Mikrokosmographia a description of the body of man. Together vvith the controuersies thereto belonging. Collected and translated out of all the best authors of anatomy, especially out of Gasper Bauhinus and Andreas Laurentius. By Helkiah Crooke Doctor of Physicke, physitian to His Maiestie, and his Highnesse professor in anatomy and chyrurgerie. Published by the Kings Maiesties especiall direction and warrant according to the first integrity, as it was originally written by the author.

CHAP. XII. Of the Liuer.

THE Liuer is called in Greeke 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, from a word that signifieth Want, be∣cause * 1.1 it supplyeth the want of al the parts; or from making merrie, bee∣cause in this part is the seate of concupiscence. The Latines call it I••cur, as it were Iuxta Cor, because next to the heart his power is most eminent. It is worthily numbred among the principall parts, as being the seate of the * 1.2 naturall faculty, and of the nourishing part of the soule, common to alisanguine or bloo∣die creatures: and first of all the Entralles or bowels it is perfected in the mothers womb. * 1.3

It is the beginning of Veines, not in respect of their originall, which is seed (for the ves∣sels are made before the Viscera or entrals) but in respect of their rooting & distribution; for from hence spring two great and long Veines; below out of his cauity or hollownesse the Port or Gate veine; aboue out of his convexity or embowed side, the hollowe veyne is sayde to proceede, albeit indeede the hollow Veine groweth to his backe [Tab. xiii. Fig: 2, ^FG Fig: 3 ^MN] part, with two notable branches dispersed through his substance, which two

vesselles arise out of the Liuer, the Parenchyma or flesh of it being compassed about their roots as the earth is about the roots of a tree, and doe minister nourishment to the vvhole body, wherefore the Liuer is called the shop of sanguification or blood-making.

It is placed in the [Tab. 6. lib. 2 ^FF Tab. 9. CC] vpper part of the lower belly, that being * 1.4 set in the middest as it were of the body, it might send bloud equally vpward and downe∣ward; it is about a fingers breadth distant from the Diaphragma least it should hinder his motion; in dead bodies sometimes it toucheth it, and is couered wholly by the ribbes. It taketh vp the greatest part of the right Hypochondrium, partly that it may leaue the left for the stomacke [Table 6. Lib. 2. ^FF. Table 9. ^FF] and the spleen [Tab. 9. ^G] (for these three oc∣cupy both sides; whence it is, that when any of them, much more when all are swelled, ther followeth great difficulty of breathing) partly because the bloud might be better carried to the right ventricle of the heart. It leaneth but lightly vpon the vppermost, foremost, and right side of the stomacke [see the Tab. 6. lib. 2. and Tab. 9.] least it should presse it with his waight, and driue forth the matter contained in it. A little part of it also reacheth toward the left side, that the body might be ballanced. In Dogs it taketh vp well neere both sides, because their spleenes are long and narrow, but the greatest part is compassed below with the bastard ribs which defend it from iniuries.

His Figure is diuerse, because of the parts [Table 13. figure 1. 2.] adiacent, for his office * 1.5

[illustration]

Table xiij. sheweth the Liuer with his Veines.

The first Figure, the Gibbous and forepart.

The second Figure, the Gibbous and hinder part, together with a part of the trunk of the hollow veine.

The third Figure, a part of the hollow veine fastned to the backside of the Liuer, and is opened with a long slit, to shew the holes of his branches where they open into the Liuer.

[illustration]

FIG. I.

[illustration]

FIG. II.

[illustration]

FIG. III.

