The survey of Cornvvall. Written by Richard Carew of Antonie, Esquire

THE SVRVEY OF CORNWALL.

The second Booke.

IN this second booke I will first report, what I haue learned of Cornwall, and Cornishmen in general, and from thence descend to the particular places and persons, as their note-worthie site, or any memorable action, or accident, of the former or later ages, shall offer occasion.

The highest which my search can reach vnto, I bor∣row out of Strabo, who writeth, that the Westerne Bre∣tons gaue ayde vnto the Armorici of Fraunce, against Caesar, which hee pretended for one of the causes, why he inuaded this Iland.

Next I find, that about sixtie yeeres from the landing of Hengist, one Nazaleod, a mightie King amongst the Bretons, ioyned battell with Certicus, Soueraigne of the West-Saxons, and after long fight, with his owne death accompanied the ouerthrow of his armie. Yet, the Bre∣tons, thus abandoned by fortune, would not so forsake themselues, but with renued courage, and forces, coped once againe with Certicus, and his sonne Kenrick, at

Certicesford, thogh equally destitute of successe as before.

Gurmund, an arch-Pirate of the Norwegians, was called by the Saxons, out of his late conquered Ireland, to their aide, against Careticus king of the Bretons; whom he ouercame in battel, and inforced his subiects to seeke safegard by flight, some in Wales, some in Cornwall, and some in little Breteigne: since which time, they could neuer recouer againe their auncient possession of the whole Iland.

Howbeit, not long after, Iuor, sonne to Alane, king of the said little Breteigne, landed in the West parts, wanne from the Saxons, Cornwall, Deuon, & Somerset shires, by force of armes, and then established his conquest, by a peaceable composition with his aduerse partie.

Adelred, king of West-sex, inuaded Deuon and Corn∣wall, whom Roderick, king of the Bretons, and Blederick Prince of those prouinces, encountred and discomfited: which notwithstanding, processe of time reaued from him, and added such strength to his enemies, that he was driuen to abandon Cornwall, and retire into Wales.

So, the Cornishmen quitting their libertie with their prince, stouped to the cōmaund of Egbert King of West-sex, and with their territorie (saith William Malmsburie) enlarged his confines.

Athelstane handled them yet more extremely; for hee draue them out of Excester, where, till then, they bare e∣quall sway with the Saxons, & left onely the narrow an∣gle on the West of Tamer riuer, for their Inhabitance, which hath euer since beene their fatall bound.

On their Reguli (as Vincentius deliuereth) he imposed an yerely tribute, of 20. li. in gold, 300. li. in siluer, 25. oxen, and hunting hounds and hawkes, at discretion.

To these afflictions by home-neighbours of bondage, tribute, and banishing, was ioyned a fourth, of spoyling by forrayne enemies: for Roger Houedon telleth vs, that the Danes landed in sundry places of Cornwall, forrayed the Countrey, burned the Townes, and killed the people.

To whom succeeded in the like occupation, Godwin, and Edmond magnus, King Harolds two sonnes, discom∣fiting the forces opposed against them, harrowing De∣uon and Cornwall, and then retiring with their prey into Ireland.

After the conquest, when K. H. the first inuaded Griffin ap Conan Prince of Wales, he distributed his ar∣mie into three portions, one of which (wherein consis∣ted the forces of the fourth part of England and Cornwal) hee committed to the leading of Gilbert Earle of Strigill.

In Henry the thirds time, by the testimony of Ma∣thew Paris, William Earle of Sarum, after long tossing at sea, with much adoe, about Christmas arriued in Cornwall: and so afterwards, did Earle Richard, the Kings brother, at two seuerall times: the later of which, being destitute of horses and treasure, he prayed therein ayde of his loyals.

When Edward the third auerred his right to the Crowne of Fraunce, by the euidence of armes, the French for a counterplea, made an vnlawfull entry into Deuon and Cornwall; but Hugh Courtney Earle of Deuon, remooued it with posse Comitatus, and recommitted them to the wooddē prison that brought them thither. Yet would not the Scots take so much warning by their successe, as example by their precedent, if at least, Frois∣sarts

ignorance of our English names, bred not his mis∣taking in the place.

By his relation also, Cornwals neere neighbourhead gaue oportunity of accesse, both to the Earle Montford, when he appealed to that Kings ayd, for recouering his right in Brittaine (albeit I cannot bring home Cepsee the designed port of his landing) and after his captiuitie, to the messengers of his heroicall Countesse, employed in the like errand.

And from Cornwall, the Earle of Sarum, Wil. de Mes∣uile and Philip de Courtney, set to sea, with 40. ships, be∣sides Barks, and 2000. men at armes, besides Archers, in support of that quarrell.

Lastly, his authoritie enformeth me, that those soul∣diers of Cornwall, who vnder their Captaines Iohn Apport and Iohn Cornwall, had defended the Fort of Bercherel in Brittaine, against the power of Fraunce, aboue a yeree space, in the end, for want of due succours, vpon an ho∣nourable composition surrendred the same.

Queene Margaret, wife to H. 6. vpon her arriual out of Fraūce, after the losse of Barnet field, receiued great ayd, though to smal purpose, frō the Deuon and Cornish men, vnder the conduct of Thomas, Earle of that shire.

And so much were those Western people addicted to that name, as they readily followed Sir Edw. Courtney, & his brother Peter, Bishop of Excesler, what time they assisted the Duke of Buckingham, in his reuolt against Richard the third.

Neither did his suppressour and successour, H. the 7. finde them more loyall: for the Cornish men repining at a Subsidy lately graunted him by Act of Parliament, were induced to rebellion by Thomas Flammock, a Gen∣tleman,

& Michael Ioseph, a Black-smith, with whom they marched to Taunton, there murdering the Prouost of perin, a Commissioner for the sayd Subsidy, and from thence to Welles, where Iames Touchet, Lord Audely, de∣generated to their party, with which encrease they pas∣sed by Sarisbury to Winchester, and so into Kent. But by this time, Lords & Commons were gathered in strēgth sufficient, to make head against them, and soone after, black Heath saw the ouerthrow of their forces in bat∣tell, and Loudon, the punishment of their seducers by iustice.

In the same fatall yeere of reuolts, Perkin Warbeck, a counterfeit Prince, landed in Cornwall, went to Bodmyn, assembled a trayne of rake-hels, assaulted Excester, recey∣ued the repulse, and in the end sped, as is knowne, and as he deserued.

The last Cornish rebellion, was first occasioned by one Kilter, and other his associats of a Westerne parish, called, S. Keueren, who imbrued their wicked hands in the guiltles blood of one M. Body, as he sate in Commis∣sion at Helston for matters of reformation in religion: and the yere following, it grew to a general reuolt, vnder the conduct of Arundel, Wydeslade; Resogan, and others, followed by 6000. with which power they marched into Deuon, besieged and assaulted Excester, & gaue the L. Russell (employed with an army against them) more then one hot encounter, which yet (as euer) quayled in their ouerthrow.

In my particular view, I wil make easie iournies from place to place, as they lye in my way, taking the Hun∣dreds for my guydes, vntill I haue accomplished this wearisome voyage.

My first entrance must be by the hundred of East, so named for his site, and therein, at Plymmouth hauen. It borroweth that name of the riuer Plym, which rising in Deuon, and by the way baptizing Plymston, Plymstock, &c. here emptieth it selfe into the sea. The hauen parteth De∣uon and Cornwall welneere euery where, as Tumer riuer runneth: I say welneere, because some few interland places are excepted: a matter so sorted at the first partiti∣on, eyther to satisfie the affection of some speciall per∣sons, or to appropriate the soyle to the former Lords, or that (notwithstanding this seuerance) there might stil rest some cause of entercourse between the Inhabitants of both Counties: as I haue heard, a late great man en∣sued, and expressed the like consideration, in diuision of his lands betweene two of his sonnes.

Now though this hauen thus bound both shires, yet doth, the iurisdiction of the water wholly appertayne to the Duchy of Cornwall, and may therefore bee claymed as a part of that Country. Notwithstanding, I will for∣beare what I may, to intrude vpon my good friend M. Hookers limits, and reserue to him the description of the farther shore.

The first promontory of this harbour on the West side, is Rame head, by his proportion, receyuing, and by his possession, giuing, that name and armes to his owner, whose posterity conueyed it by inter-marriages, from Durnford, to Edgecumb: on the toppe thereof riseth a little vaulted Chappell, which serueth for a marke at sea.

From thence trending Penlee poynt, you discouer Kings sand and Causam Bay, an open roade, yet some∣times affoording succour to the woorst sort of Sea∣farers,

at not subiect to cōptrolment of Plymmouth forts. The shore is peopled with some dwelling houses, and many Cellers, dearely rented for a short vsage, in fauing of Pilcherd. At which time, there flocketh a great con∣course of Sayners, and others, depending vpon their la∣bour. I haue heard the Inhabitants thereabouts to re∣port, that the Earle of Richmond (afterwards Henry the seuenth) while hee houered vpon the coast, here by stealth refreshed himselfe; but being aduertised of streight watch, kept for his surprising at Plymmouth, he richly rewarded his hoste, hyed spcedily a shipboord, and escaped happily to a better fortune.

Here also of late yeeres, part of the Cornish forces twise encamped themselues, planted some Ordinance, and raised a weake kind of fortification, therethrough to contest, if not repulse, the landing of the expected enemie: and a strong watch is continually kept there, euer since one thousand, fiue hundred, ninetie seuen: at which time, a Spaniard riding on the Bay, while most of the able people gaue their attendance at the Countie Assises, sent some closely into the village, in the darke of the night, who hanged vp barrels of matter fit to take fire, vpon certaine doores, which by a traine should haue burned the houses. But one of the Inhabitants, es∣pying these vnwelcome ghests, with the bounce of a Caliuer chaced them aboord, and remoued the barrels, before the traynes came to worke their effect. The In∣giner of this practise, (as hath since appeared by some examinations) was a Portugall, who sometimes sayled with Sir Iohn Borowghs, and boasted to haue burned his Ship: for which two honourable exploits, the King of Spaine bestowed on him two hundred duckets.

In the mouth of the harbour, lyeth S. Nicholas Iland, in fashion, losengy, in quantity, about 3. acres, strongly fortifyed, carefully garded, and subiect to the Cōmaun∣der of Plymmouth fort.

When the Cornish rebels, during Edw. the 6•• raigne, turmoyled the quiet of those quarters, it yeelded a safe protection to diuers dutyful subiects, who there shrow∣ded themselues.

From this Iland, a range of rocks reacheth ouer to the Southwest shore, discouered at the low water of Spring tides, and leauing onely a narrow entrance in the midst, called the Yate, for ships to passe thorow, whereto they are directed by certaine markes at land.

Vpon this South shore somewhat within the Iland, standeth mount Edgecumb, a house builded and named by Sir Ric. Edgecumb, father to the now possessioner and if comparisons were as lawfull in the making, as they prooue odious in the matching, I would presume to ranke it, for health, pleasure, and commodities, with any subiects house of his degree in England. It is seated a∣gainst the North, on the declining of a hill, in the midst of a Deere park, neere a narrow entrance, thorow which the salt water breaketh vp into the country, to shape the greatest part of the hauen. The house is builded square, with a round turret at eche end, garretted on the top, & the hall rising in the mids aboue the rest, which yeel∣deth a stately sound, as you enter the same. In Sum∣mer, the opened casements admit a refreshing coolenes: in Winter, the two closed doores exclude all offensiue coldnesse: the parlour and dining chamber giue you a large & diuersified prospect of land & sea; to which vn∣der-ly S. Nicholas Iland, Plymmouth fort & the townes of Plymmouth, Stonehouse Milbrook, & Saltash. It is supplyed

with a neuer-fayling spring of water, and the dwelling stored with wood, timber, fruit, Deere, and Conies. The ground abundantly answereth a housekeepers necessi∣ties, for pasture, arable and meadow, and is replenished with a kinde of stone, seruing both for building, lyme, and marle. On the sea clifs groweth great plenty of the best Ore-wood, to satisfie the owners want, and accom∣modate his neighbours. A little below the house, in the Summer euenings, Sayne-boates come and draw with their nets for fish; whither the gentry of the house wal∣king downe, take the pleasure of the sight, & sometimes at all aduentures, buy the profit of the draughts. Both sides of the forementioned narrowe entrance, together with the passage betweene, (much haunted as the high way to Plymmouth) the whole towne of Stonehouse, and a great circuit of the land adioyning, appertaine to M. Edgecumbs inheritāce: these sides are fenced with block∣houses, and that next to Mount Edgecumb, was wont to be planted with ordinance, which at comming & par∣ting, with their base voices greeted such ghest sas visited the house, neither hath the opportunity of the harbour wanted occasions to bring them, or the owners a franke mind to inuite them. For proofe whereof, the earst re∣mēbred Sir Ric. (a gentleman in whom mildnes & stout∣nes, diffidēce & wisdome, deliberatenes of vndertaking, & sufficiency of effecting, made a more cōmendable, thē blazing mixture of vertue) during Q. Ma. raigne, enter∣tained at one time, for some good space, the Admirals of the English, Spanish, & Netherland fleets, with many noble men besides. But not too much of this, least a par∣tiall affection steale, at vnwares, into my commendation, as one, by my mother, descended frō his loynes, and by my birth, a member of the house.

Certaine olde ruines, yet remaining, confirme the neighbours report, that neere the waters side, there stood once a towne, called Weststone house, vntill the French by fire and sword ouerthrew it.

In the yeere one thousand, fiue hundred, ninetienine, the Spaniards vaunts caused the Cornish forces to ad∣uance there a kind of fortification, and to plot the ma∣king of a Bridge on barges ouer that strait, for inhibiting the enemies accesse by boates and Gallies, into the more inward parts of the hauen. But it may be doubted, whe∣ther the bridge would haue proued as impossible, as the Sconcefell out vnnecessarie.

Master Peter Edgecumbe (commonly called Peers) married Margaret the daughter of Sir Andrew Lutterel, his father Sir Richard married the daughter of Tregian: his father Sir Peers married the daugh∣ter, and heire of Stephan Durnford: and his father Sir Ri∣chard, married the daughter of Tremayn. These names of Peers and Richard, they haue successiuely vari∣ed for sixe or seuen descents. Hee beareth for his Armes, Gules on a Bend ermine, betweene two Cotises, Or. 3. Bores heades coped, arg. armed as the three; Langued is the field.

A little inward from Mountedgecumb, lieth a safe and commodious Road for shipping, called Hamose, and compounded of the words Ose, and Ham, according to the nature of the place. Here those vessels cast anchor, which are bound to the Eastwards, as those doe in Cat∣water, who would fare to the West; because euerie wind that can serue them at Sea, will from thence car∣rie them out: which commoditie other Roads doe not so conueniently affoord. It is reported, that in times

past, there was an ordinary passage ouer this water, to a place on Deuon side, called Horsecoue, but long since dis∣continued.

At the higher end of a creek, passing vp from hence, Milbrook lurketh between two hilles, a village of some 80. houses, and borrowing his name from a mill and little brook, running therethrough. In my remembrance (which extendeth not to aboue 40 yeeres) this village tooke great encrease of wealth and buildings, through the iust and industrious trade of fishing, and had wel∣neere forty ships and barks at one time belonging there∣vnto. But our late broyles with Spayne haue set vp a more compendious, though not so honest way of gay∣ning, and begin by little and little, to reduce these plaine dealers, to their former vndeserued plight. Yet do they prescribe, in a suburbiall market (as I may terme it) to Plymmouth, for their reliefe, by intercepting, if not fore∣stalling, such corne and victuals, as passing thorow their streights, cannot for want of time or weather, get ouer Crymell passage, to the other: and surely they are not vnworthy of fauour: for this towne furnisheth more able Mariners at euery prest for her Highnesse seruice, then many others of far greater blaze.

It chanced about twenty yeeres sithence, that one Richaurd, wife to Richard Adams of this towne, was de∣liuered of two male children, the one ten weekes after the other, who liued vntil baptisme, & the later hitherto: Which might happen, in that the woman bearing twinnes, by some blow, slide, or other extraordinary ac∣cident, brought forth the first before his time, and the la∣ter in his due season. Now, that a childe borne in the seuenth moneth may liue, both Astrologers and Phisi∣cions

doe affirme, but in the 8. they deny it; and these are their reasons: The Astrologers hold, that the child in the mothers wombe, is successiuely gouerned euery moneth, by the seuen Planets, beginning at Saturne: after which reckoning, he returning to his rule the 8. month, by his dreery influēce, infortunateth any birth that shal then casually befall: whereas his succeeder Iupiter, by a better disposition worketh a more beneficiall effect. The Phisicions deliuer, that in the seuenth moneth, the childe, by course of nature, turneth itself in the mothers belly; wherefore, at that time, it is readier (as halfe loo∣sed) to take issue by any outward chance. Mary, in the eightth, when it beginneth to settle againe, and as yet re∣tayneth some weakenes of the former sturring, it requi∣reth a more forcible occasion, & that induceth a slaugh∣tering violence. Or if these coniecturall reasons suffice not to warrant a probability of the truth, Plynies autho∣rity, in a stranger case, shall presse them farther: for hee writeth, that a woman brought a bed of one childe in the seuenth moneth, in the moneths following, was al∣so deliuered of twinnes.

A part of Mount-Edgecumb, and of this Milbrook, though seuered from Deuon, by the generall bound, yet, vpon some of the foreremembred considerations, haue bene annexed thereunto.

Aside of Milbrook, lyeth the Peninsula of Inswork, on whose neckland standeth an ancient house of the Cham∣pernons, and descended by his daughters and heires, to Forteskew, Monck, and Treuilian, three Gentlemen of De∣uon. The site is naturally both pleasant and profitable; to which, the owner by his ingenious experiments, daily addeth an artificiall surplusage.

Passing somewhat farther vp, you meet with the foot of Lyner, where it winneth fellowship with Tamer, that, till then, and this, yet longer, retayning their names, though their ouer-weake streames were long before con∣founded, by the predominant salt water. A little within this mouth of Lyner, standeth East-Antony, the poore home of mine ancestours, with which in this maner they were inuested: Sir Iohn Lerchedekne, Knight, and not priest, (for he was so called of his family, and not by his calling, as in Froissard you shall note the like, to be fami∣liar amongst the nobility of Gascoigne) by Cecill, the daughter and heire of Iordan of Haccumb, had issue 9. sonnes, Ralph, Waryne, Richard, Otho, Iohn, Robert, Martyn, Reignald, and Michael. Richard married Ione, the daugh∣ter of Iohn Bosowr, that bare him Thomas, in whome the heires male of this multiplyed hope tooke an end. Wa∣rine, afterwards knighted, tooke to wife Elizabeth, one of the daughters and heires to Iohn Talbot de Castro Ri∣cardi, and on her begate three daughters and heires, Alienor, wedded to Sir Walter Lucy: Margery, to Sir Tho∣mas Arundel of Taluerne: and Philip, to Sir Hugh Court∣ney of Bauncton (which I take, is now named Bocon∣nock.) From Lucy descended the Lord Vaux, and others. Margery dyed childlesse, anno 1419. as is testified by her toomb-stone in West-Antony Church, where shee lyeth buried. Sir Hugh Courtney was second sonne to Ed. Earle of Deuon, & had 2. wiues: the first, Maud, daugh∣ter of the L. Beaumond; to whose children, for want of issue in the elder stock, that Earledome deuolued, & the later, our foreremēbred Philip, who left her inheritance to her only daughter Ione: and she taking a patterne from her fathers fortune, espoused likewise 2. husbands, viz. Sir Nicholas Baron of Carew, and Sir Robert Vere, brother

to Iohn Earle of Oxford: to Sir Nicholas, shee bare Tho∣mas, Nicholas, Hugh, Alexander, and William: to Sir Ro∣bert, Iohn, and became widdow of both. And, as after the fathers decease, good agreement betweene the mo∣ther and eldest sonne hath commonly weake continu∣ance, because both being enfranchised to a sudden ab∣solute iurisdiction, neither of them can easily temper the same with a requisite moderation: so it chaunced, that shee and hers fell at square, which discord (with an vnnaturall extremity) brake forth into a blow, by him no lesse dearly, then vndutifully giuen his mother: for vpon so iust a cause, she disinherited him of all her lands, being seuenteene mannours, and bestowed them on her yonger sonnes. This I learned by the report of Sir Pe∣ter Carew, the elder of that name, and eldest of our stock (a Gentleman, whose rare worth my pen is not able to shaddow, much lesse with his due lineaments to re∣present) at such time, as being a scholler in Oxford, of fourteene yeeres age, and three yeeres standing, vpon a wrong conceyued opinion touching my sufficiency, I was there called to dispute ex tempore (impar congressus Achilli) with the matchles Sir Ph. Sidney, in presence of the Earles, Leycester, Warwick, and diuers other great per∣sonages. By the forementioned conueyance, she dispo∣sed of her sayd mannours as followeth: Haccumb, Ringmore, and Milton, shee gaue to Nicholas: Lyham, Manedon, Combhall, and Southtawton, to Hugh: East-Antony, Shoggebroke, and Landegy, to Alexander: Wicheband, Widebridge, Bokeland, and Bledeuagh, to William: and lastly, Roseworthy, Bosewen, and Tregen∣now, to Iohn: al which she entailed to them, and the issue of their bodies, substituting, for want thereof, the one

to be heire to the other: and in witnes hereof (sayth she in her conueyance) to each of these deedes fiue times indented, I haue set my seale; and because my seale is to many vnknowne, haue procured the seale of the Maior of the Citie of Exon, to be also adioyned.

Thomas her eldest sonne, repayred this losse, in part, by matching with one of Carminowes daughters and heires.

From Nicholas, is descended Carew of Haccumb, who by vertue of this entayle, succeeded also to Hughs porti∣on, as deceasing issuelesse. From William is come Carew of Crocum in Somerset shire, and from Iohn Vere, the now Earle of Oxford, deriueth his pedigree. Alexan∣der maried Elizabeth the daughter of Hatch, and begate Iohn, who tooke to wife Thamesin, one of the daughters and heires of Holland: their sonne Sir Wymond, espoused Martha, the daughter of Edmund, and sister to Sir An∣thony Denny. Sir Wymond had Thomas, the husband of Elizabeth Edgecumb, and they my selfe, linked in matri∣mony with Iulian, daughter to Iohn Arundel of Trerice, and one of the heires to her mother Catherine Cosewarth, who hath made me father of Richard, lately wedded to Briget, daughter of Iohn Chudleigh of Ashton in Deuon.

Touching our stock in generall, and my family in par∣ticular, being once vainly disposed (I would it had bene but once) I made this idle obseruation.

CArew of ancient Carru was, And Carru is a plowe, Romanes the trade, Frenchmen the word, I doe the name auowe. The elder stock, and we a braunch, At Phoebes gouerning,

From fire to sonne, doe waxe and wane, By thrift and lauishing, The fire, not valuing at due price His wealth, it throwes away: The sonne, by seruice or by match, Repaireth this decay. The smelling sence wee sundry want, But want it without lack: For t'is no sense, to wish a weale, That brings a greater wrack. Through natures marke, we owne our babes, By tip of th'upper lip; Black-bearded all the race, saue mine, Wrong dide by mothership. The Barons wife, Arch-deacons heire, Vnto her yonger sonne Saue Antony, which downe to me, By 4. descents hath runne. All which, and all their wiues, exprest A Turtles single loue, And neuer did tha'duentrous change, Of double wedding proue. We are the fift: to swarue herefrom, I will not though I could, As for my wife, God may dispose, Shee shall not, though she would. Our family transplants itselfe, To grow in other shires, And Countrey rather makes then takes, As best behoofe appeares. Children thrice three God hath vs lent, Two sonnes, and then a mayd, By order borne, of which, one third We in the graue haue layd. Our eldest daughter widow fell, Before our yongest borne:

So doe hard haps vnlooked come, So are our hopes forlorne. Mine trebled haue in either sexe, Those which my parents got, And yet but halfed them, which God My graundsire did allot: Whose grace in Court, rarely obtaynd, To th'yongst of those eighteene, Three Kings of England Godfathers, For Godmother, our Queene.

