A large examination taken at Lambeth, according to his Maiesties direction, point by point, of M. G. Blakwell, made Arch-priest of England, by Pope Clement 8 Vpon occasion of a certaine answere of his, without the priuitie of the state, to a letter lately sent vnto him from Cardinall Bellarmine, blaming him for taking the oath of Allegeance. Together with the Cardinals letter, and M. Blakwels said answere vnto it. Also M. Blakwels letter to the Romish Catholickes in England, aswell ecclesiasticall, as lay.

MASTER BLAKWELS Letter to the Romish Ca∣tholikes in England.

VEry Reuerend and my dearest beloued bre∣thren, both Priests and people Catholike: four seruant in bands George Blakwell, lately your fel∣low-labourer in Christs Vineyard, and your faithfull pastour and Archpriest, doe remember you alwayes in my prayers, that Almighty God, through our Lord Iesus Christ may graunt vnto you peace, patience, humilitie, and true obedi∣ence, not onely to those, who haue the espe∣ciall charge of your soules: but likewise to

Ciuill Magistrates (according to his holy or∣dinance) King Iames, our lawfull Soueraignè, and such as be in authoritie vnder him, vnto whom the protection of your bodies, goods, and liues is committed, that you may leade a quiet and peaceable life in all godlinesse and honestie.

You are not ignorant of the oppositions, and parts-taking, concerning the Oath of Al∣legeance to his Maiestie, whether with a safe conscience it may be taken or not; nor how I haue bene blamed by diuers, and especially by Cardinal Bellarmine, a worthy and emi∣nent man in the Church, for my iudgement, and former proceedings in that behalfe: nei∣ther also, what the Popes holinesse hath sig∣nified vnto you in his two Briefes, touching that matter. Which may peraduenture make you to wonder, and grow iealous of my sin∣ceritie in the Catholicke faith, when you shall finde me, notwithstanding all that hitherto I haue either heard or seene, still to continue in my former opinion, and to acquaint you with it, accounting it my duetie both before God and the world so to doe.

I know what is conuenient, and profitable

for the Church, and what authoritie the Bi∣shops of Rome haue put in practise, with good successe and approbation, against sun∣dry Emperours, Kings, and Princes, for many yeeres: and wish that the same had euer bin so mildly, and temperately vsed, as that it might neuer haue bene impugned, nor called in question by any. But now that this point is so throughly searched into, not only by our aduersaries, but by our selues likewise, & I be∣ing pressed, as I haue bin, to deliuer my iudg∣ment sincerely and truely, as in the sight of God, & accordingly to take the said oath: & since newly againe more earnestly vrged then before: how could I chuse but acknowledge what I thought, so farre as my learning rea∣cheth, except I should haue sinned against mine owne conscience, and incurred there∣by the wrath of God, who needeth by no vn∣trueths to haue his Church and the honour of it vpheld, and mainteined by any.

It is one thing, what may be yeelded vn∣to, and put in practise de facto, and by posi∣tiue lawes; and another, what may truely be challenged iure diuino: which second branch is that, which is now amongst our owne bre∣thren

so controuerted, and diuersly defen∣ded, as I feare greater preiudice will grow thereby to Catholicke religion, then is iudi∣ciously, as yet foreseene, or prouided for, to be preuented. For it can neuer bee iustified (say what men list) that the doctrine of the Church doeth by any true exposition, or de∣duction any way diminish or empeach the Soueraigntie, and honour of Emperors, kings and princes, but doeth indeed confirme and establish them: the contrary conceit where∣of was falsly imputed to the Christians in the glorious ages of the Church, which did suc∣ceed the Apostles, and ought still to be as much impugned and detested now, as it was then.

That which Cardinall Bellarmine hath writ∣ten to this purpose, is sound and Catholicke, and will neuer by any quirke be auoided. Christ (saith he) did not, nor doeth take king∣domes from them, to whom they did belong. For Christ came not to destroy those things which were well setled, but to establish them. And therefore when a King becommeth a Christian, hee doeth not lose his earthly kingdome, which by right hee held, but purchaseth a new interest to an euerla∣sting

