell, to deale perfidiously: as thou maist plainly perceiue by those seuerall Scriptures which are purposely put downe in the margine to make it more manifest. This word maradh, it hath a maruellous affinitie with another word u called ma∣rah, that is, to make bitter or sowre; as also with iaradh, that is, to descend or fall from: because the man that rebelleth, doth seeme (as it were) to reuolt or fall from his superiour so, as he doth vtterly vexe and grieue his heart. According to that which Abner vttered to Ioab, in an onely regard of the exceeding great slaughter betweene them, saying thus: x Shall the sword deuoure for euer? Knowest thou not that it will be bitter∣nesse in the latter end?

The Grecians they vsually haue for this matter, the y word aphistamai, which properly signifieth to resist, to withstand, or to depart from one: because the man that rebelleth doth seeme (as it were) to depart, or to withdraw himselfe from that other whom he so vniustly resisteth.

The French-men they commonly haue z Rebeller, se reuan∣ger, that is to say, to rebell, or to reuenge himselfe: because the man that so vniustly resisteth his lawfull Superiour, doth seeme to rest (as it were) vpon his owne proper reuenge without all authoritie.

The Italians they do vsually put downe for this point, the word a rebellare, resorgere, that is, to resist, or rise vp against

one: because the partie rebelling doth rebelliously rise vp in armes against his Superiour whom he so proudly resi∣steth.

The Latines they do eftsoones obserue the word b repug∣nare, that is, to fight purposely against, or to raise vp an op∣posite warre: because the partie so rebelling, doth vndutiful∣ly beare armour against him, whom he so vniustly resisteth. So as all these seuerall languages, they do (by this word to rebell) euen purposely speake of all such as abide not very firmely in that loyaltie or faith wherein they are authentical∣ly obliged, and dutifully bound to their soueraigne King, and naturall countrey. Or they vnderstand it of such as (being victoriously subdued before and (vpon their humble submis∣sion receiued to mercie) do nothwithstanding endeauour eft∣soones to stirre vp rebellious strifes against some such as they are orderly subiected vnto, and from whom they formerly receiued much mercie. Now then, as a warrior is properly called of the Hebrewes, c Ish-milehamah, that is to say, a man of warre; also of the Grecians, d polemisteis, that is, a man at armes, or one rightly enabled for warlike affaires; also of the French men, Guerroyeur, homme de guerre, that is, a warriour, or a man of warre; also of the Italians, Combattitore, gueeri∣eur, that is, a combatter, or warriour; and of the Latines, bel∣lator, that is to say, a warriour, or bearer of armes: So surely a rebell he is vsually called of the Hebrewes, posheang, that is to say, a transgressour, a perfidious, or mischieuous person; also of the Grecians aphistamenos, that is to say, a reuolter from an open resiter, or a wilfull withstander of publike authori∣tie; also of the French-men, Celuy qui rebelle, that is, one that obstinately, or stubbornely rebelleth against his Superiour. Also of the Italians, he is called rubello that is to say, a very pestiferous, or most persidious rebell; also of the Spaniard he is termed, rebela, that is, one which rebelleth, or taketh vp armour against his Prince: and of the Latines, rebellator, that is to say, a rebeller, an obstinate resister, or a wilfull withstan∣der of the Princes power. By all this then it is very apparent

what the word (rebellare) doth signifie, according to the na∣turall proprietie of each seuerall language.

Capn.

Good Sir, you ••aue sufficiently set forth the sence and meaning of the word rebellare, and therefore, now I pray you procéede to put downe a perfect definition of the matter it selfe, which is purposely intended by the naturall proprietie of those seuerall languages.

Hydr.

Content. And (for this respect) thou hast here to obserue afresh from the premisses, that a rebell is he who (ha∣uing bene lawfully conquered before, and vpon his humble submission receiued to mercie) doth estsoones (notwithstan∣ding) seditiously raise vp and vnlawfull war against his liege Lord, and lawfull Superior. Or else, a rebell is he, who abi∣deth not firmely in that honest loyaltie and faithfull obedi∣ence wherein he is strictly obliged to his authenticall King, and dutifully bound to his naturall countrey: but too too re∣belliously reuolteth from both, and resistingly taketh vp ar∣mour against his said authenticall Soueraigne and naturall countrey. By this then it is apparently euident, that rebellion is nothing else but a wilfull resisting or rising vp against a lawfull authoritie. And that therefore, if the word bellare be properly and purposely put downe to import and authenticall and lawfull warre, then the word rebellare it doth not impro∣perly, but euen purposely betoken an vnlawfull rebelling, or an vndutifull raising of warre against a lawfull authoritie. As also, if the word bellator, be truly translated an authenticall warriour, then the word rebellator, is not vnaptly termed a treacherous rebellour. I will yet more plainly demonstrate this matter thus. When two fight together in a cause contra∣dictorie, or in a matter of meere repugnancie, that quarrell (in the one of them) is vndoubtedly iust: but yet (in the other) it is vtterly vniust, so as (in this case) the imputation of rebel∣lion it cannot be truly imputed to both. For he that hath the iust quarrell, is properly said bellare, that is, to fight lawfully in the necessary defence of his owne proper right: but he that vpholdeth the vniust quarrell, he is not improperly said

rebellare, that is, vnlawfully to rebell or rise vp in an vnneces∣sary opposition to him that stands in the lawfull defence of his owne proper right. Not the other then, but this man that maketh the vniust opposition, is properly termed the partie rebelling. To apply this to our present purpose. The Kings Maiesties power, and these our disordered persons did skir∣mish together in a cause contradictorie, or in a matter of meere repugnancie. Because the Kings power it stood for the timely supportation of publike peace, and the necessary defence of his Maiesties positiue lawes against that their vn∣lawfull assembling together for the lawlesse and needlesse disparking of pastures inclosed: those disordered person so vnlawfully assembled they rose vp in their owne proper per∣sons against that his authenticall power, to mannage the vn∣lawfulnesse of that their desperate attempt against those his Maiesties lawes. Not both, but the one of these may truly be said to rebell. If they had dared to say then, or at this present do but thinke that his Maiesties power rebelled against them, and not they against his Maiesties power, it were more then high time they were all cut off quite, for so proudly e aduan∣c••ng the base bramble-bush of Shechem against the tall Cedar of Libanon. For f were not this (in very deed) to warre with the gods, I meane, to resist, and rise vp against Nature her selfe? Because in whomsoeuer there is a maioritie, in them there is placed a commanding authoritie, and in whomsoeuer there is a minoritie, vpon them is imposed an obeying necessitie. And therefore, if his Maiesties power may not iustly be said to rebell in that action, because it authentically stood vp for the onely supportation of publike peace, and the timely de∣fence of his Maiesties positiue lawes: it must then necessarily follow, that they themselues (so vnlawfully arising against his said Maiesties authenticall power) did make the rebel∣lion. And euen so, those our disordered persons (in that their vnlawfull resistance) they are very aptly and properly cal∣led obstinate rebels, how vnsauourie soeuer the word rebell doth seeme to that their vnsauourie taste. And that therefore

the one part of them (for that their vnlawfull rebellion) were iustly put to the sword, and all the rest of them since, not vn∣iustly deserued the gallowes as Felons, had not his excellent Highnesse (euen by the meere motion of his Kingly clemen∣cie without any their merit) then mingled g Mercie with Iustice, according to the approued testimonie of the blessed Apostle, who telleth them thus: h Let euery soule be subiect to the authoritie of the higher powers. For there is no power but of God, the powers that be, are ordained of God: whosoeuer therefore resisteth the power, resisteth the ordinance of God, and they that resist shall receiue to themselues damnation. For Princes are not to be feared for good workes, but for e∣uill. Wilt thou then be without feare of the power? Do well, so shalt thou be praised for the same, for he is the Minister of God for thy wealth. But if thou do euill, then feare; for hee beareth not the sword for nought, for he is the Minister of God, to take vengeance on him that doth euill. Wherefore you must be subiect, not because of wrath onely, but also for conscience sake. What sayest thou Capnistus, to the word re∣bellion, now? as also to the testimonie of the Apostle con∣cerning the same? Were they not rebels in that their resi∣stance? And was not that their rebellion a very pestiferous enterprise against the present good of our publike State?

Capn.

The case (I confesse) is much more apparently euident, than that any sound hearted subiect may once dare to oppose himselfe to the same. Although notwithstanding, they themselues, and their vnderhand fauourites do séeke to suppresse the imputation of rebellion thus: Indéed (say they) if those silie poore soules had taken vp armour against his Maiesties power, they might iustly be called rebels: but (alas) they were silie poore snakes, vtterly vnarmed, and therefore no rebels.

Hydr.

Why man, that their disordered intention (it be∣ing wilfully persisted in, with a resolute mind not to depart from the place) is by those (the forenamed statutes) made a plaine rebellion against his Maiestie, though neither armour

nor weapon were vsed at all. Yea and the word which the Apostle puts downe in the forenamed Scripture, importeth so much. For the word there i is antitassómenos, that is, one op∣posing himselfe vnto; one that resisteth, or withstandeth the power. Signifying thereby vnto vs, that not to obey, or not to submit to the power, is a plaine resistance, or a standing a∣gainst the power of God, albeit neither armour nor weapon were vsed at all. Otherwise Saint Steuen could not iustly haue challenged the stifnecked Iewes for k resisters and rebels against the holy Ghost, because (in that their wilfull resistance) they vsed no materiall armour at all, but onely l the weapons of vnrighteousnesse to sinne. But tell me Capnistus, do those cap∣tious confederates then onely accompt it rebellion when as weapons are vsed with warre against warre? Or is it onely the bearing of armour against his Maiesties power that maketh the rebell? How then may themselues be (that way) set free from the iust imputation of an obstinate rebel∣lion? For (besides that their vndutifull withstanding of his Maiesties Proclamation so authentically made in their owne proper hearing) had they not armour? had they not weapons? Had they not hatchets, axes, mattocks, shouels, spades, forks, staues, bowes and arrowes, bils, partizans, guns, with other like implements? were these no weapons thinkest thou? And would they be commanded (in a peaceable manner) to deli∣uer vp these? Nay did they not with violent force, and to their vitermost power, make a rebellious resistance with eue∣ry of these, against his Maiesties power? Yea and (which more is by much) did they not (like proud railing Shimeis) very villanously m cast pibbles and stones against our most vertu∣ous Dauid his authenticall power, euen then, when all the men of warre were n on their right hands, and on their left hands, I meane, had enuironed them round about on euery side? If therefore, it be the onely bearing of armour against his Ma∣iesties power that makes the rebellion, why, yet then surely euen they also themselues (so vsing these weapons against his Maiesties power) they are here very clearely concluded for

Rebels, and therefore very pestiferous persons against the present good of our publike State. Howbeit (besides those their former disordered courses, and desperate attempts a∣gainst good lawes of our land, against his Maiesties peace, as also against his said Maiesties soueraigne power) their dis∣ordered enterprise was yet more hurtfull to the present good of our State, by procuring ••o causelesly their owne, and other mens bloud to be so fearefully spilt about that their rebelli∣ous enterprise. The timely consideration whereof, should euen forcibly constraine the principall procurers of such a bloudie massacre to tremble and quake all the daies of their life, for feare, lest that shed bloud (at one time or other) be iustly o reuenged with bloud-shed vpon their owne pates.

Capn.

Oh nay Sir, such a consideration is so farre off from working their feare, as it rather procureth their com∣fort. For p the liuely image of God being (by that massacre) so fearefully defaced in those sillie poore soules whose bloud was so cruelly spilt, they doubt not (they say) but that the iust reuenger of bloud (whose image was so fearefully de∣faced in euery of them) will one day require an accompt for their bloud, according to his owne infallible promise, say∣ing thus:q I will surely require your bloud wherein your liues are, at the hands of euery beast will I require the same. At the hand of man, euen at the hand of a mans brother, will I require the life of man. For r whosoeuer sheddeth mans bloud, by man shall his bloud be shed: because s in the image of God hath he made man. Now Sir, (this being certainely so) they doubt not (they say) but that euen those war-horses, as also the warriours them selues shall one day yéeld an heauie accompt for so cruelly spilling their bloud.