The Armes of our family, are Or. 3. Lyons passant, sable: armed and Langued Gules.

It exceedeth good maners, to inuite your longer stay at our colde harbour; and yet, for that diuers strangers haue, either vpon cause or kindnesse, pretended to like well of a saltwater pond there made; and others, whose dwelling affoordeth a semblable oportunity, may (per∣haps) take some light herefrom, to doe the like: if they be so disposed, I will put my selfe to the payne of parti∣cularly describing it and you may (notwithstanding) at your pleasure, saue the labour of perusing it; wherein I will by the way interlace some notes, for the Imitaters better instruction.

There lyeth a creeke of Ose, betweene two hilles, which deliuering a little fresh rillet into the sea, re∣ceyueth for recompence, a large ouerflowing of the salt water tides. This place is deepened to apond, by casting vp part of the Ose to the heades, part to the middle, and part to the sides: the vpper head stop∣peth out the fresh water, the lower keepeth in the salt: the middle rayseth an Iland for the VVork∣mens

ease, the owners pleasure, and the fishes succour. The Ose thus aduanced, within short space, through the sunne and winde, changeth his former softnes, to a firmer hardnesse. Round about the pond, there is pit∣ched a frith of three foote heighth, sloped inwards, to barre any Otter from issuing, if hee there aduenture his naturall theft, as it would foreclose his entrance, but lose the pastime of his hunting, if the same declined outwards. In one of the corners next the sea, standeth a flood-gate, to bee drawne vp and let downe through reigles in the side postes, whose mouth is encompassed with a double frith, of two foote distance, eche from o∣ther, and their middle space filled vp with small stones: this serueth to let in the salt water, and to keepe in the fish, when the flood-gate is taken vp: and therefore you must not make the frith too close, nor the compasse too little, lest they too much stop the waters passage. It riseth of equall heighth with the banks, & they must outreach the highest full sea mark, by two foot at least: neyther ought your flood-gates foote to stand euen with the pondes bottome, lest emptying the water, it wholly abandon the fish, but must leaue about three foot depth within. In the halfe circle enclosed between the flood∣gate and the compasse frith, there is digged a round pit, of three foot diameter, and foure foot depth, frithed on the sides, which is continually fedde with the water soa∣king from the sayd flood-gate, and serueth to keepe any fish aliue, that you haue before taken, and so to saue ouer often drawing. The flood-gate will hold water best, if his sides bee walled vp with Cob. The pond may not carry one continuall depth; but containe some shallow places, to protect the smaller fish from the greater, and

for them all to play in, when the weather is hote. In the higher banke there is also a flood-gate, to let in the fresh water, during Summer season, which the fish then best affecteth; the rest of the yeere it is carryed away by a trench, for auoyding diuers discommodities.

Thus much for the making: now to the vse. Such as haue the meanes, may best benefit themselues, by letting in the salt water euery tyde, which is easily done, in ma∣king that place, where the water entreth, lower then the bankes and frith, and so suffering the tyde to take his course forth and back, without stop or attendance: and in this case, you may place your flood-gate euen with the floore of your pond, and neuer take it vp, but when you are disposed to view all your store. But mine lieth so high from the mouth of the hauen, as I am driuen to detayne the last prouision, vntill the comming spring∣tyde haue taken two daies encrease; at which time, the floodgate is hoysed vp, the olde water let out, and the new admitted. At full sea downe goeth the flood-gate againe, and there abideth, vntill the next day minister the like ocasion: and after this maner is opened and closed, for sixe dayes in the whole, continuing from thenceforth other ten dayes vnmedled withall, to wit, 8. daies of the neap, & two of the spring. Neither doth al this require ouer-lōg, or busie paines or attēdance: for if the former water be let out (sauing in extreme cold wea∣ther) before any new come in, or stopped somewhat too late, it little skilleth, so as on the last day you keepe the aduantage, which the flood, then at highest, doth giue you.

And all these seruices about my pond, together with sundry other, are performed by an old fellow whome I

keepe for almes, and not for his worke. The best meanes of preuenting leakage, is to let three or foure shouels full of earth fall softly downe, by the inner side of the flood-gate, which will quurt vp his chinkes.

In winter season, sixe foote depth of water, at least, is requisite.

Now touching the fish, this is the maner: When the Pilcherd Sayners cut the most impayred pieces out of their nets, they are bought for a trifle, and serue to make a lesse Sayne, of some 30. or 40. fathom length, and 2. in depth, for this purpose, wherewith, betweene Midsummer and the end of August, when the full sea falleth in the after-noones, my people make draughtes on the shallow places within harbour, and taking small fishes, cast them into the pond: they are kept & brought thither aliue, in a boat halfe full of water, which entreth thorow a little augre hole in the bottome, and so conti∣nueth new. The fish thus taken, are commonly Basse, Millet, Guilthead, Whiting, Smelts, Flouk, Plaice, and Sole. The pond also breedeth Crabs, Eeles, & Shrimps; and (in the beginning) Oysters grew vpon boughs of trees (an Indian miracle) which were cast in thither, to serue as a houer for the fish. The Basse and Millet do also spawn there, but whether they ouerliue their breeders ra∣uening, to any big growth, I am not certayne. The pond will more ouer keepe Shote, Peale, Trought, and Sam∣mon, in seasonable plight, but not in their wonted red∣dish graine. They feed on salt vnmarchantable Pilcherd, small fish, called Brit, and Barne, Tag-wormes, Lugges, little Crabs, & the liuers of beasts: the rest deuoure their meat, but the Millets content themselues with sucking it, and chawing of the sedge. Euery euening they come

to a place certain in the pond, for receiuing their allow∣ed pittance, and in Summer, approche very neere, and in the top of the water plainly discouer themselues. They were first trayned hereunto, by throwing in their bayte at the ponds mouth, as they resorted thither, to take pleasure of the new entring water, and are now become alike tame, with those in the Sicilian riuer Elorus, for which, Leonicus voucheth the testimony of Apollodorus. If they be absent, a knocking, like the chopping of their meat, serueth for a summons to call them, & confirmeth Plynies assertion, that fishes do heare. In the hotest Sum∣mer weather, they swimme with the ryme of the water; and in the Winter, keepe the depth. Lymy, or thicke puddelly water, killeth them: they grow very fast, and fatte, which also bettereth their taste, and deliuereth them to the demaunders ready vse, at all seasons, season∣able.

They are takē generally, by a little Sayne net: specially the Eeles in weelies: the Flowks, by groping in the sād, at the mouth of the pond, where (about Lent) they bury themselues to spawn; & the Basse and Millet by angling.

The pleasure which I took at my friends pleasure here∣in, idlely busied me thus to expresse the same.

I Wayt not at the Lawyers gates, Ne shoulder clymets downe the stayres; I vaunt not manhood by debates, I enuy not the misers feares: But meane in state, and calme in sprite, My fishfull pond is my delight. Where equall distant Iland viewes His forced banks, and Otters cage:

Where salt and fresh the poole renues, As Spring and drowth encrease or swage: Where boat presents his seruice prest, And well become the fishes nest: There sucking Millet, swallowing Basse, Side-walking Crab, wry-mouthed Flooke, And slip-fist Eele, as euenings passe, For safe bayt at due place doe looke: Bold to approche, quick to espy, Greedy to catch, ready to fly. In heat the top, in cold the deepe: In spring the mouth, the mids in neap: With changelesse change by shoales they keepe, Fat, fruitfull, ready, but not cheap: Thus meane in state, and calme in sprite, My fishfull pond is my delight.

And againe.

STench-louing Flies, their father heat, On mother, moysture doth beget, Who feeling force of Sunne too great, Their course vnto some water set, There meane of calmy ayre to proue, Twixt coole below and warmth aboue. But carelesse of foresight in weale, The euening deaw droplodes their wing, So forst, downe falne, for flight to sayle, With buzzing moane their bane they sing, Fluttering in waue, swimming in ayre, That, weake to drowne, and this, to beare. While thus they can nor liue nor dye, Nor water-gieu'd, escape away,

The fish and swallowes it espie, And both them challenge for their pray; The fish as caught within their toyle, The Swallowes as their kindely spoyle. The fish, like Swallowes, mount on high, The Swallowes, fish-like diue in waue, These, finlesse swimme, those, winglesse fly, One bent their diuers ventures haue, Fish in the drye, Swallowes in wet, By kinde 'gainst kinde their prey to get. Their push a bubble vp doth reare, The bubble driues the Fly to brinke: So Fish in vaine deuoure the ayre, Swallowes in vayne the water drinke, While Fly escapes, this sport I take. Where pond doth th'Ocean captiue make.

I carried once a purpose, to build a little woodden banqueting house, on the Iland in my pond, which be∣cause some other may (perhaps) elsewhere put in exe∣cutiō, it wil not do much amisse, to deliuer you the plot, as the same was deuised for mee, by that perfectly ac∣complished gentleman, the late Sir Arthure Champer∣nowne.

The Iland is square, with foure rounds at the cor∣ners, like Mount-Edgecumb. This should first haue bene planched ouer and rayled about, with ballisters. In the midst, there should haue risen a boorded roome, of the like fashion, but lesser proportion, so to leaue sufficient space betweene that and the rayles for a walke round a∣bout: this square roome should within side haue bene sieled roundwise, and in three of the places where

the round ioyned with the square, as many windowes should haue bene set; the fourth should haue serued for a dore. Of the 4. turrets, shut out by this round, one should haue made a kitchin, the second, a store-house, to keepe the fishing implements, the third, a buttery, & the fourth a stayre, for ascending to the next loft: which next loft should haue risen on the flat roofe of the low∣er, in a round forme, but of a lesser size againe, so to leaue a second Tarras, like the other: and as the square roome below was sieled round, so should this vpper round roome be sieled square, to the end, that where the side walles and sieling ioyned, three windowes and a doore might likewise find their places. The voyd spa∣ces betweene the round and square, hee would haue turned to Cupboardes and boxes, for keeping other necessary vtensiles, towards these sishing feasts.

Ouer-against this pond, lyeth beggers Iland, so called (as our neighbours relate) euer since my great grandsire espying 2. of that idle occupation, at a hote combate on the shore, while he was rowing homewards from Salt∣ash, tooke them into his boat, & there set them on land, to try (as in a lists) the vttermost of their quarrell: which place they could not quir, vntil the low water should en∣franchise them by wading & the respite, vent out the aly e fume of their fury.

About 40. yeres agoe, it chanced, that a boat ouer∣fraighted with people, in rowing downe the riuer from Saltash market, was by the extreme weather, sunk, neere to a place called Henpoint, and all the folke drowned, sa∣uing one onely woman, named Agnes, the wife of one Cornish, whome it pleased God so to protect and direct, that in her first popping vp againe (which most liuing

things accustome) shee espyed the boat (after it had dis∣charged his burtlien) risen likewise, and floting by her, full of water, whereon she got holde, sate astride vpon one of his sides, and by the winde and tyde, was vnusu∣ally, and almost miraculously driuen athwart the cha∣nell, to a place called Wilcoue, where shee no sooner stepped ashore, but the boat (as hauing done his enioy∣ned errand) presently recommitted itself to the stormes disposition.

The woman thus freed from one perill at sea, aduen∣tured another of little lesse consequence at land; for be∣ing not yet throughly restored to her sēse, she clymed vp the cliffe in such a steepe place, as the very consideration thereof, doth euer sithence halfe amaze the beholders. But that ground was foreordained to her good: for not long after, her husband tooke the same, with the rest of the tenement, in lease; and it now serueth her for a dwelling, and many others, by her charitie, for a re∣liefe.

Her sayd husband, & their two onely sonnes, at seue∣rall times, by one kind of misfortune, found their buriall in the waues.

The Oysters dredged in this Lyner, finde a welcomer acceptance, where the taste, & not appetite, is Cater for the stomack, then those of the adioyning Tamer, which groweth (as I coniecture) because Lyners lesser streame leaueth them to bee seasoned, with a more kindely and better relished saltnes.

The next parish vpō this riuer, is called Sheuiock, som∣times the anciēt Dannyes inheritance & inhabitance: by whose daughter & heire, the same (together with other faire possessions) descended to the Earles of Deuon. In

the church there lie two Knights of that name, and one of their ladies by her husbands side, hauing their pic∣tures embossed on their tombes in the side walles, and their Armes once painted round about; but now by the malice, not of men, but of time, defaced. They are held to be father and sonne, and that the sonne slayne in our warres with Fraunce, was from thence brought home to be here interred. There runneth also a tale amongst the parishioners, how one of these Dannyes ancestours vndertook to build the Church, and his wife the barne adioyning, and that, casting vp their accounts, vpon fini∣shing of their workes, the barne was found to cost three halfepence more then the Church: and so it might well fall out: for it is a great barne and a little Church.

In this parish standeth Crasthole, which by the high site, might more fitly be termed Open hill, a poore vil∣lage, but a much frequented thorow-fare, somewhat in∣famous, not vpon any present desert, but through an in∣ueterate byword, viz. that it is peopled with 12. dwel∣lings and 13. cuckolds: for as the dwellings are more then doubled, so (I hope) the cuckolds are lesse then sin∣gled.

Howsoeuer, many wayfarers make themselues glee, by putting the Inhabitants in minde of this priuiledge; who againe, especially the women (like the Campelli∣ans in the North, and the London Bargers) forslow not to baigne them (vnlesse they plead their heels the faster) with a worse perfume, then Iugurth found fault with in the dungeon, where the Romanes buried him aliue, to attend his languishing and miserable death.

Vpon Sheuiock abbutteth S. Germanes, the greatest parish in Cornwall, if you ioyne to the store of people,

the quantity and quality of the soyle, wherethrough it affoordeth commodious dwellings to sundry ancient Gentlemen, and wealthy Farmours▪ amongst which first sort, I may not (without withdrawing my testimo∣ny due to venue) omit M. George Keckwitch of Catch-French, a house so named (by likelyhood) for some for∣mer memorable, though now forgotten accident, whose continuall, large, and inquisitiue liberality to the poore, did in the late deare yeres, extraordinarily extend it selfe to an inuiting emulation, but beyond the apprehensiue imitation of any other in the shire. He hath issue by Blanch the daughter of Sir Frauncis Godolphin: his fa∣ther George, maried Buller: his graundsire their ancient dwelling was in Essex, where this Gentle∣man enioyeth fayre possessions, & beareth for his armes, Ar. two Lyons in bend passant Sa. cotised, G.

The Church towne mustreth many inhabitants, and sundry ruines, but little wealth, occasioned eyther through abandoning their fishing trade, as some con∣ceiue, or by their being abandoned of the religious peo∣ple, as the greater sort imagine: for in former times, the Bishop of Cornwals See, was from S. Petrocks in Bodmyn, remooued hither; as from hence, when the Cornish Dio∣ces vnited with Deuon, it passed to Crediton: and lastly, from thence to Excester. But this first losse receyued re∣liefe through a succeeding Priory, which at the general suppression, changing his note with his coate, is now na∣med Port Eliot, and by the owners charity distributeth, pro virili, the almes accustomably expected and expen∣ded at such places. Neither will it (I thinke) much dis∣please you to heare, how the gentlemans ancestour, of whom master Eliot bought it, came by the same,

Iohn Champernowne, sonne and heire apparant to Sir Philip of Deuon, in H. the 8. time; followed the Court, and through his pleasant conceits, of which much might be spoken, wan some good grace with the King. Now when the golden showre of the dissolued Abbey lands, rayned welnere into euery gapers mouth, some 2. or 3. gentlemen, the Kings seruants, and master Champer∣nownes acquaintance, waited at a doore where the King was no passe forth, with purpose to beg such a matter at his hands: Our gentleman became inquisitiue to know their suit: they made strange to impart it. Thi•• ••••hile, out comes the King: they kneele down, so doth master Champernowne: they preferre their petition; the King graunts it: they render humble thanks, and so doth M. Champernowne: afterwards, he requireth his share; they deny it; he appeales to the King: the King avoweth his equall meaning in the largesse; whereon the ouertaken companions were fayne to allot him this Priory for his partage.

The parish Church answereth in bignesse, the large proportion of the parish, & the surplusage of the Priory; a great part of whose chauncell anno 1592. fel suddenly downe, vpon a Friday, very shortly after publike seruice was ended, which heauenly fauour, of so little respite, sa∣ued many persons liues; with whō immediately before, it had bene stuffed: and the deuout charges of the well disposed parishioners quickly repayred this ruine.

At the townes end, Cuddenbeak, an anciēr house of the Bishops, from a well aduaunced Promontory; which in∣tituled it Beak, taketh a pleasant prospect of the riuer.

In this parish lyeth Bake, the mansion of the foreremē∣bred M. Ro. Moyle, who maried Anne daughter of M. Lock,

as he did mistris Vaughan, a Gentlewoman suppressing her rare learning, with a rarer modesty, & yet expressing the same in her vertuous life and Christian decease. Iohn father to Robert maried Agnes, daughter of Semtabyn: and his father 〈…〉〈…〉 daughter of Forteskew, to whom that dwelling first descended. He beareth for his Armes G. a Moyle passant, Ar. A part of this parish confineth on the maine sea, & offreth a faire landing place, called Seaton, howbeit, by a handsome fence forbidding any foes inuasion: it is ouerlooked, vpon the one side of the riuer (which there dischargeth his streame into the Ocean) by Keuerel, the ancient house of the Langdons, Gent. in former times, of faire reuennues, whose Armes are Ar. a Cheuron betweene 3. Beares heads erased Sa. The house perhaps, borowing his name of Che••ereal, al French word, signifying a wild Goat (as those high elifs affoord them a commodious inhabitance) and on the o∣ther, by Tregonnock, the dwelling of M. Tho, Smith, who in a quiet & honest retirednes, findeth that contentmet, which many ambitious heads far and wide doe vainely seeke for: he maried Tre〈…〉〈…〉 his father Robert

one of the daughters and heires to Killigrew: and his sonne Iohn, Priscilla the daughter of M. Geo. Wadham. His Armes, B. a Soultier Ar. betweene 4. Martlets O.

Leauing S. Germanes, and passing through Laurake parish, in which M. Peter Courtney hath an high seated house, called Wottō, you descend to Noddet or bridge, where the riuer Lyner first mingleth his fresh streame with the brinish waues touching whose name and qua∣lity, one delighted in the solitary solace of his banks, & more affecting his owne recreation, then hunting after any others good liking, descanted thus:

WHo first gaue Lyners name, Or from what cause it came, Hard 'tis for certaine to expresse: Experience yet directs, By tryall of effects, Thereatto ayme, and frame a gesse, Is't, that as she thee bear'th, So thou doest line the earth, With purfeld streames of blew and white: Or, at a line doth guide, So thou doest leuell slide, And throw'st into the sea thy mite? Is't, that with twisted line, The Angler doth vntwine The fishes life, by giuing-breath. Or, as the threshing lout, Rusheth his Lyners out, So Lyner on his course rushetht, Or, as some puppy feat, Liueth a mastiue great, And getteth whelps of mongrell kinde: Lyner, the sea so lines, And streame with waue combines, Begetting waters freshly brin'de.

Item.

WHen Sunne the earth least shadow spares, And highest stalles in heauen his seat, Then Lyners peeble bones he bares, Who like a lambe, doth lowly blear, And faintly sliding euery rock, Plucks from his foamy fleece a lock.

Before, a riuer, now a rill, Before, a fence, now searce a bound:

Children him ouer-leape at will, Small beasts, his deepest bottome sound. The heauens with brasse enarch his head, And earth, of yron makes his bed.

But when the milder-mooded skie, His face in mourning weedes doth wrap, For absence of his clearest die, And drops teares in his Centers lap, Lyner gynnes Lyon-like to roare, And scornes old bankes should bound him more.

Then, second Sea, he rolles, and bear's, Rockes in his wombe, riekes on his backe. Downe-borne bridges, vptorne wear's, Witnesse, and wayle, his force, their wracke. Into mens houses fierce he breakes, And on each stop, his rage he wreakes.

Shepheard adiew's his swymming flocke, The Hinde his whelmed haruest hope, The strongest rampire fear's his shocke, Plaines scarce oan serue to giue him scope, Nor hils a barre; whereso he stray'th, Ensue, losse, terrour, ruine, death.

In following the course of Lyner, you fall downe by Master Bonds auncient house of Earth, descended to his auncesters, from the daughter and heire of that name, to that of Master Wiuels, newly and fayrely builded, on which abbutteth Ma. Bullers Shillingham, not so much beholden to the owners inhabitance, as to natures plea∣sant and commodious seating.

Bond married with Fountaine, his father with Fits: his

Armes are Ar. on a Cheuron Sa. three Befants.

Next, wee take view of Trematon Castle, as it doth of the Hauen, and Countrie adioyning. It is, or rather was, one of the Dukes foremencioned foure houses: for now all the inner buildings are sunke into ruine: onely∣there remaine the Iuie-tapissed wals of the Keepe, and base Court, and a poore dwelling for the keeper of the Gayle, to which prisoners are brought vpon actions, from al places, appurtenāt to that large Lordship, if they cannot by suretiship discharge themselues, from the Bai∣liefes arrest.

I haue receiued information, from one auerring eye∣witnes, that about fourescore yeres since, there was dig∣ged vp in the Parish Chauncell, a Leaden coffin, which being opened, shewed the proportion of a verie bigge man, but when the hands went about to ascertaine themselues, as well as their eyes, the body verified, that Omnis caro puluis. The partie farder told me, how, a wri∣ting graued in the Lead, expressed the same to bee the burial of a Duke, whose heire was maried to the prince. But who it should bee, I cannot deuise, albeit my best pleasing coniecture, lighteth vpon Orgerius, because his daughter was married to Edgar.

At the last Cornish commotion, S. Richard Greynuile the elder did, with his Ladie and followers, put themselues into this Castle, & there for a while indured the Rebels siege, incamped in three places against it, who wanting great Ordinance, could haue wrought the besieged small scathe, had his friends, or enemies, kept faith and promise: but some of those within; slipping by night ouer the wals, with their bodies after their hearts, and those without, mingling humble intreatings with rude

menaces, he was hereby wonne, to issue forth at a po∣sterne gate for patley. The while, a part of thoserake∣hels, not knowing what honestie, and farre lesse, how much the word of a souldier imported, stepped be∣tweene him and home, laid hold on his aged vnweyl∣die body, and threatned to leaue it liuelesse, if the in∣closed did not leaue their resistance. So prosecuting their first treacherie against the prince, with suteable actions towards his subiects, they seized on the Castle, and exercised the vttermost of their barbarous crueltie (death excepted) on the surprised prisoners. The seely Gentlewomen, without regard of sexe or shame, were stripped from their apparrell to their verie smockes, and some of their fingers broken, to plucke away their rings, and Sir Richard himselfe made an exchange from Trematon Castle, to that of Launceston, with the Gayle to boote.

This Castle vaunteth the Lord Warden his steward by Patent, Master Anthonie Rouse his Baylife by inheri∣tance, and Richard Carew of Antony his keeper by lease. Of the ancient officers, one yet retayneth the name, though not the place, viz. M. Porter, to whose ancestor, when Vantor was L. thereof, one by a deed before date, gaue land, lying without the gate, by the title of Russell Ianitori de Trematon, which he still enioyeth. M. Porters Armes are Sa. Three Belles Ar. a Canton Erm.

It standeth in S. Stephens parish: the sheafe whereof, together with other farre reuennues, M. George Wadham enioying in the right of his wife, the daughter and heire to master Hechins, liberally bestoweth in continuall hospitalitie.

