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COrnelius Gallus was an excel∣lent Poet, and the first ‖ gouer∣nour of Egypt, who when as ‖ he out of measure affected an harlot called Cytheris, late seruant of Vo∣lumnius, whom the Poet here calls Lycoris: and she answered not [his] mutuall loue, but despising him fol∣lowed Anthonie into France; is thought to haue taken that repulse most grieuously. ‖ Therefore Virgil comforts him in this Eclogue, but yet so, as that he doth not depart
from pastorall persons and ‖ rusticall comparisons. All this argument likewise is almost taken out of ‖ Thyr∣sis of Theocritus, where he ‖ prose∣cutes the like loue of Daphnis.
a ONymph of the fountaine ‖ A∣rethuse, grant me this last labour.
I am to vtter a few verses to my Gallus, but which Lycoris her selfe may reade. Can any one denie verses vnto Gel∣lus?
1 ‖ So let not bitter 2 Doris intermixe her streames with thee, when thou shalt runne vnder the 3 Sicanian waues.
b Begin, let vs record the carefull loues of Gal∣lus.
Whilst that the little flat noz'd goates ‖ doe crop the tender sprigs.
We sing not to the deafe, the woods do answer euery thing.
c O Naiades, yee Nymphs, what ‖ woods or what ‖ launds held you, when Gallus perished ‖ by vnworthy loue?
For neither any tops of 4 Parnassus, nor yet of 5 Pindus stayed you, no nor 6 Aganippe [the fountaine] of Aonia.
d Yea the very law∣rell trees [bewailed] him, and euen the low shrubs wept for [him.]
And in like manner mount Menalus full of pine trees [made moane for] him, lying vnder ‖ a louely rocke, yea and the ‖ stones of cold ‖ Ly∣caeus [ bemoaned] him.
The sheepe likewise stand round about; they are not ashamed of vs.
Ne yet oh diuine Poet, be thou ashamed of cattell.
For euen that faire ‖ Adonis ‖ grazed sheepe by the riuers sides.
There came also 7 the sheepheards, the slow ‖ Al. neat-heards [like∣wise] came.
[ And] Menalcas wringing wet, came from gathering Winter a∣cornes;
‖ All ask, from whence this loue [should be?] e [and euen] Apollo came to thee:
Gallus, why art thou mad, quoth he? Thy loue Lycoris
Follows another [man] both ‖ through the snow and through the dread∣full campes.
Syluanus also came ‖ with the country honor of [his] head,
‖ Shaking flourishing ‖ ferule branches, and faire lillies [ in his hand.
Pan the God of Arca∣dia came [withal,] whom we our selues saw
[Coloured] red, with bloud-red berries of the ebull tree, and with ‖ ver∣milion.
And will there be no measure, quoth he, [of this thy heauinesse?] ‖ Loue regards not any such things.
Neither [is] cruell loue [‖satiate] with teares, nor grasse with water streames;
Nor yet the bees are ‖ satisfied with Cythise flowers, nor litle goates with tender sprigs of trees.
f But yet, quoth he, [though] very pensiue▪ ye Arcadians shall sing these [songs] in your mountaines; yee Arca∣dians [I say] being the onely cunning musitians; oh how sweetly shall my bones rest then, if that your ‖ pipe ‖ may record my loues in future times?
‖ And I do wish I had bene one of you, and ei∣ther a tender of your flocke, or a gatherer of [your] ripe grapes.
Certainly whether Phillis were my loue, or else Amyntas, or any fu∣rie whasoeuer: (what then, though Amyntas be blacke?
Both violets are black, and hurtle berries too [are] blacke.)
‖ He [yet] should lie downe with me amongst the willowes, vnder the limber vine.
Phillis should gather me garlands, Amyntas should sing [me songs.]
Here, O Lycoris, [are] coole springs; ‖ here are pleasant medowes: here [is] a groue: here I could wish to spend [euen] all my dayes with thee.
g Now raging loue keepes me in armes of warlicke Mars, a∣mongst the midst of
weapons and enemies bent against [vs.]
Thou (oh hard and vnkind loue) being farre off from thy countrey ( which I wish that I could not beleeue) [and] alone without me doest onely see the Alpine snowes, and the cold of the riuer Rhene. ‖ Ah, let not the cold hurt thee!
Ah, let not the sharpe ice cut thy tender feete!
h I will be gone, and will tune with ‖ a Sicilian pipe, songs which I haue made ‖ in Calcidian verse.