Hydr.

Why man, thou didst freely confesse but euen now, that their rebellious disorder (in this their rebellious at∣tempt) was very well worthy of death.

Capn.

I did so indéed: and am still of that mind.

Hydr.

Yea, but tell me this one thing I pray thee. Who is the man that either may, or will dare to execute such a de∣serued

death vpon any one of them all, if (as themselues do blindly imagine) their bloud must be required at the hands of such as shall put them to death? Thou must necessarily ac∣knowledge thus much at the least, that some kind of men (in such an orderly execution of death vpon malefactors) are clearely acquited of those malefactors death, and so freed from yeelding an accompt vnto God for their bloud: or else (if that which these our fantastickes do fondly conclude from the forenamed Scripture be soundly concluded) that then no malefactors bloud may (at any hand) be split, with∣out the dreadfull displeasure of God.

Capn.

That must néeds be certainly so: and therefore, I pray you explane that portion of Scripture, for the bet∣ter satisfaction of them, and of me.

Hydr.

With all my heart. Wherein thou hast here to con∣sider afresh, that (immediatly after the first creation) the al∣mightie Iehouah designed to Adam himselfe t the primarie and soueraigne dominion ouer all other his creatures in generall, by u putting them vnder his feete: and then next (in a more spe∣ciall manner) ouer Euah her selfe, by x subiecting her desire to Adam her husband, appointing him withall, to haue the ma∣iestical•• soueraigntie ouer her person. After this, the Lord ra∣tified afresh, that selfesame maiesticall soueraigntie in Caine; by constituting him y a princely ruler ouer Abel his brother; by subiecting Abel his ordinarie desires vnto Caine; and by authorising the said Caine to rule ouer the person of Abel. By this meanes, insinuating to all the succeeding ages, that as he is z the God of order, so would he haue a order obserued a∣mong his creatures. And thereupon (by this his primarie pre∣sident of such a princely soueraignty in the said person of Caine) dis plainly demonstrate to all the world throughout their generations from age to age, how he had decreed for euer, that (in all humane societies to the end of the world) there should be some to beare rule, and some to obey. Now then, to the end the of-spring succeeding might not too too grosly imagine, that this selfesame princely preheminence of

some speciall person ouer the people, after the first age of the world was come to the full period or vttermost date, the Lord therefore immediatly after the floud (when the b win∣dowes of heauen were closed vp, and the waters quite fled from the vpper face of the earth) he c powerfully renewed the world afresh, by that selfesame primarie blessing wherwith d the pro∣pagation of man was blessed at first: and e reestablished also in man his primarie dominion ouer birds, beasts, and fishes. Yea and euen then also (recalling eftsoones to remembrance f the bloudie massacres of Nimrod and others, as also intending a maruellous increase of the world afresh, by those eight sur∣uiuers after the floud) he purposely diuised a very proui∣dent restraint concerning all such outragious murders as might any waies hinder his forenamed purpose for propaga∣tion: telling Noah and the rest, that he would vndoubtedly g require the bloud of man, at the hands of euery man outragious∣ly spilling the same. And because there should no scruple of conscience remaine in any those iust reuengers of bloud, the Lord God therefore doth authentically establish afresh, a perpetuall supereminent power ouer man and beast, for the orderly execution of that his vnchangeable ordinance con∣cerning the lawfull reuenge of any such wilfull murthers, tel∣ling them thus: h Whosoeuer sheddeth mans bloud, in man, or by man shall his bloud be shed, or let his bloud be shed. Lo this I assure thee, is the true sence and meaning of that portion of Scrip∣ture.

Capn.

Surely Sir, this sen••e which you giue, it seemeth very congruent with the proportion of faith, and scope of the text. Although yet, I haue heard say of some who do ve∣rily thinke that i the Lord (in that text) hath not exactly and purposely put downe any politique or positiue law concerning the authenticall punishment of outragious murders.

Hydr.

There are some (I confesse) who affirme as thou sayest, and those also of reuerend regard with the Churches of God. But whosoeuer more considerately examineth the

apt coherence of this one, with all the precedent verses, he will (I verily suppose) be soone of a contrary mind. For sith the Lord God (by the very tenure of that text) doth directly determine a timely reuenge of euery such wilfull murders by the subordinate ministerie of some one man or other: what man is he that may vnblameably vndertake the timely exe∣cution of that selfe same determined reuenge, but only some such a one as the Lord himselfe hath publikely and power∣fully enabled thereunto? Besides that, if we consider some∣what more strictly, the very maine reason it selfe which the Lord God hath purposely rendered for the vndoubted ap∣probation of such a ministeriall reuenge: we shall find (in my iudgement) the matter more euident than that it may proba∣bly be impugned of any. For whereas Noah, and his sonnes (conceiuing some doubt concerning the matter propoun∣ded) might haue made this exception, saying: Lord thou hast told vs euen now, that the outragious spiller of any mans bloud shall vndoubtedly be sure to haue his owne bloud spilt againe by man: but here shew vs (we pray thee) what one man in the world may reuengingly shed such a murderers bloud, and not be made guiltie of bloudshed himselfe? That may the magistrate to (saith the Lord) into whose au∣thentical hands alone, I haue (for such a determined reuenge) euen purposely put k my reuenging sword. Lo, here is the proper coherence, and the purposed scope of this present text.

Capn.

Very well. But why may such a man do it more than another, and not be made guiltie of murder him∣selfe?

Hydr.

For answer herein, let me first aske thee this question: namely, Whether thou beleeuest that the Lord God himselfe may take an immediate reuenge of innocent bloud vpon the murdering person?

Capn.

That I do verily beléeue; both because he hath iustly decreed such iust reuenge: and for that also he (be∣ing onely the supereminent God) may l Do whatsoeuer

seemeth good in his owne eies, without the checke or controle∣ment of any.

Hydr.

Well, and that which he may immediatly so worke by himselfe alone, may he not likewise mediately accomplish the same, by the ordinary meanes of another?

Capn.

Yes Sir, he may worke either by himselfe, or by another, what pleaseth himselfe. But sith he hath vn∣changeably determined such a reuenge vpon any the cause∣lesse spiller of bloud, how may this his mediate reuenger of bloud performe such an action more then another, and not be guiltie of bloudshed himselfe?

Hydr.

Such a man may vnblameably do it (saith God) because I my selfe (for that selfe same purpose) haue vndoub∣tedly substituted him thereunto, according to m the very i∣mage of that mine owne maiesticall soueraignty. That is, I haue (in a more especiall manner) aduanced him to such an excellent seruice, by inuesting his person more properly with a most liuely resemblance of mine owne reuenging power: & by making him especially, the authenticall representation or the expresse image of that mine owne immaculate iustice against malefactors. Thus then, these words of the Lord, namely (for n in the image of God hath he made man) they are euen purposely annexed to that the precedent decree of the Lord, as the very maine reason why such a substituted magi∣strate may powerfully and vnblameably require like of a murderer as a decreed reuenge of the murder committed: namely, because (for that selfe same businesse) he is the au∣thenticall image of the Almightie his absolu••e authority.

Capn.

Surely Sir, those words (as you say) they séeme to haue in them a very probable reason of that the prese∣dent decrée concerning the iust reuenger of bloud: and are therefore euen purposely annexed thereto, for a further con∣firmation thereof. Howbeit, some others (by your leaue) they do imagine that these words (o for in the image of God hath he made man) they were p not put downe there for any such supposed confirmation of the magistrate his subordi∣nate

power, as your selfe do séeme to affirme; but as an am∣plification rather, to aggrauate the sinne of such murder committed: telling the murderer thus, that not onely he hath bene most iniurious to the man whom he murdered, but that also the Lord his supereminent Maiestie is migh∣tily wronged thereby, q because his owne image in man (by such an outragious murder) is most monstrously mangled, marred, and (in a manner) defaced.

Hydr.

Although this which those men affirme, be (in it owne selfe) such a sanctified truth as proportionably con∣sorteth with the analogie of faith: yet is it not truly col∣lected (I verily thinke) from that portion of Scripture, if we more strictly consider the same according to the maine pur∣pose of the Almightie himselfe. Because these words (the i∣mage of God) they haue not any such reference there to the murdered man, but rather to the magistrate himselfe, so se∣uerely reuenging the murder committed. The Lord very plainly declaring therby, that r not onely a iust reuenge must seuerely be executed vpon the outragious murderers, but that also, the said reuenge must onely be orderly vndertaken by a man authentically endued with the authoritie of God. Yea and this sence of the place may yet more euidently breake forth to euery mans apprehension, if we aduisedly consider, first the seuerall significations of the image of God: and then next, if we examine more strictly the word s gnasa it selfe, put downe in the forenamed text.

Capn.

Shew me first (I beséech you) the seuerall signi∣fications of the image of God.

Hydr.

Touching the seuerall significations of that selfe∣same image, so frequent and ordinary in sacred Scriptures, we haue here to obserue, that a man is said to be made ac∣cording to the image of God, in a threefold respect: namely first, respecting the nature of his soule: the same being a spiritu∣all essence, immortall, eternall, inuisible, and very significantly resembling the immortalitie, eternitie, and inuisibilitie of his Lord and Creatour. And in an especiall regard hereof, each

man (so created) is fitly called t a liuing soule Secondly, a man is not vnaptly said to be created also according to the image of God, in an onely respect of the essentiall qualities of that his said soule, namely, righteousnesse, and holinesse: because man al∣so was therein accordingly created after u the image of God. And thirdly, a man may very well be said to be created also in the image of God, in a more speciall respect of the holy attri∣butes thereof bestowed vpon him, namely, dominion, dignitie, and glorie: because man also himselfe (euen by a more speciall dispensation from God) obtained from God x a most princely so∣ueraigntie ouer all the inferiour creatures, as also more specially y concerning mankind.

Capn.

This Sir (I confesse) is maruellous strange, and more then euer I heard. But what do you inferre from this thréefold signification of the image of God?

Hydr.

Euen that which notably tendeth to the timely confirmation of our purpose concerning the true ••ence of this text. For we may not (in any wise) vnderstand this portion of Scripture according to that primarie signification of the i∣mage of God, namely, according to the spirituall essence, im∣mortalitie, eternitie, and inuisibilitie of mans soule: because there∣in the soule of man was made immortall; and the Lord speaketh here precisely of that image of God in man, wherin mans bloud may be spilt, which cannot properly be said concerning mans soule. Neither may we vnderstand this portion of Scripture according to that secondarie signification of the said image of God, namely, according to the essentiall qualities of that selfesame soule, I meane, true righteousnesse, and holinesse: be∣cause those the essential qualities appertaining to the soule of man, as they were vtterly lost in our forefather Adam, so surely (being now eternally restored to a man in Christ) they are no way subiected to any such outragious spilling of bloud. And therefore we must necessarily vnderstand this making of man in the image of God, according to the third signification of the image of God, namely, according to that z diuine dominion, power, or soueraignetie which (by y^e speciall

dispensation of God) is more especially designed to some such speciall persons as are (by his absolute authoritie) to take a iust reuenge vpon all malefactours.

Capn.

Surely Sir, this thréefold signification of the image of God, doth shew forth the true sence of that text by sundry degrées a like the day-dawne in the morning. But how may this sence be yet further confirmed from a more strict examination of the word gnasa, put downe in that text?

Hydr.

Exceedingly wel. Because the word gnasa, (which is there translated (made) it may not properly be referred to that speciall worke of creation wherein Adam b was primari∣ly c or secondarily made according to the said image of God, concerning either the essentiall being, or the essentiall qualities of that his said soule, which are no way subiected to any such outragious spilling of bloud: and therefore it cannot bee rightly referred to either of them.