Master Hechins Armes, are Sa. a crosse Fleurty,

quarterly B. and G. betweene 4. Lyons heades erased Sa. langued of the second. M. Wadhams, G. a Cheuron betweene three Roses Ar.

The same parish also compriseth Saltash, in olde wri∣tings, called Villa de Esse; Esse his towne: and such Gen∣tlemen there haue bene of ancient descent and faire re∣uennues. The word Salt, is added thereunto, because it standeth on the sea, & to distinguish it from other pla∣ces of the same name. It is seated on the declyning of a steep hill, consisteth of three streets, which euery showre washeth cleane, compriseth betweene 80. and 100. households, vnderlyeth the gouernment of a Maior & his 10. brethren, and possesseth sundry large priuiledges ouer the whole hauen, to wit, an yeerely rent of boates and barges appertayning to the harbour, ancorage of strange shipping, crowning of dead persons, laying of arrests, and other Admirall rights, besides electing of Burgesses for the Parliaments, benefit of the passage, foreclosing all others, saue themselues, from dredging of Oysters, except betweene Candlemas and Easter, weckely markets, halfe-yeerely fayres, &c.

The towne is of late yeeres well encreased and ador∣ned with buildings, & the townsmen addict themselues to the honest trade of marchandise, which endoweth them with a competent wealth. Some 7. or 8. ships be∣long thereunto.

It was not long since, that the neighbour-ministers suc∣cessiuely bestowed their paines in preaching there, on the market daies, and the bordering gentlemen yeelded their presence. Sermon ended, the Preachers resorted to one ordinary, and the Gentlemen to another. This affoorded commendable effects to many works of loue

and charity: but, with the retorted blame, from one to another, it is now wholly giuen ouer.

Heere, that great Carrack, which Sir Frauncis Drake surprised, in her returne from the East Indies, vnloded her frayght, and through a negligent fyring met with an vnproper ending.

In this towne also dwelleth one Grisling, deafe from a long time, who, besides his merry conceites, of coun∣terseyting by signes (like the Romane Pantamimi) any kinde of occupation or exercise, hath a strange quality, to vnderstand what you say, by marking the mouing of your lips, especially if you speake deliberately of any or∣dinary matter, so as (contrary to the rules of nature, and yet without the helpe of arte) he can see words as they passe forth of your mouth: and of this I haue caused him to giue often experiments.

And if Plyny now liued, I suppose he would affoord a roome, in his natural History, to a dogge of this town, who (as I haue learned by the faithfull report of master Thomas Parkins) vsed daily to fetch meate at his house there, and to carry the same vnto a blinde mastiffe, that lay in a brake without the towne: yea, (that more is) hee would vpon Sundayes conduct him thither to dynner, and, the meale ended, guide him back to his couch and couert againe.

I had almost forgotten to tell you, that there is a well in this towne, whose water will neuer boyle peason to a seasonable softnes.

At the foot of Saltash, there abbutteth vpon the sea, a rock, called Ashtorre, alias, Esses Torre, which is inuested with the iurisdiction of a mannour, and claymeth the sultes of many Gentlemen, as his freeholders in Knights

seruice. Belowe this, there is a rock on eche side of the riuer, the one termed the Bull, the other the Hen; that on Deuon, this on Cornwall side. The Hen standeth a lit∣tle distant from the shore, which giueth occasion to a Packe, how between it and the land, the Queenes grea∣test ship may saile; but it is meant of the farther distant.

Aboue Saltash, Cargreen, a fisher towne, sheweth it selfe, but can hardly muster a meane plight of dwellings or dwellers: so may their care be greene, because their wealth is withered.

Neere thereunto is Clifton, a neat seated house, ap∣pertayning to one of the Arundels, descended by a yonger brother, from those of Trerice: he maried Hill, his father, Cole.

Neither hath your eye searcely quitted that, when it re∣ceiueth Halton, the pleasant and commodious dwelling of M. Anthony Rouse, both which benefits, he employeth to a kind & vninterrupted entertainment of such, as visit him vpō his not spare inuiting, or their owne occasions, who (without the selfe guilt of an vngratefull wrong) must witnes, that his frankenesse confirmeth their wel∣come, by whatsoeuer meanes, prouision, the fewell of hospitality, can in the best maner supply. His aunces∣tours were Lords of little Modbury in Deuon, before the descent of times grew to a distinguishment, by the date of writings: which mannour, together with other lands, through a lineall succession, fell to be possessed by Raphe, Wil. Raphe, Iohn, Wil. Raphe, and Raphe, whose daughter and heire Elizabeth, bestowed the same, with her selfe, vpon the family of the Dimocks. Robert, second sonne to the last mentioned Raphe, saue one, had issue Will. who maried Alice, the daughter and heire of Tho.

of Edmerston. Wil. had another Wil. and he had Iohn, and Iohn againe had Wil. This Wil. had Roger, who vpon Iulian, sister and coheire of Iohn Hill of Fleet, begat Iohn and Richard, father to the Gentleman now liuing, and he matched with Elizabeth, daughter of Thomas Southcott, and one of the heires to her mother, the daughter of Barnehouse: besides which, hee succeeded to his vncle Iohns inheritance, who deceased issuelesse: and being yet scarcely entred the limits of an healthfull olde age, seeth his pedigree extended into two farther descents. As for those outreaching mans memory, I haue seene them very sufficiently verified: his Armes are, O. an Eagle displayed B. pruning her wing, armed and lan∣gued G.

Vpon the top of a creek hereby, lyeth Crocadon, the mansion of M. Treuisa, a Gent. deriuing himselfe from the ancient and weldeseruing Chronicler of that name: he beareth G. a garbe O.

A mile aboue Halton, standeth Cuttayle, another house of M. Edgecumbs, so named (as wee may coniec∣ture) of the French Courtaile, in English, short cut; be∣cause here, the salt water course is straightned, by the in∣croching banks. The buildings are ancient, large, strong and fayre, and appurtenanced with the necessaries of wood, water, fishing, parks, and mils, with the deuotion of (in times past) a rich furnished Chappell, and with the charity of almes-houses for certaine poore people, whom the owners vsed to releeue. It is reported, & cre∣dited thereabouts, how Sir Ric. Edgecumb the elder, was driuen to hide himself in those his thick woods, which ouerlook the riuer, what time being suspected of fauou∣ring the Earle of Richmonds party, against King R. the 3. hee was hotely pursued, and narrowely searched for.

Which extremity taught him a sudden policy, to put a stone in his cap, & tumble the same into the water, while these rangers were fast at his heeles, who looking downe after the noyse, and seeing his cap swimming thereon, supposed that he had desperatly drowned himselfe, gaue ouer their farther hunting, and left him liberty to shift away, and ship ouer into Brittaine: for a gratefull re∣membrance of which deliuery, hee afterwards builded in the place of his lurking, a Chappell, not yet vtterly decayed.

And thus hauing coasted the Cornish side of Plym∣mouth hauen, I hold it not amisse, to make report of such great voyages, as, by the memory of our Chronicles, or our owne view, from this harbour, tooke their begin∣ning or ending.

Heere the neuer inough commended black Prince, attended by the Earles of Warwick, Suffolk, Sarisbury, and Oxford, the Lord Chandos and others, committed him∣selfe to the sea, with a nauy of 300. bottoms, for landing and maintayning his fathers right in France; and hither, after his glorious battell at Poictiers, he returned, with the captiue French King and his nobles.

Here the Lady Katherine, daughter to the King of Spaine, and wife to our Prince Arthur, tooke land, at her first arriuall in England.

Heere shipped himselfe, the Lord Darcy, sent by King Henry the 8. with a lusty crew of soldiers, for that Ferdi∣nands iust assistance, against the Infidels: but vsed by him as a stale, for the vniust conquest of Christian Nauar.

Here, mostly, haue the troups of aduenturers, made their Rendez vous, for attempting newe discoueries or

inhabitances: as, Tho. Stukeleigh, for Florida, Sir Humfrey Gilbert for Newfound-land, Sir Rich. Greynuile for Vir∣ginea, Sir Martyn Frebisher, and Master Dauies, for the North-west passage, Sir Walter Raleigh for Guiana, &c.

Here, Count Mongomery made forth, with a more commendable meaning, then able meanes, or welspee∣ding effect, for relieuing the hard besieged, and sore dis∣tressed Rochellers.

Here, Sir Fra. Drake first extended the point of that liquid line, wherewith (as an emulator of the Sunnes glorie) he encompassed the world.

Here, Master Candish began to second him, with a like heroicall spirit, and fortunate successe.

Here, Don Antonio, King of Portugall, the Earles of Cumberland, Essex, and Notingham, the Lord Warden of the Stanneries, Sir Iohn Norrice, Sir Iohn Hawkins (and who elsewhere, and not here?) haue euer accustomed to cut sayle, in carrying defiance, against the imaginarie new Monarch; and heere to cast anker, vpon their re∣turne with spoyle and honour.

I omit the infinite swarme of single ships, and pettie fleetes, dayly heere manned out to the same effect.

And here, in eightie eight, the foreremembred Lord Admirall expected, and set forth, against that heauen∣threatning Armado, which, to bee tainted with the shamefuller disgrace, and to blaze our renoume with the brighter lustre, termed it selfe, Inuincible. But I may not grow ouer-lasciuious in extolling.

King R. the 2. Anno 5. of his raigne, by Act of Par∣liament, restrained all passengers from shipping them∣selues in any other Ports thē such as are there set down: of which Plymmouth was one.

From Plymmouth hauen, passing farther into the coun∣trie, Hengsten downe presenteth his waste head and sides to our sight. This name it boroweth of Hengst, which in the Saxon signifieth a horse, & to such least daintie beasts it yeeldeth fittest pasture. The countrie people haue a by word, that,

Hengsten downe, well ywrought, Is worth London towne, deare ybought.

Which grewe from the store of Tynne, in former times, there digged vp: but that gainfull plentie is now fallen to a scant-sauing scarcitie. Those workes afford store of the formentioned Cornish Diamonds. The neigh∣boring Inhabitants obserue also, that when the top of Hengsten is capped with a cloud, the same boadeth a showre within short time after.

Roger Ho••••den reporteth, that about Anno 806. a fleete of Danes arriued in West-wales, with whome the Welsh ioyned in insurrection against king Egbright, but hee gloriously discomfited them, at Hengistendune, which I take to bee this place (if at least West-wales may, by interpretation, passe for Cornwall) because the other prouince, of that name, is more commonly diui∣ded into North and South.

This down is edged by Carybullock, sometimes a parke of the Dukes, but best brooking that name, now it hath lost his qualitie, through exchaunging Deere for Bul∣locke.

A little aside from hence, lyeth Landwhitton, now Lawhitton, which (as I haue elsewhere noted) was ex∣empted vnto Edwulff Bishop of Creditune, from the Cornish Diocesse, to which yet, both for the temporal∣tie, and spiritualtie, the same oweth present subiection.

Mary, into what new names Pontiū & Coilleng there also mentioned, are now metamorphized, I must say amplio.

Those buildings commonly knowne by the name of Lauriston, and written Lanceston, are by the Cornishmen, called Lesteeuan (Lez in Cornish signifieth broad, & those are scatteringly erected) and were anciently termed Lan∣staphadon, by interpretation, S. Stephens Church: they consist of two boroughs, Downeuet and Newport: that (perhaps so called) of downe yeeding, as hauing a steep hill this, of his newer erection. With them ioyne the parishes of S. Thomas & S. Stephens. The parish Church of Launceston it selfe, fetcheth his title of dedication, from Mary Magdalen, whose image is curiously hewed in a side of the wall, and the whole Church fayrely builded.

The towne was first founded (saith M. Hooker) by Ea∣dulphus, brother to Alpsius, Duke of Deuon and Cornwall, and by his being girded with a wall, argueth in times past to haue caried some valew.

A newe increase of wealth, expresseth it selfe in the Inhabitants late repayred and enlarged buildings. They are gouerned by a Maior, and his scarlet-robde bre∣thren, and reape benefit by their fayres and markets, and the County Assizes. The Statute of 32. Henry 8. which tooke order touching Sanctuaries, endowed this towne with the priuiledge of one, but I find it not tur∣ned to any vse.

To the town there is adioynant in site, but sequestred in iurisdiction, an ancient Castle, whose steepe rocky-footed Keepe, hath his top enuironed with a treble wal, and in regard thereof, men say, was called, Castle terri∣ble. The base court compriseth a decayed Chappell, a

large hall, for holding the shire. Assizes, the Constables dwelling house, and the common Gayle.

About 60 yeeres past, there were found certaine lea∣ther coynes in the Castle wall, whose faire stamp and strong substance, till then resisted the assault of time, as they would now of couetousnesse.

A little without the towne, were founded a Friery, and anno 1128. an Abbey, furthered by Reignald Earle of Cornwall.

About 2. miles distant from Launceston, Penheale man∣nour coasteth the high way, claiming the right of anciēt demain, & sometimes appertaining to the Earles of Hun∣tingdon, but purchased not long sithence by the late M. George Greinuile, who descended from a yonger bro∣ther of that family, and through his learning and wis∣dome, aduanced his credit to an especiall good regard in his Countrey. He maried Iulian, one of the 6. daugh∣ters and heires of William Viel: and Iane, the daughter to Sir Iohn Arundel of Trerne. Richard his father tooke to wife, one of Kelwayes heires; and Degory his graund-father, one of the inheritors to Tregarthen: which helps, together with his owne good husbandry, haue endow∣ed his sonne with an elder brothers liuelyhood: he bea∣reth G. three Restes O.

In Lezant parish heereby, master Christopher Harris owneth a third part of Trecarell (the proiect and onset of a sumptuous building) as coheire to the last Gentle∣man of that name, but admitteth no partner in the sweetly tempered mixture of bounty and thrift, graui∣ty and pleasantnes, kindnesse and stoutnes; which grace all his actions. Hee beareth Sa. three Croissants within aborder A.

Neither may wee forget Master Coringtons house of Newton, old to him by succession, yet new, in respect of his owne antiquitie: diuers his auncestors haue rea∣ped the praise and reputation of a stayed carriage, how∣beit one of them, through his rash, but merrie prankes, is to this day principally remembred, by the name of the mad Corington. I haue heard him deliuer an obser∣uation, that, in eight liniall descents, no one borne heire of his house euer succeeded to the land: hee beareth A. a Saultier Sa.

Trebigh, a priuiledged franchise, is by his Lord, Ma∣ster William Wray, conuerted to a generall welcomer of his friends and neighbours. Hee married the daughter of Sir William Courtney: his father the coheire of Killi∣grew. Hee beareth Sa. a Fesse betweene three battel∣axes A.

Poole, for his low and moyst seate, is not vnaptly na∣med, houseth Sir Ionathan Trelawny, farre beneath his worth & calling: he married Sir Henry Killigrews daugh∣ter: his father, the coheire of Reskimer: his graundfather Lamellyns Inheritrix.

Poole standeth in Mynhinet parish, where Sir Ionathan hath a large priuiledged Mānour of the same name: the Benefice is giuen by Excester Colledge in Oxford, none but the fellowes admittable, wherethrough it hath sccessiuely beene graced, with three well borne, well learned, and welbeloued Incumbents; Doctor Tre∣mayne, Master Billet, and Master Denis. Out of Sir Iona∣thans house is also descended Master Edward Trelawny, a Gentleman qualified with many good parts. Their armes are A. a Cheuron, S. betweene three Oke-leaues Vert.

Sundrie other Gent. rest beholden to this hundred, for their dwellings, who, in an enuiable mediocritie of fortune, do happilie possesse themselues, and communi∣cate their sufficient means to the seruice of their prince, the good of their neighbours, and the bettering of their own estate: of which sort are, M. Becket, who beareth S. a Fesse, betweene three Boares heads coped, sixe Cros∣ses crosselet Fichee. O. M. Tregodecke, who beareth A. a Cheuron betweene three Buckles S. M. Spurre. G. on a Cheuron. O. a rose of the first, and 2. mullets pearnd S. M. Bligh B. a Griffon legreant O. armed G. betweene 3. Croissants A. M. Lower B. a Cheuron engrayled O. be∣tweene three Roses A. M. Treuisa G. a garb O. M. Chiuer∣ton A. a Castle S. standing on a hill V. Manaton. A on a Bend S. three mullets of the field, and some others.

Stratton Hundred.

STratton Hundred extendeth the breadth of Corne∣wall, to the North, as that of East beginneth it on the South, and therefore it shall next succeede. His circuit is slender, but his fruitfulnesse great, and the Inhabi∣tants industrie commendable, who reape a large bene∣fit from their orchyards and gardens, but specially from their Garlick (the Countreymans Triacle) which they vent, not onely into Cornwall, but many other shires besides.

Stratton, the onely market towne of this Hundred, gaue the same his name, and (if I mistake not) taketh it from Strota, a street: other memorable matter to report thereof, I finde not any.

Vpon one side of the towne, lyeth master Chamonds

house and place of Launcels, so called, for that it was sometimes a Cell, appertaining to the Abbot of Hart∣lond.

This Gentlemans father, late deceased, receiued at Gods hands, an extraordinarie fauour, of long life.

Hee serued in the office of a Iustice of peace, almost 60. yeeres.

He knew aboue 50. seuerall Iudges of the westerne cercuit.

He was vncle, and great vncle to at least 300. where∣in yet, his vncle and neighbour, master Greynuile, par∣son of Kilkhampton, did exceed him.

He married one of the daughters and heires of Tre∣uenuer, and by her saw fiue sonnes, and two daughters, the yongest out-stepping 40. yeeres.

Sir Iohn Chamond his father, a man learned in the com∣mon lawes, was knighted at the Sepulchre, and by dame Iane, widdowe to Sir Iohn Arundell of Trerice, and daughter to Sir Thomas Greynuile, had an elder sonne cal∣led Thomas, whose two daughters, and heires, by Arscot; caried part of the lands, to Tripcony, and Treuanion, with whome they matched.

Master Chamond beareth A. a Cheuron betweene 3. flowers de Luce: G.

In Launcels parish, also, standeth Norton, the house of M. Tristram Arscot, a Gēt. who by his trauailing abroad in his yonger yeres, hath the better enabled himselfe, to discharge his calling at home. He tooke to wife Eulalia, the widdow of the wise, and vertuous M. Edmond Tre∣mayne, and daughter of Sir Iohn Sentleger, whose stately house of Anery, in Deuon, he purchased, & thither hath lately remoued his residence; he beareth party per Che∣uron B. et E. in chiefe two stagges heads cabased O.

Vpon the North-sea, thereby, bordereth Stow, so singly called, Rer eminentiam, as a place of great and good marke & scope, and the auncient dwelling of the Greynuiles famous family, from whence are issued diuers male branches, and whither the females haue brought in a verie populous kinred. Master Bernard Greinuile, sonne and heire to Sir Richard, is the present owner, and in a kind magnanimitie, treadeth the honourable steps of his auncestors.

Tonacumb, late the house of Master Iohn Kempthorne, alias, Lea, who married Katherine, the daughter of Sir Peers Courtney, is, by his issuelesse decease, descended to his brothers sonne: hee beareth A. three Pine-apple trees V.

Returning to the Westwards, wee meete with Bude, an open sandie Bay, in whose mouth riseth a little hill, by euerie sea-floud made an Iland, and thereon, a de∣cayed Chappell: it spareth roade onely to such small shipping, as bring their tide with them, and leaueth them drie, when the ebbe hath carried away the Salt∣water.

Vpon one side hereof, Master Arundel of Trerice possesseth a pleasant-seated house, and demaines, called Efford, alias, Ebbingford, and that not vnproperly, be∣cause euerie low water, there affordeth passage to the other shore: but now it may take a new name, for his better plight: for this Gentleman hath, to his great charges, builded a Salt-water Mill, athwart this Bay, whose causey serueth, as a verie conuenient bridge, to saue the way-farers former trouble, let, and daunger. It is receiued by tradition, that his belsire, Sir Iohn Arun∣del, was forewarned, by I wot not what Calker,

how he should bee slaine on the sands. For auoyding which encounter, he alwaies shunned Efford, & dwelt at Trerice, another of his houses. But, as the prouerb sayth, Fata viam inuenient, and as experience teacheth mens curiosity, Fato viam sternit. It hapned, that what time the Earle of Oxford surprized S. Michaels mount by policy, and kept the same by strong hand, this Sir Iohn Arundel was Sherife of Cornwall, wherethrough, vpon duety of his office, and commaundement from the Prince, hee marched thither, with posse Comitatus, to be∣siege it, and there, in a skirmish on the sands, which de∣uide the mount from the continēt, he fulfilled the effect of the prophecy, with the losse of his life, and in the said mounts Chappell lieth buried.

So Cambises lighted on Ecbatana in Egypt, and Alex∣ander Epirot, on Acheros in Italy, to bring them to their end. So Philip of Macedon, and Atis the sonne of Croe∣sus, found a chariot in a swords hilt, and an Iron poynted weapon at the hunting of a Bore, to delude their pre∣uentiue wearinesse. So Amilcar supped in Siracusa, & the Prince of Wales ware a Crown thorow Cheap∣side, in another sort and sense then they imagined, or desired. And so Pope Gerebert, and our King H. the 4. trauailed no farther, for meeting their fatall Hierusalem, then the one to a Chappell in Rome, the other to a chamber in Westminster.

S. Marie Wike standeth in a fruitfull soyle, skirted with a moore, course for pasture, and combrous for tra∣uellers. Wic, by master Lambert, signifieth a towne: by master Camden, Stationem, vel Sinum, vbi excercitus agit. This village was the birth-place of Thomasine Bonauen∣ture, I know not, whether by descēt, or euent, so called:

for whiles in her girlish age she kept sheepe on the fore∣remembred moore, it chanced, that a London mar∣chant passing by, saw her, heeded her, liked her, begged her of her poore parents, and carried her to his home. In processe of time, her mistres was summoned by death to appeare in the other world, and her good thewes, no lesse then her seemely personage, somuch contented her master, that he aduanced her from a ser∣uant, to a wife, and left her a wealthy widdow. Her se∣cond mariage befell with one Henry Gall: her third and last, with Sir Iohn Perciual, Lord Maior of London, whom she also ouerliued. And to shew, that vertue as well bare a part in the desert, as fortune in the meanes of her preferment, she employed the whole residue of her life and last widdowhood, to works no lesse bounti∣full, then charitable: namely, repayring of high waies, building of bridges, endowing of maydens, relieuing of prisoners, feeding and apparelling the poore, &c. A∣mongst the rest, at this S. Mary Wike, she founded a Chauntery and free-schoole, together with faire lod∣gings, for the Schoolemasters, schollers, and officers, and added twenty pound of yeerely reuennue, for suppor∣ting the incident charges: wherein as the bent of her desire was holy, so God blessed the same with al wished successe: for diuers the best Gent. sonnes of Deuon and Cornwall were there vertuously trained vp, in both kinds of diuine and humane learning, vnder one Cholwel, an honest and religious teacher, which caused the neigh∣bours so much the rather, and the more to rewe, that a petty smacke onely of Popery, opened a gap to the op∣pression of the whole, by the statute made in Edw. the 6. raigne, touching the suppression of Chaunteries.

Such strange accidēts of extraordinary aduancemēts, are verified by the ample testimonie of many histories, and, amongst the rest, we read in Machiauell (how beit controuled by the often reproued Iouius) that Castruccio Caestracani climed from a baser birth, to a farre higher e∣state. For being begotten in Lucca, by vnknowne pa∣rents, and cast out, in his swadling clouts, to the wide world, he was taken vp by a widdowe, placed by her with a Clergy man her brother, giuen by him to a Gent, called Francesco Guinigi, and by Guinigi left tutor to his onely sonne. From which step, his courage and wise∣dome raysed him by degrees, to the soueraignty of Luc∣ca, the Senatorship of Rome, the speciall fauour of the Emperour, and a neere hope (only by death preuented) of subduing Florence.