I am determined ra∣ther to endure [any mi∣serie] in the woods a∣mongst the dens of wilde beasts, and to write my loues in tender trees: the [trees] will grow, [and so ye my] loues shall grow.
Menalus, where the Nymphs frequent.
Or I will hunt the fierce wilde boares: no colds shall hinder me to range about the ‖ Parthe∣nian launds with dogs.
‖ Now I seeme vnto my selfe to go ‖ by th' rockes and sounding groues; I take delight to shoote 8 Cydonian arrows with a 9 Parthian bow; as if this were the medicine of our raging loue.
Or else that ‖ that God may learne to become more gentle by th' mis∣haps of men.
i [But] now againe neither ‖ those Nymphs of the woods, no nor our ‖ verses themselues do giue vs any content: yee very woods giue place againe.
‖ Our labours cannot change that God of loue.
‖ Heber in the midst of Winter.
And should vndergo ‖ the Al. Scythian snowes of the watery Winter [season.]
No nor yet if we should tend the sheepe of the Blackamoores, when the Sun is in Can∣cer; ‖ whenas the barke dying, parcheth in the high elme.
Loue ouercometh ‖ all things, ‖ and [therefore] let vs [likewise] yeeld to loue.
k Oh ‖ ye Goddesses, ‖ it shall [now] be e∣nough for your Poet to haue sung these [son∣nets.]
Whilst he sits still, and makes a little bas∣ket of small limber twigs.
Oh Muses of ‖ Pie∣rius, ye shall make these [my] chiefest [songs] [most acceptable] vnto Gallus.
l To Gallus [I say]
whose loue growes so much in mee euerie houre,
As the greene al∣der tree spreads it selfe a∣broad in the prime of the Spring.
m Let vs arise: the shade is wont to be noisome vnto them that sing;
The shadow of the iuniper tree is ‖ grieuous: shadowes [of trees] do hurt euen the verie fruites.
n [Oh ye my little goates] full fed, go home, the euening comes, get you gone [my] goates.
A choise Poet.
President or Lieutenant.
He was euen mad with the loue of Cytheris an harlot or where.
Desperately or outragiously loued.
One who was lately a seruant, now set free.
Neither she answered his mutuall loue, [viz. loued him not againe.
But he being despised▪ she had followed Anthonie into France, [viz. Anthonies ar∣mie.
He is beleeued, or credibly reported.
Whereupon.
Vplandish, rurall, homely, or taken from matters of the countrey.
And also this whole.
The first Idy••ion of Theocritus called Thyrsis.
Followes or sets out.
The Poet in this last pastoral being to cele∣brate the memory of another famous Poet called Cornelius Gallus, inuocates the Nymphs of Syracusa to help him
Oh Arethusa.
Arethusa is a fountaine of sweete water of Syracusa, where Theocritus liued. Whereby he meaneth the Muses of Syracusa and of Theocritus, whom he inuocates to helpe him therein.]
A few verses are to be said [or sung] to my Gallus [or of my Gallus] [viz. of the loues of my Gallus to∣wards Cytheris, whom here he calls Lycoris.]
The fountaine A∣rethuse is numbred a∣mong the wonders of waters, that it hauing the head in Pelopon∣nesus is thought to run maruellous farre vnder the sea, and to breake soorth againe at this fountaine.
So bitter Doris [viz. the bitter or brackie sea] let her not intermingle [or mixe] her waue [viz her water] to thee [viz. with thy sweete water] whenas thou shalt slide vnder the Si∣canian flouds [or streames] [viz. the waues of the sea of Sicily.
As thou shalt fauour and helpe vs, so let thy sweet•• waters be kept pure from the salt waters of the sea, which th•• ru••st vnder.
Doris a Goddesse of the sea, daughter to O∣ceanus, and wife of Ne∣re•• mother of the Nymphs, put for the sea by a Me••. 〈◊〉〈◊〉.
Sicani people of Spaine or Sicily, which came from Spaine, from whom the sea is so-named.
Here first begins the proposition of the Ec∣logue, wherin the Poet stirres vp himselfe and his Muse to sing some songs of Gallus and his carefull loues. And this from the time and his leisure, and also from the audience which they should haue.
[O Nymph] begin, let vs speake of [or report] the carefull loues of Gal∣lus.
Do nip or brouze the yong shootes, or twigs, or new sprouts.
Do answer all things [by their ec∣cho, or by other shepheards.]