Capn.

Oh yes Sir, maruellous fitly, especially if the word gnasa, be vsed indifferently for that thréefold significa∣tion of the image of God.

Hydr.

It were certainly true as thou sayest, if the word gnasa indeede, were vsed indifferently for euery of those se∣uerall significations of the said image of God. And therefore, we haue here now to consider afresh, that as the holy Ghost hath purposely distinguished those seuerall significations of the image of God the one from the other: so hath he pre∣cisely obserued three seuerall words in the originall tongue, to set forth the different degrees of those the said actions of God, according to their different conditions.

Capn.

What are those thrée seuerall words, I beséech you?

Hydr.

The first word is d bara, that is, to create, or to make: and more properly it betokeneth e the bringing out of something, without any matter at all preexisting in nature. And euen so accordingly this word bara, it is vsed sometimes f for creation; sometimes againe g for procreation; or the brin∣ging

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of one thing from out of another, and sometimes also for h recreation, or making againe: because euery of these three seuerall actions there appeareth a wonderfull inherent power in God, who i worketh whatsoeuer pleaseth himselfe in heauen and earth: and k calleth those things which are not, as though they were.

Secondly, the Lord sometimes vseth the word l sarath, which properly and naturally signifieth to m burne vp, to boyle, to melt mettall, to trie forth by fire, and so metapho∣rically, to n trie out the children of men, to search through their hearts and their waies: also sometimes if signifieth to o to forme, or to fashion a thing, and to bring it vnto that exact and absolute condition which p doth proportionably con∣sent with the primarie patterne thereof.

And thirdly, the Lord sometime also he vseth the word q gnasa put downe in this portion of Scripture, as also r in sundry other places where occasion requireth. The which word (in like manner) is diuersly obserued in the sacred Scrip∣tures, according to the diuerse and sundry occasions offered. For sometimes it signifieth s the timely producing, and the orderly bringing forth of the fruites of the earth according to Natures primary appointment; sometimes it signifieth t the procuring, the getting, and the gathering, together of things, as men vsually do, when they gather vp goods and treasures; sometimes it signifieth u to prouide, to prepare, or to make readie a thing, as men commonly do, when they prepare and make readie their meate for the hungrie trauel∣ling persons; sometimes it signifieth x to do, to make, to fa∣shion, to forme, or to finish a thing, as the Lord did his workes in the first creation; sometimes it signifieth y to pre∣sent with sacrifice, or to offer vp sacrifice as men vsually do in the seruice of God; yea sometimes againe it signifieth z to aduance, to extoll, to grace, or to magnifie, as men common∣ly do vnto some such speciall persons as they aduance vnto dignitie, and euen so is the word gnasa a vsed in this our pre∣sent text.

Capn.

I perceiue the variety of significations concer∣ning those the forenamed thrée words, but what do you ob∣serue from the same?

Hydr.

Surely, euen that which sufficiently tendeth to the true opening of this portion of Scripture according to that onely sence which I set downe before. For seeing the holy Ghost hath not here put downe the word bara, which pro∣perly betokeneth the creating of something from out of no∣thing preexisting in nature; neither yet hath vsed the word tsarath, which properly signifieth to forme or fashion a thing (as it were) by melting the same in a mould: therefore, this portion of Scripture (being not purposely declared by any of those two words) it cannot properly be vnderstood of that primarie image of God which more particularly respecteth the first creation of man; and so consequently the speciall reason comprehended therein, it can haue no such peculiar reference to that murdered man in whom the created image of God is so defaced. Moreouer, sith the holy Ghost doth precizely put downe in this portion of Scripture, neither bara, nor tsarath, but the onely word gnasa, which properly betokeneth to aduance, to extoll, or to magnifie with honor, as I told thee before: therefore the text cannot significantly be resolued thus; For in the primarie image of God, hath the Lord created or formed that murdered man: but rather more proportionably thus; For in the secondary image of God, hath the Lord aduanced, and magnified that his subordinate reuenger of innocent bloud. And so the maine reason ren∣dred there in that text, it hath (thou maist see) a much more peculiar reference to such a reuenger of innocent bloud as is peculiarly authorised thereunto according to that diuine i∣mage of soueraignetie, wherein such a reuenger (by a peculiar dispensation from God) is authentically aduanced, extolled, and most honorably magnified. Now then, the Almightie Ie∣houah (protesting to Noah and the rest, that the b outragious spiller of any mans bloud▪ should by man haue his owne bloud spilt againe in a iust reuenge) doth presenly put downe the maine

reason, why such a subordinate reuenger of bloud may bold∣ly, and vnblameably accomplish that businesse: namely, be∣cause such a man (such a ministeriall reuenger of bloud I meane) is authentically formed or made in the image of God; or (to speake more significantly and properly according to the originall text) because such a subordinate reuenger, is au∣thentically aduanced, dignified, extolled, or magnified with the authenticall image, or liuely resemblance c of that the Almightie his maiesticall soueraignetie, wherewith he may boldly and vnblameably execute vengeance vpon all such malefactors as are formerly condemned to death for any their enormious or capitall crimes. Lo Capnistus, this (I assure thee) is the very true sence and meaning of that portion of Scripture.

Capn.

Surely Sir, this sence which you giue (in my proper conceipt) it is without all contradiction. More espe∣cially, if those the former thrée words be not méere Synoni∣ma, words (I meane) of one and the selfesame significa∣tion, but are vsed rather (as you say) for such different termes as are purposely put downe by d the spirit of truth, to distinguish those the forenamed thrée actions of God, ac∣cording to their different, and diuerse conditions.

Hydr.

There is (I assure thee) no question thereof. Yea and therefore the e onely wise God (to take quite away all colourable shewes of any such idle conceipt) hath of very purpose compacted and coupled euen those the former three words (I meane, bara, tsarath and gnasa) all ioyntly toge∣ther in one and the selfe same verse, yea and (which more is by much) for those the three former different respects which we precizely spake of before, saying thus: Euery one shall be called by my name, for f berathiu, ietsarethiu, aph-gnasithiu that is, I haue created him, I haue formed him, yea I haue exalted him.

We may not therefore too too grosly imagine that these three seuerall words were here put downe by the Prophet, onely for bate Synonima, as words (I meane) of one and the

same signification; for so should he haue made but an idle tautologie, that is, but a superfluous and a needlesse re∣petition of one and the selfe same matter, propounded thus: I haue created him, I haue created him, I haue created him. But those three seuerall words they are vsed there rather g as different termes, or as an elegant gradation, to set forth more succinctly, the excellent and most admirable order of the Lord his exceeding great kindnesse towards the elect. For first of all the Prophet he telleth the people, that (from the very first houre of their creation) the Lord h hath ordained them to his owne euerlasting glorie i according to the eternall purpose of his owne will. Then next, that he formeth or fashio∣neth them afresh, being fearefully fallen from their former integritie: that is, k he calleth, iustifieth and preserueth them to himselfe, by this holy Spirit of regeneration, And last∣ly, that he aduanceth, extolleth, or magnifieth them with a soueraigne dominion, dignitie and honour l both in this, and the life to come.

Capn.

The matter (as you make it) both seeme verie probable. But yet do tell me (I pray you) wherefore you your selfe haue purposely translated the word gnasa put downe in that place (aduanced or magnified) rather then (made or formed that man in the image of God) as it is vsually turned in many of our Latine and English Bi∣bles?

Hydr.

I haue purposely translated the word gnasa so, for three principall reasons. First, because (among the manifold significations of that word set downe before) it is no impro∣per, but a most proper signification of the word it selfe. Se∣condly, for that the very coherence and purpose of that pre∣sent text doth euen proportionably require that selfe same translation. And thirdly, because (in sundry other places m of Scripture besides) the same word gnasa (vpon the like vrgent occasion, by many most excellent and learned n Linguists) is ordinarily and vsually translated, to aduance, to extoll, and to magnifie with a soueraigne dignitie, dominion, prehemi∣nence,

or princely power. As in Deuteronomie thus, Is not the Lord God thy Father, that hath redeemed thee, that hath magnified thee, that hath proportioned thee? And a little af∣ter, thus: He forsooke God that magnified him, and regarded not the strong God of his saluation. Also in Samuel, thus: It is the Lord that magnified Moses and Aaron, and brought your fathers out of the land of Egypt. Also in▪ Isaiah thus: E∣uery one shall be called by my name (saith the Lord) for I created him, I formed him, I magnified him. And againe in another place thus: I the same, euen I will beare you vntill the hoare haires, I haue magnified you; I will also beare you, I will carrie you, and I will deliuer you. Where also he vseth the like elegant gradation, (though in different termes) to that which he spake of before. Now then, sith such excellent Linguists (notwithstanding the forenamed opposition in some of our Latine, and English Bibles) haue thus (vpon vr∣gent occasion from those the former propounded o Scrip∣tures) of very purpose translated the word gnasa (not made, but magnified rather) according to the naturall signification thereof: why may not I Capnistus (vpon a like vrgent occa∣sion from the text it selfe) translate the word gnasa, put downe p in Genesis (not made, but magnified man in the i∣mage of God) notwithstanding any thy pretended oppositi∣on in the forenamed Bibles?

Capn.

Surely Sir, I sée no reason at all why the like lawfull libertie herein, may not (vpon equall occasion) be vsed by you, which was formerly vsed of others, yea and so much the rather, by how much the sence which your selfe haue giuen concerning this portion of Scripture, is there∣by made so apparently euident to each mans apprehension, as that I (for mine owne part) am presently constrained to q crie out and say thus, Oh great is the truth, & must néeds preuaile.

Hydr.

If any besides they selfe do yet seeme scrupulous concerning this sence of the place, I do here purposely referre him (for further satisfaction herein) to that the authenticall

interpretation thereof which our Sauiour himselfe, and the holy spirit of God (vpon iust occasion) haue authentically put downe: saying thus vnto Peter (and all other whatsoe∣uer being onely but persons of priuate regard) Put vp thy sword into his place, r for all that take the sword, shall perish with the sword, Wherein our Sauiour Christ doth s make no restraint of the Magistrate his lawfull authoritie in the vse of the sword: but only inhibites an ••surped authoritie, or a law∣lesse abuse thereof. And therefore, these words in Mathew t hoilabóntes, that is, all that take the sword, would rather be translated (saith Beza) thus u omnes vsurpantes, that is, euery one vsurping the sword shall perish with the sword. Yea and so the Hebrew word x nasa (saith he) whereunto answereth the Greeke word, tò lambánein, is eftsoones obserued in y the sacred Scriptures. And in very deede, those men, they may iustly be said to take, that is, to vsurpe the sword, to whom the same is not purposely giuen by the Lord himselfe, or who do abuse the said sword beyond the appointed limits and bounds of their proper calling. As did Peter there, and as all others before the law written should vndoubtedly haue done: had not the Almightie law-giuer (in that z ninth of Genesis) authentically enabled their persons to take iust re∣uenge vpon any the outragious spiller of innocent bloud. Thus then I hope the Magistrates authoritie (concerning such a sanctified vse of the sword) was sufficiently established among the old Patriarkes, euen by that selfesame legall de∣cree which the Almightie concluded there with Noah, and the rest immediatly after the floud. Wherein also I haue la∣boured the matter so much the more, by how much I would not willingly (without very apparent reason) be said to dis∣sent from so worthie & reuerend a man, concerning the true and naturall sence of that portion of Scripture: as also to let thy selfe and the rest perceiue, that his Maiesties power (so authentically suppressing those our rebellious Tobacco∣nists) was no waies made guiltie of shedding their bloud.

Capn.

The truth thereof is so apparently euident, as

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(I thinke) all men but such as are purposely blind, will fréely acknowledge the same. But yet Sir, they and their vnderhand fauourites do excéedingly wonder, that so ma∣ny poore soules should be put to the sword, being al English men borne, and bred in our countrey.

Hydrophorus.

How many (thinkest thou) were put to the sword?

Capn.