Lesnewith Hundred.

LEsnewith Hūdred taketh his name of a parish there∣in (as Stratton doth of a towne) memorable for no∣thing else. It may be deriued, either from Les, which in Cornish signifieth broad, and newith, which is new, as a new breadth, because it enlargeth his limits farther in∣to Cornwall on both sides, whereas Stratton is straight∣ned on the one by Deuon: or from Les and gwith, which importeth broad Ashen trees, g, for Euphonias sake being turned into n.

The first place which heere offreth it selfe to sight, is Bottreaux Castle, seated on a bad harbour of the North sea, & suburbed with a poore market town, yet entitling the owner in times past, with the stile of a Baron, from who, by match it descēded to the L. Hungerford, & resteth

in the Earle of Huntingdon. The diuersified roomes of a prison, in the Castle, for both sexes, better preser∣ued by the Inhabitants memorie, then discerneable by their owne endurance, shew the same, heeretofore to haue exercised some large iurisdiction.

Not farre from thence, Tintogel, more famous for his antiquitie, then regardable for his present estate, ab∣butteth likewise on the sea; yet the ruines argue it, to haue beene once, no vnworthie dwelling for the Cornish princes. The cyment wherewith the stones were layd, resisteth the fretting furie of the weather, better then themselues. Halfe the buildings were raysed on the continent, and the other halfe on an Iland, continued together (within mens remembrance) by a drawe∣bridge, but now diuorced, by the downefalne steepe Cliffes, on the farther side, which, though it shut out the sea from his wonted recourse, hath yet more streng∣thened the late Iland: for, in passing thither, you must first descend with a dangerous declyning, and then make a worse ascent, by a path, as euerie where narrow, so in many places, through his sticklenesse occasio∣ning, and through his steepnesse threatning, the ruine of your life, with the failing of your foote. At the top, two, or three terrifying steps, giue you entrance to the hill, which supplieth pasture for sheepe, and conyes: Vpon the same, I saw, a decayed Chappell, a faire spring of water, a Caue, reaching once, by my guides report, some farre way vnder ground, and (which you will perhaps suspect of vntruth) an Hermites graue, hewen out in the rocke, and seruing each bodies proportion for a buriall. But, if that in Wales carrie an equall veri∣tie, the myracle will soone reape credite: for this is so

sloped inwards at both ends, that any tall stature shal find roome by a little bending, as the short in the bottome by extending.

The fardest poynt of this hill, is called Black head, well knowne to the coasting Mariners. The high cliffs are by sea vnaccessible round abouts, sauing in one only place, towards the East, where they proffer an vneasie landing place for boats, which being fenced with a gar∣retted wall, admitteth entrance thorow a gate, some∣times of yron, as the name yet continuing, expresseth, and is within presently commaunded by a hardly cly∣med hill. Vnder the Iland runnes a caue, thorow which you may rowe at ful sea, but not without a kinde of hor∣rour, at the vncouthnesse of the place. M. Camden deli∣uereth vs these verses out of an olde Poet, touching Tintogel.

Est locus Abrini sinuoso littore ponti, Rupe situs media, refluus quem circuit aestus. Fulminat hic latè, turrite vertice Castrum, Nomine Tindagium, veteres dixêre Corini.

Which import in English:

There is a place within the wind∣ing shore of Seuerne sea, On mids of rock, about whose foote, The tydes turne-keeping play: A towry-topped Castle heere, wide blazeth ouer all, Which Corineus auncient broode, Tindagel Castle call.

It is not layd vp amongst the least vaunts of this Castle, that our victorious Arthur was here begotten by the valiant Vter Pendragon, vpon the fayre Igerna, and

that without taynt of bastardy, sayth Merlyn, because her husband dyed some houres before.

Of later times, Tintogel hath kept long silence in our stories, vntill H. the 3. raigne, at which time (by Mat. Paris report) his brother, Earle Ri. grew into obloquy for priuy receyuing there, & abbetting, his nephew Dauid, against the King. After which, being turned from a Palace to a prison, it restrained one Iohn Northamptons libertie, who for abusing the same, in his vnruly Maioralty of Londō, was condemned hither, as a perpetuall Penitenciary. A fee of ancienty belonging to this Castle, was cancelled as vnnecessary, by the late L. Treasurer Burleigh.

One collecting the wonders of Cornwall, rimed tou∣ching this, as followeth:

TIntogel in his ruines vauntes, Sometimes the seate of Kings, And place which worthy Arthur bred, Whose prayse the Breton sings. A bridge these buildings ioynd, whom now The fallen clifs diuorce, Yet strength'ned so, the more it scornes Foes vayne attempting force. There, caue aboue, entrie admits, But thorowfare denies; Where that beneath alloweth both, In safe, but gastly wise. A Spring there wets his head, his foote A gate of Iron gardes: There measure due to eche ones length, The Hermits graue awards.

IN the mids of the wilde moores of this Hundred, far

from any dwelling or riuer, there lyeth a great standing water, called Dosmery poole, about a mile or better in compasse, fed by no perceyued spring, neither hauing a∣ny auoydance, vntill (of late) certaine Tynners brought an Audit therefrom. The countrey people held many strange conceits of this poole; as, that it did ebbe & flow, that it had a whirle-poole in the midst thereof, and, that a fagot once throwne thereinto, was taken vp at Foy ha∣uen, 6. miles distant. Wherefore, to try what truth res∣ted in these reports, some Gent. dwelling not farre off, caused a boate and nets to be carried thither ouer land. Fish they caught none, saue a fewe Eeles vpon hookes: the poole prooued no where past a fathome and halfe deepe, and for a great way very shallow. Touching the opinion of ebbing and stowing, it should seeme to bee grounded, partly vpon the increase, which the raine floods brought thereinto frō the bordering hils (which perhaps gaue also the name; for Doz, is, come, and maur, great) and the decrease, occasioned by the next drowth, and partly, for that the windes doe driue the waues to and fro, vpon those sandie bankes: and thus the mira∣cle of Dosmery poole deceased. Of this other wonder hee sayd.

Dosmery poole amid the moores, On top stands of a hill, More then a mile about, no streames It empt, nor any fill.

Camelford, a market and Fayre (but not faire) towne, fetcheth his deriuatiō from the riuer Camel, which run∣neth thorow it, and that, from the Cornish word Cam, in English, crooked, as Cam, frō the often winding stream. The same is incorporated with a Maioralty, & nameth Burgesses to the Parliamēt, yet steppeth little before the

meanest sort of Boroughs, for store of Inhabitants, or the Inhabitants store.

Vpon the riuer of Camel, neere to Camelford, was that last dismal battel strooken betweene the noble king Arthur, and his treacherous nephew Mordred, wherein the one took his death, and the other his deaths wound. For testimony whereof, the olde folke thereabouts will shew you a stone, bearing Arthurs name, though now depraued to Atry.

Master Camden letteth vs vnderstand, that this towne is sometimes termed Gaffelford: wherethrough we may marke it for the lists of a great fight betweene the Bretons & Deuonshire men, which Houeden assigneth to haue bene darrayned at Gauelford, and perhaps the same, which the saide Master Camden voucheth out of Marianus Scotus, and describeth by these verses of an el∣der Poet:

—Naturam Cambelafontis, Mutatam stupet esse sui, transcendit inundans Sanguineus torrens ripas, & ducit in aequor Corpora caesorum, plures natare videres, Et petere auxilium, quos vndis vita reliquit.

The riuer Camel wonders, that His fountaines nature showes So strange a change, the bloody streame Vpswelling ouerflowes His both side banks, and to the sea The slaughtered bodies beares: Full many swimme, and sue for ayde, While waue their life outweares.

In our forefathers daies, when deuotion as much ex∣ceeded

knowledge, as knowledge now commeth short of deuotion, there were many bowssening places, for curing of mad men, and amongst the rest, one at Alter∣nunne in this Hundred, called S. Nunnes poole, which Saints Altar (it may be) by pars pro toto, gaue name to the Church: and because the maner of this bowssening is not so vnpleasing to heare, as it was vneasie to feele, I wil (if you please) deliuer you the practise, as I receyued it from the beholders.

The water running from S. Nunnes well, fell into a square and close walled plot, which might bee filled at what depth they lifted. Vpon this wall was the fran∣ticke person set to stand, his backe towards the poole, and from thence with a sudden blow in the brest, tum∣bled headlong into the pond: where a strong fellowe, prouided for the nonce, tooke him, and tossed him vp and downe, alongst and athwart the water, vntill the pa∣tient, by forgoing his strength, had somewhat forgot his fury. Then was hee conueyed to the Church, and cer∣taine Masses sung ouer him; vpon which handling, if his right wits returned, S. Nunne had the thanks: but if there appeared small amendment, he was bowssened a∣gaine, and againe, while there remayned in him any hope of life, for recouery.

It may be, this deuice tooke original from that master of Bedlem, who (the fable saith) vsed to cure his pati∣ents of that impatience, by keeping them bound in pooles, vp to the middle, and so more or lesse, after the fit of their fury.

Trigge Hundred.

THe name of Trig, in Cornish, signifieth an Inhabitant; howbeit, this Hundred cannot vaunt any ouer-large scope, or extaordinarie plenty of dwellings: his chiefe towne is Bodmyn; in Cornish, Bos venna, commonly ter∣med Bodman, which (by illusion, if not Etimology) a man might, not vnaptly, turne into Badham: for of all the townes in Cornwall, I holde none more healthfully seated, then Saltash, or more contagiously, then this. It consisteth wholly (in a maner) of one street, leading East and West, welneere the space of an Eastern mile, whose South side is hidden from the Sunne, by an high hill, so neerely coasting it in most places, as neither can light haue entrance to their staires, nor open ayre to their o∣ther roomes. Their back houses, of more necessary, then cleanly seruice, as kitchins, stables, &c. are clymed vp vnto by steps, and their filth by euery great showre, washed downe thorow their houses into the streetes.

The other side is also ouerlooked by a great hill, though somewhat farther distant: and for a Corollarium, their conduit water runneth thorow the Churchyard, the ordinary place of buriall, for towne and parish. It breedeth therefore little cause of maruaile, that euery generall infection is here first admitted, & last excluded: yet the many decayed houses, proue the towne to haue bene once very populous; and, in that respect, it may stil retaine the precedence, as supported by a weekly mar∣ket, the greatest of Cornwall, the quarter Sessions for the East diuision, and halfe yeerely faires. The iurisdiction thereof is administred by a Maior and his brethren, and

vpon warrant of their Charter, they claime authoritie, to take acknowledgement of statute bonds.

In former times, the Bishop of Cornwall (as I haue elsewhere related) held his See at S. Petroe's, in this towne, vntill the Danish pirats, firing their Palace, for∣ced them to remoue the same, with their residence, vnto S. Germans. They were succeeded by a Priory, and Fri∣ery; which later, serued a while as a house of correction, for the shire, but with greater charge, then benefit, or continuance.

For other accidents, I find, that Perkyn Warbecke, af∣ter his landing in the West parts of Cornwall, made this towne the Rendez vous of his assembling forces, for at∣chieuing his, alike deseruing, and speeding enterprise against King Henry the seuenth.

Hither, also, in the last commotion, flocked the Re∣bels, from all quarters of the shire, pitching their campe at the townes end; and here they imprisoned such Gen∣tlemen, as they had plucked out of their holdes, and houses, vntill the fortune of warre gaue verdit with the right of iustice, for their well deserued euill spee∣ding.

Sir Anthony Kingston, then Prouost-marshall of the Kings armie, hath left his name more memorable, then commendable amongst the townsemen, for causing their Maior to erect a gallowes before his owne doore, vpon which, (after hauing feasted Sir Anthony) himselfe was hanged.

In like sort (say they) he trussed vp a millers man, thereby, for that he presented himselfe in the others stead, saying he could neuer do his master better ser∣uice.

But mens tongues, readily inclined to the worst re∣ports, haue left out a part of the truth, in this tale, that the rest might carrie the better grace. For Sir Anthony did nothing herein, as a Iudge, by discretion, but as an officer, by direction; and besides, hee gaue the Maior sufficient watchwordes of timely warning, & large space of respite (more then which, in regard of his owne perill, he could not afford) to shift for safety, if an vneschewable destiny, had not haltered him to that aduancement. As for the millers man, he equalled his master, in their common offence of rebellion, and there∣fore it deserued the praise of mercy, to spare one of the two, and not the blame of crueltie, to hang one for ano∣ther.

I should perhaps haue forgotten the free schoole here, maintayned by her Maiesties liberalitie, were I not put in mind thereof, through afore-halsening of this re∣bellion, by an action of the schollers, which I will report from some of their owne mouthes. About a yeere be∣fore this sturre was raysed, the schollers, who accusto∣mably diuide themselues, for better exploiting their pas∣times, grewe therethrough into two factions; the one whereof, they called the olde religion; the other, the new. This once begunne, was prosecuted amongst thē in all exercises, and, now and then, handled with some egernesse and roughnes, each partie knowing, and still keeping the same companions, and Captaine. At last one of the boyes, conuerted the spill of an olde candle∣sticke to a gunne, charged it with powder and a stone, and (through mischance, or vngraciousnesse) therewith killed a calfe: whereupon, the owner complayned, the master whipped, and the diuision ended.

By such tokens, sometimes wonderfull, sometimes ridiculous, doth God at his pleasure, foreshewe future accidents: as in the Planets, before the battell at Thra∣simenus, betweene Hannibal and the Romanes, by the fighting together of the Sunne and Moone. In birds, what time Brute brought forth the remnant of his army at Philippi, against Caesar and Anthony, by the furious biekering betweene two Eagles. In men, against the de∣struction of Hierusalem, by the encountring of Chari∣ots and armies in the ayre. And before Alexanders battel with Darius; first, by a casual skirmish of the camp-strag∣lers, vnder two Captaines, borrowing the names of those Princes: and then by Alexanders voluntary setting those Captaines to a single combat. Yea (to bring these examples neerer home) the like hath hapned both be∣fore and sithence, amongst boyes in other places.

When Caesar was departed from Rome, to try the title of the worlds Empire with Pompey, the towne boyes (without any mans commaund) parted in twayne; the one side calling themselues Pompeyans, the other Cae∣sarians; and then darrayning a kinde of battell (but without Armes) the Caesarians got the ouerhand.

A like prank vnder the like assumed names, and with like successe and boding, they plaied, when Octauius and Anthony were, with like meanes, to decide the like So∣ueraignty.

And to the same purpose, Procopius affirmeth, that the Samnite boyes, when they draue their cattel to feeding, after their vsuall maner of pastime, chose out amongst themselues, two of the best actiuity and seemelinesse; the one, they named Bellisarius, Generall for Iustinian the Emperour in Italy, the other Vitiges king of the Gothes,

against whome hee wanted. In the buckling of these counterfeite Commaunders, it fell out, that Vitiges had the worst, whome the aduerse party with a iesting and craking maner, hanged vp at the next tree, in earnest, but yet with no intent to kill him.

This while it happens, that a Woolfe is descryed▪ away runne the boyes: fast abides the imaginary Fe∣lon, and so fast, that for want of timely rescouse, the breath poasted out of his body, and left the same a liuelesse carkase. The which notifyed to the Sam∣nites, quitted the striplings (or slipstrings) of their pu∣nishment, but encreased the dismay of the elder peo∣ple.

A like accident befell sithence, by testimony of the ceremonious Texera, as a presage of Lewes the Prince of Condyes death, 1509. Foure daies before which, at Xaintes, the youth of all sorts, from 9. to 22. yeres age, assembled, and (of their owne accord) chose two Com∣maunders, one they entitled the Prince of Condy, the other Mounsieur, who then lay in the field against him. For three dayes space, they violently assaulted each o∣ther, with stones, clubs, and other weapons, vntill at last it grewe to Pistoles: by one of which, the imaginary Prince receiued a quelling wound in his head, about 10. a clock in the morning: the very howre (faith this Por∣tugall confessour) that the Prince himselfe, by a like shot was slaughtered.

The same authour voucheth a semblable chaunce, somewhat before the siege of Rochell 1572. where, some of the boyes banded themselues, as for the Maior, and others for the King; who after 6. dayes skirmishing, at last made a composition, and departed: euen as that

siege endured sixe moneths, and finally brake vp in a peace.

So doth Mercurius Gallobelgicus giue vs to wit, that in the yeere 1594. a Turkish Beglerbey of Greece, either seeking by a fore-coniecture, to be ascertained himselfe, or desirdus to nusle the yonger sort in martiall exployts, led out of Alba Regalis, about 600. Turkish boyes, aged betweene 11. and 14. yeeres, and seuered them into two troups, terming the one, The Christian, the other, The Turkish batalion. Those, he directed to call vpon Iesus, these, vpon Hala: both parts hee enioyned to bicker co∣ragiously, and egged them onward with the enticemēt of rewards. The token is giuen, the forces encounter, the fight is hote. In the end, the Turks betake them∣selues to their heeles, and Iesus party carryeth away the victory, But such occurrents do not alwayes either fore∣goe, or foresignifie; for sometimes they fall out idle, and sometimes not at all. How beit, Nicetaes Chaniates taketh it very vnkindly, that God would not spare some watch∣word out of his presciēce, to the Constantinopolitanes, what time Baldryn Earle of Flaunders and others, first assisted, and then conquered their Citie.

Touching Veall the Merecurialist, I haue spoken in my former booke.

The youthlyer sort of Bodmyn townsmen vse some∣times to sport themselues, by playing the box with strā∣gers, whome they summon to Halgauer. The name signifieth the Goats moore, and such a place it is, lying a little without the towne, and very full of quauemires. When these mates meete with any rawe seruingman, or other young master, who may serue and deserue to make pastime, they cause him to be solemnely arrested,

for his appearance before the Maior of Halgauer, where he is charged with wearing one spurre, or going vntrus∣sed, or wanting a girdle, or some such like felony: and after he hath beene arraygned and tryed, with all requi∣site circumstances, iudgement is giuen in formatterines, and executed in some one vngracious pranke or o∣ther, more to the skorne, then hurt of the party con∣demned.

Hence is sprung the prouerb, when we see one sto∣uenly appareled, to say, He shall be presented in Halg∣uer Court.

But now and then, they extend this merriment with the largest, to the preiudice of ouer-credulous people, perswading them to fight with a Dragō lurking in Hal∣gauer, or to see some strāge matter there which conclu∣deth at least, with a trayning them into the mire.

Within short space after the great same dispersed, touching the rare effects of Warwickshire wels, some idle enuious head raysed a brute, that there rested no lesse vertue (forsooth) for healing all diseases, in a plenti∣full spring, neere vnto Bodmyn, called Scarlets well: which report grew so farre, and so fast, that folke ranne slocking thither in huge numbers, from all quarters. But the neighbour Iustices, finding the abuse, and looking into the consequence, forbad the resort, lequestred the spring, and suppressed the miracle. How beit, the water should seeme to be healthfull, if not helpfull: for it retai∣neth this extraordinary quality, that the same is waigh∣tier, then the ordinary of his kinde, and will continue the best part of a yeere, without alteration of sent or taste; onely you shall see it represent many colours, like the Raine-bowe, which (in my conceite) argueth a run∣ning

thorow some minerall veine, and tho•••• withall a possessing of some vertue.

Aside from this towne, towards the North sea, ex∣tendeth a fruitfull veine of land, comprizing certayne parishes, which serueth better then any other place in Cornwall for Winter feeding; and suitably enricheth the Farmours. Herethrough, sundry Gentlemen haue there planted their seates, as, in S. Kew, master Carnsew, at Bokelly▪ in S. Endelion, master Roscarrock, at his house of the same denomination: besides, master Penkeuel, Nichols, Barret, Flammack, Caud, and di∣uers more.

Carnsew, rightly Carndeaw, purporteth in Cornish, a blackrock: and such a one the heire owneth, which gaue name to his ancient possessed mannour, as the man∣nour to his ancestours. His house Bokelly may be de∣riued from Both, in Cornish, a Goate, and kelly, which is lost; and the Goate he giueth for his Armes. This Gēt, father married the daughter of Fits in Deuon, and left behinde him three sonnes, Richard, Mathew and William, with two daughters: those, brought vp in learning and experience abroade: these, in vertue and modesty at home: the fruites whereof, they taste and expresse, in a no lesse praise-worthy, then rare-continuing concord, hauing (not through any constrayning necessitie, or constraintiue vowe) but on a voluntary choyce, made their elder brothers māsion a Colledge of single liuing, & kind entertaining. Amongst whō, I may not omit the yongest brother, whose well qualified and sweete plea∣sing sufficiency draweth him out from this cloyster, to conuerse with, and assist his friends, and to whose soun∣der iudgement, I owe the thankful acknowledgement of

many corrected flippings in these my notes. The armes of this family are thus blasoned, S. a Goat passant. A. at∣tired and trepped O.

Roccarrock, in Cornish, meaneth a flower, and a rock, in English. Roses are his armes, and the North rocky clifs, which bound his demaines, perhaps added the rest. The heire hath issue by the daughter of Treuanion. His father maried the sole Inheritrix to Pentire, whose dwel∣ling, Pentuan, is seated on the South sea, so as he might make vse of either climate for his residence. The family is populous, but of them two brothers, High, for his ciuill carriage, and kinde hospitality, and Nicholas for his industrious delight in matters of history and antiquity, doe merit a commending remembrance. They beare A. a Cheuron betweene 2. Roses, G. and a sea tench•• nayante proper.

The little parish called Temple, skirteth this Hundred, on the waste side thereof: a place, exempted from the Bishops iurisdiction, as once appertayning to the Tem∣plers, but not so frō disorder, forit common report com∣municate with truth, many a bad mariage bargaine is there yerely slubbred vp.

Hundred of VVest.

WIth Trig Hundred on the South side, confineth that of West, but taketh his name from the rela∣tion which it beareth to that of East: the circuit thereof is not so large, as fruitfull.

In entring the same, wee will first pitch at the Loo••s, two seuerall Corporations, distinguished by the additi∣on of East and West, abbutting vpon a nauigable creek,

and ioyned by a faire bridge of many arches. They tooke that name from a fresh riuer, which there payeth his tribute to the sea: and the riuer (as I coniecture) from his low passage, betweene steepe coasting his for Loo, and lowe, after the Cornish pronunciation, doe little differ.

East-Loo voucheth lesse antiquity, as lately incorpo∣rated, but vanteth greater wealth, as more cōmodiously seated: yet the foundation of their houses is grounded on the sand, supporting (naythelesse) those poore buil∣dings, with a sufficient stablenesse. Their profit chiefly accrueth from their weekely markets, and industrious fishing, with boats of a middle size, able to brooke, but not crosse the seas: howbeit, they are not altogether des∣titute of bigger shipping: amongst which, one hath suc∣cessiuely retained the name of the George of Loo, euer since the first so called, did a great while fithence, in a fu∣rious fight, take;. French men of warre.

The towne towards the sea, is fenced with a garret∣ted wall, against any sudden attempt of the enemy.

West-Loo mustereth an endowment with the like meanes, but in a meaner degree, and hath of late yeeres somewhat releeued his former pouerty.

Almost directly ouer against the barred hauen of Loo, extendeth S. Georges Iland, about halfe a mile in compasse, and plentifully stored with Conies. When the season of the yere yeeldeth oportunity, a great abū∣dance of sundry sea-fowle breed vpon the strond, where they lay, & hatch their egges, without care of building any nests: at which time, repairing thither, you shall see your head shadowed with a cloud of old ones, through their diuersified cries, witnessing their generall dislike of

your disturbance, and your feets pestered with a large number of yong ones; some formerly, some newly, and some not yet disclosed; at which time (through the leaue and kindenesse of Master May, the owner) you may make and take your choyce. This Gent. Armes, are G. a Cheuron vary betweene three Crownes.