• A A 1 The Gibbous and foreside of the Liuer.
• B 1. The Vmbilical veine.
• CC 2. The Gibbous and backside of the Liuer.
• D 2. 3. The seate of the hollow veine where it pas∣seth through the midriffe.
• E E 2. The veines of the midriffe called Phrenicae.
• F G 2. In this distance is the place where the trunk of the hollow veine groweth to the backeside of the Liuer.
• H 2. A Ligament which tieth the Liuer to the mid∣riffe.
• I 2. A Ligament tying the left side of the Liuer to the midriffe.
• K 2. A part of the Gate veine.
• L 2, The bosome of the Liuer into which it admit∣teth the left orifice of the stomack.
• M N 3. Certaine braunches of veines proceeding out of the Liuer.
• OO ••. Smal braunches which are thrust out of the Liuer to the hollow veine.
• PP 3. The roots of the hollow veine dispersed tho∣rough the Liuer.

[illustration]

The fourth Figure sheweth the rootes of the Hollow and Gate veines, dispersed through the Liuer and their Ana∣stomoses or innocculations.

[illustration]

FIG. IV.

• A. The trunke of the hollow veine arising vpward from the Liuer.
• BB The trunk of the hollow veine, as it getteth out of the Gibbous part of the Liuer, which is bent downwards, and watereth al the parts of the bo∣dy vnder the Liuer.
• CCCC. The roots of the hollow veine which are in the substance of the Liuer.
• DDDD. The ends of the roots of the hollow veine which pierce or open into the midst of the roots of the gate-veine.
• E E The principal trunk of the gate vein.
• FF The roots of the gate veine, euen all those that are black, dispersed through the substance of the Liuer, which vnder the lower part of the Liuer do meet, and make one trunk.
• GGGG The endes of the rootes of the gate veine which pierce or open into the midst of the rooots of the hollow veine.

requires no proper figure, but a sufficient magnitude and thicknesse.

The form of it is outward or inward; the outward forme or surface which is the vpper & more backward part is smooth, equall and conuexe or embowed [Tab. viii. ^{B G} Tab. 2 lib. 4 ^bb, Tab, xiii. Fig. 1 ^AA, Fig: 8 CC] round (which is called pars gibba, the gibbous part or * 1.6 the head) that it may give way to the Diaphragma, and may agree with the cauity of it; but backward it hath a [Tab. xiii, Fig. 2 at ^{F G}) long bosome sufficient to embrace the stumpe of the hollow veine [Tab: xiii, Fig. 2 ^{F G}] least it shold be pressed eyther with the Liuers waight or the motion of the Midriffe.

The inward face of the Liuer which is the lower, is [Tab. 8 C C. Tab, xi, ^RR. Tab: xv, Fig. 1 ^BBC] hollow, vnequall, and is called the Simus or saddle side, that it may giue way to the sto∣macke strutting [Table 9. ^TP. Tab. xi ^E. Tab. 2, lib. 4 ^CC] with plenty of meat, and couer it immediately to cherish the first concoction of the Chylus.

In this part there are two hollowes or bosomes, one on the right side to receiue the bo∣dy of the bladder of Gall [Tab. xv: Fig. 1, ^P] the other on [Tab: xiii. Fig: •• ^L. tab: xv. Fig; 1 ^H] the left side, where it giueth way to the passage of the stomacke. In Dogs it hath a priuate hollownesse, whereinto it admitteth a part of the right Kidney. But where the gate-veine * 1.7 getteth out of it, it is vnequall, because it riseth somewhat high, least the Veines should be pressed by the rack-bones. On the Right side it is round [Tab. 9 ^CC Tab: xiii, Fig: 1, ^AA] and very thicke; on the left it groweth thinner by degrees, and endeth somewhat sharpe in an acute Angle; [Tab. xiii Fig: 2. from ^L to ^I] in the forepart also it is thin in the bought or compasse. There is but one Liuer, for the largenesse makes recompence for the num∣ber; * 1.8 and it is the greatest in a man of any creature for his proportion, and in the biggest men biggest, because it must make blood for the vse of the whole body; not onelie for his nourishment, but also to serue for his expence of spirits: for there are more functions of the soule in a man, then in any other creature; which functions spend more animall Spi∣rits, and those are engendred of the vitall spirits, and the vitall spirits of blood; therefore a man had neede of good store of blood, and by consequent of a great Liuer wherewith to make it. In fearefull men and such as are giuen to their paunches, it is greater then in other men. In fearefull men, because the weakenesse of their vitall faculty comming of the * 1.9 cold temper of the body, might be supplyed by the strength of the natural faculty. In raue∣nous gourmandizers, because of the aboundance of the meate they eate; for as the Liuer is more plentifully nourished, so it groweth greater. For the most part the Liuer of a man is whole (that when a man goes right vp, it might couer the stomacke with the hollow part of it) [as is snewed in the 6 Tab. lib. 2. and in Tab. 5] excepting the fore and right part wher there [Tab xiii. Fig: 1. at ^B Tab. xv Fig. 1, ^E] is a cleft like an outlet, which was necessary for the passage of the vmbilical or nauil vein. [Tab. 6, lib. 2, from ^D to ^B, Tab. 5 ^C. Tab 8 I. Tab. xiii. fig: 1 ^B] On the backside a part of it filleth the cauity, which both the mouths of the sto∣macke do leaue.

