Mikrokosmographia a description of the body of man. Together vvith the controuersies thereto belonging. Collected and translated out of all the best authors of anatomy, especially out of Gasper Bauhinus and Andreas Laurentius. By Helkiah Crooke Doctor of Physicke, physitian to His Maiestie, and his Highnesse professor in anatomy and chyrurgerie. Published by the Kings Maiesties especiall direction and warrant according to the first integrity, as it was originally written by the author.

Of the branches of the Hollow Veine, and the great Arterie, disseminated through the lower Belly. CHAP. VIII.

WEE should now proceede vnto the stomacke, sauing that wee thinke it not a∣misse before wee come vnto it, to giue you a short view of the diuarications of the hollow veine and the great artery, as they diuide and subdiuide them∣selues in the lower belly; that if you please in the same body, you may call for a sight of them before you trouble the carcasse too much, by remoouing the stomack and other entrals. And first of the branches of the Hollow veine.

The Hollow veine hath two trunkes, one passeth vpward through the midriffe, the o∣ther downward, which we will diuide into the trunke and the branches. From the trunk [table 8. ^K] most commonly there proceed on each side foure veines.

The first is called Adiposa, or the veine of the Fat of the Kidneyes: the left of these, [tab. 8 ^g] * 1.1 is for the most part higher then the right [table 8. ^f.] They runne vnto the Fat of the Kidneyes and their vtter membrane. Sometimes one of them ariseth from the Emulgent, as appeareth, [table 8 ^f] sometimes both.

The second is the Emulgent; the left of these [tab. 8. ^e] which sometimes ariseth three∣fould, * 1.2 is higher then the right [table 8. ^d] least one of them should hinder another in their suction; and longer also, because the seminarie or seede vessell springeth out of it [table 8. ⁱ.] Both of them when they attayne vnto the middest of the body of the Kidneyes are di∣uided and so implanted to carry vnto them the whey of the bloud, which because it should not returne againe into the hollow veine, Nature hath placed certaine values in the emul∣gents.

The third is called Spermatica or the seede veine; the right of these [table 8. ^h] is some∣times double, arising out of the middle of the trunke below the Emulgent: The left ariseth * 1.3 from the Emulgent [tab. 8, ⁱ] because otherwise it must haue rid ouer the Artery, yet not∣withstanding sometimes it receiueth a small branch from the Caua or hollow veine. They descend obliquely to the testicles, and determine in the Bodden body called Corpus varico∣sum, to which they carry the matter of the seede.

The fourth are called Lumbares or the veines of the Loynes. These are sometimes two, sometimes three of a side [tab. 8. ^mmmm] they passe between foure rack-bones of the loynes, * 1.4 and doe send two veines to the sides of the marrow of the back which arise vnto the Brain, and haply they bring from the braine a part of the matter of the seede.

Afterward at the fourth spondell of the loynes, the trunke of the hollow veine [table 8. ⁿ] is diuided into two branches which are called Rami Iliaci, out of which before their diui∣sion * 1.5 there proceede on either side two veines.

The first is called Muscula [table 8. ^{n p}, ^{n p}] one of which is higher then the other; some∣times * 1.6 it proceedeth not from the branches, but from the trunke, and passeth to the muscles of the loynes and of the abdomen or paunch, from whence it hath his name.

The second is called sacra, a small veine, sometimes single, sometimes double, and pas∣seth through the vppermost and formost holes of the os sacrum or holy-bone [table 8. ^{o o}] * 1.7 vnto his marrow, and hath his name from the bone.

[illustration]

The Branches of the Holllow veine and the Great Arterie, disseminated through the lower Belly.

[illustration]

TABVLA VIII.