kingdome. Otherwise the benefites receiued by Christ should be hurtfull to Kings, and grace should destroy nature. And againe, Princes infidels are the true and supreme Princes of their kingdomes: for dominion is not founded either in grace, or in faith: so as the Pope hath no authori∣tie to meddle with them. As long then as kings be Ethnickes, they are sure of their interest in their kingdomes, and of the obedience of their subiects; the very law of Nature doeth ratifie both: and can you conceiue, that as soone as they are become Christians, their case is altered, in the assurance of their tem∣porall estates? Must it be pretended, that the benefite receiued by Christ, doeth no way preiudice the interest that Kings haue in their kingdomes: but when they haue submitted themselues to the doctrine of the Gospel, in hope of the kingdome of heauen, and to haue their states bettered, and their subiects setled, as touching their obedience, according to the precepts of Christ and his Apostles, agreea∣bly vnto the morall Law of God: must then vpon any occasion, grace destroy nature, or dominion be shaken, which is not founded in faith? Thinke you, that it was euer the in∣tent

either of Constantine the great, or of any other Kings or Princes, to receiue the Gos∣pel, or to ioyne their Regall authoritie with the Ecclesiasticall, thereby to strengthen Bi∣shops in the execution of their offices, with any purpose, that the power Ecclesiasticall should swallow vp, depresse, or ouertop their temporall Soueraigntie?

Assuredly (my deare brethren) such cogi∣tations as these are scandalous to Christiani∣tie, and ought to make no impression in your soules, otherwise then to eschew them. Bap∣tisme doth worke no such alteration in kings or any other: it tendeth to the destruction of the kingdome of Sathan, but doeth no way empaire or subiect vnto any their tem∣porall estates, otherwise then as they shall be mooued in charitie, and honour, where they haue receiued spirituall blessings, there to be∣stow their benefites and fauours temporall. The coniunction of the Church with tem∣porall kingdomes to make one Christian bo∣die, doeth make no other transmutations, nor confound their gouernments and functions; they doe still remaine distinct as they did be∣fore; so as neither can any Emperour, King,

or ciuill Magistrate, take vpon him the admi∣nistration of the keyes of the kingdome of heauen, nor the execution of any other parts of priestly duties; nor any Priest, Bishop, or the Pope himselfe challenge, in right of the Church, and as they are Bishops, any interest or power in the temporall sword, to manage the same, as they thinke fit, either themselues, or by others at their direction: it being a power giuen onely by God vnto Kings and Princes, to take vengeance on them that doe euill, and to be yeelded vnto, not because of wrath onely, but also for conscience sake.

Neither may the words of God to the Pro∣phet Ieremie, where hee saith, I haue set thee ouer nations, and ouer kingdomes, to plucke vp, and to throw out, and to destroy, and throw down, to build, and to plant, be truely inforced to giue authoritie to his Holinesse, for the transfer∣ring of kingdomes from one to another, or to depose kings, for any cause whatsoeuer, or to absolue their subiects from their allegeance, or to authorize them to beare armes against their Soueraignes, or to roote out, and destroy any kingdome, king, or prince, vnder pre∣tence of building, or planting some other.

This was farre differing from the meaning of the holy Ghost: which in my iudgement is more truely & syncerely expounded by that worthy Cardinall, Hugo Barcbionensis, about 368. yeeres since, (whether you will take the meaning of it literally or mystically) where he writeth in this sort: I haue placed thee ouer na∣tions and Kingdomes, vt euellas, (i) Iudaeos esse euellendos de terrâ suâ, enuncies: that thou may∣est declare, that the Iewes are to be caried by force out of their countrey, & destruas (i) ciuitatem Ierusalem destruendam, & terram eorum, prophetes: that thou mayest foretell, the destru∣ction of Ierusalem, and of their countrey: & dis∣perdas (i) eos disperdendos à principibus Chaldaeorū, praedices: that thou mayest preach vnto them their dispersion by the princes of the Chaldaeans; & dissipes (i) dissipandum esse praedices regnum Iudaeorum per captiuita∣tem, that thou mayest foretell the destruction of the kingdome of the Iewes, through their captiui∣tie. And lest the Iewes might haue despaired, therefore he doth not onely foretel their captiuity, but likewise their deliuerance thence; adding & aedifices, (i) ciuitatem reae dificandam nuncies: that thou mayest assure them, their citie shall a∣gaine

be reedified; & plantes (i) Iudaeos ad∣huc plantandos esse in Iudae &, praedices: that thou mayest foretell the Iewes, that they shall bee againe planted in their owne land. Hitherto the Cardinal, for the literall sense of Gods words vnto Ieremie: and then thus of them mysti∣cally: That thou mayest pull vp vnprofitable berbes, that is, euill cogitations, by contrition; and destroy hurtfull delights, with pure confession, and dissolue sinnes ill growen together, by compe∣tent satisfaction: and breake asunder the bands of euill custome, by good conuersation: and build vpon a sure rocke, by cumulation of merits; and mayest plant the tree of life in thy selfe, and in o∣thers virtutum radicatione, by the ingrafting of vertues.