But in bruite beasts it is diuided into foure, fiue, or six Lobes or Finnes, which are con∣tinuated * 1.10 or coupled together, onely by the mediation of Veynes, within which lobes their stomackes are couered as it were with the fingers of a hand, because they haue no cloathes to keepe it warme, as men haue. For if in them it were whole, when they go groueling it would not so lap about the stomacke, but hang off. Wherefore Birds because they stande more straight vp, haue it diuided but once.

It is knit to the spine bone of the Loynes, to the Diaphragma, and to other parts by the * 1.11 helpe of the rim or Peritonaeum, of whom it receyueth three strong Ligaments, least being heauy, it should at any time fall. The first and right is thin [Tab, 5 ^D, Tab. 8 ^H, Tab. 2 lib. * 1.12 4. ^d. Tab xiii. Fig. 2 ^H] like a Membrane, broad, neruous, and very strong, proceeding from the Rim where it compasseth the Midriffe; and tyeth the Liuer (into whose coates it doth degenerate) forward to the Diaphragma, and is called Suspensortum or the heauing Liga∣ment: wherefore, when the Liuer growes heauy, the Midriffe is drawne downe, and in re∣spiration there is more difficulty when a man stands, then when he lies along. The second and left Ligament is also very strong, round, [Table xi. C. Table ii, lib. 4. ^C. Table xiii, figure ii, I. Table fifteene, figure one, ^G] and proceeding from the Rim; it knitteth al∣so his thinner part to the Diaphragma, that the sides of the Liuer may on either hande bee held vp, it sometimes also cleaueth to the Cartilages of the bastard ribs. The third Ligas¦ment is the vmbilicall or Nauell veyne, now dryed after [Tab 6 lib 2. from ^D to ^B. Tab. 5 ^B, Tab. xii: Fig. 1 ^•] the birth, whereby at the Nauell it is tyed down to the Abdomen, [Tab: ••3

Fig: 7, 8. from ^Z to ^Y] lest the Liuer falling down should draw the Diaphragma after it. More∣ouer, where the beginning of the gate-veine is [Table 11. ^I] there groweth to it a portion of the omentum. So on the backside in the compassed face or gibbous part where the hol∣low veine passeth through it, it cleaueth to the rim. * 1.13

It hath a most fine and slender membrane, and but one, growing from that membrane of the veines which ariseth from the Peritonaeum or rim; and this incloseth all his substance.

That substance is nothing else but bloud poured out of the veines, whence it is red and * 1.14 soft, and standeth round about and betwixt them, as the earth about and betwixt the small bearded rootes of a tree; which bloud being held in by the membrane wee last spake off, cloddeth together, and therefore of Erasistratus is called 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, that is, an affusion or pouring out. Galen cals it flesh, Hippocrates a fleshie viscus or entrall: wee with Galen call 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, the flesh as well of this as of the other entrals.