Secondly, he accuseth the Muses that they were so carelesse of Gallus, to let him so to leaue his studies, and to perish in such vnbesee∣ming loue, that they could not be found to reclaime or pitie him, no not in any hill, nor about any fountaine.
O ye girles [called] Naiades, [viz. ye Nymphs of the fountaines. [These were Fairies haunting about such places.]
Groues.
Forrests or parks.
Had you, [viz. kept you away.]
By vnbefitting or disdai••full loue.
For neither the ridges of Parnassus [haue made or caused delay] to you, for neither any [ridges] of the hill Pindus haue made delay to you [or stayed you,] nor Aganippe [the foun∣taine of Aonia or Boetia.
Parnassus is a mount of Phocis.
Pindus of Thessaly, both consecrated to A∣pollo.
Aganippe a fountain o•• Boetia, dedicated to the Muses.
When all things see∣med to mourne for him, both bay trees, shrubs.
Euen the lawrell trees [haue wept for] him, and also the tamaruke [or beath] haue wept [viz. bewailed his misfortune.
Also Menalus bearing pine-trees [bewailed] him.
A solitary rocke, or a bare rocke, all alone.
Hils.
And sheepe.
Rockes.
Lycaeus a mountaine of Arcadia, dedicated to Pan.
Of which, by an A∣postrophe, he profes∣seth himselfe not to be ashamed, like as the sheepe were not asha∣med of him. And so moues Gallus not to be abashed of tending sheepe, for that Ado•• is did the same.
Haue bewailed him.
Neither doth it repent [or shame] them of vs, [they are not ashamed of ••s to tend them▪ [or it repe••ts them not to mourne for our cause] or by an Hypallage, it repe••ts not vs of them.
Neither.
Let it repent thee of cattell, [viz. be not ashamed or grieued to tend cattell.]
Also faire Adonis fed sheepe at the riuers.
After he shewes how shepheards came.
Adonis sonne of Cinyra king of Cy∣prus, beloued of Venus for his beautie.
Tended.
The shepheard.
Vpilio pro opilio, & opilio q. ouilio, qui o••es custodit.
Neat-heards.
Heardmen.
Swineheards, [or those who looked to ••eed swine] as Menalcas who came wringing wet.
Al. Swineheards or hogheards.
Menalcas being wet [or all wet] came from the Winter acorne [viz. from gathering acornes in the Winter for his swine.
All these wondered at this mad loue of Gal∣lus, enquiring whence it was.
All of them aske how Gallus should fall into this franticke loue.
Yea the Gods them∣selues who had had ex∣perience of the power of loue, came to com∣fort him; as Apollo, who in rebuking wise askes him, why he did so tor∣ment himselfe, seeing Lycoris was runne after another man, viz. after M. Antonius a Captaine into France.
[And] said, Gallus, why art thou mad?
Lycoris [all] thy care.
Ouer the Alpes, where snow lieth almost all the yeare long.
The horrible campes [or tents of 〈◊〉〈◊〉 souldiers.]
Secondly Syluanus the God of the woods, who is described by his Adiuncts, how he came adorned with a garland on his head, and sha∣king ferule branches and lillies in his hand.
With a garland on his head, which is the pompe [or honour of the coun∣trey]
Shaking in his hands branches of ferule.
The ferule is a kind of shrub or big herbe like vnto fennel giant, with the branches whereof schoole-maisters v∣sed to i••rt children on the hands, whence came the name of the F••rula. Ferulaeque tristes, sceptra paedago∣gorum. Mart.
Great lillies.
Thirdly, Pan the God of shepheards musicke came likewise to com∣fort him, who is set out also by his Adiuncts: how he was painted all red with elder berries and with vermilion.
Who comforts Gallus as Apollo did, rebuking him louingly: That sorrow was no meanes to cure loue, but the more he wept, the more he might. And this he illustrates by three similitudes or ar∣guments à pari. That as grasse cannot be sa∣tisfied by riuers run∣ning by, nor bees with the flower of Cythisus, nor goates with tender sprigs of trees, so nor loue with teares.
Being red with bloudie berries of the ebull [or low elder,] [it is a tree like the elder tree in leafe and berry, but not so big in growth.]
Red lead.
And what measure shall there be, quoth he?
Loue is nothing moued with sorrow or griefe.
Content or satisfied.
Nor the grasse [is satiate.]
With riuers watering them.
Filled or satiate,
With Cythisus [viz. with the flow∣ers of it.] Of this herb in the first Ec∣logue.