Out of question the Prophet Ieremie, who best vnderstood the meaning of God, when he spake vnto him, did not otherwise ouer∣throw kings or kingdomes, or scatter, or de∣stroy, or plant, or build vp any kings, people, or nations in his time, then as this worthy Cardinall hath literally expounded the said words: neither may they be further extended either literally or mystically, as of later times they haue been extended, for such their pro∣ceedings

with kings and princes, as in the Oath of Allegeance, are sought to bee pre∣uented.

Not long since Cardinall Bellarmine did write a letter vnto me, in dislike of my yeel∣ding to take the said Oath, and perswading of others therein to followe mine example: where unto after my answere was made, such plots were layed by them, who haue their watches ouer me, as the Cardinals letter it selfe, and the copie of my answere vnto it were knowen and had from me; and I was there∣upon brought into a long and very strict Exa∣mination: wherein I being drawen from point to point, and pressed vpon my duetie both to God, and to his Maiesty, to discharge my conscience, according to my knowledge: I haue dealt as becommeth a true Priest, a duetiful subiect to his Maiestie, a faithfull ser∣uant of God, and an obedient childe to the Popes Holines and of the Catholike Church; and doe very humbly pray you (my louing brethren of all sorts) and withall straightly charge you by the mercies of God, and in the bowels of Iesus Christ, as being your Arch-priest, and thereby hauing yet authority (for

ought I knowe) ouer you, thus to write vnto you; that if euer my said Examination doe come to your sight (as I am verily perswaded it will) you doe not dislike or impugne it, but wholly conforme your selues, and your con∣uersations, by your due obedience to his Ma∣iestie, agreeably vnto it.

The yonger sort of Catholickes (I know) such as are subiect to passion and strength of sundry humours, and in whom there is more feruencie, courage, and forwardnesse, then true discretion, iudgement, and experience, will when they see it, mutter, and peraduen∣ture exclaime against me. But I am better perswaded of you, who are more iudicious, and of the graue and wiser sort; that no sug∣gestions against me, or wrested constructions of any thing by me deliuered either herein, or in my said Examination, may breede in you any offence: being men better grounded, and setled in the truth, touching your obedience to his Maiestie, then that hereafter you will euer giue eare to any of these, or such like o∣ther intiseable perswasions of mens alluring reasons; as that you are no longer to obey his Maiestie, as dutifull Subiects are commanded

by the Apostles, but vntill you shall bee able without danger either of losse of goods, or of your liues, by reason of your numbers, or of some direction from the Pope; to beare armes against him, or to machinate, or put in pra∣ctise any attempt, whatsoeuer, either to the hurt or dishonour of his Maiesties person, or the empeachment of his kingdome and Roy∣all authoritie. These conceires likewise I doe assure you from my soule, are in themselues very detestable, repugnant to the Scriptures, and ought by all true, and sound Catholickes to be for euer abandoned.

Bee not dismayed therefore I befeech you, with any letters or Briefes, which doe after a sort insinuate, that the taking of the Oath of Allegeance is either repugnāt to any point of Faith, as yet concluded vpon by the Church, or vnto the Popes Supremacie, being boun∣ded as it ought, within the limits and reach of the keyes of the kingdome of heauen. Those keyes doe no way extend themselues iure diuino, vnto kingdomes terrene, to open or shut, or to tosse or turmoile any of them: they haue no wardes in them, either so to turne or ouerturne them, nor to open vnto

you any lawfull entrances into such disobedi∣ent and vndutifull courses.

