The anatomy of melancholy vvhat it is. VVith all the kindes, causes, symptomes, prognostickes, and seuerall cures of it. In three maine partitions with their seuerall sections, members, and subsections. Philosophically, medicinally, historically, opened and cut vp. By Democritus Iunior. With a satyricall preface, conducing to the following discourse.

SVBSEC. 2. Withstand the beginnings, auoid occasions, change his place: faire and foule means, contrary passions, witty inuentions: to bring in another, and discommend the former.

OTher good rules and precepts are inioyned by our Physiti••ns, which if not alone, yet certainely conioy∣ned may doe much. The first of which is obstare principijs, to withstand the beginning, g quisquis in primo obstitit, pe∣pulit{que} amorem tutor ac victor fuit, he that will but resist at first may easily be a conqueror at the last. Baltasar Castilio li. 4. vrgeth this prescript aboue the rest, when he shall chance

(saith he) to light vpon a woman, that hath good behauiour ioyned with her excellent person, & shall perceiue his eyes with a kind of greedinesse, to pull vnto them this Image of beautie, and carry it to the heart: and shall obserue himselfe to be somewhat incended with this influence, which moueth within, when he shall discerne those subtill spirits sparkling in her eyes, to admini∣ster more fewell to the fire, he must wisely withstand the begin∣nings, & rouze vp reason stupified almost, and fortifie his heart by all meanes, and shut vp all those passages, by which it may haue entrance. 'Tis a precept which all concurre vpon.

h Opprime dum noua sunt subiti mala semina morbi, Dum licet in primo limine siste pedem.

Thy quicke disease whilst it is fresh to day, By all meanes crush, thy feet at first step stay.

Which cannot speedier be done, then if he confesse his griefe and passion to some iudicious friend (qui tacitus ardet magis vritur,i the more he conceales the greater is his paine) that by his good aduise may happily ease him of a sudden; and withall to auoide occasions, or any circumstance that may aggrauate his disease. To keepe out of her company which Hierome so much labours to Paula, to his Nepotian; Chryso∣stome so much inculcates in ser. i••contubern. Cyprian, and many other fathers of the Church. Siracides in his 9. chap∣ter, Iason Pratensis, Sauanorola, Arnoldus, Valleriola &c. and euery Physitian that treats of this subiect. Not onely to a∣uoid as k Gregory Tholosanus exhorts, kissing, dalliance, all speeches, tokens, loue-letters and the like, or as Castilio lib. 4. to conuerse with them, heare them speake, l those amiable smiles, admirable graces, and sweet gestures, which their pre∣sence affords: but all sight, they must not so much as see thē, or looke vpon them. Gaze not on a maid saith Siracides, turne away thine eyes from a beautifull woman, cap. 9. ver. 7. 8. auerte oculos, saith Dauid, or if thou doe see them as Ficinus aduiseth, let not thine eye be intentus ad libidinem, do not in∣tend her more then the rest: but as Hierome to Nepotian, aut aequaliter ama, aut aequaliter ignora, either see all alike, or let al

alone; & that is the safest course, let all alone, see none of thē. Nothing sooner reuiues, m or waxeth sore againe as Petrarch holdes, then loue doth by sight. As Pompe renues ambition, the sight of gold, couetousnesse, a beautious obiect sets on fire this burning lust.

Et multum saliens incitat vnda sitim.

The sight of drinke makes one drie, and the sight of meate increaseth appetite. Especially if he haue beene formerly in∣amored, the sight of his mistresse strikes him into a new fit, and makes him raue many dayes after.

—n Infirmis causa pusilla nocet, Et poenè extinctum cinerem si sulphure tangas, vinet, & ex minimo maximus ignis erit Sic nisi vitabis quicquid renouabit amorem, Flamma recrudescet, quae modo nulla fuit.

A sickely man a little thing offends, As brimstone doth a fire decayed renew, And make it burne afresh, doth loues dead flames, If that the former obiect it reuiew.

