The posing of the parts. Or, A most plaine and easie way of examining the accidence and grammar, by questions and answeres, arising directly out of the words of the rules Whereby all schollars may attaine most speedily to the perfect learning, full vnderstanding, and right vse thereof; for their happy proceeding in the Latine tongue. Gathered purposely for the benefit of schooles, and for the vse and delight of maisters and schollars.

POSING OF THE Rules of the Heteroclits, called commonly, Quae Genus.

Q. HAVE you not some other Nounes, of an other kinde of declining then these?

A. Yes: we haue sundry, in the rules vvhich wee call Quae Genus.

Q. What are those Nounes tearmed properly?

A. Heteroclits.

Q. What meane you by Heteroclits?

A. Nounes of an other manner of declining; that is, Nounes declined otherwise then the ordinary manner.

Q. How many generall kinds are there of them?

A. Three: Variantia genus, defectiua, redundantia: that is, such as change their Gender or Declining: Secondly, such as want some Case or Number. Thirdly, such as haue ouer∣much in declining.

Q. Where are these set downe together?

A. In the two first verses of Quae genus.

Q. Shew me how.

A. First these words, Quae genus aut flexum variant, doe note those that vary. Secondly, these words quaecunque noua∣to ritu deficiunt, doe signifie the defectiues. Thirdly, these words, superántue, do signifie those which redound or haue too much.

Heteroclits varying their Gender.

Q. WHere begin your Rules for those which vary their Gender and declining?

A. Haec genus ac partim, &c.

Q. What is the meaning of the rule?

A. These words change their Gender and declining.

Q. How many sorts haue you of these?

A. Sixe; set downe in three generall rules.

Q. Name the sorts.

A. First, some of the Feminine Gender in the Singular Number, and the Neuter in the Plurall. Secondly, Neuters in the Singular Number, Masculines and Neuters in the Plu∣rall. Thirdly, Neuters Singular, Masculines onely in the Plu∣rall. Fourthly, Neuters Singular, Feminines Plurall. Fiftly, Masculines Singular, Neuters Plurall. Sixtly, Masculines Sin∣gular, Masculines and Neuters Plurall.

Q. Where is your rule for Feminines Singular, Neuters Plurall?

A. a 1.1 Pergamus infoelix, &c. Singula foemineis, neutris pluralia gaudent.

Q. What is the meaning of that rule?

A. These two words Pergamus and supellex are the Femi∣nine Gender in the Singular Number, the Neuter in the Plurall: as, Haec Pergamus, pergami; In the Plurall, Haec pergama, horum pergamorum: so haec supellex: Plur. haec supel∣lectilia.

Q. Giue your rules for Neuters Singular, Masculines & Neuters Plurall.

A. Dat prior his numerus, &c.

Q. What is the meaning of that rule?

A. These foure words, Rastrum, fraenum, filum, and Ca∣pistrum, are of the Neuter Gender in the Singular Number, Masculine and Neuter in the Plurall: as, hoc Rastrum. Plu∣ral. hi rastri vel haec rastra, &c.

Q. Where is the rule for Neuters singular, which are Masculines onely in the Plurall?

A. Sed audi: Mascula duntaxit coelos, &c.

Q. Giue the meaning of that rule.

A. Coelum and Argos are the Neuter Gender, in the sin∣gular Number, and the Masculine onely in the Plurall: as, Hoc coelum, Plural. hi coeli tantùm: so hoc Argos, Plural. hi Argi.

Q. Where is the rule for Neuters singular, Feminines Plu∣rall?

A. Nundinum & hinc Epulum, &c.

Q. What is the meaning?

A. That these three, Nundinum, epulum, balneum, are Neuters in the singular Number, and Feminines onelie in the Plurall.

Q. Are none of these the Neuter Gender, in the Plurall Number?

A. The Poet Iuuenal hath Balnea in the Plurall Number.

Q. Giue mee the rule for Masculines singular, Neuters Plurall.

A. Haec maribus dantur, &c.

Q. What is the meaning of that?

A. These eight wordes are Masculines singular, Neuters Plurall: to wit, Maenalus, Dyndimus, Ismarus, Tartarus, Tay∣getus, Taenarus, Massicus, Gargarus.