That the Pope is the head of the Catho∣licke Church, therein I am resolute; as also that Emperours, Kings, and all other Prin∣ces, that professe Christianitie, are subiect in some cases vnto his spirituall censures proper∣ly so termed, as interdiction, and Excommu∣nication: but to eradicate them, or to depose them, by any authoritie he can challenge iure diuino in temporalibus, either directly or indi∣rectly, in ordine ad spiritualia, that is vtterly a∣gainst my iudgement: and yet (I hope) I con∣tinue still, as good a Catholicke, as any that holdeth the contrarie, notwithstanding that Cardinall Bellarmine seemeth to affirme in his Letter to me, that no man can concurre with me in opinion herein, and so yeeld to take the Oath of Allegeance (which only ex∣cludeth the Popes authoritie in temporalibus, as well that which is ascribed vnto him direct∣ly, as indirectly) but that hee must needes perfidiously denie the primacie of the See Apo∣stolicke.

At which his words, were they not groun∣ded (I thinke) vpon some misinformation,

I should greatly meruaile, considering that thereby hee doeth insinuate, the Popes su∣premacie (which ought to bee maintained without any hesitation) to depend a great part of it vpon a wonderfull vncertaintie: For no man knoweth better then himselfe, that it hath not beene hitherto determined by the Church, or iudicially by his Ho∣linesse, tanquam ex Cathedrâ, whether the Pope hath any authoritie at all in tempora∣libus, further then in those things, that doe appertaine to S. Peters patrimonie, and other temporalties giuen to the See of Rome. And besides, if it shall fall out hereafter, that the Pope shall be found to haue any such au∣thoritie, it must haue beene giuen him by Christ either indirectly, as hee the said Cardi∣nall with many others his partakers doe re∣solutely affirme, or directly, as the opposite part against him doe take vpon them, with as great confidence, to mainteine, (each of them peremptorily denying the others asser∣tion:) and because likewise vntill the point be ouerruled against one of the said parts (which will not be done in haste for many respects) it cannot possibly be determined, whether the

Pope hath any such authoritie, as either of them holde, or not: it had beene fit in my iudgement for Cardinall Bellarmine, not to haue entangled the Popes supremacie, which is cleare and manifest, with these vncertaine∣ties and perplexities, for to haue blamed me either for auoiding them my selfe, or admo∣nishing of others to take heed, lest they might be entrapped or snared with them.

But his Amplitude writ vnto me, and censu∣red mee as it pleased him: which I could the more easily haue borne, as my duetie requi∣red, had he not therby published to as many as shall see his Letter (the Copie whereof is, as I am informed, spread farre and neere) that by taking of the said oath of Allegeance one of the chiefe heads of our faith, and foundations of Catholicke religion in discrimen adducitur, is brought into question and endangered: there beeing indeede no such head or founda∣tion hitherto agreed vpon or concluded. So as there is no cause (for ought I know, or can iudge) why I should not still perseuere in the approbation of the lawfulnesse of the said othe, and continue my former admonitions

vnto you, for the submitting of your selues vnto it, when it shalbe exacted of you, lest o∣therwise you wilfully cast your selues into those miseries, which are likely to fall vpon you, not as so many arguments of happines, and that blessednesse which is promised to those that suffer for the truths sake, but of those iudgements, which are inflicted vpon men, by Kings and superiour gouernours, for their euill behauiour and disobedience.

Deceiue not therefore your selues (bre∣thren) such sufferings are not the way to Martyrdome, nor approued of God: neuer might treacherie or rebellion, or the bearing of armes by subiects against their Soue∣raignes, or their secret designements against them, or the execution of the same to the en∣dangering or hurt of their royall persons, be graced, or honored with that most glorious title, by whomsoeuer they were either autho∣rized, vndertaken or practised. Take heede (I do most humbly beseech you) of this kind of leauen: be your lumpe of dough otherwise neuer so pure, sweet, and sincere, this mixture will make it sowre, and corrupt it. Stand fast in the Catholicke faith, and in the true pro∣fession

thereof, as hitherto you haue done.

Bee not led away with various and strange doctrines of deposing of Kings, of absoluing their subiects from their Allegeance, of autho∣rizing them to rebell, to beare armes against them, to plot and lay snares secretly how to entrap them, or to offer hurt or violence to their persons. These things (I thanke God) my heart doeth abhorre, and my spirit with∣in me doeth loath and detest them: The voice that bade Peter, Kill and eate, neuer meant that hee should deale so with Princes, cast them out of their seates, and bestow their kingdomes vpon others, or procure them to be killed, that Christians and Catholicke re∣ligion might flourish and bee comforted. Meats and drinks may establish our strength; but such proceedings with kings ought to be no foode for our soules. Iames and Iohn, be∣cause they would haue had the Samaritanes to haue beene destroyed with fire from hea∣uen, for that they would not receiue their master Christ, were sharpely rebuked and told by him, that they knew not of what spi∣rit they were. S. Peter drewe his sword, and smote off Malchus eare, in as iust a cause to

the eyes of humane wisedome, as was possi∣ble; but Christ disliked that his fact, and gaue it for a generall rule or caueat (in my iudge∣ment) to all Catholicke priests and people, saying: that all that strike with the sword, shall perish with the sword. These and such like things (my deare brethren) are written out of question to our correption and Catho∣licke information.