Or as the Poet compares it to embers in ashes, which the wind blowes, o vt solet a ventis, &c. a scauld head as the saying is, is soone broaken, and drie wood soone kindles, and when they haue beene formerly wounded by sight, how can they by seeing but be inflamed? Ismenius acknowledgeth as much of himselfe, when he had beene long absent, and al∣most forgotten his mistresse, p at the first sight of her, as straw in a fire, I burned afresh, and more then euer I did before. q Cha∣riclia was as much moued at the sight of her deare Theage∣nes, after hee had beene long absent, and it is the common passion of all louers. And for that cause Alexander fore∣knowing this inconuenience and danger that comes by sight, r when he had heard Darius wife so much commended for her beautie, would scarce admit her to come in his sight. And when as Araspus in Xenophon, had so much magnified that diuine

face of Panthea to Cyrus, s by how much she was fairer then ordinary, by so much he was the more vnwilling to see her. Sci∣pio a young man 23. yeares of age, at the siege of a citty in Spaine, when as a noble and a most faire young gentlewo∣man was brought vnto him, t and he had heard shee was be∣trothed to a lord, rewarded her, and sent her backe to her sweet∣heart. Xenocrates lay with Lais of Corinth all night, and would not touch her. u It is a good happinesse to be free from this passion of loue, and great discretion it argues in such a man that can so containe himselfe, but when thou art once in loue to moderate thy selfe (as he saith) is a singular point of wise∣dome.

But for as much as few men are free, or that can containe themselues and moderate their passions, curbe their sences, as not to see them, not to looke lasciuiouslly, not to conferre with them, such is the furie of this head strong passion, and their weakenesse; we must vse some speedy meanes to cor∣rect, and preuent that and al other inconueniences, that come by conference and the like. The best, readiest, and surest way, and which all approue, is Loci mutatio, to send them seuerall wayes, that they may neither heare off, nor see, nor haue op∣portunitie to send to one another againe. Elongatio à patria tis Sauanorolas fourth rule, and Gordonius precept, distraha∣tur ad longinquas regiones, send him to trauell. 'Tis that which all runne vpon, as so many hounds with full cry, Poets, Diuines, Philosophers, Physitians, all, mutet patri∣am, Valesius. x as a sicke man he must be cured with change of aire, Tully 4. Tusc. The best remedy is to get thee gone, Iason Pratensis, change aire and soyle, Laurentius, Fuge littus amatum, Virg. Vtile finitimis abstinuisse locis, y Ouid. I procul & long as carpere perge vias— sed fuge tutus ••ris. Tra∣uelling is an Antidote of loue, time and absence weare away paine and griefe. All which z Hensius merrily inculcates in an Epistle to his friend Primierus. First fast, then tarry. 3. change thy place 4. thinke of an haltar. If change of place, continuance of time, absence will not weare it out with

those precedent remedies, it will hardly be remoued: but these commonly are of force. Foelix Plater obser. lib. 1. had a baker to his patient almost mad for the loue of his maide, and desperate; by remouing her from him, he was in a short space cured. Peter Godefridus, in the last chapter of his third booke, hath a story of Saint Ambrose, of a young man that meeting his old loue after long abscence, on whom he had extreamely doted, would scarce take notice of her, she won∣dred at it that he should so lightly esteem her, called him a∣gaine and told him who she was, Ego sum inquit. At ego non sum ego. But he replied he was not the same man, loathing his folly, and ashamed of that which he formerly had done. Petrarch hath such another tale of a young gallant that lo∣ued a wench with one eye, and for that cause by his parents was sent to trauell into farre countries, a after some yeeres he returned, and meeting the maid for whose sake he was sent a∣broad, asked her how and by what chance she lost her eye, no said she I haue lost none, but you haue found yours: Signifying ther∣by that all louers were blind, as Fabius saith, Amantes de formâ iudicare non possunt, louers cannot iudge of beautie, nor scarce of any thing else, as they will easily confesse after they returne vnto themselues, by some discontinuance or better aduice, and wonder at their owne folly, madnesse, stu∣pidity, blindnes, condemne themselues that euer they should be so besotted and misled, and be heartily glad that they haue so happily escaped.

If so be that, (which is seldome) that change of place will not effect his alteration, then other remedies are to bee annexed, faire and foule meanes as to perswade, promise, threaten, terrifie, or to diuert by some contrary passion, ru∣mour, tales, newes, or some wittie inuention, to alter his af∣fection, b by some greater sorrow to driue out the lesse saith Gordonius, as that his house is a fire, his best friends dead, his money stolne, &c. c That he is made some great Gouernour or hath some honour, office, inheritance is b••f••l•••• him, he shall be a Knight, a Baron: or by some false accusation, as they

