The Englishemans treasure, or treasor for Englishmen vvith the true anatomye of mans body, compiled by that excellent chirurgion Maister Thomas Vicary Esquier Sergeant Chirurgion to King Henry the 8. to King Edward the 6. to Queene Mary. and to our soueraigne lady Queene Elizabeth. And also cheefe chirurgion to S. Bartholomewes hospitall. Whereunto are annexed many secrets appertaining to chirurgery, with diuers excellent approued remedies for all diseases the which are in man or woman, with emplasters of speciall cure with other potions and drinkes approued in phisike. Also the rare treasor of the English bathes, written by William Turner, Doctor in Phisicke. Gathered and set forth for the benefit of his friendes and countrimen in England by William Bremer practitioner in phisicke and chirurgery.

The Anatomie of the simple members.

ANd if it be, asked you howe many simple members therebe, it is to be answered, eleuen and two that be but super 〈◊〉〈◊〉 of members: and th•…•…se be they, Bones, Cartilages, Nerues, Pannicles, Lygamēts, Cordes, Arteirs, Ueynes, Fatnes, Flesh and Skinne: and the superfluities be the heares and the nayles. I shal begin at the bone, because it is the foundatiō, and the hardest mē∣ber of all the body. The Bone is a c•…•…nsimile member, sim∣ple and spermaticke, and colde and dry of complexion, in∣sensible, and inflexible: and hath diuers formes in mans body, for the diuersitie of helpings. The cause why there be many bones in mans body is this: Sometime it is néedeful that one member or one lymme should moue without ano∣ther. Another cause is, that some defende the principall members, as doth the bone of the brest, and of the head: and some to be the foundatiō of diuers parts of the body, as the bones of the Ridge, and of the legges: and some to fulfill the hollow places, as in the handes and féete, &c.

The Grystle is a member simple and spermaticke, next in hardnes to the bone, and is of complexion colde and dry,

and insen•…•…ible. The grystle was •…•…rdeyned for •…•…ixe •…•…auses, or profites that I fin•…•…e in it: The first is, that the continu∣al mouing of the hard bone might not be done in a iuncture but that the grystle should be a meane betwéene the Lyga∣ment and him: The seconde is, that in the time of concussi∣on or oppression, the soft members or limmes should not be hurt of the hard•…•…: The thirde is, that the extremitie of bones and Ioyntes that be grystly, might the 〈◊〉〈◊〉 be folded and moued together without hurt: the fourth is, for that it is necessary in some meane places to put a grystle, as in the throte bowel for the sounde: The fifth is, for that it is néedefull that some members be holden vp with a gry∣stle, as the l•…•…ds of the eyes: The sixth is; that some limmes haue a susteyning and a drawing abroade, as in the nose and the eares, &c.

The Lygament is a member consimple, simple, & sper∣maticke, next in hardnesse hardnesse 〈◊〉〈◊〉 the grystle and of com•…•…lexion colde and dry, and is fle•…•…ible and in•…•…ensible, and bi•…•…deth the bones together. The cause why h•…•… is flexible and in∣sensible is this: If it had béene sensible, he might not haue suffred the labour and mouing of the ioyntes: and if it had not béen flexible of his bowing, one lymme should not haue moued without another. The seconde profite is, that hee be ioyned with sinew•…•…s, for to 〈◊〉〈◊〉 Cordes and Brawnes: The thirde helpe is, that he be a resting pla•…•…e to some sy∣news: The fourth profite is, that by him the members that be within the body be susteined, as the matrix and kidneis, and diuers other, &c.

The Sinew is a 〈◊〉〈◊〉 member, simple and sper∣maticke, meane betwéene har•…•… and soft, and in complexion cold and drye, and he is both flexible an•…•… sensible, strong and tough, hauing his beginning from the braine, or from Mynuca, which is the 〈◊〉〈◊〉 of the backe. And from the braine commeth, 〈◊〉〈◊〉 payre •…•…f Nerues se•…•…satiues, an•…•… from

Mynuca commeth xxx. payre of Nerues moti•…•…s, and one that is by himselfe, that springeth of the last spondell. All these senewes haue both féeling and mouing, in •…•…ome more and in some lesse. &c.

A Corde or Tendon is a consimple or officiall member, compounde and spermaticke, synowy, strong, and tough, meanely betwéene hardnes and softnesse, and meanly sen∣sible, and flexible, and in complexion cold and dry. And the Corde or Tendon is thus made: The synewes that come from the braine and from Mynuca, and goe to mooue the members, is intermingled with the Lygamentes, & when the synewes and Lygamentes are intermingled together, then is made a Corde. And thrée causes I perceiue why the Cordes were made: The first is, that the Synewe alone is so sensible that hee may not suffer the great labour and trauell of mouing, without the fellowshippe and strength of the Lygament that is insensible, & that letteth his great féeling, and bringeth him to a perfect temperaunce, and so the Cordes moue the limmes to the will of the soule. And this Corde is associated with a simple fleshe, and so thereof is made a brawne or a Muskle, on whom he might rest af∣ter his trauell. And this Brawne is called a Muskle. Then when this Corde is entred into this brawne, he is depar∣ted into many small thréedes, the which be called wylle. And this will hath thrée properties. The first is in length, by whose vertue that draweth it hath might: The second in breadth, by whom the vertue that casteth out hath might: The third in thwartnes, in whom the vert•…•…e that holdeth hath might: and at the end of the Brawne those thréedes be gathered together to make an other Muskle. &c.