The middle market towne of this Hundred, is Lis∣kerd, Les, in Cornish, is broad, and ker, is gone. Now, if I should say, that it is so called, because the widenesse of this Hundred, heere contracteth the traffike of the In∣habitants, you might well thinke I iested, neither dare I auow it in earnest. But whencesoeuer you deriue the name, hard it is, in regard of the antiquity, to deduce the towne and Castle from their first originall: and yet I will not ioyne hands with them who terme it Legio, as founded by the Romanes, vnlesse they can approue the same by a Romane faith.

Of later times, the Castle serued the Earle of Cornwall for one of his houses; but now, that later is worm-eaten out of date and vse. Coynages, Fayres, and markets, (as vitall spirits in a decayed bodie) keepe the inner partes of the towne aliue, while the ruyned skirtes accuse the iniurie of time, and the neglect of indus∣trie.

S. Cleer parish, coasting Liskerd, brooketh his name by a more percing, then profitable ayre, which in those open wastes, scowreth away thrist, as well as sicknesse. Thither I rode, to take view of an antiquitie, called, The other halfe stone; which I found to be thus? There are two moore stones, pitched in the ground, very neere together, the one of a more broade then thicke square∣nesse, about 8. foote in height, resembling the ordinary

spill of a Crosse, and somewhat curiously howed with chaper worke. The other commeth shore of his fellowes length, by the better halfe, but, welneere, doubleth it in breadth, and thickenesse, and is likewise handsomely carued. They both, are mortised in the top, leauing a little edge at the oneside, as to accommodate the pla∣cing of somewhat else thereupon. In this latter, are gra∣ued certaine letters, which I caused to be taken out, and haue here inserted, for abler capacities, then mine own, to interpret.

[illustration]

Why this should be termed, The other halfe stone, I cannot resolue with my selfe; and you much lesse Howbeit, I haltingly ayme, it may proceede from one of these respects; either, because it is the halfe of a mo∣nument, whose other part resteth elsewhere: or, for that it meaneth, after the Dutch phtase, and then owne measure, a stone and halfe. For, in Dutch, Ander halb, (another halfe) importeth, One and a halfe, as Sesqui al∣ter doth in Latine. It should seeme to be a bound stone: for some of the neighbours obserued to mee, that the

same limiteth iust the halfe way, betweene Excester and the lands ende, and is distant full fiftie myles from ei∣ther.

Not far hence, in an open plaine, are to be seene cer∣taine stones, somewhat squared; and fastened about •• foote deepe in the ground, of which, some sixe or eight stand vpright in proportionable distance▪ they are ter∣med, The hurlers. And alike strange obseruation, taketh place here, as at Stonehenge, to wit, that are doubled numbring, neuer eueneth with the first. But far stranger is the country peoples report, that once they were men, and for their hurling vpō the Sabboth, so metamorpho∣sed. The like whereof, I remēber to haue read, touching some in Germany (as I take it) who for a semblable pro∣phanation, with dau••ing, through the Priests accursing, continued it on a whole yere together.

Almost adioyning hereunto, is a heap of rocks, which presse one of a lesse size, fashioned like a cheese, and therethrough termed Wringcheese.

I know not well, whether I may referre to the parish of S. Neot in this Hundred, that which Mat▪ West repor∣teth of K. Alfred, namely, how comming into Cornwall on hunting▪ he turned aside, for doing his deuotion, into a Church where S. Guorijr and S. Neot made their abode (quare, whether he meane not their burials) or rather so resolue, because Asser so deliuers it, and there found his orisons seconded with a happy effect.

Next, I will relate you another of the Cornish natural wonders, viz. S. Kaynes well▪ but lest you make a won∣der first at the Saint, before you take notice of the well▪ you must vnderstand, that this was not Kayne the man∣queller, but one of a gentler spirit and milder sex▪ to wit,

a woman. He who caused the spring to be pictured, ad∣ded this rime for an exposition.

In name, in shape, in quality, This well is very quaint; The name, to let of Kayne befell, No ouer-holy Saint. The shape, 4. trees of diuers kinde, Witby, Oke, Elme and Ash, Make with their roots an arched roofe, Whose floore this spring doth wash. The quality, that man or wife, Whose chance, or choice attaines, First of this sacred streame to drinke, Ther thy the mastry gaines.

In this Hundred, the rubble of certaine mines, and ruines of a fining house, conuince, Burchard Craneigh, the Duchmans vaine endeuour, in seeking of siluer owter howbeit, hee afterwards lighted on a thriftier vayne, of practising phisike át London, where he grewe famous, by the name of Doctor Bureot.

Killigarth, being interpreted in English, signifieth, He hath lost his griping, or reaching; and by his present fortune, (in some sort) iustifieth that name▪ for the same hath lately forgone Sir William Beuill, whome it embraced as owner & Inhabitant, by his sudden death▪ and is passed into the possession of the faire Lady his widdow, by her husbands conueyance.

It yeeldeth a large viewe of the South coast, and was it selfe, in Sir Williams life time, much visited,

through his franke inuiting••. The mention of this Knight, calleth to my remembrance, a sometimes vn∣couth seruaunt of his, whose monstrous conditions, partly resembled that Polyphemus, described by Hom•••• and Virgil, and liuely imitated by Ariosto, in his Orco: or rather, that Egyptian Polyphagus, in whome (by Sue∣tonius report) the Emperour Nero tooke such pleasure. This fellow was taken vp by Sir William, vnder a hedge, in the deepest of Winter, welneere starued with cold, and hunger: hee was of staturemeane, of constitution leane, of face freckled, of composition, well proportio∣ned, of diet, naturally, spare, and cleanely inough; yet, at his masters bidding, he would deuoure nettles, thi∣stles, the pith of Artichokes, raw, and liuing birds, and fishes, with their scales, and feathers, burning coles and candles, and whatsoeuer else, howsoeuer vnsauorie, if it might be swallowed: neither this a little, but in such quantitie, as it often bred a second wonder, how his bel∣ly should containe so much: yet could no man, at any time, discouer him doing of that, which necessitie of nature requireth. Moreouer▪ he would take a hot yron out of the fire, with his bare hand; neuer changed his apparell, but by constraint, and vsed to lie in strawe, with his head downe, and his heeled vpwards. Spare he was of speech, and, in stead of halfe his words, vsed this terme Size, as I will Size him; for strike him, hee is a good Size, for man, &c. Ouer-sleeping, or some other accident, made him to lose a day, in his accompt of the weeke, so as he would not beleeue, but that Sunday was Saterday, Saterday Friday, &c. To Sir William he bare such faithfulnesse, that hee would follow his horse, like a spanyell, without regard of way or wearinesse,

waite at his chamber doore, the night time, suffering none to come neere him, and performe whatsoeuer hee commanded, were it neuer so vndawfull, or dangerous. On a time, his master, expecting strangers, sent him, with a panier, to his 〈◊〉〈◊〉 at the sea side, to fetch some fish. In his way, he passed by a riuer, whereinto the tide then flowed, and certaine fishermen were drawing their nets: which after Iohn Size had a while beheld, hee casts to haue a share amongst them, for his master. So into the water he leaps, and there, for the space of a flight shoot, wadeth and walloweth (for swimme hee could not) sometimes vp, and sometimes downe, carrying his panier still before him, to his owne extreame hazard of drowning, and the beholders great pittying, vntill at last, all wet, and wearied, out he scrambleth, and home he hieth, with a bitter complaint to his master, of his ill fortune, that he could not catch some fish, aswell as the rest, where so much was going. In this sort he continu∣ed for 〈◊〉〈◊〉 yeeres, vntill (vpon I wot not what ve••••••••, or vnkindnesse) away he gets, and abroad he rogues: which remitter brought him in the end, to his fore∣deferred, and not auoyded destiny: for as vnder a hedge hee was formd pyning so vnder a hedge hee found his miserable death, through penury.

Sir Williams father maried the daughter of Militon: his graundfather, the daughter and heire of Bear, whose liuelyhood repayred what the elder brothers daughters had impaired. The Beuils Armesart A▪ a Bull passant G. armed and tripped O.

In the same parish where Killigarth is seated, Master Murth inheriteth a house and demaynes. Hee maried Treffry: his father, Tregose. One of their auncestours,

within the memorie of a next neighbour to the house: called Prake, (burdened with 110. yeeres age) entertai∣ned a British miller, as that people, for such idle occupa∣tions, proue more handie, then our owne. But this fel∣lowes seruice befell commodious in the worst sense. For when; not long after his acceptance, warres growe be∣tweene vs & France, hestealeth ouer into his countrey, returneth priuily backe againe, with a French crew, sur∣prizeth suddenly his master, and his ghosts, at a Chrise∣mas supper, carrieth them speedily vnto Lahueghey, and for coth the Gent. to redeeme his enlargement, with the sale of a great part of his reuenewes.

A little to the Westwards from Killigarth, the poore harbour and village of Polpera coucheth betweene 2. steepe hils, where plenty of fish is vented to the fish dri∣uers, whom we call Iowters.

The warmth of this Hundred, siding the South, hath entierd many Gent. here to make choyce of their dwel∣lings, as M. Buller, now Sherife at Tregarrick, sometimes the Widestades inheritance, vntill the fathers rebellion for feited it to the Prince; and the Princes largesse re∣warded therewith his subiects.

Wides lades some led a walking life with his harpe, to Gentlemens houses, wherethrough, and by his other actiue qualities, hee was intitled, Sir Tristram; neither wanted he (as some say) a bele I sound, the more aprly to resemble his patterne.

Master Buller married the daughter of one Williams, a Counsellour at lawe in Deuon: his father, a younger branch of the ancient stocke, planted in Somerset shire, tooke to wise the widdowe of Courtney, and daughter and heire to Trethurffe; by whose dower, and his owne

indeuour, he purchased and left to his sonne, faire pos∣sessions, but not vnencumbred with titles, which draue this Gentleman to salue them all by new compositions with the pretenders: and for compassing the same, to get an extraordinary experience in husbandry. His an∣cestours bare S. on a playne Crosse A. quarter pierced 4. Eagles of the field.

At S. Winowe in habiteth M. Thomas Lower, commen∣dable through his double prouision, against the warres, as hauing both furnished himself with great ordinance, for priuate defence of the County, and thrust forth his sonnes to be trayned in martiall knowledge and exerci∣ses, for the publike seruice of the Countrey.

His wife was one of Reskimers daughters and heires: his mother, the daughter of Treffry: his house descen∣ded to his auncestour, by match with Vpton. Hee beareth B. a Cheuron engrayled O. betweene three Ro∣ses A.

Laureast, is the inheritance of M. Iohn Harris, a Gent. employing his sound iudgement, and other praise-wor∣thy parts, to the seruice of his Prince and country, & the good of his friends and himself. His wife was daughter and heire to Hart: his mother sister to M. Chr. Harris, which (by his vncles yet want of issue) intitleth him with a faire expectancy. Hee beareth S. 3. Croissants within a border A.

Treworgy is owed by M. Kendul, and endowed with a pleasant and profitable fishing and command of the ri∣uer, which flitteth vnder his house. He maried with Bul∣ler: his mother was daughter to Moyle of Bake, and bea∣reth A. a Cheuron betweene 3. Dolphins S.

Master Glyn of Glynfoord, manifesteth, by this compounded name, the antiquitie of his descent, and

the ordinary passage there, ouer Foy riuer▪ The store of Sammons which it affoordeth, caused his ancestours to take the Sammon speares for their Armes: for hee beareth A. a Cheuron; betweene three Sammon speares S.

Sundry more Gentlemen this little Hundred posses∣seth and possessioneth, as Code, who beareth A. a Che∣uron, G. betweene three Crowes. May, G▪ a Cheuron vary betweene three Crownes. Athym, A. a Maunche Maltaile S. within a border of the first, charged with, Cinquefoyles, as the second Grilles &c. But want of information, and lothnes to waxe tedious, maketh mee fardle vp these, and omit the rest.

It is hemmed in on the West, by the East side of Foy hauen, at whole mouth standeth Hall, in Cornish, a moore, and (perhaps) such it was before better manu∣rance reduced it to the present fruitfulnesse. The same descended to Sir Reignald Mohun, from his ancestours, by their match with the daughter and heire of Fits-Wil∣liams; and (amongst other commodities) is appurtenan∣ced with a walk, which if I could as playnly shew you▪ as my selfe haue oftentimes delightingly seene it, you might, & would auow▪ the same to be a place of diuersi∣fied pleasings: I will therefore do my best, to trace you a shaddow thereof▪ by which you shal (in part) giue a gesse at the substance.

It is cut out in the side of a sleepe hill, whose foote the salt water washeth, euenly leuelled, to serue for bowling, floored with sand, for soaking vp the rayne, closed with two shorte hedges; and banked with sweete senting flowres: It wideneth to a sufficient breadth, for the match of fiue or sixe in front, and extendeth, to not

much lesse, then halfe a London mile: neyther doth it lead wearisomely forthright, but yeeldeth varied, & yet, not ouer-busie turnings, as the grounds oportunity af∣foordeth; which aduantage encreaseth the prospect, and is conuerted on the foreside, into platformes, for the planting of Ordinance, and the walkers sitting; and on the back part, into Summer houses, for their more pri∣uate retrait and recreation.

In passing along, your eyes shall be called away from guiding your feete, to descry by their fardest kenning, the vast Ocean, sparkled with ships, that continually this way trade, forth & backe, to most quarters of the world. Neerer home, they take view of all sized cocks, barges, and fisherboates, houering on the coast. Againe, con∣tracting your sight to a narrower scope, it lighteth on the faire and commodious hauen, where the tyde daily presenteth his double seruice, of flowing and ebbing, to carry and recarry whatsoeuer the Inhabitants shall bee pleased to charge him withall, and his creekes (like a young wanton louer) folde about the land, with many embracing armes.

This walke is garded vpon the one side, by Portruan; on the other, by Bodyneck, two fishing villages: be∣hinde, the rising hill beareth off the colde Northren blasts: before, the towne of Foy subiecteh his whole length and breadth to your ouerlooking: and directly vnder you, ride the home and forraine shipping; both of these, in so neere a distance, that without troubling the passer, or borrowing Stentors voyce, you may from thence, not only call to, but confere with any in the sayd towne or shipping.

Mounsieur la Noüe noteth, that in the great hall of

iustice, at Paris, there is no roome left, for any more i∣mages of the French Kings: which some prophetically interpreted, to signifie a dissolution of that line, if not of the monarchy. But this halsening, the present flourishing estate of that kingdome, vtterly conuinceth of falshood. A farre truer foretoken, touching the Earle of Deuons progeny, I haue seene, at this place of Hall, to wit, a kind of Fagot, whose age and painting, approueth the credited tradition, that it was carefully preserued by those noble men: but whether vpon that prescience, or no, there mine author failes me. This fagot, being all one peece of wood, and that naturally growen, is wrap∣ped about the middle part with a bond, and parted, at the ends, into foure sticks, one of which, is, againe sub∣diuided into other twayne. And in semblable maner the last Earles inheritance accrued vnto 4. Cornish Gent. Mohun, Trelawny, Arundell of Taluerne, and Trethurffe: and Trethurffes portion, Courtney of Ladocke, and Viui∣an, do enioy, as descended from his two daughters and heires.

Sir Reig. Mohun is widdower of two wiues; the one, daughter to Sir Henry Killigrew, the other, to Sergeant Heale: his father, Sir William, married, first, the daugh∣ter of Horsey, and one of the heires, by the common law, to Sir Iohn her late brother; and next, the widdowe of Trelawny, who, ouerliuinghim, enioyeth this Hall, as part of her ioynture; a Lady, gracing her dignitie, with her vertue, and no lesse expressing, then professing religion. Reignald, father to Sir William, wedded the daughter of Sir VVilliam Treuanion. The armes of the Mohuns are O. 2 Crosse engrayled Sa.

Powder Hundred.

SOme impute the force of Powder vnto this, that the same is conuerted, at an instant, from his earthy sub∣stance, to a fiery, and from the fire, into ayre; euery of which changes, requireth a greater enlargement, one then other: wherefore it finding a barre, ouer, vnder, and on the back and sides, by the pieces strong imprisonmēt, by consequence breaketh forth with a sudden violence, at the mouth, where the way is least stopped, & driueth before it, the vnsetled obstacle of the bullet, imparting thereunto a portiō of his fury. To which (through want of a probable Etymon) I may, in part, resemble the hun∣dred of Powder, not only for the names sake, but also be∣cause this parcel of the Cornish earth extendeth it selfe wider, and compriseth more parishes, then any other Hundred of the shire, as stretching East and West, from Foy to Falmouth: and South and North, welnere from one sea to the other.

In describing the same, we must begin where we left, to wit, at Foy hauen, in Cornish, Foath. It receyueth this name of the riuer, and bestoweth the same on the town. His entrance is garded with Block-houses, & that on the townes side, as also the towne it selfe, fortified & fenced with ordinance. The commēdation of which iudustry, is principally due to the prouidence and direction of M. Wil. Treffry, a Gent that hath vowed his rare gifts of lear∣ning, wisdome, & courage, to the good of his country, & made proofe therof in many occurrēts, & to whose iudi∣cious correctiōs, these my notes haue bin not a little be∣holden. His faire & ancient house, Castle-Wise builded,

and sufficiently flanked, ouerlooketh the towne and hauen with a pleasant prospect, and yet is not excluded from the healthfull ayre, and vse of the country, which occasioned his auncestours (though endowed else∣where, with large reuennues, of their owne and their wiues inheritance) for many discents, to make here their ordinary residence, as is witnessed by their to ombe∣stones, which I haue seene in the church. One of them, about 145. yeeres sithence, valiantly defended this his dwelling▪ against the French, what time they had surpri∣zed the rest of the towne.

Hee married one of Tremaynes heires: his father, the heire of Tresithny: his graundfather, the daughter of Killigrew: and beareth S. a Cheuron betweene three Hawthornes A.

But I will returne to the towne. During the war∣like raignes of our two valiant Edwards, the first & third, the Foyens addicted themselues to backe their Princes quarrell, by coping with the enemy at sea, and made re∣turne of many prizes: which purchases hauing aduan∣ced them to a good estate of wealth, the same was (whē the quieter conditioned times gaue meanes) heedfully and diligently employed, and bettered, by the more ci∣uill trade of marchandise; and in both these vocations they so fortunately prospered, that it is reported, 60. tall ships did, at one time, belong to the harbour, and that they assisted the siege of Callais, with 47. saile. Heere∣on, a full purse begetting a stout stomack, our Foyens tooke heart at grasse, and chauncing about that time (I speake vpon the credit of tradition) to sayle neere Rye, and Winchelsea, they stifly refused to vaile their bonets at the summons of those townes; which contempt (by

the better enabled Sea-farers, reckoned intolerable) caused the Ripiers to make out with might and mayne against them; howbeit, with a more hardy onset, then happy issue: for the Foy men gaue them so rough en∣tertaynment at their welcome, that they were glad to forsake patch, without bidding farewell: the me∣rit of which exploit, afterwards entitled them Gallants of Foy: and (it may bee) they sought to eternize this memorable fact, after the Greeke and Romane maner, by inuesting the towne of Golant with that name: not∣withstanding, quaere, whether a causelesse ambitiō in the postetitie, turned not rather Golant into Gallant, for their greater glory. Once, the townesmen vaunt, that for teskuing certaine ships of Rye from the Normans in Henrie the thirds time, they beare the armes, and enioy part of the priuiledges appertaining to the Cinque∣ports, whereof there is some memorie in their Chaun∣cell window, with the name of Fisart Bagga, their principall Commaunder in that seruice. Moreouer, the prowesse of one Nicholas, sonne to a widdow, neere Foy, is deskanted vpon, in an old three mans songs, namely, how he fought brauely at sea, with Iohn Dory (a Geno∣wey, as I coniecture) set forth by Iohn the French king, and (after much bloudshed on both sides) tooke, and slew him, in reuenge of the great rauine, and crueltie, which hee had forecommitted, vpon the English mens goods and bodies. Yet their so often good successe, sometimes tasted the sawce of crosser speeding; for Tho. Walsingham telleth vs, that Sir Hugh Calueley, and Sir Th. Percy, deputed to gard the sea, by R. the 2. Anno 1379. chanced there to meete a Cornish barge, belonging to Foy harbour, which hauing worne out his victuals, and

time, limited for the like seruice, was then sayling home∣wards, neither would be entreated by those knights, to ioyne companie with them: howbeit they bought this refusall verie deare. For no sooner was the English fleete past out of sight, but that a Flemmish man of warre ligh∣ted vpon them, and (after a long, and strong resistance) ouermastred them as well, at last in force, as they did at first in number, tooke the Barge, sunk it, and slaughtered all the Saylers, one onely boy excepted, who in the heate of the bickering, seeing which way the game would goe, secretly stole aboord the Flemming, and closely hid himselfe amongst the ballast. Ouer a while, this Pirate ••ast Anker in an English harbor, where the boy, hearing his Countrimens voice, that were come aboord, riseth from his new buriall, bewrayeth the fact, & so wrought meanes, for their punishment, and his owne deliuery.

Not long after, our Foy gallants, vnable to beare a low sayle, in their fresh gale of fortune, began to skum the Seas, with their often piracies, (auowing themselues vpon the Earle of Warwicke, whose ragged staffe is yet to be seene, pourtrayed in many places of their Church Steeple, and in diuers priuate houses) as also to violate their dutie at land, by insolent disobedience, to the Prin∣ces Officers, cutting off (amongst other pranckes) a Pur∣siuants eares: whereat king Edward the fourth conceiued such indignation, as hee sent Commissioners vnto Lost∣withiel, (a towne there by) who, vnder pretence of vsing their seruice, in sea affaires, trained thither the greatest number of the Burgesses; and no sooner come, then laid hold on, and in hold, their goods were confiscated, one Harrington executed, the chaine of their hauen remoued to Dartmouth, & their wonted iolity transformed into

a sudden misery: from which they striued a long time, in vaine, to releeue themselues: but now of late yeres doe more and more aspire to a great amendment of their former defects, though not to an equall height of their first aboundance.

Where I may not passe in silence, the commendable deserts of Master Rashleigh the elder, descended from a younger brother of an ancient house in Deuon; for his industrious iudgement and aduenturing, in trade of marchandise, first opened a light and way, to the townesmens newe thriuing, and left his sonne large wealth, and possessions; who (together with a dayly bettering his estate) conuerteth the same to hospitality, and other actions fitting a Gent. well affected to his God, Prince, and Countrey. He married the daughter of Bonithon; his father, of Lanyne, and beareth S. a plaine Crosse betweene 2. Croissants A.

Anno 28. H. 6. there was an Act of Parliament made, to restraine the abuses of sea-officers, in wrong exacti∣ons at Foy, and some other hauens.

The Lord of Pomier, a Norman, encouraged by the ciuil warres, wherewith our Realme was then distressed, furnished a nauy within the riuer of Sayne, and with the same in the night, burned a part of Foy, and other houses confyning: but vpon approch of the countryes forces, raised the next day by the Sherife, he made speed away to his ships, and with his ships to his home.

In a high way neere this towne, there lieth a big and long moore stone, containing the remainder of certaine ingraued letters, purporting some memorable antiquity, as it should seeme, but past ability of reading.