I do not certainely know the number my selfe, but y^e report goeth currantly in many mens mouthes, that there were fouretéene score slaine and hurt at the least.

Hydr.

What maruell is it, though such a false report ran currantly among that disordered companie, sith their words seemed a softer then butter, when (not withstanding) there was war in their hearts: & seeing their speech appeared more smooth ••hen oyle, when as yet they imagined nothing but mischiefe, being not vnlike to b a very sharpe razour which cutteth so deceitefully, as hardly a man may perceiue the same. But oh impudent mouthes, which are no whit ashamed (vnder a falsely pretended couerture of foureteene score per∣sons) to shilter foureteene score lies and foure at the least: for there were not slaine aboue sixteene persons at most. Notwithstanding, behold here the bad disposition of those our monstrous Minotaures? For as they had desperately c laid their bloud••e hands before vpon such as were soundly at peace with euery of them, and broken the holy couenant of their dutifull subiection to his Maiesties power: so surely (to hide the horrour of that their horrible enterprice) they are not now ashamed to make knowne to the world, that they d do rather loue euill, then that which is good, and do take a far greater delight to broach abroade lies, then to vtter the truth of the matter.

Capn.

But yet Sir (notwithstanding all this) they do boldly affirme, that a most barbarous crueltie was shelved vpon sillie poore women and children; one woman being sauagely killed with two young babes in her wombe, ano∣ther runne bloudily through with a speare, the one end

thereof sticking fast in the ground, and the other end being pitifully shattered on péeces in her harmelesse sides: also vpon old men, women and children, being but weeding their corne in the fields: and lastly, vpon poore passengers likewise, that did but trauell by the way.

Hydr.

It seemeth rather (by the purport of thy speech) that a most barbarous villanie is vsed against his Maiesties souldiers, by these most barbarous and sauage reports. How∣beit, it now plainly appeares, that these barbarous Canni∣bals can do nothing else but e vse their bad tongues to de∣ceipt▪ that they f haue sharpened their said tongues like a ser∣pent; that g the poyson of Aspes is vnder their lips; and that they h delight in nothing at all, but to shoote out their ar∣rowes (I meane) most bitter and venimous words. For I assure thee this on my credit, that there was killed neither woman nor child; neither yet any one creature weeding their corne, was so much as once challenged at all. It may be (I confesse, which yet I beleeue can neuer be proued) that some one passenger (carelesly crowding himselfe in the midst of the throng as they fled) receiued some little hurt at vna∣wares, but wittingly and willingly not touched at all: and therefore those his Maiesties souldiers are most barbarously belied by these their beastly reports. Howbeit, the best reme∣die they haue against i those deadly stroakes of the tongue, is (with good David) to crie out to the Lord and say, k Deliuer vs oh Lord from the euill men, preserue vs fro! such pestilent persons, and protect our harmelesse soules from all those ly∣ing lips which l imagine but euill things in their rebellious hearts, and stirre vp a deadly strife all the day long; which do m mischieuously furmize all manner of words that may do hurt, oh false deceitfull tongues. But thou oh Lord wilt n shoote an arrow sodenly at euery of them, yea their deadly stroaks they shal be at once. They shall cause their own tongs to fall pat on their pates, in so much as whosoeuer seeth them shall flee from them, and say thus vnto euery of them:o What good haue those your deceiptfull tongues procured vnto

you? or what do those your venimous mouthes auaile you at all? Hath not the Almightie Iehouah destroyed you for e∣uer? hath he not plucked you out from your tabernacles, and made you a present terrour to those that passe by the way: when they daily behold what monuments of mischiefe you are iustly become to all disobedient and rebellious raskals? Euen so p let all thine enemies perish oh Lord, that shall any waies raise up themselves against thine annointed, but let all those that loue thee and thy sauing health, be euen as the Sunne, when he ariseth in his strength. So be it Lord Iesus. Thus then thou seest now Capnistus,that (notwithstanding any their barbarous babblings abroad) his Maiesties power is euery way freed from blame: and those q cursed Cains themselues are euery way guiltie of spilling their owne and their confederates bloud, either then in the skirmish, or at any time since, in the orderly execution of iustice vpon them.

Capn.

Good Sir, I do not as yet perceiue, how they themselues should be made guiltie of any mans bloud but their owne, vnlesse haply they did most outragiously lay their violent hands vpon any their associates slaine.

Hydr.

Thay they themselues became guiltie of their owne, and their confed••rates bloud, it is more then apparently eui∣dent. Because howsoeuer it be necessary that offences should come, yet r woe be to that man whatsoever, by whom the of∣fence first cometh on foote. Yea and the ciuill law telleth vs confidently, y^t s whosoeuer administreth an occasion of hurt, that man is accompted y^e doer of the hurt it selfe. Moreouer, if their laying of violent hands vpon any of those their associats (though otherwise, neuer so worthie of death) had vndoub∣tedly made them guiltie of that their bloud: what a dange∣rous condition then, are those wretches in (thinkest thou) before the Maiestie of the immortall God, who so desperate∣ly combined themselues in one, and with such bloudie and murdering resolutions made haste to murder his Maiesties authenticall power? Yea and (which more is by much) what

a fearefull case are those blind Cannibals in before God in their conscience, who so caus••lesly, so cruelly, so cursedly, and with most rebellious minds to the King his excellent Maie∣stie, did so villanously execute such a villanous, merciles, and monstrous massacre vpon s that excellent Captaine, who was the deputed conducter of his Maiesties power for the pre∣sent? whose experimented valour for seruice of weightie importance, and whose admirable worth for the timely at∣chieuing of any notable exploit, is famous throughout the whole world; yea and whose wofull want for future imploy∣ments of trust, is ten thousand times more then would be the want of an hundred thousand of such sillie fresh-water souldiers as rebelliously bare armour then against his said Maiesties authenticall power. Well, sith i•• is now as it is, let them praise God with all their hearts, for his Maiesties excee∣ding great clemencie in so pardoning, and sparing their liues for the present; and let them (in Gods holy name) endeauour now to spend the remainder of their wofull daies, in an earnest and heartie desire to be freed forthwith from t that one bloud-guiltinesse aboue all the rest, before the presence of God; lest good Abel his innocent bloud u do continually crie out for vengeance against them: and themselues (being iustly cast forth from the face of the earth) begin with horrour of conscience x to run hither and thither like runagate-vagabonds, being hourely afraid to be cruelly killed of euery one that shall but happen to meete them. Lo Capnistus, this is the worst I wish to them all, and this is the best I can do for them.

In the meane time, thou maist now very plainly perceiue by that which is spoken, what a pestilent crew of pernicious persons all those our disordered Tobacconists were (for the present) to the publike good of our State; as also, what fur∣ther mischiefes might forthwith haue followed vpon those their mischiuous attempts, had not our merciful God (by the prouident care of those his Maiesties most prudent magi∣strates) very mercifully met with the mischiefes in time:

Namely, many mutinous broiles among our owne selues; ci∣uill dissentions in euery coast, the spending of our selues a∣gainst our owne selues, much spilling of English bloud, a pre∣sent spoile of all the good blessings of God, the opening of a fearefull gap to forreine inuasions, most cruell massacres on euery side, with an extreme hazard of King, of Queene, of kingly of-spring, of our happie estate, yea & of this our flou∣rishing kingdome also, without the more mercie of our mer∣cifull God.

Capn.

It is vndoubtedly true as you say. And therefore the Lord of his infinite mercies forgiue all men their sins in deseruing, and those men their sins in attempting such horrible beginnings of mischiefe.

Hydr.

The Lord God say amen to the same, for the me∣rits of Iesus Christ. Now then, (to knit vp the second part of this our present discourse in a summarie speech) sith those the disordered courses of our gracelesse Tobacconists are eue∣ry way so exceedingly hurtfull to their owne proper persons, first by poysoning their bodies and soules, and then next, by procuring a prodigall dispending of their ancient patrimo∣nies and other preserments; sith they are so vnnaturally iniu∣rious to their owne wiues & children, by causing their need∣lesse pouertie, and wofull complaints; sith they are so barba∣rously cruell towards their poore Tenants, for the chargea∣ble supply of their vnnecessary wants; sith they are so outra∣giously resolute vpon the present spoile of other mens sub∣stance; sith they are so fearefully opposite to the well setled peace of our countrey; sith they are so starely repugnant to the good established lawes of our land; sith they are so dan∣gerously occurring to the publike peace of our soueraigne Lord the King; sith they are so proudly rebellious to his Ma∣iesties soueraigne power; sith they are such ineuitable prouo∣cations to the vntimely spilling of their owne and other mens bloud; briefly, sith they are the horrible beginnings of many mutinous broiles, of ciuill dissentions, of spending our selues, of spilling much bloud, of spoyling the present good

blessings of God, of opening a fearefull gap to forreine inua∣tions, of cruell massacres, of an extreme hazard to our graci∣ous King, our Queene, the royall Progenie, to our happy Estate, and most flourishing kingdome: Let their owne pro∣per bodies, their patrimonies, their wiues, their children, their poore oppressed Tenants, their honest good neighbours, the quiet of our countrey, the lawes of our land, the publike peace of our soueraigne Lord the King, his Maiesties soue∣raigne power, their owne and other mens blouds, the for∣reine powers about vs, our King, our Queene, the whole Progenie, our present good, the flourishing state of our king∣dome, yea and Capnistus also himselfe, in the name of those our disordered Tobacconists; let all these (I say) both ioyntly, and seuerally conclude with me, and for me, whether those their filthie Tobacco fumes are, not onely pernicious to their owne proper bodies, but ouer profluuious also for those our ••isordered Tobacconists purses, and too too pestiferous to the present good of our publike State.

Capn.

Surely Sir, I (for mine owne part) do not one∣ly conclude it an infallible truth from my very heart roote, but will (herewithall) very readily afford you a generall applaud from the rest, and my selfe: praysing the Almigh∣tie with heart and mouth, that it was his gracious proui∣dence to bring me so right in your companie, before that I entred vpon my purposed voyage: protesting withall from an vnfained heart, to haue from henceforth those filthe To∣bacco fumes in no lesse detestation then the diuell of hell.

Hydr.

Not so Capnistus. For howsoeuer I am heartily glad to heare thee brought now into such a deadly deflation with those their former Tobacco fumes, yet let not my present speech, bring any such preiudice to that thy purposed voy∣age. Thou art a proper young man, of exceeding great hope in our countrey, even now in thy best flourishing state; and young-men (thou knowest) by trauelling forreine countries, may haply attaine to a notable experience; besides that, this thy purposed adventure, may become very gainful vnto thee.

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Capn.

I am a young man (Sir) I confesse; and there∣fore do stand in more néed of a sound and setled experience. Howbeit, I have now gathered (I thanke my good God) such an experimented and sanctified wisedome from this your present discourse, as doth very plainly demonstrate vnto me, the palpable foolerie of all my former West In∣dia voyages. Although this I acknowledge withall, that (if my purposed iourney had this way bene prosperous) I could (by the onely trafficke of Tobacco it selfe) haue cleare∣ly gained thrée hundred pounds by my voyage at least; so vainly are our vaine English-men affected after a vaine, and vanishing filthie fume. But Sir, (Gods holy name be blessed) I begin now to abhorre the gaine that is enter∣prised with such imminent perils, and accomplished also with such endless paines. For what will it y profit a man to winne the whole world, and lose his owne soule? And (Sir) you told me but euen now, that z Whosoever but administreth an occasion of mischiefe, he is the principall master of that mischiefe himselfe.

Hydr.

That is certainly so. But God grant Capnistus, that this so forward a protestation proue not a fire-flash, resem∣bling those sodaine flames of thy filthy Tobacco fumes, which (being sodainly kindled with the flame of a candle) are as sodainly quenched with good ale fumes. Yea I beseech the Almightie with all my heart, that this thy sodaine illumina∣tion proue not (in the end) and odde Interiection, I meane, some sodaine passion of a passionate mind prolated vnder an vnperfect voice, and thereupon as sodainly vanish away like a flash or a fume.