doe to such as haue the hickehope, to make them forget it. Saint Hierome lib. 2. epist. 16. to Rusticus the moncke, hath an instance of a d young man of Greece, that li••••d in a Monastery in Aegypt, that by no labour, no 〈◊〉〈◊〉, no perswation could be diuerted; but at last by this 〈…〉〈…〉 was deliuered. The Abbot sets one of his convent to quarrell with him. and with some scandalous reproach or other to defame him before company, and then to come and complaine first, the wit∣nesses were likewise suborned for the plantiffe. The young man wept, and when all were against him, the Abbot 〈◊〉〈◊〉 tooke his part, least he should be ouercome with immodera••e griefe: but what needs many words? by this inuention he was cured, and alienated from his pristine loue-thoughts. Iniuries, slaun∣ders, contempts, disgraces, are very forcible meanes to with∣drawe mens affections, contumeliâ affects amatores ama∣re desinunt as Lucian saith, louers reuiled or neglected, con∣temned or misused, turne loue to hate, f redeam, non sime obsecret. Ile neuer loue thee more. So Zephirus hated Hya∣cinthus because he scorned him, and preferred his coriuall A∣pollo (Palephapus fab. nar.) he will not come againe though he be intreated. Tell him but how he was scoffed at behind his backe, that his loue is false, and entertaines another, cares not for him,e or that she is a foole, a nasty queane, a slut, a fixen, a scolde•• a diuell, or which Italians commonly doe, that he or she hath some lothsome filthy disease, gout, stran∣gurie, falling sicknesse, the Poxe, that he hath three or foure incurable tetters, issues: that she is balde, her breath stinkes, she is mad by inheritance, and so are all the kinred, an ••are∣braine, with many other secret infirmities, which I will not so much as name, belonging to women. That he is an Hermophrodite, an Eunuch, imperfect, a spendthrift, a g••me∣ster, a gull, a whoremaster, farre in debt, and not able to maintaine her, a common drunkard, his mother was a witch, his father hanged, that he hath a wolfe in his bosome, a fore legge, some incurable disease, that he will surely beat her, that he walkes in the night, will stabbe his bedfellowe, tell all

his secrets in his sleepe, and that no body dare lie with him, his house is haunted with spirites. with such fearefull and tra∣gicall things able to auert and terrifie any man or woman li∣uing. Gordonius c. 20. part. 2. hinc in modum consulit paretur aliqua vetula turpissima aspectu, cum turpi et vili habitu, et por∣tet subtus gremium pannum menstrualem, et dicat quod, amica sus sit ebriosa, et quodmingai in lecto, et quod est epileptica et im∣pudica, et quod in corpore suo sint excrescentiae enormes cum foe∣tore anhelitus, et aliae enormitates, quibus vetulae sunt edoctae, si nolit his persuaderi subito extrahat g pānum menstrualem, corā facie portando, exclamando, talis est amica tua, et si ex his non demiserit, non est homo sed diabolus incarnatus. Idem ferè Avi∣cenna cap. 24. de curà Ilishi lib. 3. Fen. 1. Tract. 4. narrent res immundas vetulae, ex quibus abominationem incurrat, & res h fordidas, & hoc assiduent. Idem Arculanus cap. 16. in 9. Rhasis, &c. Withall as they doe discommend the old, for the better effecting a more speedy alteration, they must com∣mend another Paramour, alteram inducere, set him or her to be woed, or woe some other, that shall be fairer, of better note, better fortune, birth, parentage, much to be preferred, by this, which Iason Pratensis wisheth, to turne the streame of affection another way, or as Valesius by i subdiuiding to diminish it. k Hortor & vt pariter binas habeatis amicas, &c. If you suspect to be taken, be sure saith the Poet, to haue two mistresses at once, or goe from one to another: or bring him to some publike showes, playes, meetings, where he may see varietie, and he shall likely lothe his first choice. For as he obserues, l Priorem flammam nouus ignis extrudit, & ea multorum natura, vt praesentes maxime ament. One fire driues out another, and such is womens weakenesse, that they loue commonly him hat is present. And so do many men (as he confessed) he loued. Amye till he saw Floriat, •• when he saw Cynthia, forgat thē both: but faire Phillis was incompa∣rably beyond them all, and yet when he espied Amarallis, she was his sole mistresse, &c. 'Tis a thing which by Hie∣romes report hath beene vsually practised, m Heathen Phi∣losophers

driue out one loue with another, as they doe a pegge, or pinne with a pinne. Which those seuen Persian Princes did to Assuerus, that they might requite the desire of Queene Vasth with the loue of others. Pausanias in Eliacis saith, that there∣fore one Cupid was painted to contend with another, and to take the garland from him, because one loue driues out ano∣ther. n Alterius vires subtrahit alter amor Foelix Platter in the first booke of his obseruations, boasts how he cured a widdower in Basil, a patient of his, by this stratageme alone, that doted vpon a poore seruant his maide, when friends, children nor perswasion could serue to alienate his mind, they motioned him to another honest mans daughter in the towne, whom he loued, and liued with long after, abhorring the very name and sight of the first. After the death of Lucretia, o Eurialus would admit of no comfort, till the Emperour Sigismunde married him to a noble Lady of his court, and so in short space he was freed.