Beware therefore of them in whose mouthes and actions sanguis nihil est, bloud is nothing: tread not in the steps of ruine, stumble not a∣gainst rockes, commit not your selues to such laborious wayes. If your owne children (who are fathers) or your owne fathers (who are children) should perswade you to any of these courses, doe not follow their counsell, for it is not of God: let Buchananus and his fellowes, and whosoeuer else doe follow them, runne alone in these rebellious and wicked races. But inquire you, according to the Prophets direction, and your owne Catholicke profes∣sion, of the olde pathes, quae sit via bone, which is the good way, and walke in it. Cer∣teinly, be you well assured, these wayes wher∣of I will put you in minde, were the olde

wayes, I beseech you embrace them; that it may not be said of you, that is said of others in another case: Laudatis semper antiquitatem, & nouè de die viuitis: you alwayes com∣mend antiquitie (and therein you doe well) but many of you are too much subiect to no∣uelties: which I greatly mislike. Doeth your coine carie the image of K. Iames? then ren∣der to K. Iames the things that are K. Iames his, and vnto God the things that are Gods. Let euery soule be subiect to higher powers, for there is no power, but of God. Therefore hee that resisteth the power, resisteth the ordi∣nance of God. And they that resist, purchase to themselues damnation. Therefore be sub∣iect of necessitie, not onely for wrath, but also for conscience sake. Render to all men their due; tribute, to whom tribute, to whom cu∣stome, custome, to whom feare, feare, to whom honour, honour.

I desire first of all things (saith the Apostle) that obsecrations, prayers, postulations, and thankesgiuing be made for all men; for kings, that we may leade a quiet and peaceable life in all pie∣tie and chastitie: for this is good and acceptable before our Sauiour God. Bee subiect to euery

humane creature for God, whether it be to king, as excelling: or to rulers as sent by him, to the reuenge of male factours, but to the praise of the good: for so is the will of God, that doing well, you may make the ignorance of vnwise men, to be dumbe, as free and not as hauing the freedome, for a cloake of malice, but as the seruants of God. Honour all men. Loue fraternitie. Feare God. Honour the King.

In these Catholike and Apostolicall waies (my louing brethren) the best and most an∣cient of all our forefathers did carefully walke and delight: professing that they were the same to the Emperours, that they were to their neighbours: and that they were forbidden equal∣ly to wish euill, to doe euill, to speake euill, or to thinke euill of any man: that whatsoeuer was not lawfull for them to doe against the Emperour, the same they might not doe against a∣ny: that what they might doe against no man, they might peraduenture the lesse doe against the Emperour, qui per Deum tantus est, who is by Gods ordinance so great a person. That a Chri∣stian was no mans enemie, much lesse the Empe∣rours, whom of necessitie he must loue, reuerence, and honour, and wish long health vnto, as know∣ing

him to be appointed of God: That they so wor∣shipped the Emperour, as they lawfully might and was expedient for him, as a man the second from God, and lesse then God onely: That they did in∣uocate the eternall God for the health of their Emperors, as knowing who gaue them their Em∣pire: and that they (the said Emperours) are onely vnder the power of God, à quo sunt se∣cundi, post quem, primi, from whome (in tem∣porall affaires) they are the second, and after whome, the first: That they did admire in their Emperours the iudgement of God, who placed them ouer nations: that they knew that to bee in them, which God would, and that therefore they desired that to be preserued which was according to his ordinance: That they prayed for their Em∣perours, for their Ministers and powers, for the estate of the world, and for the quiet of all things.