Not many yeres sithence, a Gentleman, dwelling not farre off, was perswaded, by some information, or ima∣gination, that treasure lay hidden vnder this stone: wherefore, in a faire Moone-shine night, thither with certaine good fellowes hee hyeth to dig it vp: a work∣ing they fall, their labour shortneth, their hope increa∣seth, a pot of Gold is the least of their expectation. But see the chance. In midst of their toyling, the skie gathe∣reth clouds, the Moone-light is ouer-cast with darke∣nesse, downe fals a mightie showre, vp riseth a bluster∣ing tempest, the thunder cracketh, the lightning flash∣eth: in conclusion, our money-seekers washed, in stead of loden; or loden with water, in steade of yellow earth, and more afraid, then hurt, are forced to abandon their enterprise, and seeke shelter of the next house they could get into. Whether this proceeded from a natu∣rall accident, or a working of the diuell, I will not vnder∣take to define. It may bee, God giueth him such power ouer those, who begin a matter, vpon couetousnesse to gaine by extraordinarie meanes, and prosecute it with a wrong, in entring and breaking another mans land, with out his leaue, and direct the end thereof, to the prin∣ces defrauding, whose prerogatiue challengeth these ca∣sualties.

A little beyond Foy, the land openeth a large sandie Bay, for the Sea to ouer-flow, which, and the village ad∣ioyning, are therethrough aptly termed Trewardreth, in English, The Sandie towne. Elder times, of more deuo∣tion then knowledge, here founded a religious house, which, in King Henrie the eights raigne, vnderwent the common downefall.

I haue receiued credible information, that some three

yeeres sithence, certaine hedgers deuiding a closse on the sea side hereabouts, chanced, in their digging, vpon a great chest of stone, artificially ioyned, whose couer, they (ouer-greedy for booty) rudely brake, and there∣withall a great earthen pot enclosed, which was guil∣ded and graued with letters, defaced by this misaduen∣ture, and ful of a black earth, the ashes (doubtles) as that, the vrna of some famous personage.

Vpon a side of this bay, one M. Peter Beuill first began the experiment of making a saltwater pond, induced thereunto, by obseruing, that the high Summer tydes brought with them young Basses and Millets, whom at their ebbing, they left behinde in little pits of the euen ground, where they would liue for many weekes with∣out any reuisitation of the sea: who, as he bettered this naturall patterne, so did I his artificiall; but yet with a thankefull acknowledgement, by whome I haue profited.

Lostwithiel should seeme to fetch his originall from the Cornish Loswithiall, which in English, soundeth a Li∣ons tayle: for as the Earle of this prouince gaue the Lyon in armes, and the Lions principall strength (men say) consisteth in his tayle; so this towne claymeth the precedence, as his Lords chiefest residence, & the place which he entrusted with his Exchequer, and where his wayghtier affaires were managed. Maioralty, markets, faires, and nomination of Burgesses for the Parliament, it hath common with the most: Coynage of Tynne, onely with three others; but the gayle for the whole Stannary, and keeping of the County Courts, it selfe a∣lone. Yet all this can hardly rayse it to a tolerable con∣dition of wealth and inhabitance. Wherefore I will de∣tayne

you no longer, then vntill I haue shewed you a so∣lemne custome in times past here yeerely obserued, and onely of late daies discontinued, which was thus:

Vpon little Easter Sunday, the Freeholders of the towne and mannour, by themselues or their deputies, did there assemble: amongst whom, one (as it fell to his lot by turne) brauely apparelled, gallantly mounted, with a Crowne on his head, a scepter in his hand, a sword borne before him, and dutifully attended by all the rest also on horseback, rode thorow the principall streete to the Church: there the Curate in his best beseene, so∣lemnely receiued him at the Churchyard stile, and conducted him to heare diuine seruice: after which, he repaired with the same pompe, to a house foreprouided for that purpose, made a feast to his attendants, kept the tables end himselfe, and was serued with kneeling, assay, & all other rites due to the estate of a Prince: with which dinner, the ceremony ended, and euery man returned home again. The pedigree of this vsage is deriued from so many descents of ages, that the cause and authour outreach remembrance: howbeit, these circumstances offer a coniecture, that it should betoken the royalties appertaining to the honour of Cornwall.

M. Wil. Kendals hospitality, while he liued, and here kept house, deserueth a speciall remembrance, because, for store of resort and franknes of entertainment, it ex∣ceeded all others of his sort.

This towne anno 11. H. 7. was by act of Parliament assigned, to keepe the publike waights and measures, or∣dayned for the Countie.

Lostwithiel subiecteth it selfe to the commaund of Restormel Castle, alias, Lestormel, sometimes the Dukes

principal house. It is seated in a park, vpō the plaine neck of a hill, backed to the Westwards, with another, some∣what higher, & falling euery other way, to end in a val∣ley, watered by the fishfull riuer of Foy. His base court is rather to be coniectured, then discerned, by the rem∣nant of some fewe ruines; amongst which, an ouen of 14. foot largenes, through his exceeding proportion, prooueth the like hospitality of those dayes. The inner court grounded vpon an intrenched rocke, was formed round, had his vtter wall thick, strong, and garretted: his flat roofe couered with lead, and his large windowes ta∣king their light inwards. It consisted of two stories, be∣sides the vaults, and admitted entrance and issue, by one onely gate, fenced with a Portcouliz. Water was con∣ueyed thither, by a conduit, from the higher ground ad∣ioyning. Certes, it may moue compassion, that a Pa∣lace, so healthfull for aire, so delightfull for prospect, so necessary for commodities, so fayre (in regard of those dayes) for building, and so strong for defence, should in time of secure peace, and vnder the protection of his naturall Princes, be wronged with those spoylings, then which, it could endure no greater, at the hands of any forrayne and deadly enemy: for the Parke is disparked, the timber rooted vp, the conduit pipes taken away, the roofe made sale of, the planchings rotten, the wals fal∣len downe, and the hewed stones of the windowes, dournes, & clauels, pluct out to serue priuate buildings: onely there remayneth an vtter defacement, to com∣playne vpon this vnregarded distresse. It now apper∣tayneth by lease, to Master Samuel, who maried Halse: his father (a wise and pleasant conceited Gent.) matched with Tremayue.

After wee haue quitted Restormel, Roche becomes our next place of soiourne, though hardly inuiting, with promise of any better entertainement, then the name carieth written in his forehead, to wit, a huge, high and steepe rock, seated in a playne, girded on either side, with (as it were) two substitutes, and meritorious (no doubt) for the Hermite, who dwelt on the top thereof, were it but in regard of such an vneasie climing to his cell and Chappell, a part of whose naturall wals is wrought out of the rock it selfe.

Neere the foote of Roche, there lyeth a rock, Ieuell with the ground aboue, and hollow downwards, with a winding depth, which contayneth water, reported by some of the neighbours, to ebbe & flowe as the sea. Of these, as another Cornish wonder.

You neighbour-scorners, holy-prowd, Goe people Roche's cell, Farre from the world, neere to the heau'ns, There, Hermits, may you dwell. Is't true that Spring in rock hereby, Doth tide-wise ebbe and flow? Or haue wee foolas with lyers met? Fame saies it: be it so.

From hence ascending easily the space of a mile, you shall haue wonne the top of the Cornish Archbeacon Hainborough, which (as little to great) may for prospect compare with Rama in Palestina, Henius in Medica, Collàlto in Italy, and Sceafel in the Ile of Man: for if the weathers darkenesse bounde not your eye∣sight, within his ordynarie extent, you shall thence

plainely discerne, to the Eastwards, a great part of De∣uon, to the West, very neere the lands end, to the North and South, the Ocean, and sundrie Ilands scattered therein, wherethrough it passeth also for a wonder.

Haynboroughs wide prospect, at once, Both feedes, and gluts your eye, With Cornwals whole extent, as it In length and breadth doth lie.

At Ladocke, in this Hundred, dwelleth master Peter Courtney, who doubly fetcheth his pedigree, from that honourable stocke, and embraceth the contentment of a quiet priuate life, before the publike charge in his Countrie, due to his calling, and to which long sithence, he hath bene called. His father married (as I haue shew∣ed) the daughter & coheire of Trethurffe, himselfe Reski∣mers, his sonne the daughter of Saintabyn: he beareth O. three Torteaux, and a File with as many Lambeaux, B.

Leo After, in the delightfull, and approued descrip∣tion of his Countrie, telleth vs of a blind guide, who would readily and safely conduct straunger trauailers, ouer the huge Deserts, with which that region aboun∣deth, and that the meanes he vsed, was, in certaine dist∣ances, to smell at the sand, which gaue him perfect no∣tice of the places.

Likewise, Lewes Guicciardin, in his booke of Nether∣land, maketh report of one Martyn Catelyn, borne at Weruicke in Flaunders, who falling blind before he at∣tained two yeeres age, grew, notwithstanding, by his owne industrie, without any teacher, to such a perfecti∣on in Timber handy-craft, as he could, not only turne,

and make Virginals, Organes, Vyolons, and such like In∣struments, with great facilitie, order, and proportion, but also tune, and handsomely play vpon them, and be∣sides, deuised many seruiceable tooles for his science.

These examples I thrust out before me, to make way, for a not much lesse straunge relation touching one Edward Bone, sometimes seruant to the said master Courtney: which fellow (as by the assertion of diuers credible persons, I haue beene informed) deafe from his cradle, and consequently dumbe, would yet bee one of the first, to learne, and expresse to his master, any newes that was sturring in the Countrie: especially, if there went speech of a Sermon, within some myles di∣stance, hee would repaire to the place, with the foonest, and setting himselfe directly against the Preacher, looke him stedfastly in the face, while his Sermon lasted: to which religious zeale, his honest life was also answer∣able. For, as hee shunned all lewd parts himselfe, so, if hee espied any in his fellow seruants, (which hee could and would quickely doe) his master should straight∣wayes know it, and not rest free from importuning, vn∣till, either the fellow had put away his fault, or their master his fellow. And to make his minde knowne, in this, and all other matters, hee vsed verie effectuall signes, being able therethrough, to receiue, and per∣forme any enioyned errand. Besides, hee was assisted with so firme a memorie, that hee would not onely know any partie, whome hee had once seene, for euer after, but also make him knowne to any other, by some speciall obseruation, and difference. Vpon a brother of his, God laide the like infirmitie, but did not recom∣pence it with the like raritie.

Somewhat neere the place of his birth? there dwelt another, so affected, or rather defected, whose name was Kempe: which two, when they chaunced to meete, would vse such kinde imbracements, such strange, often, and earnest rokenings, and such heartie laugh∣ters, and other passionate gestures, that their want of a tongue, seemed rather an hinderance to others con∣ceiuing them, then to their conceiuing one another.

Gwarnack, in this Hundred, was the Beuils ancient seate, whose two daughters and heires, married Arundel of Trerice, and Greinnile.

Wolueden, alias, Golden, fell vnto Tregian, by match with the Inheritrix thereof. Tregean signifieth the Gi∣ants towne: their sonne married in Lanherne house, their Graund-child with the L. Stourtons daughter: hee bea∣reth Erm. on a chiefe S. three Marilers O.

It standethin Probus Parish, whose high, and faire Church towre, of hewed Moore stone, was builded within compasse of our remembrance, by the well disposed Inhabitants: and here also dwelleth one Willi∣ams, a wealthie, and charitable Farmer, Graund-father to fixtie persons, how liuing, and able, lately to ride twelue myles in a morning, for being witnesse to the christening of a child, to whome hee was great great Graund-father.

From hence, drawing towards the Southsea, wee will touch at the late Parke of Lanhadron, because there groweth an Oke, bearing his leaues speckled with white, as doth another, called Painters Oke, in the Hun∣dred of East: but whether the former partake any super∣naturall propertie, to foretoken the owners-soone insu∣ing death, when his leaues are al of one colour (as I haue

heard some report) let those affirme, who better know it: certaine it is, that diuers auncient families in Eng∣land are admonished by such predictions.

Grampond, if it tooke that name from any great Bridge, hath now Nomen sine re: for the Bridge there is supported with onely a few arches, and the Corporation but halfe replenished with Inhabitants, who may bet∣ter vaunt of their townes antiquitie, then the towne of their abilitie.

Of Pentuan I haue spoken before. For the present, it harboureth master Dart, who as diuers other Gen∣tlemen, well descended, and accommodated in De∣uon, doe yet rather make choyce of a pleasing and reti∣red equalitie in the little Cornish Angle. Hee matched with Roscarrocke.

Penwarne, in the same Parish of Meuagesy, Alias S. Meuie, and Isy (two nothing ambitious Saints, in rest∣ing satisfied with the partage of so pettie a limit) is vefled in master Otwell Hill, as heire to his mother, the daugh∣ter and heire to Cosowarth, to whome it likewise accrued, by matching with the daughter and heire of that name: a seate, through his fruitfulnesse, and other appurtenan∣ces, supplying the owner large meanes of hospitalitie, and by him so imployed, who reckoneth to receiue most good, when he doth it. He deriueth himselfe from a populous, and well regarded familie in Lancashire, and matried the daughter of Denham: and beareth G. a Cheuron, betweene three Garbes Ermine.

Art he adioyning Saint Tue, dwelleth master Richard Tremayn, descended from a yonger brother of Colocumb house, in Deuon, who being learned in the lawes, is yet to learne, or atleast to practise, how he may make other

profit there by then by hoarding vp teasure of gratitude, in the mindfull brests of poore and rich, on whom hee, gratis, bestoweth the fruites of his paines and know∣ledge. He married Coffyn, hee beareth G. three Armes in circle ioyned at the Tronkes O. with hands proper.

Dudman, a wel knowne foreland to most Saylers, here shouldreth out the Ocean, to shape the same a large bosome betweene it selfe, and Rame head, which are wel-neere twentie myles in distance. Amongst sundrie prouerbs, allotting an impossible time of performance, the Cornishmen haue this one, When Rame-head and Dudman meet. Whose possession, yet, though not thē∣selues, met in Sir Peers Edgecumb, as inioying that, in right of his wife, and this, by descent from his Fa∣ther.

Bodrugan, a large demaines adioyning thereunto (which I will not deriue from Sir Bors du Ganis, though the neighbours so say) was the dwelling of Sir Henrie Trenowith, a man of great liuely-hood, who chaunged his name with the house, and lost house and holding, through attainder for rebellion, against king Henrie the seuenth. The king bestowed it, by an intailed gift, vpon Sir Richard Edgecumb.

Next, lyeth the foreremembred Carybayes (Kery haz in Cornish, signifieth to beare his seede, or as some other define it, delighting in seede) descended to M. Charles Treuanion, the present possessioner, by a long ranke of auncestors, from Arundels daughter and-heire: his father married the daughter of Morgan, and sister to the first Lord Hunsdons wife, which brought him an honourable ally. Three of this Gentlemans elder bre∣thren, Edward, Iohn, and Hugh, forewent him in suc∣cessioned

their fathers inheritance, and passed to the better world in a single life: himselfe by matching the daughter and heire of Witchalse, whose mother was co∣heire to Marwood, hath raised issue vnto them, and continueth the hope of posteritie. Sir William Treuanions his Graundfire, tooke to wife the said Sir Richard Edge∣cumbs daughter. The Treuanions Armes are A. a Fesse B. charged with three Escalops O. betweene two Che∣urons G.

Roseland, is a circuite, containing certaine Pa∣rishes hereabouts, and benefiting the owners with his fruitfulnesse, so that though the original of his name came (perhaps) as master Camden noteth, from his for∣mer thickets, yet his present estate better resembleth a flowrie effect.

By this time we approch the limits of Falmouth Ha∣uen, vpon one of whose Creekes, standeth the market and incorporate towne of Tregny, not specially memo∣rable (in my knowledge) for any extraordinarie worth, or accident.

Of better regard is Truro, alias, Truru, or Trisow, as the principall towne of the Hauen, priuiledged with a Mayraltie, and benefited with the generall Westerne Sessions, Coynages, Markets, Faires, &c. The shape of the towne, and Etymon of the name, may be learned out of this Cornish propheticall rime.

• Truru,
• Triueth cu,
• Ombdina geueth try ru,

Which is to say, Truro consisteth of three streetes,

and it shall in time bee said, Here Truro stood. A like mischiefe of a mysterie, they obserue, that in taking T. from the towne, there testeth ru, ru, which in English soundeth, Woe, Woe: but whatsoeuer shall become ther∣of hereafter, for the present, I hold it to haue got the start in wealth of anyother Gornish towne, and to come be∣hind none in buildings, Lanceston onely excepted, where there is more vse, and profit of faire lodgings, through the Countie Assizes. I wish that they would likewise deserue praise, for getting, and imploying their riches, in some industrious trade, to the good of their Countrie, as the Harbours oportunitie inviteth them.

Descending from Truro to the Hauens mouth, by water, you are ouer-looked, by sundrie Gentlemens commodious feates, as Fen ten golian, in English, the Ha••ts well, lately appertaining to master Carmynow by interpretation often louing, and now to master Holcomb, who married the daughter of master Peter Courtncy.

Master Sayers house, Ardeuora, inhabited by master Thomas Peyton, a Gentleman for his age and vertues, de∣seruing a regardfull estimation, Master Bef∣cawnes, Master Sayers: but amongst all, vpon that side of the riuer, Taluerne, for pleasant prospect, large scope and other hous-keeping commodities, chal∣lengeth the preeminence: it was giuen to a yonger bro∣ther of Lanhearne, for some six or seuen descents past, and hath bred Gent, of good worth and calling: amongst whom, I may not forget the late hind, & valiant Sir Iohn Arundell, who matched with Godolphin, nor Iohn his ver∣tuous, and hopeful succeeding sonne, who married with Carew; though this remembrance renew that sorrow, which once I partly expressed in the insuing Epitaph.

Seeke not, blind eyes, the liking with the dead, Tis earth you see: our Arundel is gone, To ioyne with Christ, as member to his head, And skernes, and pities, this our bootlesse mone. Yet pardon vs, sweete soule, mans nature beares, We, to thy losse, should sacrifice our teares.

Thou time hast changed to eternitie, But timelesse was that time, in our regard, Since ••••ught thou leau'st vs, saue the memorie Of thy deare worth, so soone not to be spared. Soft be the grine, vnrathy resting bones. Short be the date, that vs againe atones.

Vpon the East side of the Hauens entrance, Saint Maryes, alias, S. Mawes Castle, witly his Point-blanke Ordinance, comptrolleth any shipping, that deserue a deniall of admission or passage, and is commaunded by master Viuian, a Gentleman, who through his worth de∣serueth, and with due care and iudgement dischargeth, the Martiall and ciuill gouernments committed to his trust: hee beareth partie per fesse. Ar. and Vnsase 6. in chiefe, a Lyon rampant G.

We will close vp this Hundred, after our vsuall ma∣ner, with the Gentlemen of marke, but not orderly mar∣ked. Such are Tanner, who married the daughter of Rosi∣carrock: who beareth A. on a chiefe S. three Morions heads O. Pomeroy, a branch of Bery Pomeroy in Deuon: he beareth O. a Lyon rampāt G. who matched with Tanner, and whose daughter & heire apparant, hath taken to hus∣band the yong Penkeuil, who beareth A. two Cheurons, and in chiefe a Lyon passant G.

Polwheele, whose name in deduced from his dwelling and his dwelling may be interpreted▪ The mity worke, linked in wedlock with the coheire of Trin••••••••••e, in English, The towne of the borough. His mother was Lower of Trelask. Palwheel beareth S. a Saultier engray∣sed Erm.

Hearle, lineally desoended from sundry Knights, who wedded Treuanion: and his sonne Trestry

Hee beareth A. a Pesse G. betweene 3. Sheldrakes proper.

Sawle, who espoused Rashleigh: and his father, Kindall, &c. and beareth A. a Cheuron betweene 3. Fauleons heads erased S.

Pider. Hundred.

I Must now, for a while, bid the South sea late well, vn∣till a new oportunity call mee to end the other part of Falmouth hauen, and take the Hundred of Pider in taske▪ which confineth with Powder in situation, as it resembleth the same in denomination.

Pider in Cornish is 4. in English, and this is the fourth Hundred of Cornwall, if you begin your reckoning from the Wester part at Pen with, which (signifying a head) doth seeme so to requirele.

In entring this Hundred, Padstowe first presenteth it selfe, a towne and hauen of suteable quality, for both (though bad) are the best, that the North Cornish coast possesseth. The Borough gaue name to the harbour, and borrowed it of Petrock and Stowe, contracting the same into Padstowe. It hath lately purehased a cor∣poration, and reapeth greatest thrift, by traffiking

with Ireland, for which it commodiously lieth.

The harbor is barred with bāks of sand, made (through vniting their weake forces) sufficiētly strong, to resist the Oceans threatning billows, which (diuorced from their parent) find their rage subdued by the others lowly sub∣mission.

M. Nicholas Prideaux, from his new and stately house, thereby, taketh a ful and large prospect of the towne, ha∣uen, & countrey adioyning to all which, his wisdome is a stay, his authority a direction. He maried one of Viels coheires: and though endowed with fayre reuennues in Deuon ••aketh Cornwall beholde•• to his residence. He beareth A. a Cheuron S. in chiefe a fyle with three Lambeaux G.

The salt water leauing Padstowe, floweth vp into the countrey, that it may embrace the riuer Camel, and ha∣uing performed this naturall courtesie, ebbeth away againe, to yeeld him the ••••••er passage, by which meanes they, both vndergoe Wade bridge, the longest, stron∣gest, and fayresh that the Shine can muster. It tooke his name of a foorde adioyning, which affoordeth a way, not so safe, as compendious, when the tyde is out.

Wade bridge deliuereth you into a waste ground, where 9. long and great stones, called The sisters, stand in a ranke together, and seeme to haue bene so pitched, for continuing the memory of somewhat whose notice is yet enuied vs by time.

Neere to Belowdy, commonly, & not vnproperly, ter∣med Beelowzy, the too of a hill is enuironed with deep treble trenches, which leaue a large playne space in the midst: they call it Castellan Danis, of which my former

booke maketh mention, and it seemeth (in timespast) to haue bin a matter of moment, the rather, for that a great cawfey (now couered with grasse) doth lead vnto it.

Saint Colombs is a bigge parish, and a meane market towne, subiect to the Lordship and patronage of the Lanhearn Arundels, who for many descents; lye there interred, as the inscriptions on their graue stones doe testify.

Their name is deriued from Hirundelle, in French, a Swallow, & out of France, at the conquest they came, & sixe Swallows they giue in Armes. The Country people entitle them, The great Arundels: and greatest stroke, for loue, liuing, and respect, in the Countrey heretofore they bare.

Their sayd house of Lanhearne, standeth in the next parish, called Mawgan: Ladu is Cornish for a bank, and on a banke the same is seated, what hearne may meane, ignorance bids mee keepe silence. It is appurtenanced with a large scope of land, which (while the owners there liued) was employed to franke hospitality; yet the same wanted wood, in lieu whereof, they burned heath, and generally, it is more regardable for profit, then com∣mendable for pleasure. The Gent. now liuing, maried Anne the daughter of Henry Gern••••gham: his father (a man of a goodly presence and kinde magnanimity) ma∣ried the daughter of the Earle of Darby, and widdow to the L. Stourton. He beareth S. 6. Swallowes in pile A.

Little Colan hath lesse worth the obseruation, vnlesse you will detide, or pity their simplicity, who sought at our Lady Nants well there, to foreknowe what fortune should betide them, which was in this maner:

Vpon Palm Sunday, these idle-headed seekers resor∣ted thither, with a palme crosse in one hand, & an offring

in the other: the offring fell to the Priests share, the Crosse they threwe into the well; which if it swamme, the party should outliue that yeere; if it sunk, a short en∣suing death was boded: and perhaps, not altogether vn∣truely, while a foolish conceyt of this halsening might the sooner helpe it onwards. A contrary practise to the goddesse Iunoes lake in Laconia: for there, if the wheatē cakes, cast in vpon her festiuall day, were by the water re∣ceiued, it betokened good luck; if reiected, euill. The like is written by Pausanias, of Inus in Greece, and by o∣thers touching the offrings throwne into the fomace of mount Etoa in Sicill.

From hence, by the double duety of consanguinitie and affinity, I am called to stop at Colowarth, which in∣habitance altered the Inhabitants from their former French name Escudifer, in English, Iron shield, to his owne, as they prooue by olde euidence, not needing in the Norman Kings new birth; to be distinguished with the Raigners number.