Capn.

Nay Sir, my protestation procéeds from a firme and setled iudgement: and (that you may the rather credit my spéech) I will tell you what seale shall be set to the same for a further confirmation thereof.

I have (at this present) two hundred pounds worth of this beastly Tobacco at home in my house; all which (not∣withstanding the great value thereof) shall either pre∣sently

packe to the fire as a burnt oblation for this my aduised vow, or else be sent swimming downe the Thames at the least, directly towards West India from whence it first came, in an vtter detestation of the most detestable foo∣leries of those our disordered Tobacconists.

Hydr.

Not so Capnistus. For howsoever the filthie fume of Tobacco taken inward be most pernicious to the bodies of men, yet may there a very good vse be made of the hearbe it selfe for sundry diseases befalling the bodies of men, as I told thee before.

Capn.

Good Sir, I am altogether hopelesse for euer beholding any good vse of that which (being first abusiuely brought to our countrey by bad and wilde dispositions for the onely abuse thereof) hath euer since bene beastly abused by like dispositions, and never yet conuerted to any good vse at all. And therefore (for mine owne part) I will neuer regard whatsoever supposed good vse may hereafter bee made of Tobacco it selfe, all the while I perceiue the pre∣sent abuse of filthie Tobacco fumes in such earnest request a∣mong our disordered Tobacconists: more especially among those our insatiable deuourers of all the good blessings of God; and therefore I will (for euer hereafter)beware of giuing the least occasion to any such fearefull abuse.

Hydr.

Gods holy name be blessed for these his good be∣ginnings of grace, and the Lord multiplie his sweete mercies vpon thee an hundred fold. But yet thus much I would haue thee remember withall, that as it is the vndoubted true na∣ture of all those to whom the Lord restoreth a the ioy of his sa∣uing health, and more fully establisheth with the spirit of free∣dome, to shew forth his mercifull waies to the wicked: so is it a speciall dutie imposed vpon euery Christian Conuert (be∣ing soundly conuerted himselfe) euen then also most serious∣ly to labour b the sound conuersion of all others besides. And therefore (good Capnistus) I pray thee heartily, do thou now make knowne thy Christian conuersion, by that thy Christi∣an care in conuerting thy brethren. Shew thy selfe c wise(for

euer hereafter) in winning of soules: and so shalt thou certain∣ly know, that d he which hath conuerted a sinner from going astray from the waies of the Lord, shall saue a soul from death, and couer a multitude of sinnes.

Hydr.

Good Sir, my good will that way (by the grace of God) shall neuer be wanting when, or wheresoeuer I méete with any of them: how furiously soeuer their filthie Tobacco fumes do make them to fret, to frowne, or to to fume at the same.

Hydr.

Indeed Capnistus, whensoeuer thou dost soundly vndergo such a Christian course, thou must looke forthwith for the e strokes of the tongue. For thou shalt no sooner begin f to proclaime desolation against those their shameful disorders, but the sweete word of the Lord will be made a reproach to thy person, and thy selfe shall be had in derision for it. Then shalt thou be forced g to heare the raylings of many, and be assaulted with feare on euery side: yea then be thou sure h that euen those thy former familiars will narrowly watch for thy halting, and daily endeauour to execute all their out∣ragious villanies vpon thee. But i be thou nothing dismaid with any their terrours, feare not their fierie threatnings, nei∣ther bee thou troubled at all with, the rufull remembrance thereof; nay rather, be thou euery houre ready k to offer thy backe to those smiters, and thy cheekes to those nippers, and neuer hide thy face from their shame and spitting. But endure thou with meeknesse l the outragious raylings of those ra∣ging Rabshakeians, and vndergo with patience, the m causeles curses of any those shamelesse Shimeis, because the Lord himselfe hath bidden them curse: it may be, the Almightie will much more mercifully behold thy affliction, and do thee much good for their cursing that day.

Capn.

Good Sir, (being thus resolutely bent as I am n to fight the Lords battailes, neuer make you any doubt (I beséech you) but that I haue long since o set downe, & seri∣ously cast with my selfe, whether I be able with bare ten thousand, to méete him y^• cometh against me with twenty

thousand, or not. Do as you may be certaine of this, that (if I had either felt a fainting heart, or found too féeble a force, I would rather p send an Ambassadour, and desire conditi∣ons of peace, then desperately aduenture my selfe vpon any so bloudy a bickering. And therefore, I pray you ceasse wéeping q and breaking my heart: because (by the helpe of my God) I will rather endure ten thousand tortures and torments, then suffer his glorious name to be so déepely dishonoured by any their disordered dealings, or permit his gracious blessings to be so prodigally and so profluui∣ously r dispended vpon the inordinate lusts of those our in∣satiable and lasciuious suckers in of filthie Tobacco fumes, if any my priuate admonitions, or open reproofes may hinder the same.

Hydr.

If thy resolution be thus, why then, s the will of the Lord be done; but in any wise obserue (I pray thee) a Christian course in those thy rebukes.

Capn.

My Worshipfull Fathers, and fellowes for for∣reine aduentures: We that u go downe to the Sea in ships, & occupie our businesse in huge great waters, we haue eft∣soones séene the great works of the Lord, and his wonders done in the déepe. How he commandeth the stormie winds to arise, and lifteth vp those the mighty waues of the Sea, which make our tottring ships mount vp to the heauens, and downe againe to the déepe. So as our soules they melt for trouble, to sée our selues tossed to and fro, to stagger like drunken men, and to be hourely brought to our wits end for feare. We remember (I hope) that when wee cried heartily out to the Lord in the midst of those our dange∣rous troubles, he brought vs forth from our present di∣stresse, by turning those great tempests into a quiet calme, and by causing the waues of the Sea to be still. Lo, then began wee to be heartily glad, because wee were safely brought to the hauen where we longed to be. These things (my deare brethren) we all know to be true in our owne proper experience. Oh let vs therefore most highly exalt the

Lord in the congregation of his people, and praise his great name in the assemblie of the Elders. Let not our goodnesse herein, be x as a morning cloud, or like to the morning deaw that goeth away. Let vs not within a while y forget God our Sauiour: who hath dealt so wonderfully with e∣uery of vs, aboue many the sonnes of mortall men. But let vs eftsoones be perswaded, that those terrible stormes of wind they did onely pronosticate the ineuitable stormes of God his excéeding great anger against our excessiue sins: yea and let vs acknowledge withall, that there can be no greater wickednesse concerning our ordinary callings, then wittingly to trafficke home that from forreine parts, which doth both willingly and wickedly procure a generall wastfull consuming of all the good blessings of God. More especially, whē those selfe same blessings are prodigally dis∣pended vpon that which not onely doth our countrey people no one good at all, but also which hurteth their health, consumeth their wealth, and hazardeth eftsoones their hap∣pie estates.

Perhaps your good worships do wonder much what this hurtfull trafficke might be? I will here tell you the same without further delay. It is that our filthie Tobacco fumes which we so dangerously aduenture to get; which our owne countrie-men so gréedily deuoure, and which hath so egre∣giously endangered our publike State. I know there is an excéeding great gaine to be gotten thereby: yea I feare me (alas) that too too many of our miserable Merchants (by the very sale thereof) haue gotten the diuell and all. But ac∣cursed be that gaine whatsoeuer z which is so dangerously obtained with the excéeding great griefe, and hazard of body and soule in hell. The pernicious, the profluuious, and pestiferous effects of these our filthie Tobacco fumes, do vniuersally appeare throughout this whole countrey of ours, and a woe bee to them that are found the primary cau∣sers thereof.

Let not vs (my worshipfull Fathers, and fellowes in

forreine aduentures) for a priuate gaine to our proper pur∣ses, procure the cause of a publike bane to our owne coun∣trey people. Let not our inordinate care of superfluous wines, be made an ordindary b razour to our countrie-mens throates. Let not our preposterous profession, be any occa∣sion at all to our countries perdition. Let vs no longer co∣zen our poore countrey neighbours, by bringing them home a filthie pestiferous fumes, for their rich and substantiall fruits. Let vs not still shew our selues to be those insatia∣ble hungrie Merchants, who (hearing once what wonder∣ful gaine may be got from the intoxicated minds of Moone∣headed Minotaures) do most shamefully c take ouer with them an abundance of gold and siluer, to sell the sonnes of Israel for slaues, d and to make open sale of the soules of men for old shooes: lest the Almightie reuenger of innocent bloud e do breake our whole Nauie in péeces, and disable them finally for all forreine aduentures. Let vs not here∣after any more vndergo such dangerous voyages for vaine and vanishing smoke, but endeuour to trafficke home ra∣ther f the cedar trées, and firre trées, the Algummin wood, the gold of Ophir, and precious stones: so shall we be wor∣thely estéemed those honest and frugall aduenturers who séeke rather the publike good of our countrey, then the pri∣uate gaine of our purses. But if (notwithstanding any thing hitherto said) we neither care what bad trafficke we buy, nor passe not what excessiue prices our poore countrey∣men pay for our paysonsome pelse, all the while wee our selues may liue by their losse, then surely we shall most fil∣thily shame our selues, and plucke a iustly deserued reproch vpon our worthie profession.

For mine owne part (my reuerend brethren) I had ra∣ther vndergo (I assure you) ten hundred thousand tortures of death, then but once more to vndertake the enriching of mine owne selfe by the sale of that, which not onely doth no manner of good, and which is many waies so pernici∣ous to the bodies of men, so profluuious to poore mens

purses, and so pestiferous to the publike good of my natiue countrey. For surely (knowing so much as now by the swéete mercies of my God I do sincerely know, and féeling what comfort by the worke of his spirit I presently féele) if I should still continue that my former most couetous, nay rather most cutthroate-like course, all the whole world might iustly conclude, that (if time would serue to vent them forth by open sale) I would desperately g aduenture (with the Babilonish Merchants) to trafficke also from Rome, euen Agnus Deies, crucifixes, popish pardons, with other like paultrey pelfe, by the fearefull Tale of any poore countrymens soules. Yea and (which more is by much) that I would (with the most vicious Venetian Panders) ve∣ry desirously packe ouer whole ships-full of sorrie Venetian Courteghianes, and most shamefully lease them forth in fée∣farme for a filthie lucre.

Alas (my deare brethren) alas, what a proportionable e∣quitie is that (thinke you) which chaffereth but chaffe vn∣to men for their precious wheate; which giueth them goose∣quils for their glittring gold; and which onely affordeth them a foule thinking fume, for their seuenfold refined sil∣uer? Is not this to accomplish that ancient hyperbolicall prouerbe, which so accustomably accompleth each vile con∣temptible trafficke, no better in effect, then h the very shadow of smoke? that is, but a vanishing shew, without any substance at all. Is not this, to make men beléeue that we prouided them very daintie fine cates, howsoeuer most dearely bought; when yet (as is vsually spoken) we set one∣ly before them, i an holy sacrifice (forsooth) without any swéete smoke? that is, a poore beggerly banquet, without ei∣ther béefe or browesse at all. Would we our own selues (my reuerend masters) be willingly feasted so at other mens ta∣bles. Could we (at any hand) endure to pay so excessiuely deare for our suppers before hand, and (when all cometh to all) be then so conie catchingly fobbed forth with such a vaine shew of fantasticall fooleries: Can we be contented

(I pray you) that any one liuing person (vpon any such our former most chargeable payments) should promise vs the gainefull purchase of golden mountaines, and then (for our substantiall siluer) procure onely vnto vs but k the deceipt∣full sale of a most filthie vanishing fume? that is, should make vs many great & glorious promises, which notwith∣standing are finally destitute of their wished effects. Might we not (my worshipfull brethren) for these our insatiable l and dog-like inordinate desires of gréedie gaine, be iustly termed (not the worshipfull Merchant venturers) but ra∣ther those worrie-shéep mucke-scrape Vespasian vipers, who (for filling their extraordinary gaping after gréedie gaine) do make an ordinarie sale (being spoken with reuerence) of their most filthie stinking stale? Yea and (which more vile is) when at any time their godly minded Matrons, or their sanctified sonnes (with great anguish of heart, and griefe of mind) do but once séeme to distaste or dislike of such kind of sale, euen then (most contemptuously)to proffer the most poysonsome stinke of that stinking gaine to their sanctified noses, bidding them boldly to smell thereof, and then tell him withall, whether that same siluer (so gathe∣red together) doth not yéeld as redolent a sauour as any of the swéetest gold couched vp long since intheir Cabbinets made of spruce. By this meanes making good vpon their owne paultrie pates the pestiferous Vespasian prouerbe; which telleth them plainly, that m the sauour of insatiable gaine (from what filthie matter soeuer the same ariseth) doth afford as fragrant a smell to those their insatiable and hunger-sterued nostrils, as any the finest ciuet or muske. Thereby also canonizing that heathenish Poet for a Prea∣cher of truth; who n telleth them plainly thus:

From whence it comes we neuer care: So it may fall vnto our share.