Notes

• g

  Seneca. cum in mulierem in∣ciderit, quae cum formâ morum suauitatem con∣iunctam habet & iam oculos persenserit for∣mae ad se Imagi∣nem cum auidi∣tate quadam rapere cum ea∣dem, &c.
• h

  Ouid. de rem. lib. 1.
• i

  Aeneas Siluius.
• k

  Tom. 2. lib. 4. cap. 10. syntag. med. art. mirab. vitentur oscula, tactus, sermo & scripta impudica literae &c.
• l

  Tam admirabi∣lem splendorem declinet, gratiā, scintillas, ama∣biles risus, gestus suauissimos, &c.
• m

  Dial 3. de con∣temptu mundi nihil facilius re∣c••udescit quam amor, vt pompa visa renouat am∣bitionem, auri species auariti∣am, spectata cor∣poris forma in∣cendit luxuriam.
• n

  Ouid.
• o

  Met. 7. vt so∣let à ventis ali∣menta resumere quaeque parua subinductalatuit scintilla fauillâ crescere & in ve∣teres agitata re∣surgere flammas
• p

  Eumathij li. 3. aspectus amo∣rem incendit vt marcescentem in palea ignē vent∣us, ardebam in∣terea maiore concepto incen∣dio.
• q

  Heliodorus lib. 4. Inflam∣mat mentem nou••s aspectus, perinde ac ignis materiae admo∣tus Chariclia, &c.
• r

  Curtius lib. 3. cum vxorem Darij laudatam audiuisset tantum cupiditati suae fraenum in iecit, vt illam vix vellet intueri.
• s

  Cyripaedia. cum Pantheae formā Euexisset Aras∣pas tanto magis inquit, Cyrus ab∣stinere oportet, quanto pulchrior est.
• t

  Liuius. cum e••m regulo cui∣dam desponsatā audiuisset mune∣ribus cumulatam remisit.
• u

  Heliodorus lib. 4. expertem esse amoris bea∣ritudo est, at quum captus sis ad moderatio∣nem reuocare a∣nimum pruden∣tiae singularis.
• x

  Loci mutatio∣ne tanquam non conua∣lescens curandus est, cap. 11.
• y

  Amorum lib. 2 Quisquis amas loca nota nocen••. di••s aegritudinem adimit absentia delet. Fre licet procul hinc pae∣triae{que} relinquere fines Ouid.
• z

  Proximum est vt efurias, 2. vt moram temporis opponas 3. & lo∣cum m••tes 4. vt de laqueo cogites
• a

  cum post ali∣quot annos iam reuersus ille obuiam sactus esset quam vehe∣menter amarat, rogat quo casu illa oculum ami∣sissit, non inquit amisi oculum sed tu oculos inue∣nisti.
• b

  Annuncientur valde tristia vt maior t••••••titia possit minorem ob••usc••re.
• c

  Aut quod sit ••••ctus senescal∣••••, aut ha∣beat honorem magnum.
• d

  Adolescens Gr••cus erat in Aegypti caenobio qui nullá operis magnitudine nulla persuasione fl••mmam poterat sedare, monaste∣rij pater hac arte seruauit. Imperat cui¦dam è ••ocijs. &c. F••ebat ille, om¦ne•• aduersabant solus pater calli∣de opponere ne abundantia trist••tiae absor∣beretur quid multa? hoc in¦uento curatus est & a cogitati∣onibus pristinis auocatus.
• f

  Ter 4
• e

  Tom. 4.
• g

  Hypatia A∣lexandrina quendam se a∣damantem pro∣latis muliebri∣bus pannis, & in cum coniectis ab amoris insaniâ, liberauit. Sui∣das & Euna∣pius.
• h

  Sauanarola reg. 5.
• i

  Distributio a∣moris fiat in plures, ad plures ami••as animum applicet.
• k

  Ouid.
• l

  Tatius lib. 6.
• m

  Epist. lib. 2.16. Philosophi saeculi veterem amorem nouo quasi clauum clauo repellere, quod & Assu••∣ro regi septem Principes Per∣•••••••••• esere, vt V••stae reginae desid••••ium amo∣re compensarent.
• n

  Ouid.
• o

  Lugubri veste indutus, consola∣tiones non ad∣misit, donec Cae∣sar ex ducali sanguine formo∣sam virginem matrimonio coniunxit. Ae∣neas Siluius hist. de Eurialo & Lucretia.