Q. Where is the rule of Masculines singular, Masculines and Neuters Plurall.

A. At numerus genus his dabit, &c.

Q. Giue the meaning.

A. These foure words, Sibilus, iocus, locus, Auernus, are of the Masculine Gender in the Singular Number, Masculine and Neuter in the Plurall.

Defectiues.

Q. WHere begin your rules for the Heteroclits, cal∣led Defectiues?

A. Quae sequitur manca, &c.

Q. What is the meaning of that rule?

A. All these sorts of Nounes following, are lame [or de∣fectiue] in Number, or in Case.

Q. Rehearse the seuerall sorts of Defectiues, as they are sette downe in your Booke, before the rules or in the margents.

A. Aptots, Monoptots, Diptots, Triptots, Nounes wan∣ting the Vocatiue case: Propers wanting the Plurall Num∣ber: Neuters singular wanting certaine cases in the Plurall: Appellatiues Masculines wanting the Plurall: Feminines wanting the Plurall: Neuters wanting the Plurall: Mascu∣lines wanting the Singular, Feminines wanting the Singular, Neuters wanting the Singular.

Aptots.

Q. WHich are those which you call Aptots?

A. Such as haue no seuerall case, but are alike in all cases.

Q. Where is the rule of them?

A. Quae nullum variant casum, &c.

Q. What is the meaning of that rule?

A. These words haue no case, & are therefore called Ap∣tots: As, a 1.2 Fas, nil, nihil, instar: so, many ending in u, and in i. In u, as Cornu, genu; In i, as Gummi, frugi: So also Tem∣pe, tot, quot; and all numbers, from three to a hundred.

Q. Haue these no number?

A. Yes; Fas, nil, nihil, instar, cornu, genu, gummi, are of the Singular Number vndeclined. b 1.3 Frugi, both Singular and Plurall vndeclined. c 1.4 Tempe of the Plurall vndeclined. Tot, quot, & all numbers from three to a hundred (as d 1.5 Quatuor, quinque, &c.) are the Plurall number vndeclined.

Q. Are none of these declined in either Number?

A. Yes; Cornu and Genu, with others ending in u, are de∣clined wholly in the Plurall Number.

Q. How decline you Fas, & the rest of the Singular nūber?

A. Sing. Hoc Fas inuariabile.

Q. How decline you words in u, as Cornu?

A. Hoc cornu inuariabile in Singulari; Plural. Haec cornua, horum cornuum, his cornibus, &c.

Q. Decline Tempe.

A. Singul. and Plural. Tempe inuariabile.

Q. How decline you Tot, & those of the Plu. Number?

A. Plur. Tot inuariabile: or, Hi, hae & haec Tot inuari: so Hi, hae, & haec quatuor inuar. &c.* 1.6

Monoptots.

Q. WHich call you Monoptots?

A. Such words as are found onely in one ob∣lique case.

Q. What meane you by an oblique case?

A. Any besides the Nominatiue and the Vocatiue.

Q. Giue your rule for Monoptots.

A. Est que Monoptoton, &c.

Q. What is the meaning of it?

A. These words a 1.7 Noctu, natu, iussu, iniussu, astu, promp∣tu, permissu, are of the Ablatiue case Singular. Astus is read also in the Plurall Number. Inficias is found onely in the Accusatiue case Plurall.

Q. Decline Noctu.

A. Ablat. Noctu; so the rest.

Q. Decline Inficias.

A. Accus. has inficias.

Diptots.

Q. WHat words doe you call Diptots?

A. Such as haue but two cases.

Q. Giue the Rule.

A. Sunt Diptota quibus, &c.

Q. Giue the meaning of the Rule.

A. These words haue but onely two cases in the singular number, fors forte, spontis sponte, plus pluris, iugeris iugere, ver∣beris verbere, tantundem tantidem, impetis impete, vicem vice. These haue two in the Plurall number, repetundarum repe∣tundis, suppetiae suppetias.