Perhaps your good worhips would willingly know the maine reason it selfe, why those filthie mucke merchants should become such hungersterued Heluoes, concerning

o the holy hunger of gold, such gréedie gormandizers of fil∣thie gaine, yea and such insatiable Philargyrians, in ga∣thering treasures togither: the reason hereof (saith Zeno∣dor) is onely this, namely, because p the néedie beggars satchell can neuer be satisfied.

Now then, if we also our selues (my worshipfull ma∣sters) should (in these our sea-faring courses) declare our selues to be such: were we not very well worthie (euen for this onely respect) to be no lesse odiously estéemed of, and therein also as deseruedly (in all points) to be dealt with∣all, as was that notable conie chatcher Thurinus, in the daies of Alexander Seuerus? Who (being sharpely accused, and presently produced before the said Alexander, for that he (remaining otherwise in no fauour at all with his Ma∣iestie) did notwithstanding, continually beare the sillie poore subiects in hand that he was all in all, and in excellent accompt with his Highnesse. By this base and paltrie pra∣ctise (vnder an onely pretence of speaking for them to his Maiestie) he did very péeuishly pilfer much mony from out of the poore mens purses. Howbeit (so soone as that his said knauerie brake forth to the open view of the world, and the same accordingly made knowne to the King) he was forth∣with adiudged to be surely made fast to a stake, and (ha∣uing great store of gréene wood then kindled about him) to be so smothered to death by the violent smoke of that fire: The Executioner also then crying out to the by-standers and saying thus; He q is worthily adiudged to perish with smoke, who hath so deceiptfully sold forth his smoke vnto others. And herein moreouer that conie catching companion did perso∣nally accomplish the old ancient Prouerbe which speaketh thus: r By flying from smoke, I fell forthwith into the flame it selfe.

These the precedent matters being now more naturally, and more exactly considered, with their seuerall circum∣stances concurring also therewith, let vs in Gods name (my worshipfull fathers and fellowes) at no time here∣after

after giue any further offence this way: but very conscio∣nably and carefully (from henceforth) carrie our selues to∣wards all sorts of people, s whether they be Iewes, Gen∣tiles, or the Churches of Christ. Let vs héedfully t abstaine from all appearance of euill. So shall the Lord God u abun∣dantly blesse vs: so shall the Kings Maiestie x most power∣fully protect vs; so shall our deare countriemen y pray heartily for vs; so shall not the land at any time hereafter z vomit vs forth for filthie Amorites; yea so shall we be sure to haue a peace in our conscience with God and men. Lo (Sir) this I assure you (if the Lord God say amen to my purpose intended) shall be the whole and the onely course that I will take with these kind of men.

Hydr.

Surely Capnistus, I do freely approue of this thy purposed course: yea and I doubt not at all, but that so many of them also as haue but one halfe dramme of Gods holy feare in their secret hearts, as haue but one scruple of true honestie in their open foreheads, yea as haue but one onely graine of common humanitie in their ordinarie courses, will euery of them very conscionably, & most carefully accompt of the same. As for those insatiable companions, of whom thou didst speake euen now, there is no hope at all to pre∣uaile with any of them. For b can the blacke More change his skin? or is it possible the Leopard should after his spots? Then also may those men learne to do good, who haue bene accu∣stomed so long to do euill. Otherwise, howsoeuer c they may be wise enough to do euill, yet to do well they haue no wis∣dome within them at all. But now shew me what course thou wilt take with the rest.

Capn.

The course I intend to take with them, shall be this. Having first made throughly knowne to euery of thē, this your present discourse, I will then wish them withall, for very shame to remember themselues in time, to giue o∣uer all those their former carousing courses with spéede; to forbeare now any longer to make such beastly swine of themselues, by swillings in so superfluously the manifold

blessings of God; to abandon all their former vnnaturall dealings towards their owne wiues & children, towards their true hearted Tenants, towards their honest poore neighbours, and naturall countrie. To take héede moreo∣uer, lest (in pursuing such a superfluous supply to their in∣satiable gulling throats) they do not procure d a cleannesse of teeth throughout the whole kingdome; lest (in going a∣bout such an vnorderly augmentation of tillage) they e do not cause the whole earth to deceiue the dressers therof; lest (by this their inordinate swallowing downe of their filthy Tobacco fumes) they do f make their swéetest drinkes to be mingled with Myrrhe, and to haue a most bitter fare-well to all the drinkes thereof; lest (by procuring such a néed∣lesse hauocke of wine, ale, and béere) they themselues g be constrained to drinke their owne water for monie; lest (in∣stead of h the harpe, the violl, the timbrell, the pipe, and the wine at their extraordinarie wanton feasts) they be driuen i to eate their owne bread with a trembling feare, and to drinke their water with trouble and carefulnesse; lest (for their former most filthie abuse of the manifold blessings of God) the Lord himselfe k do shoote forth the arrowes of fa∣mine among them, and breake the staffe of their bread in péeces; lest (for this their abundance of victuals now) they l be compelled to take wheate, barley, beanes, lentils, mil∣let, fitches, with whatsoeuer else they can get in one vessel together, to make them their bread thereof, according to the number of daies wherein they must be faine to sléepe on their sides; yea and to bake their said bread in the dung of men, to eate it by weight, and to drinke their water by measure. Briefly, lest they be enforced to heare a most hor∣rible crie before, and behinde them, saying thus: m Awake you drunkards, wéepe and houle you quaffers of wine, be∣cause of the new wine, for it shall finally be plucked away from your throats.

Whereas (on the other side) if they once soundly forsake their former most filthie waies, and be heartily conuerted

to God, he will then so excéedingly n blesse their basket and store, as they shall not néede thus disorderly to run vpon any such desperate and dangerous attempts for the aug∣mentation of tillage. Because, whensoeuer they do consci∣onably sow that selfe same portion of tillage which they haue (at this present) in their owne proper vse, the Lord God of hoasts will euen then giue such a bountiful blessing vnto it, as they shall be sure o to find in one yeare an hun∣dred fold more by due estimation. For the Lord he will p giue them the early, and the latter raine, and q render them the yeares that the grashopper had eaten before. Yea their r very barnes shall be filled with wheate, and their winepresses abound with wine and with oile. And herein no maruell at all, because the Lord (in the day of this their holy conuersion) will heare s yea the Lord God of hosts will heare the heauens; and the heauens they will heare the earth; and the earth, it will heare the corne, wine and oile; and the corne, wine, and oile will heare the people; and the people shall t sée the vallies stand so thicke with corne, that they shall laugh and sing, and say one to another, Behold how u the earth doth yéeld her increase; and God, euen our owne God hath giuen vs his blessing. Lo (Sir) this is all the whole course I will take with that sort of men.

Hydr.

This course (I confesse) is very conuenient, were they men capable of it. But alas (Capnistus) the wisedome of the word is a matter ouer loftie for such fantasticall fooles as do so insatiably affect their owne inordinate lusts: they may (by no possible meanes) attaine to the height thereof. Not because the words of wisedome are idlely bestowed a∣mong any the sonnes of mortall men, (for x the feare of the Lord is the very beginning of wisdome) but for that all such vnregenerate fooles do most disdainfully despite true wis∣dome it selfe, and all holy instruction. Neither yet hath the authenticall sound of such sacred knowledge bene hitherto held backe from any of them. For behold y Wisdome her selfe hath cried without, she hath vttered her voyce in the open

streets, she hath called to them all in the publike assemblies, yea euen in the very preasse of the people themselues, as also in the middest of the Citie hath shee solemnely vttered her words, saying thus: Oh you foolish, how long will you affect your owne foolishnesse, and you scornfull take such plea∣sure in scorning? Oh turne you at my correction, for loe, I will now euen powre out my mind vnto you at large, and make you vnderstand my words to the full. What (I pray thee) might Wisdome do z more to the sonnes of men, then shee hath hitherto done vnto euery of them? But what? be∣hold a how obstinately they do despise all her counsels, and most scornfully set her corrections at nought. Lo then, here is the onely cause of their foolishnesse.

Capn.

And why should not all these be as capable of heauenly wisedome, as those other we spake of a little afore?

Hydr.

Because they will b not obey nor incline their eare vnto wisdome, but run headlong after the counsels and stub∣burnnesse of their owne wicked hearts, c walking moreouer according to the course of this sinfull world, and after the Prince that ruleth in the aire, that wicked spirit (I meane) which euen now worketh effectually in all those children of disobedience: who d hauing their owne cogitations euen vt∣terly darkened, and being meere strangers from the gracious life of God (by reason of that in-bred ignorance which is na∣turally ingraffed in euery of them) and being become with∣out feeling, haue given themselues ouer to worke all man∣ner of vncleannesse, euen with an insatiable kind of greedi∣nesse. And therefore, as they haue no regard at all e to know God, so surely, the Lord (iniustice) deliuers them vp vnto reprobate minds, to do such things as are not conuenient: sending them withall f very strong delusions to make them beleeue all manner of lies, because they received not the truth: that thereupon, they all might iustly be damned which beleeue not the truth, but take an exceeding great pleasure in those their vnrighteous courses. Which their iust recom∣pence

also euen then shall iustly fall vpon euery of them. g when the Lord Iesus shall shew himselfe from heauen with his mightie Angels in flaming fire, rendring due vengeance to so many of them as know not God, and which obey not the Gospell: who shall be then punished with euerlasting perdition from the presence of the Lord, and from the glory of his maiesticall power. When notwithstanding he shall be eternally glorified in all his Saints, and be made maruellous in euery of them that beleeue: because our testimonie to∣wards them, was so soundly beleeued in the day of their ho∣ped saluation.

Capn.

Well Sir, whatsoeuer be the successe, I will earnestly endeauour to speake plainly unto euery of them, and (it may be) that many of them will willingly heare me.

Hydr.

It may be they will not: and more likey it is so, by a thousand fold.

Capn.

Oh, I beséech you Sir, neuer say so, but hope the best: h for charitie (you know) must not be suspitious.

Hydr.

I know it very well Capnistus, and this I dare tell thee withall, that charitie (in like manner) it must not be foo∣lish in grounding so firme a perswasion of hope i vpon so hopelesse a ground as standeth onely on may bees.

Hydr.

Why Sir, the word was purposely giuen, you know, for k the hoped, and happie conuersion of sinfull soules.

Hydr.