Nor the little goates [are satisfied]
With a bough or tender sprig of a tree. Syn. sp▪
Hither to hath Virgil spoken in his owne per∣son: now is Gallus brought in answering, and comforting him∣selfe.
First, that the Arca∣dians the onely skilfull musitians of the world, should record his loues, and then how sweetly his bones should rest thereby.
But he [viz. Gallus] being sad [or pensiu••] said, ye Arcadians, &c.
Being alone skilfull to sing [or in singing:] ch how softly the bones may rest to me then, [viz how sweet∣ly shall my bones rest [in my graue.]
Song.
May speake of.
In time to come, or hereafter.
I would to God.
Secondly, that Gallus detesting his owne e∣state, wisheth that he had bene a countrey∣man, either a shepherd or a dresser of vines, for the delights and com∣panie which such haue to sport withall, as of Phillis and Amyntas. That although Amyn∣tas was blacke, yet so are violets and bramble berries also.
A keeper.
A gatherer of your ripe grapes, [viz. a dresser of your vines.
Certainly [or surely] whether Phil∣lis were [a louer] to me, or else A∣myntas [were] [a louer,] or whatso∣euer furie [or raging loue, viz. louer causing raging loue] (what then if Amyntas be browne [viz. swart or blacke?]
The berries of the great bramble.
And he could delight himselfe with them.
Should rest.
Phillis should make him garlands, Amyntas should sing.
Phillis should gather garlands for me, [viz. flowers to make gar∣lands for me.]
Thirdly, he in a new and sudden passion of loue, turneth his speech to Lycoris, whom he seeketh to call backe by the pleasantuesse of the places where he was. As coole foun∣taines, sweet medowes and woods.
O Lycoris [my loue] here [are] cold springs.
Cold as ice.
Here in the countrey.
Soft medowes.
A wood.
Here I could be spent with thee for eternitie [or for euer]
Nunc insanus, &c.] Here Gallus breaks ou•• to bewaile the miserie both of himselfe and of Lycoris his loue. That as she was now, so his heart was with her in the midst of the ene∣mies and warres: and thus he falleth into ex∣clamations, commi∣serating her hard heart and wofull case, by an Apostrophe, turning his speech vnto her.
I could be consumed.
Mad loue.
Detaines [or holds] me, [viz. in affection or my affections.]
* In the weapons [viz. among the weapons of hard [viz. cruell] Mars.
And aduerse enemies, [viz. vio∣lently bent against vs.]
Thou (ah hard) [Lycoris.]
Let it not be for me to beleeue.
That she was now in France, farre off from her countrey, or about the Alpes, readie to pe∣rish by the coldnesse of the countrey, caused both by the snowes and frosts, and riuers, and none to care for her.
The snowes of the Alpes [viz. of mountaines whereby Italy is diuided from France and Germanie,] called Alpes, q. albes, because they are al∣most alwayes white with snow.
Ah [take heed] lest the sharpe ice cut the tender soles of the feete to thee.
And so perswades her in regard of the cold & sharpnesse of the coun∣tries, rather to returne into Italy againe.
In the 12 next verses Gall•• propounds vnto himselfe the remedies which he wil vse for the ••uring of his loue, by contrary studies.
I will go, and will tune [or play] the songs which are made of me in Calcidian verse, with an oaten pipe of a Sicilian shepheard.
With an oate.
By the Sicilian shepheard, ••e mea∣neth Theocritus.
Songs which are made to me, [viz. of me.]
In the verse of Euphor••on the Poet of Chalchis, whom Gallus translated forth of Greeke into Latin.
It is determined [of me] to will rather to suffer [any miserie.]
As first by giuing his minde to the studie of Poetrie, wherein he propounds to imitate Euphorion and Theocri∣tus. And so to liue soli∣tarie in woods, there to write his songs of loue, and to ca••e them in trees, that they may grow vp with the trees.
To cut in [or car••e] my loues, [viz. songs of my loue] in tender trees [viz. barks of trees.]
The second remedie of his loue, should be by his trauelling, and seeking new loues.
In the meane while I will view the hils called Menalus, the Nymphs be∣ing mixt, [or frequent there.]
The third remedie, by giuing himselfe to hunting, and by endu∣ring therein whatsoe∣uer annoyance; and this is set out by the places and delights which he seemed to enioy in the very conceit thereof.
The fierce beares.
Not any colds shall forbid me to compasse about the Partheniā launds [or forrests] with dogs.