The empty spaces betweene the rootes of the hollow and port veine this substance fil∣leth vp, as may appeare when the flesh is taken away, for so it may be as we haue seene ele∣gantly performed, especially by that occulate Anatomist Petrus Pauius of Leydon neere xx. yeares since, then my first Maister & Moderator in Anatomie; a liuely resemblance wher∣of wee haue here annexed, albeit it may partly be perceiued by the precedent Table.

• A The trunk of the hollow vein where it pierceth the midriffe
• B A part of the midriffe.
• CC A parte of the trunke of the hollow veine which groweth to the back part of the Liuer.
• DD The trunke of the hollow veine which is carried tho∣rough the lower belly, his brā∣ches being remoued.
• EEEE The roots of the hollow veine dispersed through the substance of the Liuer: these appeare here all white.
• FG The vmbilicall veine, with∣out the Liuer at F. within the Liuer at G.
• HH The trunke of the gate vein without the liuer.
• II A part of the right side of the gate veine torne from his left side, that the vessels might bet¦ter bee demonstated: but the trunke of the gate veine HH. should haue ridden ouer the hollow veine DD.
• KKKKKK The roots of the gate veine dispersed through the substance of the Liuer, which here appeare all blacke.
• LLL The Anastomoses or inoc∣culations of the rootes of the gate veine with the rootes of the hollow veine.
• M This innocculation is like a Pipe or trunke, & it is a com∣mon and continued passage, into which you may put a good big Probe: from this there are open passages into the last strings of the gate or hollow veine.

[illustration]

Table xiiij. Sheweth the rootes of the Hollow and Gate veines, disseminated through the Parenchyma or flesh of the Liuer, & their Anastomoses or inocculations: also the trunkes of the Nauell, Hollow, and Gate-veines. Into euery one of the trunks you may put a sticke before you boyle the Liuer and separate his substance from the vessels, that so the vessels may appeare open, and not corrugated or crumpled vp together.

[illustration]

TABVLA. XIIII.

There are a few Arteries inordinately shed through his substance amongst the other ves∣sels: * 1.15 But there are more rootes of the port veine [table 13. figure 4. Table 14. the blacke rootes belong to the gate veines] in his lower part, and fewer in his vpper, and on the con∣trary

many more [Tab: xiii, Fig. 4. Tab. xiiii the white rootes belong to the Hollow veine] roots of the Hollow veine in his vpper parts, then in his lower, (wherefore there is more plentifull sanguification or making of blood in the hollow side, and more aboundant di∣stribution in the conuex or embowed part) but all of them committed acrosse or mixt to∣gether * 1.16 by Anastomosis, [Tab. xiii: Fig. 4. ^GGGG, Tab. xiiii: ^LLL] which most resembleth the inoculation of plants; although sometimes the roots of the hollow Vein do fasten their ends into the midst of the roots of the Gate-vein, by which the bloud runneth out of the roots of the Gate vein into the Hollow vein, so that these roots do make plexum mirabilē, or the wonderfull web, texture, or plat of Veines (in respect of which it is likely the Liuer is saide to be the beginning or originall of veynes) for the perfecting and absolute confection of the blood. But there is one peculiar and notable Anastomosis or inocculation to bee ob∣serued [Tab. xiiii, ^M] which is a manifest and open pipe and continuated passage into which you may passe a good bigge probe, and from which there lyeth an open way through all the least threds of the Gate and hollow Veines. And so much the rather are these inoccu∣lations of the Veines one with another, more diligently to be obserued, because through them the humors offending passe, when the habite or vtmost region of the body is by pur∣gation emptied by the siedge.

The lower [Tab. xiii, Fig. 4, ^FF. Tab: xiiii. ^KKKK] of these roots, are by little and little ga∣thered * 1.17 into greater, and these into other, till at length in the lower part of the Liuer they consent together into the trunke of the port or the Gate veine [Tab. xiii, Fig. 4. ^E• Tab: xiiii ^HH] as broad as a thumbe or broader.

