The arte of logick Plainely taught in the English tongue, according to the best approued authors. Very necessary for all students in any profession, how to defend any argument against all subtill sophisters, and cauelling schismatikes, and how to confute their false syllogismes, and captious arguments. By M. Blundevile.

CHAP. III.

Of singular and most particular words, called Indiuidua.

WHat is Indiuiduum?

Indiuiduum is that which signifieth but one thing only, and can be applied but to one thing only; as this name, Iohn, or Robert, signifieth but one certaine man, and not many.

How many kindes of Indiuiduums be there?

Foure, that is, Indiuiduum determinatum, Indiuiduum demon∣stratiuum, Indiuiduum vagum, and Indiuiduum ex hypothesi.

What is Indiuiduum determinatum?

Indiuiduum determinatum, that is to say, certaine or determi∣ned, is the proper name of some one certaine thing, whatsoeuer it be, as Iohn or Thomas is the proper name of some or one man: againe, Bucephalus is the proper name of great Alexander his horse: and London is the proper name of the chiefest Citie in En∣gland.

What is Indiuiduum demonstratiuum?

Indiuiduum demonstratiuum, which is as much to say, as shew∣ing or pointing, is a common word or name ioined with a Pro∣noune demonstratiue, to signifie some one certaine thing onely, as when we say, this man, or that horse: and Indiuiduums demon∣stratiue be more ready to signifie particular things, as well in acci∣dents▪

as in substances, then are Indiuidua determinata: for This, or That, and such like Pronounes, doe point out a thing, as it were with the finger, when proper names oftentimes doe faile: yea the Pronoune demonstratiue is of such force, as being ioined to the most generall word that is, maketh it Indiuiduum, as well as when it is ioined to the most especiall: for, this substance or this body is Indiuiduum, as well as this man or that horse.

What is Indiuiduum vagum?

Indiuiduum vagum, that is to say, wandering or vncertaine, is a word betokening some one certaine thing, but not certainly: as when I say, There was a certaine man here to seeke you; by this speech is meant but one man, and yet vncertaine who it was: and therefore, to make the thing more certaine, wee vse to adde some token or marke; as wee reade in the Acts of the Apostles, There was a certaine man which was halt and lame from his mothers wombe, whom they laid daily before the gate of the Temple, &c. And note, that like as we doe vse indiuidua, demonstratiua, & deter∣minata, in declaring things either present, or certainly knowne: so in speaking of things absent, or vncertainly knowne, wee ex∣presse our mindes oftentimes by indiuidua vaga.

What is Indiuiduum ex hypothesi?

Indiuiduum ex hypothesi, that is to say, by supposition, is a word which of his owne naturall signification being common and vni∣uersall is made notwithstanding by supposition a singular word, and to signifie but one thing onely: as for example, this word, The Sonne of Marie, is a common terme, and yet by supposition is made to signifie none but Christ only: likewise when we say, The Greeke Poet, we meane none but Homer.