Q. Haue none of those words of the Singular number, all the cases of the Plurall number?

A. Yes: these foure, verberis, vicem, plus and iugere.

Q. Giue the rule for them.

A. Verberis, atque vicem, sic plus, &c.

Triptots.

Q. WHat words doe you call Triptots?

A. Such as haue but three cases in the Singular number.

Q. Giue the Rule.

A. Tres quibus inflectis, &c.

Q. What is the meaning of that rule?

A. These two words, a 1.8 precis and opis, haue but three in the singular number: as, precis, precem, prece; opis, opem, ope: frugis and ditionis want onely the Nominatiue, and Voca∣tiue; and vis commonly wanteth the Datiue: but they all haue the Plurall number whole.

Q. Giue your Rule for those vvhich want the Voca∣tiue case.

A. Quae referunt, vt qui, &c.

Q. What is the meaning of that Rule?

A. All Relatiues, Interrogatiues, Distributiues, Indefinits, and all Pronounes, besides tu, meus, noster and nostras, doe lack the Vocatiue case.

Q. Giue your Rules of Proper Names, wanting the Plu∣rall Number.

A. Propria cunctanotes quibus, &c.

Q. What is the meaning of that Rule?

A. This shortly: All proper names, names of graine [or corne] weights, hearbs, moist things, metalls, doe naturally and commonly want the Plurall number.

Q. But may not proper names sometimes haue the Plu∣rall number?

A. Yes: but not properly, that is, not when they are taken for proper names; but when they are taken for Appellatiues or common Nounes: Or when there are moe of the same name.

Q. Shew me how by example.

A. As, when Catones are taken for wise men, such as Cato was; Decij put for valiant men, such as Decius was; Maecena∣tes put for worthy Noble men, such as Maecenas was; then they are in the Plurall number. Or as, sundry called Decius.

Q. Giue the rule for this exception.

A. Est vbi pluralem retinent, &c.

Q. What is the meaning of that?

A. These sometimes haue the Plurall Number, somtimes they want it.

Q. Giue your rule of Neuters singular, wanting certaine cases in the Plurall.

A. * 1.9 Ordea, farra, forum, &c.

Q. What is the meaning of that rule?

A. These Neuters, Hordeum, far, forum, mel, mulsum, de∣frutum, thus, haue onely three cases: that is, the No∣minatiue, Accusatiue, and Vocatiue, in the Plurall Num∣ber.

Q. Decline Hordeum.

A. Sing. Nom. hoc hordeum, Gen. huius hordei. Plur. Nom. haec hordea, Accus. hordea, Voc. hordea.

Q. Giue your rule of Appellatiues Masculines wanting the Plurall Number.

A. Hesperus & vesper, &c.

Q. What is the meaning of it?

A. These Masculines, Hesperus, vesper, pontus, limus, fimus, penus, sanguis, aether, & nemo (which is of the common of two Genders) doe want the Plurall Number.

* Q. Hath Nemo all the cases in the Singular Number?

A. It is seldome read in the Genitiue, or Vocatiue: ac∣cording to that rule of Despauterius; Nemo caret Genito, quinto, numeróque secundo: Nemo wants the Genitiue, and Vocatiue Singular, and the Plurall Number.

Q. Giue your Rule of Feminines, vvanting the Plurall Number.

A. Singula Foeminei generis, &c.

Q. Giue the meaning of that rule.

A. These Feminines do cōmonly want the Plural Num∣ber; Pubes, salus, talio, indoles, tussis, pix, humus, lues, suis, fu∣ga, quies, cholera, fames, bilis, senecta, iuuentus. But Sob••les & labes haue the Nominatiue, Accusatiue and Vocatiue in the Plurall Number: and so haue all Nounes of the fift Declen∣sion; except res, species, facies, acies, and dies, which haue all the Plurall Number.

Q. Are there no other Feminines wanting the Plurall Number?

A. Yes: names of vertues and vices doe commonly want the Plurall Number: as, Stultitia, inuidia, sapientia, desidia, and many other words like.