The vpper roots are in like manner [Tab: xiii. Fig: 4. ^CCCC, Tab. xiiii, ^EEE] vnited by degrees, till at length they fall into two notable and great [Tab. xiii, fig: 3, ^{M N}] braunches, reaching to the fore-seate of the Hollow veine, where it groweth to the Liuer, and lyeth vpon the Diaphragma, and there make one trunke [Tab. xiii. figure: 2. ^F, fig: 3, ^D. fig: 4 ^B. Tab, xiiii, ^AC.] Hence it is that the Gate veine [Tab: viii, ^a] is saide to arise out of the hollow side of the Liuer, and the Hollow veine, [Tab: viii, ^K] out of the conuex or embowed part.

Amongst these roots, certaine fine tendrils [Tab: xv fig: 2, ^QQ. Table xvi, figure 1, ^DDD, * 1.18 figure 2, ^aaa] hauing the bodies of Veines, and being gathered into one stumpe or stalke [Tab: xv, figure 2 ^a. table xvi, figure 1, ^E] are disseminated, which carry the choler from the Liuer to the bladder of gall, which also are ioyned with the rootes of the gate-veyne, that the blood before it come into the branches of the Hollow veine, may bee purged and clensed from that cholericke excrement.

The same substance of the Liuer whereof wee spake before, by compassing about these vessels, strengthneth them, and warranteth their tender threds from danger; by whom al∣so * 1.19 it receyueth in lieu a proportionable good, for it is nourished by blood laboured in the roots of the Port veine, and out of those small ends powred on euery side into his lap: the remainder which he refuseth, is carried into the roots of the hollow vein, and thence both thrust out, and drawne for nourishment into the whole body.

There are a few small Arteries [Table 4, figure 1 ^H] from the Coeliaca diffused in his sub∣stance * 1.20 (which do appeare more vvhite then the Veines) on the hollow side where the bran∣ches of the Gate [Table 4, figure 1 ^t and figure 2, ^Y, table xi. ^L] veine do ioyne together in∣to their common trunke or stumpe, that they might ventilate and so preserue the naturall heate of the Liuer, wherfore they runne onely through the hollow part; for the embowed part is wafted with the continuall motion of the Diaphragma, as with a Fan. They also car∣ry vitall heate, that the heate being doubled, the sanguification might better succeed; and that the Liuer also might not be destitute of the vitall faculty: for in the whole bodye, the Veines and Arteries are in a league and helpe one another: these ministring spirits to the veines, the veines blood to them.

It hath two smal Nerues [Tab: iiii, fig: 2. ^y tab: xi ^M] from the sixt paire: one from that branch that is sent to the vpper mouth of the stomacke; [tab: xv. fig: 1 ^o, tab. xvi, fig: 1 O] * 1.21 the other from the branch [table xv. Figure 2 ^f] which passeth to the roots of the ribbes of the right side, both of them dispersed into his coate, that he might not be altogether like a plant without sense, albeit seruing onely for nourishment it stoode in no need of any quick or notable sense wherefore his Nerues are so very small. Hence it is, that the paines of the Liuer are not acute or sharpe, but obtuse or dull, and grauatiue onely. But the bottome or center of the Liuer is altogether without sense, because of the many motions of the hu∣mors therein.

The vse of the Liuer is by his affused substance to part and separate the vessels that they * 1.22 cleaue not together; to sustaine and establish them; to cherrish them with his heate, be∣cause in that place their coats are thinner, sayth Galen 4. vsu partium, 13. than in any other part of the creature. For by this helpe, sanguification which is celebrated in the rootes of the gate veine, which are in the substance of the Liuer, is duly administred: to affoord vnto them the naturall Faculty as it were by irradiation, euen as the vessels of seede receiue the faculty of Seed-making from the Testicles; as also to procreate the Naturall spirite, which some deny but Archangelus by many arguments doth establish: and last of all to preserue * 1.23 and maintaine the Nourishing Soule as they call it, which is seated in euery particular part of the body.