Nowe I will beginne at the Artere. This Artere is a member cons•…•…myle, simple and spermaticke, hollowe and synowye, hauing his springing from the heart, bringing from the heart to euery mem•…•…er blood and spirite of life. It

is of complexion colde and drye. And all these Arteres haue two cotes, except one that goeth to the Lunges, and he hath but one cote that spreadeth abroad in the Lungs, and brin∣geth with him to the Lungs blood, with the spirite of life to nourish the Lungs withall: and also that Artere bringeth with him from the lungs ayre to temper the fumous heate that is in the heart. And this Artere is he that is called Ar∣teria venalis, because he hath but one cote as a vaine, and is more obedient to be delated abroad through •…•…l the lungs, because that the blood might the sooner sweate through him: whereas all other Arters haue two cotes, because one cote may not withstande the might & power of the spirite of life. Diuerse other causes there be, which shalbe declared in the Anatomie of the brest. &c.

The Ueyne is a simple member in complexion cold and drye, and spermaticke, like to the Artere, hauing his begin∣ning from the Lyuer, and bringing from the Liuer nutri∣tiue blood, to nourish euery member of the body with. And it is so to be vnderstanded that there is no more difference betwéene these two vessels of blood, but that the Artere is a vessell of bloud spirituall or vitall. And the Ueine is a ves∣sell of bloud nutrimentall, of the which Ueines there is noted two most principall, of the which one is called Vena porta, the other is called venacelis, of whom it is too much to treate of nowe, vntill we come to the Anatomie of the wombe. &c.

The flesh is a consimiler member, simple, not sperma∣ticke, and is ingendred of bloud congeled by heate, and is in complexion hote and moyst. Of the which is noted thrée kindes of fleshes: that is to say, one is soft 〈◊〉〈◊〉 pure flesh: the second is muskulus, or hard & brawny flesh: the third is glandulus, knotty, or kurnelly flesh. Also the commodities of the flesh be indifferent, for some be common to euery kind of flesh, and some be proper to one manner of flesh alone.

The profites of the flesh be many, for some defend the body from colde as doth clothes: also it defendeth the body from harde thinges comming against it: also through his moy∣sture he rectifieth the body in sommer, in time of great heate. Wherefore it is to be considered what profitable∣nesse is in euery kind of fl•…•…sh by himselfe. And first of sim∣ple and pure flesh, which fulfilleth the concauities of voyde places, and causeth good forme and shape: and this flesh is founde betwéene the téeth, and on the end of the yard. The profite of the Brawny flesh or muskulus flesh, shall be spo∣ken of in the Anatomie of the armes. The profits of the Glandulus flesh are these: First, that it turneth the bloud into a cullour like to himselfe, as doth the fleshe of a wo∣mans paps turne the menstruall bloud into milke: second∣ly, the Glandulus flesh of the Testikles, turneth the bloud into sparme: thirdly, the Glandulus flesh of the chéekes, that ingendreth the spittle. &c.

The next is of Fatnes, of the which I find thrée kinds: The first is Pinguedo, and it is a consimilar member, not spermatike, and it is made of a subtill portion of bloud congeled by colde: and it is of complexion colde and moyst, insensible, and is intermedled amongest the partes of the flesh. The seconde is Adeppes, and is of the same kinde as is Pinguedo, but it is departed from the flesh besydes the skinne, and it is as an oyle heating and moysting the skinne. The third is Auxingia, and it is of kinde as the others be, but he is departed from the flesh within foorth about the kidneys, and in the intrayles, and it helpeth both the kidneys and the intrayles from drying by his vnctio∣sitie. &c.

Then come we to the skinne. The Skinne is a consi∣mile member or officiall, partly spermatike, strong and tough, flexible and sensible, thinne and temperate, Wher∣of there be two kindes: One is the Skinne that couereth

the •…•…utward members: and the other the inner members, which is called a Pannicle, the profitablenesse of whom was spoken of in the last Lesson: But the Skinne is pro∣perly wouen of Thréedes, Nerues, Ueynes, and Arteirs. And he is made 〈◊〉〈◊〉, because he should be a good dée∣mer of heate from colde, and of moystnesse from drynesse, that there should nothing noy nor hurt the body, but it gi∣ueth warning to the common wits thereof. &c.

The Hayres of euery part of mans body are but a super∣fluitie of members, made of the grosse fume or smoke pas∣sing out of the viscoues matter, thickned to the forme of hayre. The profitablenesse of him is declared in the Ana∣tomie of the head. &c.

The Nailes likewise are a superfluitie of members, en∣gendred of great earthly smoke or fume resolued through the naturall heate of humours, and is softer then the Bone, and harder then the Flesh. In complexion they be cold and dry, and are always waxing in the extremitie of the fingers and toes. The vtilitie of them are, that by them a man shall take the better holde: also they helpe to clawe the bo∣die when it néedeth: Lastly, they helpe to deuide things for lacke of other tooles, &c.