Cosowarth, in Cornish, importeth The high groue: and well stored with trees it hath bene, neither is yet altoge∣ther destitute.

Iohn the heire of that house, hauing by the daughter of Williams, issue only one daughter Katherine, suffered part of his lands to descend vnto the children of her first husband, Alen Hill: another part hee intayled in her second marriage, with Arundel of Trerice, to their issue. The house of Cosowarth, and the auncient in he∣ritance there adioyning, he gaue to the heires male of his stock, by which conueyance, his vncle Iohn succeeded, who married the daughter of Sir Wil. Lock, King H. the 8. marchant, and by him knighted, for that with equall

courage, and hazard; hee tooke downe the Popes Bull, set vp at Antwerp against his Soueraigne. He had issue Thomas, Edward, Michael, Iohn, and Robert. Thomas ma∣ried the daughter of Samtubyn, on whom he begat Iohn and Dorothy: Iohn the elder and Robert, neuer tasted the sweet and sowre of bridale fruit.

Michael tooke to wife Sidenhams daughter of Dul∣•••…•••…rton in Somersetshire, and is father onely of issue fe∣male.

Hee addicteth himselfe to an Ecclesiasticall life, and therein ioyning Poetry with Diuinity, endeuoureth to imitate the holy Prophet Dauid, whose Psalmes, of his translation into English meeter▪ receiue the general ap∣plause, beyond a great many other wel-deseruing vn∣dertakers of the same taske.

Iohn the yongest; succeeding in this inheritance, vpon iust cause, good conscience, and gratefull kindenesse, re∣newed the intayle which his father Thomas had cut off, and in a single restate, and the vniuersall loue of all that conuersed with him, made a short period of his long hoped life: whose decease I bewayled in these times.

HE that at sea and land amidst his foes▪ By courage guided, sought, and scapt his death▪ Loe, here, amongst his friends▪ whom liking chose, And nature lent, hath vp resign'd his breath▪ Vnripened fruit in grouth▪ precious in hope▪ Rare in effect, had fortune giuen scope▪

Our eyes with teares performe thine obsequy, And hearts with sighes, since hands could yeeld none aid,

Our tongues with praise preserue thy memory, And thing his with grieft, since we behind are staid. Coswarth farewell, death which vs parts atwaine, E're long, in life, shall vs conioyne againe.

His sister maried Kendall.

Edward his vncle, and heire, by vertue of these en∣tayles, married the daughter of Arundel of Trerice, and from a ciuill Courtiers life in his younger yeeres, reposeth his elder age, on the good husbandry of the country, hauing raised posterity sufficient, for transplan∣ting the name into many other quarters. He beareth A. on a Cheuron betweene three wings B. fiue Be∣zants.

Against you haue passed towards the West some∣what more then a mile, Trerice, anciently, Treres, of∣treth you the viewe of his costly and commodious buildings. What Tro is, you know already, res signifi∣eth a rushing of fieeting away, and vpon the declyning of a hill the house is seated.

In Edward the 3. raigne, Ralphe Arundel matched with the heire of this land and name: since which time, his issue hath there continued, and encreased their liuely∣hood, by sundry like Inheritours, as S. Iohn, Iew, Durant, Thurlebear, &c.

Precisely to rip vp the whole pedigree, were more te∣dious, then behoouefull: and therefore I will onely (as by the way) touch some fewe poynts, which may serue (in part) to shew what place & regard they haue borne in the Common wealth.

There was an Indenture made, betweene Hugh Courtney, Earle of Deuon, Leiutenant to the King, for

a sea voyage, in defence of the Realme: and Sir Iohn Arundel of Trerice, for accompanying him there∣in.

He was Sherife of Cornwall.

Iohn Earle of Huntingdon, vnder his seale of Armes, made Sir Iohn Arundel of Trerice, Seneshall of his houshold, as well in peace, as in warre, gaue him ten pound fee, and allowed him entertaynment in his house, for one Gentleman, three Yeoman, one boy, and sixe horses.

The same Earle, stiling himselfe Lieutenant generall to Iohn Duke of Bedford, Constable and Admirall of England, wrote to the said Sir Iohn Arundel, then Vice-admirall of Cornwall, for the release of a ship, which hee had arrested by vertue of his office.

The Queene, by her letter, aduertised Iohn Arundel of Trerice Esquire, that she was brought in child-bed of a Prince.

The King wrote to Sir Iohn Arundel of Trerice, that he should giue his attendance at Canterbury, about the entertaynment of the Emperour, whose landing was then and there expected.

Iohn Arundel of Trerice Esquire, tooke prisoner, Dun∣cane Campbell, a Scot, in a fight at sea, as our Chronicle mentioneth, concerning which, I though it not amisse, to insert a letter sent him from Tho. Duke of Norfolke (to whom he then belonged) that you may see the stile of those dayes.

By the Duke of Norf.

RIght welbeloued, in our hearty wise we commend vs vnto you, letting you with that by your seruant this bearer wee haue receiued your letters, dated at Truru the 5. day of this moneth of, April, by which we perceyue the goodly, valiant, and ieopardous enterprise, it hath pleased God of late to send you, by the taking of Duncane Camel & other Scots on the sea of which enterprise we haue made relation vnto the Kings Highnesse, who is not a little ioyous and glad to heare of the same, and hath required vs instantly in his name, to giue you thanks for your said valiant courage, and bolde enterprise in the premises; and by these our letters for the same your so doing, we doe not onely, thanke you in our most effectuall wise but also promise you that during our life wee will bee glad to aduaunce you to any preferment we can. And ouer this, you shall vnder∣stand our said Soueraigne Lords pleasure is that you shall come and repaire to his Highnes, with diligence in your owne person▪ bringing with you the said Captiue, and the Master of the Scot∣tish ship; at which time, you shall not onely be sure of his especi∣all thanks by mouth & to know his further pleasure therein, but also of vs to further any your reasonable pursuits vnto his Highnes, or any other, during our life to the best of our power, accordingly▪

Written at Lambeth, the 11. day of Aprill a∣foresaid.

Superscribed: To our right welbeloued seruant, Iohn Arundell of Trerice.

The King wrote to Sir Iohn Ar. of Trerice touching his discharge from the Admiralty of the fleete lately committed vnto him, & that he should deliuer the ship which he sayled in, to Sir Nic. Poynts.

The same yere the King wrote to him againe, that he should attend him in his warres against the French king, with his seruants tenants, and others, within his roomes and offices, especially horsemen.

Other letters from the King there are, whose date is not expressed, neither can I by any meanes hunt it out.

One, to his seruant Iohn Arundel of Trerice Esquire, willing him, not to repaire with his men, and to wayte in the rereward of his army, as hee had commaunded him, but to keepe them in a readinesse for some other seruice.

Another to Sir. Iohn Arundel of Trerice praying and desiring him to the Court, the Quindene of Saint Hilla∣rie next, wheresoeuer the King shall then bee within the Realme.

There are also letters, directed to Sir Iohn Arundell of Trerice, from the Kings Counsell, by some of which it appeareth, that hee was Vice admirall of the Kings shippes, in the West seas, and by others, that hee had the goods and lands of certaine Rebels, giuen him, for his good seruice against them.

The Queene wrote to Sir Iohn Arundell of Trerice, praying and requiring him, that hee, with his friends and neighbours should see the Prince of Spaine most honourably entertained, if he fortuned to land in Corn∣wall.

Shee wrote to him (being then Sherife of Cornwall) touching the election of the Knights of the shire, and the Burgesses for the Parliament.

Shee likewise wrote to him, that (notwithstanding the instructions to the Iustices) hee should muster, and furnish his seruants, tenants, and others, vnder his rule and offices, with his friends, for the defence, and quie∣ting of the Countrie, withstanding of enemies, and any other imployment, as also to certifie, what force of horse and foote he could arme.

These few notes I haue culled out of many others. Sir. Iohn Arundell, last mentioned, by his first wife, the co∣heire of Beuill, had issue Roger, who died in his fathers life time, and Katherine, married to Prideaux: Roger by his wife Trendenham left behind him a sonne, called Iohn. Sir Iohns second wife, was daughter to Erisy, and widdow to Gourlyn, who bare him Iohn, his succeeder in Tretice, and much other faire reuenewes, whose due commendation, because another might better deliuer then my selfe, who touch him as neerely, as Tacitus did Agricola) I will therefore bound the same within his de∣sert, and onely say this, which all, who knew him, shall testifie with me: that, of his enemies, he would take no wrong, nor on them any reuenge; and being once re∣conciled, embraced them, without scruple or remnant of gall. Ouer his kinred, hee held a warie and charie care, which bountifully was expressed, when occasion so required, reputing himselfe, not onely principall of the family, but a generall father to them all. Priuate re∣spects euer, with him, gaue place to the common good: as for franke, well ordered, and continuall hospitalitie, he outwent all shew of competence: spare, but discreet

of speech, better conceiuing, then deliuering: equally stout, and kind, not vpon lightnesse of humour, but soundnesse of iudgement, inclined to commiseration, readie to relieue. Briefely, so accomplished in vertue, that those, who for many yeeres together wayted in neerest place about him, and, by his example, learned to hate vntruth, haue often deepely protested, how no cu∣rious obseruation of theirs, could euer descrie in him, any one notorious vice. By his first foreremembred wife, he had 4. daughters married, to Carew, Summaster, Cosowarth, & Denham: by his later, the daughter of Sir Ro∣bert Denis, 2. sonnes, and 2. daughters: the elder, euen from his young yeeres; began where his father left, and with so temperate a course, treadeth iust in his foote∣steps, that hee inheriteth, as well his loue, as his liuing. The younger brother followeth the Netherland wars, with so wel-liked a cariage, that hee outgoeth his age, and time of seruice, in preferment. Their mother equal∣leth her husbands former children, and generally all his kinred, in kind vsage, with her owne, and is by them all, againe, so acknowledged and respected.

Of Saint Peran, wee haue spoken before, which too well brooketh his surname, in Sabulo: for the light-sand, carried vp by the North wind, from the sea shore, daily continueth his couering, and marring the land adioy∣nant, so as the distresse of this deluge, draue the Inha∣bitants to remooue their Church: howbeit, when it meeteth with any crossing brooke, the same (by a secret antipathy) restraineth, and barreth his farder incroching that way.

In Withiell Parish of this Hundred, one Gidly, not many yeeres sithence, digged downe a little hillocke, or

Borough, call•…•…. Borsneeuas, in English, Cheapfull, there with to thicken his lother ground. In the bottome of which he found three white stones, triangle-wise (as pillers) supporting another flat one, some two foote and a halfe square, and in the midst betweene them, and vnder it; an earthen Pot, halfe full of a blacke, flymie, and ill-sauouring substance, which (doubtlesse) was once the ashes of so he notable person, there committed to that maner of buriall.

Saint Agnes, one of the high hils, which I specially re∣cited in my former booke, by his entrailes (like ••rome∣••heus) feedeth the Tynners pecking, or picking bils, with a long liue diprofit, albeit, their scarce Eagle eyes sometimes mistake the shadow for the substance, and so offer vp degenerate teares, as a late sacrifice to repen∣tance. The neighbours haue obserued, that of two Lakes, heere adioyning to this hill, and so each to other the one will foster fish; and the other none at all.

Neyther may I omit newe Kaye, a place in the North coast of this Hundred, so called, because in for∣mer times, the neighbours attempted, to supplie the defect of nature, by Art, in making there a Kay, for the Rode of shipping, which conceyt they still retaine, though want of means in themselues, or the place, haue left the effect in Nubibus: and onely lent them the bene∣fit of Lestercockes and fisher-boates.

I cannot finish this Hundred, with the relation of many more Gentlemen, eyther through want of them, or in my selfe Tirenance added to his owne liuelyhood, the possessions of Littleton, to whome, as sisters sonne, and generall heire, hee succeeded: he married Kendall, and his sonne Roscarrocke: hee beareth A. A Fesse, be∣tweene

three Swords S.

There dwelleth also Master Tredeniak, who matched with the daughter of Viuian, and his father, of Marow, who beareth O. on a bend S. three Buckes heads ca∣based A. As also Langherne B. a Cheuron betweene 3. Escalops O. Burlace, A. on a bend S. two hands tearing in sunder a horse-shooe of the field; and others.

Kerier Hundred.

KEry in Cornish, signifieth bearing: and yet you must beare with me, if I forbeare to deriue Kerier here∣from, vntill I see some reason for my warrant: where∣fore leauing that, I will weaue on my former webbe of Falmouth hauen; and first, a word or two touching the same in generall, ere I descend to the yet vndescribed West side in particular.

The riuer Fala, falling here, into the seas wide-gaping mouth, hath endowed it with that name.

In the very entrance of the harbour lyeth a rocke, rather disgracing, then endamaging the same: for with the cbbe it is discouered, and at the flood, marked by a pole purposely fixed thereupon. For the rest, such as compare Plymmouth and Falmouth together, obserue, that Plymmouth creekes are mostly coasted with plaine shoares; Falmouth, with steepe: which maketh that, the more delightfull for prospect, this, the more safe for ri∣ding. Againe, they say that Falmouth lyeth farther out in the trade way, and so offreth a sooner oportunity to wind-driuen shipping, then Plymmouth, but that Plym∣mouth hath a better outlet, from his Catwater, for say∣lers

bound to the Westwards, and from Hamoase, for those that would fare to the East, then Falmouth. Like∣wise as Plymmouth vaunteth richer and fairer townes, and greater plentie of fish then Falmouth: so Falmouth braggeth, that a hundred sayle may Anker within his circuite, and no one of them see the others top, which Plymmouth cannot equall. Howsoeuer they agree for competence among themselues, the worst of them, by most mens iudgements, hath the precedence (Mil∣ford onely excepted) of all other Hauens in England. And thus much of the whole. Now to the parts.

On the West side, at the verie comming in, there ri∣seth a hill, called Pendenis, where king Henrie the eight, when hee tooke order for fortifying the Sea coasts, cau∣sed a Castle to bee builded, with allowance of a pettie Garrison, and some small store of Ordinance. Another, somewhat like thereto in plot, but different in sight, was then erected in the other side, at Saint Mawes, of which I haue spoken heretofore.

Saint Mawes lieth lower, and better to annoy ship∣ping: but Pendenis standeth higher, and stronger to de∣fend it selfe. It should seeme, the fortifier made his ad∣uantage of the commoditie, affoorded by the ground, and shot rather at a safe preseruing the Harbour, from sodaine attempts of little Fleetes, and the mastering of Pirates, then to withstand any great Nauie, or maigne inuasion.

But her Maiestie casting an equall eye to both, or rather a sharper sight to this later, as quickned through the enemies diuers pretences against these places (wher∣of Falmouth, by myracle, not prouidence, escaped one) raysed a newe fort with a Garrison, vpon the

Hawe at Plymmouth, and at her great charges, with some litte helpe of the Countrie, added an increase of fortification, and souldiers to Pendenis. Howbeit, his greatest strength consisteth in Sir Nicholas Parker, the Gouernour, who demeaning himselfe, no lesse kindly, and frankly towards his neighbours, for the present, then hee did resolutely, and valiantly, against the ene∣mie when he followed the warres; therethrough com∣maundeth, not onely their bodies, by his authoritie, but also their hearts, by his loue, to liue and die in his assistance, for their common preseruation; and her Highnesse seruice: hee beareth B. Frettie, and A. a Fesse O.

After the declining hill hath deliuered you downe from this Castle, Arwenacke entertaineth you, with a pleasing view: for the same standeth so farre within the Hauens mouth, that it is protected from the sea stormes, and yet so neere thereunto, as it yeeldeth a ready passage out. Besides, the Cliffe, on which the house abbutteth, is steepe enough to shoulder off the waues, and the ground about it, plaine and large enough for vse and recreation.

It is owed by Master Iohn Killigrew, who married the daughter of Monck, and heire to her mother and was sonne to Sir Iohn Killigrew, who matched with Woluerstone: the stocke is ancient, and diuers of the bran∣ches (as I haue elsewhere remembred) growne to great aduancement, in calling and liuely-hood, by their grea∣ter desert: their Armes are A. an Eagle with two heads displayed within a bordure Bezanty S.

Somewhat aboue Arwenacke, Trefuses point di∣uideth the harbour, and yeeldeth a seuerall Ankering

place on eche side there of, the one called Carrack rode, the other, kings rode.

This Promontory is possessed and inhabited by a Gentleman of that name, who suitably to his name, giueth three Fusils for his coat, in this sort: A. a Che∣uron betweene three Fusils S. He maried the coheire of Gaurigan, and M. Wil. Godolphin late yonger brother to Sir Frauncis, her other sister.

Vpon the left hand from hence, at the top of a creek, Perin towne hath taken vp his seat, rather passable, then noteable, for wealth, buildings, and Inhabitants: in all which, though neerer the hauens thouth, it giueth Tru∣ro the preeminence: the like whereof I obserue, tou∣ching diuers other townes, of the same situation, in Deuon, as Salcomb, and kings bridge, Dartmouth, and Totnes, Tops••…••…ain, and Excester: amongst which, those that stand highest vp in the Countrey, affoord there∣through, a fitter oportunity of accesse, from all quarters, and so a speedyer and larger vent of their commodi∣ties.

In Perin was Glasney Colledge, founded by Wal∣ter Brounscomb, & benefited by Iohn Graundson, Bishops of Excester, which See possesseth faire reuennues there∣abouts.

Vpon another crecke on the same side, Carclew hath (after the Cornish maner) welneere metamorphosed the name of Master Bonithon, his owner, into his owne. He maried the daughter of Vinian, his father of Killigrew, his graundfather of Erisy, and beareth A. a Cheuron betweene 3. Floures deluce. S.

With any memorable act or accident, concerning

this hauen, I cannot acquaint you, before my perting therefrom, saue onely, that Philip, Arch-duke of Aus∣triche, during his voyage from Netherland towards Spayne (his wiues kingdome) was weather-driuen into Weymouth, and, with a kinde constraint, receyued a more royall, then welcome entertainment, at the hands of King Henrie the 7. from which hee could not free himselfe, but by redeeming his libertie, with De la Pooles captiuity. This accomplished, he made ehoyce to take ship againe at Falmouth, that so by the shortest eut, hee might leaue least power in fortune, to thwart him any second incumbrance.

Hailford, so called, of the fordable riuer Haill, if else∣where placed, would carry the reputation of a good harbour; but as it now standeth. Falmouths ouer-neere neighbourhood, lesseneth his vse, and darkeneth his re∣putation, as quitting it onely to the worst sort of Sea∣farers, I meane Pirats, whose guilty brests, with an eye in their backs, looke warily how they may goe out, ere they will aduenture to enter; and this at vnfortifyed Hailford, cannot be controlled: in which regard, it not vnproperly brooketh his more common terme of Hel∣ford, and the nick-name of Stealfoord.

His shores affoord commodious seates, to the dwel∣lings of Reskimer, who maried S. Abin, and beareth B. 3. barres A. in chiefe, a Wolfe passant of the first: and Tregose, who matched with Kendal: his sonne with Erisy, and beareth B. two barres Gemewes in chiefe a Lyon passant O. armed and langued G.

And if your eares be not already cloyed with relati∣on of wonders, I will let you vnderstand, how I was once carried to see one hereabouts. It is (forsooth) a

great rock, lying vpon the ground, his top deepned to a hollownesse, not much vnlike in fashion, but far excee∣ding in proportion, the long halfe of an egge. This (they say) holdeth water, which ebbeth and floweth as the sea, and, indeed, when I came thither, the tide was halfe out, and the pit halfe empty. By it there stands a Chappell, & to it there belonged a couer, so as the same seemed, in former times, to cary some regard. But I haue heard credible persons so discredit this woonder, that I dare not offer it you, as probable, much lesse thrust it vpon you, as approoued. The name thereof is, Hanterdauis, which (turning d to t) signifieth halfe a tongue.

More certaine, though lesse wonderfull, and yet, for the strangenesse, wel worth the viewing, is Mainamber: Mayne, is a rocke, amber, as some say, signifyeth Am∣brose. And a great rocke the same is, aduaunced vpon some others of a meaner size, with so equall a coun∣terpeyze, that the push of a finger, will sensibly moue it too and fro: but farther to remooue it, the vnited forces of many shoulders are ouer-weake. Where∣fore the Cornish wonder-gatherer, thus deservbeth the same.

BE thou thy mother natures worke, Or proofe of Giants might: Worthlesse and ragged though thou shew, Yet art thou worth the sight. This hugy rock, one fingers force Apparently will moue; But to remooue it, many strengths Shall all like feeble prooue.

Helston, in Cornish, Hellaz, in English, the greene hall, is a well seated and peopled towne, priuiledged, secun∣dum vsum, with the rest, and one of the 4. Coynage places.

Vnder it runneth the riuer Lo, whose passage into the sea, is thwarted by a sandy banke, which forceth the same to quurt back a great way, and so to make a poole of some miles in compasse. It breedeth a peculiar kind of bastard Trought, in bignesse and goodnes exceeding such as liue in the fresh water, but comming short of those that frequent the salt.

The foreremembred bank serueth as a bridge, to de∣liuer wayfarers, with a compendious passage, to the o∣ther side; howbeit, sometimes with more haste then good speed: for now and then, it is so pressed on the in∣side, with the increasing riuers waight, and a portion of the vtter sand, so washed downe by the waues; that at a sudden, out breaketh the vpper part of the poole, and away goeth a great deale of the sand, water, and fish: which instant, if it take any passenger tardy, shrewd∣ly endangereth him, to flit for company: and some haue so miscarried.

To this poole adioyneth M. Penrose his house, whose kinde entertainment hath giuen mee, and many others experience of these matters. He maried the daughter of Rashleigh: he beareth A. 3. Bendes S. charged with 9. restes of the field.

Those 2. riuers of Haill and Lo, rising not farre asun∣der, doe enclose betweene them, as they runne into the sea, a neck of land, particularized with the name of Me∣neag: and in regard of his fruitfulnesse, not vnworthy of a seuerance.

Within this circuit, lie Trelawarren M. Viuians house, and Erisy, seated in 2. parishes, and descended, by a long ranke of ancestours, to the Gent. of that name, now in ward. His father married Carew: his graundsire, one of Militons coheires, who ouerliuing her husband, en∣ded the course of her long and well commended wid∣dowhood, in becomming Lady to Sir Nicholas Parker, The E••zies beare S. a Cheuron, betweene 3. Griffons Sergreant O.

Clowance (deriued from Cloow, which signifieth, to heare) is the possession and dwelling of M. Saintabin, whose very name (besides the conquest roll) deduceth his first ancestours out of Fraunce. His graundfather married Greinuile: his father, one of Whittingtons co∣heires: which later couple, in a long and peaceable date of yeeres, exercised a kinde, liberall, and neuer disconti∣nued hospitality. Himselfe tooke to wife the daughter of Mallet, and with ripe knowledge and sound iudge∣ment, dischargeth the place which he beareth in his Countrey. Hee beareth O. on a crosse G. fiue Be∣zaunts.

Pengueraz, in Cornish importeth a head to help; from which, some deduce the Etymon of Pengersick, a fayre house, in an vnfruitfull soyle, sometimes the inhabitance of M. Militon, Captaine of the Mount, and husband to Godolphin, whose sonne being lost in his trauaile beyond the seas, enriched 6. distafs with his inheritance. They were bestowed in mariage (but by me not orderly mar∣shalled) as followeth: 1. to Erisy, and Sir Nicholas Par∣ker. 2. to Laniue, 3. to Trefuses, and Treg••deck, 4. to Trenwith, Arundel, and Hearle, 5. to Bonithon. 6. to Abbot.

