The arte of logick Plainely taught in the English tongue, according to the best approued authors. Very necessary for all students in any profession, how to defend any argument against all subtill sophisters, and cauelling schismatikes, and how to confute their false syllogismes, and captious arguments. By M. Blundevile.

Of the Place of Matter, and of the thing made.

WHat is Matter?

That whereof any thing is made, as Siluer is the mat∣ter of a Siluer Cup, and the Cup is the thing made, called of the Logicians materiatum.

How is Matter diuided?

Into Matter permanent, and Matter transient.

What is Matter permanent?

It is that which remaineth in the thing made, retaining still both nature and name, as stone and timber is the matter of an house.

What is Matter transient?

It is that which being changed, doth not returne againe in∣to his first nature: as flower and water being made bread, will neuer be flower and water againe.

How are arguments to be fetched from Matter permanent?

Both affirmatiuely and negatiuely: affirmatiuely thus, Here is timber, lime and stone: Ergo here may be an house: negatiue∣ly

thus, Here is neither timber, lime not s•…•…one: Ergo here is no house.

How are arguments to be fetched from Matter transient?

Affirmatiuely, but not negatiuely, as heere is water and meale: Ergo here may be bread: but you can not say, here is no meale: Ergo here is no bread: for the matter permanent being taken away, the effect thereof is also taken away: but this Maxime taketh no place in matter transient, vnlesse the Argu∣ment be made by the preterperfect Tense or time past, as thus: Here was no meale: Ergo here is no bread.

What be the Maxims of this Place?

The matter being set downe, the effect also may bee accor∣ding to the difference of the matter.

How may we reason from the thing made to the matter?

In matter permanent you may reason from the present Tense to the present Tense, thus: Heere are iron weapons: Ergo heere is iron. But in matter transient wee must reason from the pre∣sent time to the time past, thus; here is bread: Ergo heere hath been meale.

What be the Maxims of this Place?

The thing made of matter permanent being set downe, the matter also must needs be: and the thing made of matter transi∣ent being set downe, the matter therof must needs haue been.

How may you else reason from these two Places?

By adding these two adiectiues (good or euill) as thus: The house is good: Ergo the timber and stone was good: for the goodnes or defect of the matter permanent, sheweth the pre∣sent goodnesse or defect of the thing made: and any good or euill thing made of Matter transient, proueth the Matter to haue been good or euill.