The arte of logick Plainely taught in the English tongue, according to the best approued authors. Very necessary for all students in any profession, how to defend any argument against all subtill sophisters, and cauelling schismatikes, and how to confute their false syllogismes, and captious arguments. By M. Blundevile.

Of the End.

WHat is End, and how is it diuided?

The End is that for whose sake any thing is done, and of ends some be chiefe and last, and some not chiefe, but helping: The chiefe is that which is desired for it selfe sake, and such is the best state of euery thing in his kinde, as blessed life to Man: courage and fiercenesse to a Horse of seruice: heate and drynesse to Fire: coldnesse and moistnesse to Wa∣ter, &c. The helping end is that which is desired not for it selfe sake, but for that it helpeth to attayne the chiefest end, and of such helping ends one may be better then another, as when we desire money to buy a house, and the house to dwell in, &c.

How may we reason from this place?

Both Affirmatiuely and Negatiuely, affirmatiuely thus, Ver∣tue is good, because blessed Life is good: negatiuely thus, If Adulterie be not good to allure another mans wife, To breake wedlock is not good.

What be the Maximes of this place?

That thing whereof the end is good or euill, is also of it selfe good or euill.

Tell the vse of these places of Causes, and whereto they serue?

The vse thereof is diuers and manifold: for sith that in the

Deliberatiue kinde two principall questions are to be discus∣sed; first, whether the thing be profitable; and secondly, whether it may be possible and conueniently done or not. Ar∣guments to proue the first, are to be fetched out of the End and Effect. And to proue the second out of the Cause Effici∣ent. Also in the kinde Demonstratiue to praise or dispraise. Arguments are to be fetched out of the End and Effect. Third∣ly, in the Iudiciall kinde, wherein doubt riseth of the fact, and will of the doer. Arguments are to be fetched from the End, to proue or disproue the same. Finally, these places, together with the other two Causes, Matter and Forme before taught, doe serue to make those kindes of Definitions which we cal Causall.