But because there are many opinions concerning the manner of sanguification, I haue heere thought good to set downe Bauhines conceite, as the opinion of a man to whome I am especially in this worke beholding.

All Aliments aswell solid as liquid are taken by the mouth and after mastication or chewing as there is more or lesse neede, are swallowed into the stomacke and there conco∣cted * 1.24 and turned into Chylus. This Chylus, afterward when the pylorus or lower mouth of the stomacke is opened, is thrust downe into the guts; and if any part of it escaped elabo∣ration before, is there reuised and re-concocted. The thin and lawdable part of the Chy∣lus (for the thicke excrements called Aluinaefoeces, are forced into the great guts) together with that humour which is as it were a watery excrement, and was engendred in the con∣coction of the stomacke, is suckt away by certaine branches of the Gate-vein deriued from his trunke (which is fixed in the hollow part of the Liuer) vnto the stomacke, but especially vnto the guts. These veynes which are called Venae Meseraicae, and wee must call the Mese∣raick veines, do attenuate the Chylus which they receyue, prepare it and giue it the fyrst * 1.25 rudiment of blood, so that now it beginneth to be called Chymus, that is, a Humour: which when it approacheth to the trunke of the Gate-veine, is vnburdened of his thicke part, the Spleene drawing it away by the Spleenicke branch, as hath beene sayde in the vse of the Spleene.

That which remaineth of this Chymus or Humour, is conueyed out of the trunke of the Gate-veyne into his rootes which are very many and very small, dispersed through the hol∣low part of the Liuer. Their coate also is very thin (as is also the coats of the vessels of the Spleene, the Testicles and the Paps) that the sanguifying Faculty might more easily insi∣nuate it self into them from the Parenchyma or flesh of the Liuer, without which the blood cannot be made profitable for nourishment; and from which those vessels receiue by irra∣diation the sanguifying Faculty, as the spermaticall do the Faculty of Seede-making from the Testicles. In these vessels therefore the Humour is changed into blood, for no Chylus is powred out of the roots of the Gate-veines into the flesh of the Liuer.

Now that this Humour might be longer reteyned, and passing through many alterati∣ons be diuided into as small portions as was possible, or rather be perfectly laboured, Na∣ture * 1.26 ordained no such cauity in this place as in the stomacke; but of infinite & slender bran∣ches of Veines made a texture-net or web wherein the Chylus is better thinned, mitiga∣ted and parted into small portions, that the flesh of the Liuer on euery side compassing his disseuered parts, might better worke it into a Masse of blood. For if there had beene a cauity formed in the Liuer, then must the Chylus haue had a Canel or pipe for his egresse and regresse through which it woulde haue falne away crude and not perfectly sanguified, and therefore vnfit for the nourishment of the parts.

After the blood is thus absolued and perfected in the roots of the Gate-veine, they haue a naturall instinct to part with it, partly to powre it into the flesh of the Liuer for his nou∣rishment * 1.27 that before did them so good an office; partly to vnloade their burthen into the rootes of the Hollow Veine, which are especially disseminated through the Conuexe or gibbous and embowed part of the Liuer, which rootes also haue an instinct or desire to draw it into themselues, and to deliuer it ouer into their boughes and branches (in which it receyueth a farther degree of elaboration) pure and defaecated from all excrements, to be distributed vnto the parts of the body.

The rootes of the Hollow and Gate veines, although they be hand ouer head as we say, without any precise order distributed through the flesh of the Liuer, yet in manie places they are ioyned by Anastomosis or inocculation (excepting the branches which serue for the nourishment of the Liuer it selfe) as they touch in their passage ouerthwart one ano∣ther,

or else the extremities or endes of the gate veines are fastned into the middest of the * 1.28 rootes of the hollow veine; or contrarily the ends of the hollow veines into the middest of the gate veines: for after no other manner but this, can the bloud be translated out of the rootes of the gate veine into the rootes of the hollow veine.