Now (deare Catholickes) forasmuch as that which the Emperours were to the anci∣ent Christians, the same is King IAMES vnto vs; vnder whome our states being farre more tolerable, then theirs were vnder many of them; let vs not bee otherwise affected to∣wards his Maiestie, then they were to their said Emperours. The will of God is one and

the same for euer: that which was nor lawfull then, is still vnlawfull: what was the duetie of Christians at that time, doth now continue in as full strength to binde vs, as it did them. It is therefore our bounden dueties to yeeld that to our dread Souereigne Lord King Iames within his kingdoms, which they did to their Emperours within the compasse of their Em∣pire, and dayly to pray for his Maiestie, as they prayed for their Emperours, that Almigh∣ty God would grant vnto him viram prolixam, a long life, (which we must not therefore seeke to shorten) imperium secuium, a secure reigne, (which we may not therefore in any sort di∣sturbe) domum tutam, safety in his Court, (which wee may nor therefore by any pra∣ctises empeach) exercitus fortes, valiant soul∣diers, (whose allegeance therfore we may not endeuour to auert) senatum fidelem, a faith∣full Councel, (which we may not therefore la∣bour to corrupt) populum probum, dutifull subiects, (whome we may not therefore per∣swade to beare armes against him) orbem quietum, a quiet kingdome, (which we may not therefore seeke to molest, or extort from him) and all those blessings, and comforts, that his heart

can desire, which we may not therefore seeke to hinder or impaire. If these then bee the auncient paths of our forefathers, let vs pur∣sue them: if this be the good way, cease not to walke in it. Thinke diligently vpon him, which sustained of sinners such contradiction against himselfe, that you bee not wearied fain∣ting in your mindes. All discipline for the pre∣sent certes seemeth not to bee of ioy, but of sor∣row: but afterwards it wil render to you (deare Catholickes) that are exercised by it, most peaceable fruit of iustice, and the God of all comfort will in his due time fill your soules with all true consolation, either in this world, or at the least in the world to come.

And agreeably to this sound counsell and wholesome doctrine is that of S. Augustine, where answering such a like question, as per∣aduenture some more impatient amongst you then the rest, might here make, (in that I may not with a safe conscience put you in hope of any reliefe from your distresses, by a∣ny attempts to be made against his Maiestie, or the State; but that whatsoeuer doth happen vnto you, you must continue in feare, true o∣bedience and fidelitie vnto his highnesse, and

to your naturall countrey; arming your selues only with patience and prayer:) Nunquid sic erit semper? shall we alwayes be in this case? he the said holy Father saith; Non sic erit; it shall not be so for euer, veniet tempus, quando vnus agnoscatur Deus, the time shall come, when one God shall bee acknowledged. But it may be asked, when? and that hee answe∣reth likewise: Quando vnus Christus in clari∣tate suâ apparens &c. when our onely Sauiour Christ, appearing in his brightnesse, shall congre∣gate before him all nations, and diuide them, as a Pastor diuideth his goats from his sheepe, and place his sheepe vpon his right hand, and his goats vpon his left: And in the meane while strengthen your hearts with this assured hope, that continuing in the faith of our Lord Iesus Christ, and in the holy obedience of his Church, the King then shall say to you that shall be at his right hand, Come you bles∣sed of my Father, possesse you the kingdome pre∣pared for you from the foundation of the world.

And in the meane while let vs posiesse our soules in patience, seeking through grace, by our seruice to please God with feare and reuerence: goe we altogether to our Sauiour

without the campe carying his reproch, and our Lord Iesus Christ himselfe, and God and our Father which hath loued vs, and hath gi∣uen eternall consolation, and good hope in grace, exhort your hearts, and confirme you in euery good worke and word.

Georgius Blakwellus Archipr. Angliae, & Protonotarius Apostolicus.

From the Clincke, Ianuary 20. 1607.

Endorsed. To my Reuerend assistants, with the rest of my deare Brethren both of the Clergie, and Laitie.

Notes

• Bell. de Rom. Pont. lib. 5. cap. 3.
• Idem ibidem. cap. 2.
• Ierem. cap. 1.
• Hugo. Card. in Iere. cap. 1.
• Ecclus. 8. 19.
• Tertul. Apo∣loget. cap. 6.
• Tertul. Apo∣loget. cap. 36.
• Tertul. ad Sca∣pulam cap. 2.
• Tertul: Apolog: cap. 30.
• Ibidem cap. 22.
• Tertul. Apol. cap 30.
• Heb. 12. 3.
• Ibidem. 11.
• August. enar∣rat. in Psal. 24.