Not farre from thence, riseth Godolghan ball, or hill, at whose foote standeth a house of the same name, and so intitling his owner, though lately declined (with a milder accent) to Godolphin: in Cornish, it signifieth, a white Eagle: and such armes they carry in this sort: G. an Eagle displayed with two heads, betweene three Floures de luce A.

This hill hath, for diuers descents, supplyed those Gent. bountifull mindes, with large meanes accruing from their Tynne-works, and is now possessed by Sir Frauncis Godolphin Knight, whose zeale in religion, vp∣rightnesse in Iustice, prouidence in gouernment, and plentifull housekeeping, haue wonne him a very great and reuerent reputation in his Countrey: and these vertues, together with his seruices to her Maiestie, are so sufficiently knowne to those of highest place, as my testimony can adde little light thereunto: but by his la∣bours and inuentions in Tynne matters, not onely the whole Countrey hath felt a generall benefit, so as the seuerall owners haue thereby gotten very great profit out of such refuse works, as they before had giuen ouer for vnprofitable; but her Maiesty hath also receyued encrease of her customes by the same, at least to the va∣lue of 10. thousand pound. Moreouer, in those works which are of his owne particular inheritance, hee conti∣nually keepeth at work, three hundred persons or there∣abouts, & the yerely benefit, that out of those his works accrueth to her Maiestie, amounteth, communibus annis, to one thousand pound at the least, and sometimes to much more. A matter very remorceable, and perchaunce not to be matched againe by any of his sort and condi∣tion in the whole Realme. He succeeded to the inheri∣tance

of his vnkle Sir William Godolphin, who, as hath bene said before, demeaned himselfe verie valiantly in a charge which hee bare at Boloigne, towards the latter end of the reigne of King Henry the 8. & is like to leaue the same to another Sir William his sonne, who giueth hope, not onely of the sustaining, but increasing of the reputation of his family. Hee matched with Killigrew, his father with Bonythou, his Graund-father with Glynne.

Diuers other Gentlemen there dwell in this Hun∣dred, as Lanyne, the husband of Kekewitch, his father married Militon, and beareth S. a Castle, A. standing in waues B. ouer the same a Faulcon houering with bels O. Pernwarne, that matched with the coheire of Tencreek, who beareth S. a Cheuron betweene three Flowers de luce A. Lagherne, who tooke to wife the daughter of Nants, and beareth B. a Cheuron betweene three Esca∣lops, O. Nansperyan coupled in matrimonie, with and his two daughters and heires apparent, with Pride∣aux, and Mathew: who beareth A. three Losenges S.

Penwith Hundred.

MY last labour, for closing, vp this wearisome Sur∣uey, is bounded, as Cornwall it selfe, and so the West part of England, with Penwith Hundred. The name, in English signifieth, the head of Ashen trees, be∣like, for some such eminent marke, while the Countrie was better stored of Timber. The Danes sayling about Penwith Steort (saith Houeden) made foule hauocke, in Deuon and Cornwall.

Vpon the North sea, lieth Nants, which importeth a valley, and houseth a Gent. who therethrough, hath worne out his former name, of Trengoue, in English, the Smithes towne, and assumed this: he married Sir Iohn Arundels daughter of Trerice: and beareth A. a crosse hau∣med S. During summer season, the Seales haunt a Caue, in the Cliffe thereby, and you shall see great store of them, apparently shew themselues, and approch verie neere the shore, at the sound of any lowde musicke, or other such noyse.

Beyond Nants, M. Basses possesseth Tehiddy, who married Godolphin, his father Caffyn: hee beareth O. three Piles in point G. a Canton Er. with a difference.

And so, leauing these priuate Inhabitances, & keeping still the North coast, we arriue at the towne, and port of S. Ies: both of meane plight, yet, with their best meanes, (and often, to good and necessarie purpose) succouring distressed shipping. Order hath bene taken, and attempts made, for bettering the Road, with a Peere, but eyther want, or slacknesse, or impossibilitie, hitherto withhold the effect: the whiles, plentie of fish is here taken, and sold verie cheape.

As you row to the Westwards from hence, the sea floweth into a large Caue, farder vp, then any man durst yet aduenture to discouer, and the Cliffes thereabouts muster long strakes of a glittering hiew, which import a shew of Copper: and Copper mynes are found, and wrought in the grounds adioyning.

M. Camden obserueth, that neere hereunto, stood the watch-towre, mencioned by Orosius, and oppositely pla∣ced to such another in Galitia.

Stepping ouer to the South sea, (for the distaunce

is in comparison, but a step) S. Michaels mount looketh so alost, as it brooketh no concurrent, for the highest place. Ptolomey termeth it Ocrinum, the Cornish men, Cara Cowz in Clowze, that is, The hoare rocke in the wood. The same is sundred from the mayne land, by a sandy playne, of a flight shoot in breadth, passable, at the ebbe, on foote; with boat, on the flood. Your artiuall on the farther side, is entertayned by an open greene, of some largenesse, which finishing where the hill begin∣neth, leaues you to the conduction of a winding and craggy path; and that at the top, deliuereth you into a little plaine, occupied, for the greatest part, by a fort of the olde making. It compriseth lodgings for the Cap∣tayne and his garrison, and a Chappell for deuotion. This latter, builded by Will. Earle of Morton, to whom William the Conquerour his vncle, gaue much lands in those quarters, and greatly haunted, while folke endured their merits, by farre trauailing. They haue a tye pit, not so much satisfying vse, as relieuing necessitie. A little without the Castle, there is a bad seat in a craggy place, called S. Michaels Chaire, somewhat daun∣gerous for accesse, and therefore holy for the aduen∣ture.

Vntill Richard the firsts raigne, the mount seemeth to haue serued onely for religion, and (during his imprison∣ment) to haue bene first fortified by Henry de la Pomeray, who surprized it, and expulsed the Monks: howbeit soone after, when hee became ascertained of his So∣ueraignes enlargement, the very feare of ensuing harme wrought in him a present effect of the vttermost that any harme could bring, namely, his death: whereon, the olde cell and new fort, was surrendred to the Arch∣bishop

of Canterbury, in the Kingsbehalfe. Thus Houe∣den reporteth. But the descendents from this Pomeroy, alias, Pomeroy, make a somewhat different relation of this accident: for they affirme, that a Sergeant at armes of the Kings, came to their auncestour, at his Castle of Bery Pomeroy, in Deuon, receyued kind entertaynment for certaine dayes together, and at his departure, was gratified with a liberall reward: in counter-change whereof, he then, and no sooner, reuealing his long con∣cealed errand, flatly arresteth his hoaste, to make his im∣mediate appearance before the King, for answering a capitall crime. Which vnexpected and il-carryed mes∣sage, the Gent. tooke in such despite, as with his daggen hee stabbed the messenger to the heart: and then well knowing in so suparlatiue an offence, all hope of pardon foreclosed, he abandons his home, gets to a sister of his abiding in this mount, bequetheth a large portion of his land to the religious people there, for redeeming his soule: and lastly, causeth himselfe to be let bloud vn∣to death, for leauing the remainder to his heire: from which time forward, this place continued rather a schoole of Mars, then the Temple of peace. For shortly after the discomfiture of H. the 6. party, by Ed. the 4. at Barnet field, Iohn Earle of Oxford, who had made one, and one of the principall on the weaker side, arri∣ued heere by shipping, disguised himselfe, with some of his followers, in Pilgrims habits, therethrough got en∣trance, mastred the garrison, and seyzed the place. Which, thus politikely wonne, hee as valiantly kept, and kept a long time defended against the Kings power, vntill reasonable conditions swayed him to a surren∣der.

A like surprize, but of later date, I read in Popeliniere, touching the like named and seated mount, in Nor∣mandy.

During the last Cornish commotion, diuers Gent. with their wiues and families, fled to the protection of this place, where the Rebels besieged them, first wyn∣ning the plaine at the hils foote, by assault, when the water was out, and then, the euen ground on the top, by carrying vp great trusses of hay before them, to blench the defendants sight, and dead their shot. After which, they could make but slender resistance: for no sooner should any one within, peepe out his head, ouer those inflanked wals, but he became an open marke to a whole showre of arrowes. This disaduantage, together with the womens dismay, & decrease of victuals, forced a surrender to those Rakehels mercy, who, nothing guilty of that effeminate vertue, spoyled their goods, impriso∣ned their bodies, and were rather by Gods gracious prouidence, then any want of will, purpose, or at∣tempt, restrayned from murdering the principall per∣sons.

Heere also, was the Lady Katherine Gordon (an vnfit yoke-fellow for that counterfeit Prince, Perkin Warbeck) taken by the L. Daubney, and conueyed to the King. Of this, as the last wonder.

Who knowes not Mighels mount and chaire, The Pilgrims holy vaunt: Both land, and Iland, twise a day, Both fort, and port of haunt.

Vnder the mount extendeth a bay, for lesser vessels to

lie at: and betweene it and the Westerne shoare, there is an indifferēt good road for shipping, sauing vpon some winds, called the Moūts bay: where, by Froiss arts report, Sir Robert Knolles landed, what time his returne out of Fraunce, was by K. Ed. the 3. commaunded, and for his valiant exployts there, atchieued, very graciously wel∣comed.

Ouer-against the Mount, fronteth a towne, of petty fortune, pertinently named Marcaiew, of Marhas diow, in English, the Thursdaies market; for then it vseth this traffike. At the beginning of K. H. the 8. raigne, it felt the Frenchmens fiery indignation, who landed there with 30. sayle. But the smoke of those poore houses, calling in the country to the refcusse, made the place ouer hote for the enemies any longer abode.

Mousehole, in Cornish, is named Borternis, and in La∣tine, Portus Insulae, both importing one sense, to wit, the Hand hauen, and so called, through a little Iland placed before it.

M. Holinshed telleth vs, that neere heereunto, not many yeeres sithence, certayne Tynners, as they were working, found Speareheads, Battel-axes, and swords of Copper, wrapped in lynnen clouts, and little impay∣red through their long lying.

Pensans, by interpretation, The Saints head, is a mar∣ket towne, not so regardable for his substance, as memo∣rable for his late accident of the Spaniards firing, which fell out in this maner▪

The three & twentieth of Iuly; 1595 soone after the Sun was raised, and had chased a fogge, which before kept the sea out of sight, 4. Gallies of the enemy presented themselues vpon the coast, ouer-against Mousehole,

and there in a faire Bay, landed about two hundred men, pikes and shot, who foorthwith sent their for∣lorne hope, consisting of their basest people, vnto the stragled houses of the countrie, about halfe a mile com∣passe or more, by whome were burned, not onely the houses they went by, but also the Parish Church of Paul, the force of the fire being such, as it vtterly rui∣ned all the great stonie pillers thereof: others of them in that time, burned that fisher towne Mowsehole, the rest marched as a gard for defence of these firers. The Inha∣bitants being feared with the Spaniards landing and burning, fled from their dwellings, and verie meanely weaponed, met with Sir Francis Godolphin on a greene, on the West side of Pensance, who that forenoone comming from his house, for pacifying some contro∣uersies in those Westerne parts, and from the hils espy∣ing the fires in that towne, Church, and houses, haste∣ned thither: Who foorthwith sent to all the Captaines of those parts, for their speedie repaire with their com∣panies, and also sent by Poast to Sir Francis Drake, and Sir Iohn Hawkins (then at Plymmouth with a fleete bound for the Indies) aduertisement of the arriuall of these foure Gallies, and of their burnings, aduising them to looke to themselues, if there were any greater fleete of the enemies at Sea, and to send West with all haste, what succours by sea or land they could spare. Then Sir Francis Godalphin aduised that weake assembly, to retire into Pensance, and to prepare it for defence, vntill the comming of the Countrie forces that hee had sent for. But they finding themselues in number something a∣boue a hundred, wherein were about thirtie or fortie shot, though scarce one third of them were seruiceable,

insisted to march against the enemies, to repell them from farther spoyles of their houses.

But while they were marching towards them, the Spaniards returned aboord their Gallyes, and presently remooued them farther into the Bay, where they an∣chored againe, before and neere a lesser fisher towne, called Newlyn.

There againe with all speede they landed, and imbat∣telled in the slope of a hill, about foure hundred pikes and shot, sending about two rankes of souldiers, three in a ranke, vp to the top of the hill, to discouer what forces or ambushes of the Countrey might lye in view: who espying none but those that were returned with Sir Frauncis Godolphin, from their forementioned fruit∣lesse march, gaue notice thereof to their imbattelled company. Wherevpon they forthwith marched to∣wards Penzance.

Vpon their moouing, Sir Frauncis Godolphin moued also, to enter Penzance before them: and assoone as that weake number were entred into the open greene being of three quarters of a mile length, the Gallyes ceased not to plye them all that way with their ordi∣nance from their prowes, as busily as they could. Of which shot, though none were hurt, but onely a Con∣stable vnhorsed without any harme, sauing the shew on his doublet of the bullets sliding by his back, yet many in fearefull maner, some fell flat to the ground, and others ranne away.

Sir Frauncis sent after those that were entred Pen∣zance before him, that they should make their stand at the market place, himselfe staying hindmost, to obserue

the enemies order, and which way they would make their approach. Which done, he found at the said mar∣ket place but onely two resolute shot, who stood at his commaund, and some ten or twelue others that follo∣wed him, most of them his owne seruants; the rest, sur∣prised with feare, fled, whom, neither with his perswa∣sions, nor threatning with his rapier drawne, hee could recall.

Finding himselfe thus abandoned, and the enemies entred the towne in three parts, hee was then forced to depart, the enemies beginning their fire some houses behinde him. The towne thus fired, as also the fore∣mentioned little fisher towne Newlyn, they returned againe to their Gallies.

By this time, towards the euening, the Cornish forces encreased in nomber, and amended in heart, encamped themselues on the greene, neere to the towne of Mar∣kesew and S. Michaels Mount, for defence thereof, and there spent out the night. The next day the enemy made showe to land againe on the West side of the bay; but seeing the people, though few in number, yet resolute to resist, they desisted from their enterprize: and besides, finding themselues annoyed by the shooting of bullets and arrowes into their Gallies where they roade at an∣chor, they were forced to remoue them farther off.

Soone after, viz. on the 25. of Iuly in the morning, came thither Sir Nic. Clifford, Sir H. Power, and certaine other Captaines, who were sent by the Generals from Plym mouth to the campe: As some of her Maiesties ships were also sent, who being come as farre as the Li∣zard head, & those Captaines to the camp, matters there

goe on in prouident and orderly sort, a plot is layd for intercepting the enemy by ambush, if he thrust on shore againe, whereto necessity must soone haue pressed him, for renuing his consumed store of fresh water: but with∣in one houre after the arriuall of these Captaines, the winde, which was vntill then strong at Southeast, with mist and rayne, to haue impeached the Gallies returne, suddenly changed into the Northwest, with very fayre and cleare weather, as if God had a purpose to preserue these his rods for a longer time. The winde no sooner came good, but away pack the Gallies with all the haste they could.

Thus haue you a summary report of the Spaniards glorious enterprise, and the Cornish mens infamous co∣wardise, which (were there any cause) I could qualify by many reasons, as, the suddennesse of the attempt, the narrownesse of the coūtry, the opennesse of the towne, the aduantage of the Gallies ordinance on a people vn∣prepared against such accidents, through our long con∣tinued peace, & at that very time, for the most part, ey∣ther in their Tynne-workes, or at sea, who e're the next day made resistance, euen with a handfull, and entred a vowed resolution, to reuenge their losse at the next en∣counter, if the enemy had landed againe.

So might I likewise say, that all these circum∣stances meeting in any other quarter of the Realme, would hardly haue produced much better effects. But I will not seeke to thrust my Countrymen into any other folkes company, for shifting them out of sight.

Verily such sudden surprizes worke more indignity

then dammage, and more dammage then disgrace, and haue so beene euer construed. Moscho, a head Citie in a populous dominion, was burned by the roguing Tartars, anno Domini 1572. The Capitoll, a head for∣tresse, in a populous Citie, was taken by slaues and out∣lawes, anno vrbis, 292. and yet, who therefore exalteth the Tartars valiancy, aboue the Moschouite, or the Ro∣manes slaues & outlawes, aboue their masters? Besides, such nap-taking assaults, spoylings, and firings, haue in our forefathers daies, betweene vs and Fraunce, beene very common; and yet, who is so witlesse, as to twite ey∣ther of both, for the same?

But least hold can the author, and actor of this Tra∣gedy take, to build any vaunt hereon: for oftentimes small troups of ours, against farre greater forces of theirs, yea (sometimes) after forewarning, and preparance, haue wonne, possessed, ransacked, synged, captiued, and carri∣ed away the townes, wealth, and Inhabitants, not onely of their Indies, but of Portugall and Spaine it selfe. Which Nombre de dios, S. Domingo, Cartagena, the lower towne of the Groigne, Penecha, the suburbs of Lisbone, and Cales wil testify, beyond all exception. But our Countrymen leauing reason & example, excuse themselues by destiny. In fatis they say (& not in fatuis) it was, that the Cornish people should vndergo this misfor∣tune: for an ancient prophecy, in their owne language, hath long run amongst thē, how there should land vpon the rock of Merlin, those that would burn Pauls Church, Pensants, and Newlyn. And indeed, so is the rocke cal∣led, where the enemy first stept on shore. The prophesy is this:

E••…••…ra ••••yre•• wa•• meant Merlyn Ara Les••••y Pawle Pensanz ha Newlyn.

Not farre from the lands ende, there is a little village, called Trebegean, in English, The towne of the Giants graue: neere whereunto, and within memory (as I haue beene informed) certayne workemen searching for Tynne, discouered a long square vault, which contayned the bones of an excessiue bigge carkas, and verified this Etimology of the name.

At Saint Buriens, a parish of great circuit, and like be∣nefit to the Incumbent, King Athelstane accomplished his vowe, in founding a Colledge of Priests, what time he had conquered the Sillane Ilands.

Chiwarton signifyeth a house on the greene lay, and a Castle on a greene hill is giuen by the Gent. of that name, who, in a quiet single life, maketh no farther vse of his knowledge gotten in the lawes, during his younger age, or that experience, wherewith a long course of yeeres hath sithence enriched him, then may tend, sine lucro, to the aduauncement of publike iustice, or, sine strepitu, to the aduisement of his priuate ac∣quaintance. Hee beareth A. a Castle S. Standing on a hill. V.

Sundry other Gentlemen people that remote quar∣ter, as Lauelis, &c. touching whom I must plead, non sum informatus.

Diogenes, after he had tired his Scholers with a long Lecture, finding at last the voyde paper, Bee glad, my friends (quoth hee) wee are come to harbour. With the like comfort, in an vnlike resemblance, I will refresh

you, who haue vouchsafed to trauaile in the rugged and wearysome path of mine ill-pleasing stile, that now your iourny endeth with the land; to whose Promontory (by Pomp. Mela, called Bolerium: by Diodorus, Velerium: by Volaterane, Hele∣nium: by the Cornish, Pedn an laaz: and by the English, The lands end) be∣cause we are arriued, I will heere sit mee downe and rest.

Deo gloria: mihi gratia.

1602. April. 23.

Notes

• Cornish∣men in generall.
• Anno Do. 509.
• 519.
• 590.
• 688.
• 720.
• 750.
• 809.
• 937.
• Limits.
• Tribute.
• 997.
• 1068.
• 1113.
• 1227.
• 1339.
• 1471.
• 1485.
• 1497. Rebellion
• 1549.
• Particu∣lar de∣scription,
• East Hūdred. Plymouth hauen.
• Rame head.
• Causam Bay.
• S. Nicho∣las Iland.
• The bridge.
• Mount Edgecub.
• Weststone house.
• Hamose.
• Milbrook.
• 2. chil∣drē borne in 10. weekes.
• Gellius li. Cap. 16. Schone∣rus.
• Leuinus Lemnius occul. nat. miracu∣lis.
• Lib. 7. Cap. II.
• A salt∣water pond.
• Var. Hist. Lib. 3. Cap. 75. Lib. 9. Cap. 7.
• A plot for a bā∣queting house.
• Beggers Iland.
• Sheuiock.
• Crasthole
• S. Ger∣manes.
• Cudden∣beak.
• Seaton.
• Trema∣ton.
• Saltash.
• Carrack.
• Grisling.
• A chari∣table dog.
• Ashtorre
• The Bull Henpoint
• Cargreen
• Clifton.
• Halton.
• Crocadon
• Cuttayle.
• Voyages to & frō Plym∣mouth.
• 1355.
• 1501.
• 1509.
• Hengsten
• Carybul∣locke.
• Lawhittō
• Lanceston
• 900.
• Penheale
• Trecarel.
• Newton.
• Trebigh.
• Poole.
• Stratton.
• Launcels
• Norton.
• Stow.
• Tonacūb.
• Bude.
• Efford.
• S. Mary Wike. Peram∣bulation of Kent in Sand∣wich. Britānia. Thoma∣sin Bona∣uenture.
• Bottre∣aux Castle
• Tintogel.
• Black∣head.
• 8. R. 2.
• Dosmery poole.
• Camel∣ford.
• 525.
• 812.
• 820.
• S. Nūnes poole.
• Schimp∣fund Ernst.
• 981.
• 11. H. 7. Warbeck.
• 3. Ed. 6.
• Sir An∣thony Kingston.
• Free schoole.
• Childrēs forehal∣sening of warre.
• Li. L. 22.
• Val. Max.
• Iosephus.
• Plutarch, in Alex∣andr.
• Dion Cassius.
• Idem.
• De bello Gothico L. primo.
• Halga∣uer.
• Scarlets well.
• Temple.
• Loo, East 〈…〉〈…〉 West.
• S. Geor∣ges Iland.
• Liskerd.
• The other halfe stone,
• The hur∣lers.
• Cheese∣wring.
• S. Neot.
• S. Kaynes well.
• Fining house.
• Killi∣garth.
• Iohn Size
• Murth.
• Polpera.
• Hall.
• The Fa∣got.
• Foy hauē & towne
• 1457.
• A gra∣ued stone
• Trewar∣dreth Bay.
• M. P. Be∣uils pond.
• Lostwi∣thiel.
• Restor∣mel.
• Roche.
• The tyde welspring
• Haynbo∣rough.
• Edward Bone.
• Gwar∣nack.
• Wolueden
• Probas Steeple.
• Williams
• Lanba∣dron park.
• Gram∣pond.
• Pentuan.
• Penwarn
• Dudmā.
• Bodrugā.
• Roseland.
• Tregny.
• Truro.
• Gentle∣mens houses.
• Taluerne
• S. Mawes Castle.
• Padstow
• Wade bridge.
• 9. sisters.
• Castellan Danis,
• S. Colōbs
• Lanherne
• Nants well.
• Leonicus Var. Hist. Lib. 1. Cap. 30.
• Coso∣warth.
• Trerice.
• 7. H. 5.
• 8. H. 5.
• 5. H. 6.
• 8. H. 6.
• 3. H. 7.

  12. Oct.
• 11. H. 8.
• 14. H. 8.
• 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉
• Ed. 6.
• 1. Mar.
• 〈…〉〈…〉.
• 2. & 3. P. & M.
• Peran in Zabulo.
• Borsnee∣uas.
• S. Agnes
• New Kay
• Pendenis fort.
• S. Mawes Castle.
• Arwe∣nacke.
• Trefuses.
• Peryn.
• 1256. 1327.
• Carclew.
• Helford.
• Hanter∣dauis.
• Main∣amber.
• Hellox.
• Lo poole.
• Meneag,
• 997.
• S. Ies.
• A Caue.
• S. Micha∣els mount
• 11. E. 4.
• 2. Vol. Lib. 31.
• 13. H. 7.
• Mounts bay.
• Marca∣iew.
• Mouse∣hole.
• Pensants.
• Mouse∣hole.
• Liu. lib. 3
• Trebegeā
• S. Buriēs
• Lands end.