Very true (as thou sayest,) although yet for the onely conuersion of those poore sinfull soules, whose effectu∣all calling to grace was purposely and eternally l decreed of God, by the ordinarie meanes of that selfe same word. For they being m before all beginnings the elected of God in Ie∣sus Christ, were sure (in their appointed time) to haue their effectuall calling to the true knowledge of God, by the po∣werfull ⁿ preaching of his holy Gospell. And therefore, euen as all they which are eternally elected, are sure (in time) to be effectually called: so surely all such as haue finally no calling

at all, or but onely a temporarie calling to grace, they cannot certainly conclude to themselues, any one certaine or groun∣ded hope of their eternall election in Christ. Seeing there∣fore the true sauing faith is primarily o begot in the hearts of the heaters by the word of God preached, and must seconda∣rily p grow vp and increase by that selfe same meanes it was first begottē, how is it possible (thinkest thou) that those men should euer be effectually called by the ordinarie preaching of Gods holy word q who cannot possibly be brought to the ordinary hearing therof? sith men must necessarilyr giue their willing consent to y^e word, before they can be drawne to the obediēce therof. Or when at any time (for fashions sake) they come to the ordinarie preaching of that selfe same word, if they then heare it onely s as a minstrels song, with their mouthes make mockes at those preachers which bring it, their prophane hearts still pursuing their former inordinate affections: what other thing else will befall them (thinkest thou) but that which the Prophet proclaimeth saying, t Be∣hold you despisers, and wonder, & vanish away, for I worke a worke in your daies, a worke, which you will not beleeue, though a man should declare it vnto you?

Capn.

Whether they heare, or not heare, fleare and floute, jeare or jibe, make moes with their mouthes or not, if God giue me power, I will neuer forbeare them.

Hydr.

Oh say not so Capnistus, for Christ telleth thee u it is not alwaies good to tumble the childrens bread vnto whelpes: forbidding thee moreouer x to cast those thy pre∣cious pearles before beastly swine, and to hurle thy holy things vnto filthie dogs; because the swine they will treade those pearles in the mire, and y the dogs, they will turne a∣gaine and teare thee in peeces. And howsoeuer those scor∣ners may shew themselues holy a time, yet be thou assured of this, that the dogs (first or last) will z returne to their vomire afresh, and the swine which seemed before to be washed cleane, to their wallowing againe in the mire. And therefore, if (at any time) they shew themselues such, or if they will

a needs become filthie, let them be filthie still: assuring them∣selues that all the while they be such they shall neuer haue b entrance through the gates into the celestiall Citie, but be shut out among dogs, enchanters, whoremongers, murde∣rers, idolaters, and such as take a delight in their lying. Al∣though yet I doubt not at all, but that the ordinarie prea∣ching of the glorious Gospell, shall c accomplish that thing whereunto it was purposely sent of God: namely, it shall ei∣ther be a blessing or a d burden; a word of e conuersion, or a word of confusion; a f sauour of life vnto life, or a sauour of death vnto death: yea and in either of both, the same shall be a sweete sauour to God.

Capn.

Why then (God willing) I will not ceasse cry∣ing vnto them, that (whether they heare or not) they may yet know g there hath bene a Prophet among them.

Hydr.

Surely Capnistus, as thy resolution herein in excee∣ding honest, thy purpose godly, and thy intended course cor∣respondent to both: so I doubt not at all but that (if thy practicall proceeding be sutable in euery respect) exceeding much good may be wrought by the same. More especially, if thou (for thine owne part) doest Christianly consider, that such as are but lately wained from the milke, and newly drawne from the brest, must haue h precept vpon precept, precept vpon precept; line vnto line, line vnto line; there a little, and there a little: yea and must also be spoken vnto with a stuttring tongue, and a stammering language. And then next, if they also (for their parts) laying apart g all filthinesse, and superfluitie of maliciousnesse, do reuerently, cheareful∣ly, and in the spirit of meekenesse receiue the word at thy mouth: acknowledging withall, that those thy h friendly strokes are beneficiall for them, and that thy pretious balmes will not breake their heads. For the timely accomplishment whereof, both thy selfe, and euery of them shall be sure (from time to time) to haue the hourely assistance i of my heartiest praiers to almightie God k in the name and mediation of Ie∣sus Christ. In the meane time, the houre appointed for mine

ordinarie studies, beginneth now to approch, and very loth I am to let slip the same, vnlesse vpon very important and vr∣gent occasions.

Capn.

And in very déed (Sir) the time also, and the tide it selfe for my former purposed voyage, doth draw ve∣ry neare: so as I my selfe (for the present) must euen ne∣cessarily make hast to the l hauen, either to vnlade, or forth∣with to dispose of some other designement concerning that ve••sell of mine, which alreadie is full fraught for some for∣reine aduenture; and therefore must euen now craue leaue for my present departure.

Hydr.

With all my heart: beseeching the eternall God m to giue thee fauour with forreine nations, and to make thy iourney exceeding prosperous to thee.

Capn.

I n thanke my God in Iesus Christ, for this your godly care for the good so my soule: and I humbly beséech the Father of mercies to assist you from time to time, with his holy Spirit of wisedome, for the publike good of our Church and countrey. And euen so I most heartily take my leaue for the present.

〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉. Psal. 119.168.

[illustration]

If in this my present Discourse, I do haply faile of any such delectable speech or eloquence as might giue good con∣tentment to the Ciceronian and delicate eares, I pray you pardon mine imperfections that way. For how should I pos∣sibly deliuer any daintie discourse of so noysome, so stin∣king and so offensiue a Subiect, as is the poysonsome sauour of filthie Tobacco fumes? In the meane time, season your tastes, I beseech you, with this succeeding Sonet.

Notes

• l

  2 Pet. 1.19.
• m

  Eccles. 107
• n

  Hag. 1.6.
• o

  Pro. 22.1. Eccles. 7.2.
• p

  〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉.
• q

  Nocet emp••a∣dolore, volup∣tas.
• r

  Gen. 6.5. Iam. 4.5.
• s

  Deut. 23.15.
• t

  Psal. 78.18. and 106.14. 1 Cor. 10.6.
• u

  Iam. 4.3.
• x

  Psal. 78.29.
• y

  Psal. 78.30.
• z

  Rom. 1.24.
• a

  Wisd. 11.••3.
• b

  Psal. 128.2.
• c

  Psal. 128.1.
• d

  Mat. 3.9.
• e

  Pro. 10.22.
• f

  Iob. 20.15.
• g

  Ecclus. 19.1.
• h

  Psal. 128.1.2
• i

  Deut. 28.3.4.5.
• k

  Psal. 128.1.2.
• l

  Deut. 28.16.17.18. Malac. 3.9.
• m

  Pro. 23.21. Hag. 1.5.6.
• n

  Pro. 3.33. 1 King 17.14.16.
• o

  Hag. 1.5.
• p

  Deut. 28.38. Mich. 6.15. Hag. 1.6.9.
• q

  Ioel. 1.4.
• r

  Iob. 27.3. Psal. 146.4. Isa. 2.22.
• s

  Psal. 94.1.
• t

  Deut. 32.21.
• u

  Deut. 28.28.
• x

  Deut. 28.29.
• y

  Gen. 15.16.
• z

  Diogenes.
• a

  1 Sam. 25.22 1 King. 21.21.
• The same or the like com∣plaint may al∣so be taken vp against adul∣••erous hus∣bands.
• b

  Mal. 2.14.15.
• c

  Gen. 30.3.
• d

  Mal. 2.15.
• e

  Gen. 30.11.
• f

  Psal. 127.5.
• g

  Psal. 127.5.
• h

  Exod. 4.25.
• i

  1 Tim. 5.8.
• k

  Luke. 10.41.
• l

  1 Tim. 5.8.
• m

  Mich. 2.1.
• n

  Mich. 2.4.
• o

  Mich. 2.4.5.
• p

  Iob. 5.3.4.5.
• q

  Iob. 5.6.
• r

  Pro. 1.32.
• s

  Pro. 1.31.
• t

  Pro. 6.11.
• u

  Isay. 3.15.
• x

  Isay. 3.15.
• y

  Am. 8.4.
• z

  Am. 8.4.
• a

  Am. 5.12.
• b

  Am. 8.4.
• c

  Hab. 2.8.
• d

  Am. 8.8.
• e

  Isa. 59.5.
• f

  Isa. 59.4.
• g

  Isa. 5.18.
• h

  Luk. 16.13••
• i

  In nomine Domini incipit omne malum.
• k

  Ierem. 4.22.
• l

  Exod. 10.13.14.
• m

  Crobyll ••ugum.
• n

  Psal. 127.2.
• o

  Pro. 6.6.7.8. and 30.25.
• p

  Iudg. 14.14. Ecclus. 11.3.
• q

  Isa. 7.18.
• r

  Psal. 118.12.
• s

  Deut. 1.44.
• t

  Psal. 109.10.
• u

  Math. 23.4. Luke 10.46. Act. 15.10.
• x

  Rom. 16.27.
• y

  Deut. 34.9.
• z

  Rom. 13.4.
• a

  1 King. 1.34, 39.
• b

  Ioh. 8.44.
• c

  Gen. 49.3.
• d

  Ann. 4. Hen∣ry 7.29. Ann. 7 Henry 8. i. ann. Dom. 1515. An. 20. Henry 8.22. An. 27. Henry 8.22. Ann. 5. Eliza∣beth, 2. Ann. Dom. 1569. Ann. 27. Eli∣zabeth, 1.10. Ann. 31 Eli∣zabeth, 5. Ann. Iaco. 1.1.
• e

  Isa. 3.15.
• f

  Math. 26.52.
• g

  Rom. 13.4. Reuel. 13.10.
• h

  See Pultons Abridgment of penall sta∣tutes: against riots, routs, & vnlawfull as∣semblies.
• i

  See the sta∣tute, primo Mar. 12. And the sta∣tute primo E∣lizabethae, 17.
• k

  See the sta∣tute primo Mar. 12. And the statute primo Eliza∣bethae 17.
• l

  See the sta∣tute, primo Mar. 12. And the sta∣tute primo E∣lizabethae, 17.
• m

  See Pulton in the title of Riots &c. sect. 5.
• n

  The forme of the Proclama∣tion. See Pul∣ton.
• o

  〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉. Psal. 17.9.
• p

  Ionah. 4.11.
• q

  Pro. 17.15. and 24.24. Isa. 5.20.23.
• r

  Wisd. 6.3. Rom. 13.2.3. Tit. 3.1. 2 Pet. 2.13.
• f

  Ier. 44.17.
• t

  Videre licet, gustare non licet.
• u

  Pro. 14.28.
• x

  1 Cor. 3 6.7.
• y

  2. Cor. 11.19.
• z

  2 King. 9.20.
• a

  P••il. 9.19.
• b

  Isa. 5.8.
• c

  Isa. 33.1. Mich. 2.1.2.3.4.
• d

  1 Kin. 21.21.
• e

  Isa. 3.15.
• f

  Gen. 13.2.5.6. and 24.35. and 26.14. and 29.6. and 30.31.32 1 Sam. 17.15. Psal. 78.70.71.
• g

  Gen. 24..35. Ps. 144▪13.14.
• h

  Policrat. de nugis Curiali∣um. lib. 6. cap. 24.
• i

  1 Cor. 9.7.
• k

  Act. 19.14.15.
• l

  Isa. 56.10.11
• m

  Math. 15.18.19.
• n

  Isa. 56.11.
• o

  Act. 19 29.
• p

  Act. 19.28.
• q

  Gen. 34.13.
• r

  Mat. 11.19.
• Hos. 4.9.
• t

  Hos. 4.8.9.
• u

  Gen. 24.50.
• x

  Gen. 3.23.
• y

  Deut. 28.13. Psal. 45.7. Ecclus. 38.25. &c.
• z

  Math. 6.29.
• a

  Psal. 45.9.13.14.
• b

  Math. 11.8.
• c

  Ioh. 19.23.
• d

  Phil. 2.11.12. 1 Tim. 6.8.9.
• e

  Iam. 4.3.
• f

  2 King. 5.3.
• g

  See Pultons Abridgment in the statute of corne ••••d graine See the statute of 1. & 2. Phil. & Mar. Also the statute of 5. Elizab. 5.27.
• h

  See Pultons Abridgment ibid. 3.4. Item ibidem, in the title of corne and graine. 3.4.
• i