Parthenius is a mountaine of Ar∣cadia, so call'd of the virgins which vsed to hunt there, 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉.
Now me thinks I go,
Through [or amongst] the rockes and sounding groues [viz. sounding with the Eccho.]
As going amongst the rockes and groues, shooting with most ex∣cellent bowes and ar∣rowes, that so he may asswage the furie of his raging loue.
It listeth me to whirle [or shoote forth] Cydonian darts with a Par∣thian horne, [viz a bow tipped with horne:] as if this may be the medicine of our furie, [viz. the remedie of our furious [or ouer passionate] loue.]
Cydon is a citie of Creete, where are most excellēt reeds to make arrowes.
The Parthians were most notable archers.
Cupid the God of loue.
To waxe milde by the euils of men, [viz. by our miseries.]
Here the Poet sud∣denly disliking the for∣mer remedies, setteth out the inconstancie of loue, and that no reme∣dies can cure it, neither the pleasures of the woods, no•• the studie of Poetrie, no no•• any musicke, no•• yet any toyles can asswage the rage thereof▪
Now againe neither the Hama∣dryades [do please vs,] nor [our] verses themselues do please vs.
Hamadryades are Nymphs bree∣ding and dying with the ••akes.
Songs.
Yeeld ye [to loue] [viz. because ye cannot cure it.]
All our toyles and trauels cannot change [or turne]
Him [viz. Cupid] that is, cannot asswage our loue.]
Nor enduring of any hardnesse, set out 1 by drinking vp the coldest riuer.
If we both drinke.
Hebrus the riuer of Thracia.
In the cold, being in the midst [or in the midst of the cold, or amidst the cold.
And vndergo, [viz endure to tra∣uell in the snowes of Scythia in the Winter.
And secondly by abi∣ding the deepest snows▪
Al. Snowes of Sithon a mountaine of Thracia.
Nor if we oft turne about [viz. do tend] the sheepe of the Ethiopians vn∣der the signe of Cancer, [viz. in the hotest scorching heate.
Thirdly, by suffering the most scorching heate in the hottest countries of the world, neare the burning line, and in the patching Sunne, when all things seeme to begin to die with heate.
Whenas the highest trees do seeme to scorch and die with heate.
Euery thing [viz. euery liuing creature, to make them yeeld to satis∣fie it.]
Whence Gallus con∣cludeth that loue ouer∣cometh all things, and therfore he must needs yeeld to loue.
Let vs yeeld to loue, [viz. let vs also suffer our selues to be ouercome by it, or we may also yeeld to loue.
Here Virgil speakes himselfe, and conclu∣deth this Eclogue with an Apostrophe and in∣uocation of the Muses, that Gallus might ac∣cept of his homely verse; that the Muses themselues wold make these verses meete for Gallus, whilst ••e is still making vp his wicker stuffe, viz. perfecting his other Pastorals.
Ye Muses.
It shall suffice that your Poet [Vir∣gil] hath sung these songs [viz. ver∣ses.]
Whilst he sits and weaues [or plats] a little pannier [or maund] with a slender bulrush.
Of the Pierides see before in the 3 6. and 8. Eclogues.
Greatest [verses] viz. fit and meete for Gallus, [viz. that he may receiue them with the like affection as I haue written them.]
And thence he la∣boureth to expresse his loue to Gallus, how his loue towards him did increase continually; & this by an argument à pari. That is increased as much each houre, as the alder trees shootes foorth in the prime of the Spring.
The loue of whom increaseth so much to me in houres, [viz. euerie houre.]
How much the greene alder tree subiects it selfe [viz. growes sprea∣ding abroad downeward and each way] in the new spring [or in the be∣ginning of the spring, or in the flou∣rishing spring.]
Afterward taketh occasion to end this Eclogue from the dan∣ger of the place where he sat, viz. vnder a iuni∣per tree, the shadow whereof is especially hurtfull, as the shadows of all trees are to things growing vnder them, and therfore he should arise.
Grieuous to [men] singing, [viz. to shepheards when they sing, lying vnder the shadowes of trees.]
Noisome [or hurtfull, [viz. is espe∣cially hurtfull.
The fruites also, [viz. corne or whatsoeuer groweth vnder them.]
And finally he shuts vp all by turning his speech vnto his goates, that they might now go home, both being full, and the euening starre now shewing it selfe.
Being full.
The euening starre comes, [viz. doth shew it selfe.]
Go ye [my] little goates. Ite, ••te. Apost••. & Epan.