Q. Giue your Rule of Neuters wanting the Plurall.

A. Nec licet his Neutris, &c.

Q. What is the meaning of it?

A. These Neuters want the Plurall Number, Delicium, senium, laethum, coenum, salum, barathrum, virus, vitrum, vis∣cum, penum, iustitium, nihilum, ver, lac, gluten, halec, gelu, solium, iubar.

Q. Giue me your Rules of Masculines vvanting the Sin∣gular Number?

A. Mascula sunt tautùm, &c.

Q. Giue the meaning of it.

A. These Masculines do want the Singular Number; Ma∣nes, maiores, cancelli, liberi, antes, menses, being taken for an issue of blood, lemures, fasti, minores, natales, penates; vvith certaine proper names of places, of the Plurall Number: as, Gabij, Locri and the like.

Q. Giue your rule for Feminines wanting the Singular Number.

A. Haec sunt foeminei generis, &c.

Q. Giue the meaning of it.

A. These Feminine•• want the Singular Number. Exuviae, phalerae, and so the rest. So plaga signifying nets, vvith valuae, diuitiae, nuptiae, lactes, and names of Cities which are of the Feminine Gender, and Plurall Number: as, Theba, Athenae, and the like.

Q. Giue your Rule for Neuters wanting the Singular.

A. Rarius haec primo, &c.

Q. Giue the meaning of the Rule.

A. These Neuters vvant the Singular Number; Moenia, tesqua, praecordia, lustra, arma, mapalia, bellaria, munia, ca∣stra, iusta, sponsalia, r••stra, crepundia, cunabula, exta, effata, also the feasts of the heathenish Gods: as, Bacchanalia and the like.

Heteroclits, called Redundantia.

Q. GIue your Rules for those words which redound, or which haue more in declining then Nounes haue commonly.

A. Haec quasi luxuriant, &c.

Q. How many rules haue you of them?

A. Fiue▪ First, of such words as are of diuers terminati∣ons,

declining and Genders. Secondly, such as haue two Ac∣cusatiue cases. Thirdly, such as haue diuerse terminations, and some of them diuerse declinings in the same sense and Gender. Fourthly, such as are of the fourth and second de∣clension. Fiftly, Adiectiues of diuers terminations and decli∣ning.

Q. Where is your rule for those which are of diuers Ter∣minations, Declining and Gender?

A. Haec quasi luxuriant, &c.

Q. Giue the meaning of that rule.

A. These Substantiues haue diuers Terminations, Decli∣clining and Genders: as, hic tonitrus hoc tonitru, hic clypeus hoc ••lypeum, hic baculus hoc baculum, hic sensus hoc sensum, hic tignus hoc tignum; hoc tapetum ti, hoc tapete tis, and hic tapes êtis; hic punctus hoc punctum, hoc sinapi inuariabile hac sinapis, hic sinus hoc sinum, hae••menda hoc mendum, hic viscus hoc vis∣cum, hoc cornu inuariabile hoc cornum and hic cornus, hic euen∣tus hoc euentum, * 1.10 and many other like vnto them.

Q. Giue your rule for those vvhich haue two Accusatiue cases.

A. Sed tibi praeterea, &c.

Q. Giue the meaning of that rule.

A. Certaine Greeke wordes, vvhen they are made Latine words, haue two Accusatiue cases; one of the Latine, an o∣ther of the Greeke: as, Hic panther êris. Accus. hunc panthe∣rem vel panthera; so crater, is, Accus. hunc craterem vel cra∣tera; cassis idis, Accus. hanc cassidem vel cassida; aether, aethe∣rem vel aethera.

Q. May not other Substantiues bee made of the Greeke Accusatiue case?

A. Yes: as of panthera may bee made hac panthera pan∣therae.

Q. Where is your rule for those which haue diuers ter∣minations in the Nominatiue case, in the same sense and Gender?

A. Vertitur his rectus, sensus &c.

Q. Giue the meaning of the rule.

A. These words haue diuers Nominatiue cases, & some of them sundry declinings, keeping the same sense and Gender: as, (a) 1.11 Hic Gibbus bi, and gibber eris, hic cucumis vel cucumer cucumeris, haec stipis stipis, and haec stips is, hic vel haec cinis cineris, and ciner cineris, hic vomis vel vomer vomeris, haec sco∣bis vel scobsis, hic vel haec puluis vel puluer eris, hic & haec puber vel pubes eris.* 1.12

Q. VVhat other vvordes haue you belonging to this Rule?

A. Words ending in or, and in os: as, Hic honor and honos ôris; hoc ador and ados adôris: so haec apes and apis is, haec plebs and plebis, is.