• AAA The midriffe called septum transuersum.
• B G The Gibbous part of the liuer, the rightside at B. the left at G.
• C C The hollow part of the Liuer called Caua icco∣ris.
• D The bladder of gall.
• E E The foreside of both the Kidneyes.
• H The Ligament which tieth the liuer to the mid∣riffe.
• I The vmbilical or Nauel veine where it is inser∣ted into the Liuer.
• K The trunk of the hollow veine called vena caual
• L The trunke of the great arterie.
• N The gullet where it passeth through the mid∣riffe or the bosom of the Liuer called sinus hepatis
• a The trunke of the Gate veine.
• b The Cyslicke veines where they goe to the blad∣der of gall.
• c The passage of the bladder of gall which goeth to the gut called duodenum.
• d e The emulgent veines with the emulgent arte∣ries vnder them.
• f The right fatty veine called adiposa dextra, arising out of the emulgent.
• g The left fatty veine arising out of the trunke of the hollow veine.
• h i The spermatical veines, the right arising out of the hollow veine, the left out of the left emulgēt.
• l l The two vreters which carry the vrine vnto the bladder.
• mmmm I he veines and arteries of the Loynes cal∣led Lumbares.
• n p n p Below, the vpper muscle veine and arterie, called musculae superiores.
• n The diuision of the hollow veine aboue the holy bone.
• o o The holy veines and arteries called sacrae.
• p The Iliacal branch of the hollow veine.
• q The Iliacal arterie.
• r The diuision of the Iliacal artery, and the Iliacal veine vnder it, into the inward & the outward: the inward is marked with p the outward with s.

Jf The interior transuerse or crosse braunch. ssss The middle muscle veine. t t The veine and arterie of the yard, proceeding from the branch marked with p and ••. u u The Hypogastricke veine which sendeth branches from the inner bough to the bladder, the wombe, and almost al the parts in the watercourse. x x The place where the vmbilical arteries are inserted. y A portion of the external branch, wherewith the internal is augmented •• Character. The remainder of the inward branch 2, 2 The Epigastrick vein which is a propogation of the vrte: bough: it creepeth vpward by the lower parts of the Abdomen to the Nauel. 3 The lower mus∣cle veine, reaching to the Coxendix or Hips: a veine without an artery, which deriueth his branches to the muscle of the fundament, and to the skin about them. 4 The great arterie piercing the midriffe. 5 The artery of the midriffe called Arteria phrenica. 6 The Caeliacai artery. 7 9 An artery passing to the Liuer. 8 The Cysticke artery, or artery of the bladder o•• gal. 10 The vpper mesenteri∣acall artery. 11. The original of the spermatical arteries. 12 The lower mesentericall artery. 13 The coniunction of the sper∣•••• atick veine and artery. 14 The diuision of the great artery into the Iliacal branches, and how it ascendeth aboue the hollow vein 15 The artery of the pri••ities called arteria puderd••, which is a shoot of the inmost braunch, going to the parts of generation. 16. 17 The remaynder of both the trunks marked with ^• and ^•, running to the thighes.

Then the Iliacall branch is on both sides bifurcated or forked [table 8. vnder ^r] into an * 1.8 exterior or vtter [table 8. vnder ^q] and an interior or inner. From these proceede three veines.

The first is called Epigastrica [table 8. vnder character, ••] which is disseminated into the * 1.9 Peritonaeum and the muscles of the abdomen. The chiefe branch of this veine ariseth vnder the right muscles of the Abdomen, euen vnto the vein called māmaria, and with it about the Nauell is ioyned by Anastomosis or inocculation.

The second is called Hypogastrica, a notable veine [table 8, ^uu] and sometimes double. It is disseminated almost into all parts of the Hypogastrium or watercourse, the bladder the * 1.10 yarde, and the wombe; and at the right gut maketh the external Haemorroidall veines.

The third is called Pudenda [table 8. character ^{15 15}] which is consumed into the scrotum * 1.11 and the flesh of the yarde or virile member.

These veines being thus deriued out of the Iliacall braunches of the hollow veine, they passe on either side out of the lower belly [table 8, ^{• t}] & are called Crurales, or the veines of the thighes, of which we shall speeake hereafter. And thus much of the Branches of the * 1.12 Hollow veine, now followeth the great Artery.

The Great Artery also hath two Trunkes, the lesser goeth vpward, the greater [Tab. 8. character 4] * 1.13 descendeth, because it hath more parts to be communicated vnto. This trunk accompanieth the Hollow Veine (for the Veines and Arteries are sorted together quite through the body) and sendeth forth branches almost like vnto it, of which wee will now entreate.