But that the bloud might better passe through the narrow and straight passages of the vessels, it is wefted by a thin and watery humour which is most like to whay; and there∣fore * 1.29 is called serum sanguinis, we call it commonly the Vrine; a humour which is not fitte for the nourishment of any part, but onely mingling it selfe with the bloud, it maketh it more thin, and so readier to passe along: wherefore Hippocrates called it 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, The Wagon of the Nourishment.

And whereas no Aliment is so simple, but that it consisteth of diuers and different parts; we must know, that all those parts cannot be changed into laudable bloud; wherefore as in the first concoction celebrated in the stomacke and the small guts, there was a segregation of the excrements of the belly: so in the beginning of the second concoction, which was in the meseraicke veines, there was a segregation made of the crasse and foeculent part of the Chylus, from the pure and laudable, which was sent away to the spleene. But in the concoction which is accomplished in the veines of the Liuer, two excrements are separa∣ted, least if they remayned mingled with the bloud, they should be with it transported into the whole body. These through their proper passages are conuayed and stored vp in pe∣culiar and appropriated receptacles or places of receipt. The first of which, is the bilious or cholericke excrement, which is disposed partly into the bladder of gall, partly sent away into the gut, as we shall say in the next chapter. The second is, the serous or whaey humor, the greatest part whereof, when the bloud is ariued out of the rootes of the gate-veine into the hollow veine, becommeth an offensiue burden vnto it; and therefore the Kidneyes by the emulgent veines and Arteries draw it out of the hollow veine and the great Arterie in∣to themselues.

The bloud thus cleansed and depured from all manner of excrements, is distributed by the trunkes and branches of the hollow veine through the whole body, in which passage it receiueth an alteration or disposition of nourishment, that no time should bee lost. These branches of the hollow veine doe with the bloud carry also a part of the aboue mentioned whay or vrine, to make it more fluxible, that it might the better passe through the Capilla∣rie veines of the parts to nourish them; where when it is ariued, it is as it were sprinckled v∣pon the flesh, into which by little and little in manner of a vapour or dewe it soaketh and sinketh, cleauing like glew till it bee wholly conuerted into their proper Aliment; which glew by nourishing and restoring, maketh good the Radical moysture and the substance of the parts. But the whay which accompanied the bloud thither in the third concoction, that is, in nourishment which is accomplished in euery particular part, as an vnprofitable excrement is exhaled in sweat and insensible transpiration: thus far Bauhine.

Notes

• * 1.1

  The notation.
• * 1.2

  A principall part.
• * 1.3

  The begin∣ning of veins.
• * 1.4

  His scituation
• * 1.5

  The figure.
• * 1.6

  The Figure.
• * 1.7

  The quality of it.
• * 1.8

  The waste of spirits in man aboue other creatures.
• * 1.9

  In what men it is greater or lesser.
• * 1.10

  It hath in mē no Lobes or diuisions.
• * 1.11

  The Conne∣xion.
• * 1.12

  Three Liga∣ments.
• * 1.13

  The mem∣brane.
• * 1.14

  The Parenchy∣ma.
• * 1.15

  The roots of the great veines.
• * 1.16

  Anastomosis what it may▪ best be com∣pared to.
• * 1.17

  The port or Gate-veine. The Hollow∣veine.
• * 1.18

  The passage of Choller to the bladder of Gall.
• * 1.19

  How the Li∣uer is nouri∣shed.
• * 1.20

  The Arteries of the Liuer.
• * 1.21

  The Nerues of the Liuer.
• * 1.22

  The vses of the Liuer.
• * 1.23

  Columbus.
• * 1.24

  The maner of sanguification as Bauhine hath descri∣bed it.
• * 1.25

  When the Chylus becō∣meth Chymus.
• * 1.26

  Why there is no cauitie in the Liuer, but a web or net of vessels.
• * 1.27

  The naturall instinctof ves∣sels.
• * 1.28

  Anastomosis how it com∣meth.
• * 1.29

  The vse of the whay.