  See Pulton, in the statute against fore∣stallers, &c. See the statute of 5. Edw. 6.14. See 5. Eliz. 5. Item: 27. Eliz. 11.
• k

  See Pultons Abridgment in the title of Farmers. 2. Item, ibid. in the title of corne, 10.
• l

  See the Ca∣nons against resorting to Alehouses.
• m

  See Pulton in the title of labourers, sect. 2.3.13. Also in the ti∣tle of poore peo∣ple. sect 22.
• n

  See Pulton in the title of vagabonds, 1.2. &c.
• o

  Ibedem 11.
• p

  Ibidem 10.
• q

  See Pulton, in the title, Alehouses. sect. 2.
• r

  Ibidem sect. 1.
• s

  Act. 9.18.
• t

  The He∣brewes haue 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, as in Gen. 14.14. Ios. 22.16.29. Ezech. 2.3. Dan. 9.5.
• u

  Cognationē habet cum 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 & cum. 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉
• x

  2 Sam. 2.26.
• y

  The Greci∣ans haue 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉
• z

  The French haue rebeller, se reuanger.
• a

  The Italians haue rebellare, resorgere.
• b

  The Latines haue repugna∣re.
• c

  Hebrew, 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 Grec. 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 Gal. Guerroy∣eur, homme de guerre. Ital. Combat∣titore, guerri∣eur. Lat. Bellator.
• d

  Hebr. 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 Grec. 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 Gal. Caeluy qui rebelle. Ital. Rubello. Hisp. E••que rebela. Lat. Rebella∣tor.
• Hebr. 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 Grec. 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 Gal. Caeluy qui rebelle. Ital. Rubello. Hisp. E••que rebela. Lat. Rebella∣tor.
• e

  Iudg. 9.14.15.
• f

  Cicero. Bella∣re cum Dij, id est, naturae re∣pugnare? Nā vbi maioritas, ibi mandan•••• authoritas, vbi minoritas, ibi obediendi ne∣cessitas.
• g

  Psal. 85.10.
• h

  Rom 13.1.2.3.4.5.
• i

  〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉. Rom. 13.2.
• k

  Act. 7.51.
• l

  Rom. 6.13.
• m

  2 Sam. 15.4.5.
• n

  2 Sam. 16.6.
• o

  Gen. 4.10.
• p

  Gen. 9.6.
• q

  Gen. 9.5.
• r

  Gen. 9.6. Matth. 26.52. Reuel. 13.10.
• s

  Gen. 1.27. and 9.6. Eph. 4.24.
• t

  Gen. 1.26.28
• u

  Psal. 8.6.7.8
• x

  Gen. 3.16. &c. 1.22. 1 Cor. 14.34.
• y

  Gen. 4.7.
• z

  1 Cor. 14.33▪
• a

  1 Cor. 14.••0.
• b

  Gen. 8.2.13.
• c

  Gen. 9.1.
• d

  Gen. 1.28.
• e

  Gen. 9.2.
• f

  Gen. 10.8.9.
• g

  Gen. 9.5.
• h

  Gen. 9.6.
• i

  Ioh. Caluine in Gen. 9.6.
• k

  Rom. 13.4.
• l

  1 Sam. 3.18.
• m

  Gen. 9.6.
• n

  Gen. 9.6.
• o

  Gen. 9 6.
• p

  Iohan. Cal∣••inus, in Gen. 9.6.
• q

  Gen. 1.26.
• r

  Tremelius in Gen. 9.6. Petrus Mar∣tyrus in Gen. 9.6.
• s

  〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉
• t

  Gen. 2.7. 1 Cor. 15.45.
• u

  Gen. 1.26. Eph. 4.24 Col. 3.10.
• x

  Gen 1.26. and 9 2. Psal. 8.5.6.7.
• y

  Gen. 3.16. and 4.7. Wisd. 4.7. and 9 6. 1 Cor. 11.7.
• z

  1 Cor. 11.7 See Caluin. ••hera.
• a

  2 Pet. 1.19.
• b

  Gen. 2.7. 1 Cor. 15.45.
• c

  Gen. 1.26. and 5.1. Ephes. 4.24. Col. 3.10.
• d

  〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉
• e

  Gen. 1.1.
• f

  Gen. 1.1. and 5.1.
• g

  Gen. 1.11. and 2.18.
• h

  Psal. 51.12.
• i

  Psal. 135.6.
• k

  Rom. 4.17.
• l

  〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉
• m

  Iere. 6.29.
• n

  Psal. 26.2. and 66.10. Isa. 48.10.
• o

  Isa. 43.7.
• p

  1 Cor. 15.22.
• q

  〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉
• r

  Gen. 4 9. and 5.1. Isa. 41.4.
• s

  Gen. 1.11.
• t

  Gen. 14.5. Ezech. 28.4.
• u

  Gen. 18.7.
• x

  Psal. 115.3.
• y

  Exod. 10.25. Leuit. 16.9.
• z

  Deut. 32.6. 1 Sam. 12.6.
• a

  Gen. 9.6.
• b

  Gen. 9.5.
• c

  Gen. 9.6. Rom. 13.4.
• d

  Ioh. 14.16.17.
• e

  Rom 16.27.
• f

  Isa. 43.7. 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉
• g

  See Tremeli∣us in Isa 43.7.
• h

  Pro. 16.4.
• i

  Eph. 1.5.
• k

  Rom. 8.30.
• l

  1 Sam. 12.6.
• m

  Deut. 32.6.15. 1 Sam. 12.6.
• n

  See R. D. Kimbi, in 1. Sam. 12.6. See Tremelius in Deut. 32.6.15. and 1. Sam. 12.6. Isa. 43.7. Isa. 46.4.
• o

  Deut. 30.6.15. 1 Sam. 12.6. Isa. 43.7. and 46.4.
• p

  Gen. 9.6.
• q

  Esdr. 4.41.
• r

  Math. 26.51. Reuel. 13.10.
• s

  See Caluine in Mat. 26.10.
• t

  〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 accipientes.
• u

  See Theod. Beza in Mat. 26.52.
• x

  〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉.
• y

  Exod. 20.7. Deut. 5.11. Psal. 50.16.
• z

  Gen. 9.6.
• a

  Psal. 55.21.
• b

  Psal. 52.2.
• c

  Psal. 55.20.
• d

  Psal. 52.3.
• e

  Psal. 140.3. Rom. 3.13.
• f

  Psal. 140.3.
• g

  Rom. 3.13.
• h

  Psal. 64.3.
• i

  Ier. 18.18.
• k

  Psal. 140.1.2.
• l

  Psal. 120.2.
• m

  Psal. 52.2.
• n

  Psal. 21.12.
• o

  Psal. 120.3.
• p

  Iudg. 5.31.
• q

  Gen. 4.10.11
• r

  Math. 18.7.
• s

  Qui occasio∣nem damni dat: damnum dedisse vide∣tur.
• s

  Sir Henrie Fowkes Knight.
• t

  Psal. 51.14.
• u

  Gen. 4.14. Heb. 12.24.
• x

  Gen. 4.14. Pro. 17.11. Isa. 19.4. Ier. 50.41.42.
• y

  Marc. 8.36. Luke. 9.25.
• z

  Qui occasio∣nem damni dat, damnum dedisse vide∣tur.
• a

  Psal. 51.12.13.
• b

  Luc. 22.32. Ioh. 1.40.41.45. 1 Tim. 1.15.16
• c

  Pro. 11.30.
• d

  Iam. 5.20.
• e

  Ier. 18.18.
• f

  Ier. 20 8.
• g

  Ier. 20.10.
• h

  Psal. 41.9. Ier. 20.10.
• i

  1 Pet. 3.14.
• k

  Isa. 50.6.
• l

  2. King. 18.22
• m

  2 Sam. 16.11.12.
• n

  1 Sam. 25.28. 1 Cor. 10.4.
• o

  Luc. 14.31.
• p

  Luc. 14.32.
• q

  Act. 21.13.
• r

  Iam. 4.3.
• s

  Act. 21.14.
• u

  Psal. 107.23.24.25.26.27.28.29.30.31.
• x

  Hosh. 6.4.
• y

  Psal. 106.21
• z

  Mat. 16.28. Marc. 8.36. Luc. 9.25.
• a

  Mat. 18.7.
• b

  Psal. 62.2. Isa. 7.20.
• c

  1 Macab. 3.41.
• d

  Amos. 8.6 Reuel. 18.13.
• e

  1 Kin. 22 49. 2 Chron 20.37
• f

  2 Chro. 2.8. and 8.18.
• g

  Reuel. 18.13.
• h

  Sopho••les in Antigone. 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 Fumi vmbra.
• i

  Lucianus. 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 Sacrum sine fumo.
• k

  Martialis, Vend••e fumos.
• l

  Psal. 59.14.15. Isa. 56.11.
• m

  Vespasianus, Lucribonus est odor ex re qualibet.
• n

  Ennius, Vn∣de habeat cu∣rat nemo, sed oportet habere.
• o

  Auri sacra fames.
• p

  Zenodorus, 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉. Mendicanti∣um sacculi, semper inanes.
• q

  Martialis dignus vt fu∣mo pereat, qui fumos vendi∣dit
• r

  Lucianus 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 F••mum fugi∣ens, in flāmam incidi.
• s

  1 Cor. 10.32.
• t

  1 Thess. 5.2••
• u

  Psal. 128.1.2. &c.
• x

  Rom. 13.4.
• y

  1 Tim. 2.1.2.
• z

  Gen. 15.16.
• a

  Rom. 12 18. Heb. 12.14.
• b

  Ier. 13.23.
• c

  Iere. 4.22.
• d

  Amos. 4.6.
• e

  Isa. 24.5.
• f

  Isa. 24.9.
• g

  Lam. 5.4.
• h

  Isa. 5.12.
• i

  Ezech. 12.18
• k

  Ezech. 5.16.
• l

  Ezech. 4.9.10.11.12.
• m

  Ioel. 1.5.
• n

  Deut. 28.5••
• o

  Gen. 26.12.
• p

  Ioel. 2.23.
• q

  Ioel. 2.25.
• r

  Ioel. 3.24.
• s

  Hosh. 2.21.22.
• t

  Psal. 65.13.
• u

  Psal. 67.6.
• x

  Pro. 1.7.
• y

  Pro. 1.22.23. Ier. 7.23.
• z

  Isa. 5.4. Mich. 6.34.
• a

  Pr••. 1.27.
• b

  Ierem. 7.24.
• c

  Eph. 2.2.
• d

  Eph. 4.18.19
• e

  Rom. 1.28.
• f

  2 Thess. 2.10.11.12.
• g

  2 Thess. 1.7.8.9.10.
• h

  1 Cor. 13.7.
• i

  1 Cor. 10.12.
• k

  Act. 17.30.
• l

  Rom. 8.29.30 Eph. 1.9.13.
• m

  Eph. 1.4. 2 Tim. 1.9.
• o

  1 Pet. 1.20.
• p

  1 Pet. 2.1.2.
• q

  Psal. 58.45.
• r

  Isa. 1.19.
• s

  Ezech. 33.30.••1.32.
• t

  Habak. 1.5. Act. 13.41.
• u

  Mat. 15.26.
• x

  Math. 7.6.
• y

  Ier. 20.7.8. Math. 7.6.
• z

  Pro. 26.11. 2 Pet. 2.22.
• a

  Reuel. 22.11.
• b

  Reuel. 22.14.15.
• c

  Isa. 55.10.
• d

  Isa. 13.1.
• e

  Rom. 1.16.
• f

  2 Cor. 2.15.16.
• g

  Ezech. 2.5. and 33.33.
• h

  Isa. 28.9.10.11.
• g

  Iam. 1.20.21
• h

  Psal. 141.5.
• i

  Eph. 1.16.17.
• k

  Ioh. 15.7.16.
• l

  Psal. 107.30.
• m

  Est. 2.15. Iudith. 10.8.
• n

  Rom. 1.8.