The first is called Coeliaca [Tab. 8. char. 6.] a notable Artery of which wee haue spoken * 1.14 before in the fourth Chapter.

The second is called Mesenterica superior [Table 8. character 10] before chapt. 4. de∣scribed. * 1.15

The third is called Emulgens [Tab. 8 ^{d e}] which together with the Emulgent Veines en∣ter * 1.16 into the Kidneyes.

The fourth is called Spermatica, the right and the left [Tab. 8. char. 11] both of them a∣rise * 1.17 from the trunke of the great Artery, and together with the Spermaticall veines attaine vnto the Testicles, passing through the productions of the Peritonaeum or rim of the belly.

The fift is called Mesenterica inferiour [Tab. 8. char. 12] described in the 4. chapter.

The sixt are called Lumbares. [Tab. 8. at the vpper ^mmmm] They passe through the holes * 1.18 of the Spondels of the Loynes, not onely into the Peritonaeum and the Muscles confining, but do also send two Arteries to the marrow of the backe, which together with the veynes aboue named, do ascend vnto the braine.

The seauenth is called Iliaca, which before the Artery is diuided, rideth ouer the hollow veine [Tab. 8. char. 14] least if it should haue couched vpon the bone, it might haue beene * 1.19 hurt in his perpetuall motion.

Afterward, as the Hollow veine, so this great Artery is diuided into two trunkes, called Rami Iliaci, each of which parteth into an exteriour or outward, and an interiour or in∣ward * 1.20 branch; [Tab. 8. at ^{r q}] the outward is the larger, & runneth into the thigh. From these before they come vnto the thigh proceede six branches.

The first is called sacra, arising vnder the bifurcation or forking, [Tab 8 ^oo] and passeth to the Os sacrum or Holy bone and his Marrowe, as the Veines did called before Sacrae. * 1.21 These are but small Arteries.

The second is called Muscula, [Tab: 8 ^ss] a branch of the vtter bough running vnto the * 1.22 neighbouring Muscles.

The third is called Hypogastrica, [Tab, 8 ^{u u}] braunches of the inner bough passing vnto * 1.23 the bladder, the yard, the wombe and the Muscles which couer the share bone.

The fourth are called Arteriae vmbilicalis, of which we haue spoke abundantly before.

* 1.24 The fifte is called Epigastrica [Tab. 8 char. 1] a branch of the inner bough, which climb∣beth vp vnto the right Muscles of the Abdomen, and is ioyned with the Mammaria, as is saide of the Veines.

The sixt and last is called pudenda, [Tab. 8 char. 15.] a braunch of the vtter bough, which is consumed in the skin of the virile member. That which remaineth of the great Arterie, * 1.25 passeth into the Thigh, and is called Cruralis of which wee shall entreate afterward: now we will returne vnto the Entra's or Bowels, from which we haue a little digressed, to shew * 1.26 you the diuarications of these vessels in the Lower belly, but that very breefely, because we reserue their more exact description to their proper place in the Booke of the Veynes and Arteries.

Notes

• * 1.1

  Adiposa.
• * 1.2

  Emulgent.
• * 1.3

  Spermatica.
• * 1.4

  Lumbares.
• * 1.5

  Rami Iliaci.
• * 1.6

  Muscula.
• * 1.7

  Sacra.
• * 1.8

  The bisurcati∣on of the Ilia∣call veines.
• * 1.9

  Epigastrica.
• * 1.10

  Hypogastrica.
• * 1.11

  Pudenda.
• * 1.12

  Crurales.
• * 1.13

  The greater trunke of the great Artery.
• * 1.14

  Coeliaca.
• * 1.15

  Mesenterica Superiour.
• * 1.16

  Emulgens.
• * 1.17

  Spermatica.
• * 1.18

  Mesenterica Inferiour. Lumbares.
• * 1.19

  Iliaca, why it rideth aboue the hollowe veine.
• * 1.20

  Rami Iliaci
• * 1.21

  Sacra.
• * 1.22

  Muscula.
• * 1.23

  Hypogastrica.
• * 1.24

  Arteriae vmbi∣licales. Epigastrica.
• * 1.25

  Pudenda.
• * 1.26

  Crurales arteria