Q. Are there not other Nounes also belonging to this Rule?

A. Yes: many comming of Greek wordes: as, hic Delphin nis, and delphinus i, hic elephas tis and elephantus ti, hic congrus vel conger i, hic Meleagrus vel Meleager i, hic Teucrus and Teucer i: so, many other like.

Q. Giue your rule for those that change their Declen∣sion.

A. Haec simul & quarti, &c.

Q. What is the meaning of that rule?* 1.13

A. These Nounes are of the second and fourth Declensi∣on: as, laurus, quercus, pinus, ficus, colus, penus, cornus (when it signifieth a Doggetree) lacus and domus.

Q. Decline Laurus.

A. Haec laurus, Gen. lauri vel laurus, &c. so the rest.

Q. Where is your Rule for Adiectiues of diuers decli∣nings and endings?

A. Et quae luxuriant sunt, &c.

Q. What is the meaning of that rule?

A. There are certain Adiectiues which haue two manner of endings and declinings; and especially those which come of these words▪ arma, iugum, neruus, somnus, clinus, animus, limus, fraenum, cera, bacillum.

How doe these end?

A. Both in us, and in is: as, inermus, and inermis, comming of arma.

Q. How are these declined?

A. Ending in us, they are declined like bonus; in is, like tristis: as, inermus, a, um; and hic & haec inermis & hoc inerme.

Notes

• a 1.1

  Hoc Pergamō is a Greeke word, Perga∣mum is found in Plautus in the Neuter. Stockw.
• a 1.2

  Frit, the light corne in the toppe of the eare; Git, the herbe Nigella Romana; Tax, a yerk or sound of a lash, or of a whip, are al∣so Aptots.
• b 1.3

  Pon••o is vsed both in the Singular and Plurall
• c 1.4

  Tempe is the Neuter Gender, & Plurall number of the first Declension of the Contracts in Greeke, as Teichea, Teiche; so it makes •• long in the rule Sic Tempe, tot quot, &c. as Thessala Tem••e.
• d 1.5

  Ambo and duo are found to be of all Genders and Cases vndeclined, as duo in Greeke.
• * 1.6

  This is the v∣suall manner.
• a 1.7

  Noctu is found of the feminine Gē∣der for nocte.
• a 1.8

  Terence hath preci in the Datiue. Nihil est preci loci re∣lictum.

  Vis is seldome read in the Datiue.
• * 1.9

  Hordea. This rule is set for an ex∣ception from Propria cuncta∣notes.
• * 1.10

  As Rete & re∣tis, perduellus & perduellis, pecus udis, and pecus oris▪ and pecu, inuariabile: Fa∣mes, is and ei, artus, u••, and artu, inuariab. and artua, ••um, in the Plural. Problema and problematum, dogma, schema, thema: Schema, atis, and schema, ae•• so pascha, atis, and pascha, ae; Iuger, and iugerum, i, and Iuger, is, and iugeris, is. So La∣bium & l••bia, aeuus and aenum, nasus and nasum, collus and collum, vterus and vterum. Hic gut∣tur and hoc guttur: Vlysses, is, and Vlysseus, Vlyssei; by Synare••is vlyssei, & by contracti∣on Vlyssi, of Vlysseus of the third Declension of the contracts in Greek; like Basileus. So are Achilli, Oronti, Achati, when they are vsed in the Genitiue case as they are oft; as is manifest by the Adiectiues agreeing with them in the Genit.
• (a) 1.11

  puerus, eri, puer, eri: nubes and nubis.
• * 1.12

  Haec pubesis,
• * 1.13

  Tumultus, orna∣tus, gemitus, se∣natus, are found also of the second Declension. So anus, us, and anus, anuis.