The historie of foure-footed beastes Describing the true and liuely figure of euery beast, with a discourse of their seuerall names, conditions, kindes, vertues (both naturall and medicinall) countries of their breed, their loue and hate to mankinde, and the wonderfull worke of God in their creation, preseruation, and destruction. Necessary for all diuines and students, because the story of euery beast is amplified with narrations out of Scriptures, fathers, phylosophers, physitians, and poets: wherein are declared diuers hyerogliphicks, emblems, epigrams, and other good histories, collected out of all the volumes of Conradus Gesner, and all other writers to this present day. By Edward Topsell.

OF THE KYD.

[ 20] HAuing formerly discoursed of seuerall kindes of Goates, now it fol∣loweth that we should also intreat of the Kid which is the yssue of a Goat; and first of the seuerall names therof. It is called in Haebrew Egedi, which because it signifieth also a Lambe, they put vnto it Haissim, and the plurall masculine is Gedaijm, and the feminine Gedi∣oth, Gen. 35. where the Caldean translation hath Gadeia, the Persian Bus-kahale, or else Cahali busan; for the Persians render Cahale for Sheter, in Haebrew Busan, for Issim. The Septuagints render Erifon, and vulgarly at this day, the Grecians cal him Eriphoi, but the truth is, that Eriphoi are kids of three or foure months old, and after that time vntill their procreation, they are called Chimaroi, [ 30] the Latines cal him Hoedi ab edendo, from eating (as Isidorus saith) for then their flesh is tender and fat, and the tast therof pleasant. The Italians call it Cauretto, or Capret∣to, and Ciauerello; the Rhetians which speak Italian, Vlzol: the Spaniardes Cabrito, the French Chereru, the Germans Gitse, or Kitslain, the Polonians Koziel.

It was a question whether nature would finish her parts vpon a young one out of the dams belly, wherefore a triall was made vpon a kid which neuer saw his dam, for vpon a season a dissexion was made vpon a Female-goate great with young, and out of her belly was her young one taken aliue, so as it could neuer see the mother; the same kid was put into a house where were many boales full of wine, oyle, milke, and Hony, and other ly∣quid thinges: there also lay beside him diuers kindes of fruits, both of the vine, of corne, [ 40] and of plants; at last this kid was seene to arise and stand vpon his feete, and as if somebo∣dy had told him that his Legges were made to walke vpon, he shooke off all that moist∣nesse which he brought with him out of his mothers belly, afterwardes he scratched his side with his foote, and then went and smelled at all the former vessels, and at last comming to the milke-boule, he supped and licked thereof, which when the behoulders saw, they all cryed out that Hipocrates rule was most true, Animalium naturas esse indoctas, that is to say, the natures of creatures are not formed by Art, but of their owne inclination.

There is nothing more wanton then a Kid, whereupon Ouid made this verse:

Splendidior vitro tenero lasciuior hoedo.

They often iumpe and leape among themselues, and then they promise faire weather, but [ 50] if they keep continually with the flocks and depart not from their mothers, or continually sucke and licke vp their meat: also they for-shew a storm, and therfore they must be gathe∣red to their folds, according to the Poets saying; si sine fine modoque:

Pabula delbent cum tutas vesper adire Compellat caulas monstrabunt ad fore nimbos.

If Geese swallow the haires of Kids or Goats they die thereof Kids are not to be separated from their Dammes, or weaned till they be three months old, at which time they may be ioyned to the flockes: they are nourished when they are young after the same manner as they be at a year old, except that they must be more narrowly looked vnto, least their las∣ciuiousnesse ouerthrow their age: and besides their Milk, you must giue vnto them three leaued-grasse, Iuy, and the toppes of lentiles tender leaues, or small twigges of trees: and whereas commonly they are brought forth in twinnes, it is best, to choose out the strong∣est headed kid for the flock, and to sel the other away to the Butchers. Out of the rennet of the Calues or Kids is the Coagulation. [ 10]

There was a certaine law (as appeareth by Baifyus) in the bookes of the ciuill Lawyers, that shooes should be made of the skinnes of Kids, as appeared by auncient Marble mo∣numents at Rome, which thing Martiall approueth in his verses to Phebus; shewing how time altereth al things and that the skins of kids which were wont to couer bald heads, are not put vpon bare legs; the verses are these that follow,

Oedina tibi pelle Contegenti Nudae tempore verticemque caluae Fefliue tibi phebe dixit ille Qui dixit c••put esse calciatum.

Out of the hide of a Kid is made good glue, and in the time of Cicero they stuffed beddes with Kids haire: their flesh hath been much esteemed for delicate meat; & for that cause [ 20] dressed and trimmed sundry waies; the best Kids for meate haue been said to come from Melos, or Vmbratia, or Viburtinum, which neuer tasted grasse, but haue more milke in them then blood; according to the saying of Iuuenall:

De viburtino veniet pinguissimus agro Hoedulus & toto grege mollior nescius herbae H••c dum ausus virgas humilis mordere falicti.

For this cause they may safely be eaten all the yeare long while they sucke, both of men of temperate and whot constitution, for they are lesse hurtfull then the Rammes, and doe easily disgest, and nourish temperately, for they engender thinne and moyst blood, and al∣so helpe all whot and temperate bodies, and they are at the best when as they are [ 30] neither too olde, that is aboue sixe monthes, nor two younge, that is vnder two monethes.

The red or sandy coloured are the best, yet is their flesh hurtfull to the Collicke. Si∣meon Sethi affirmeth, that if a man eate a kids liuer before he drinke in the morning, he shal not be ouer drunke that day. Celtus also prescribeth it in the sickenesse of the Holy-fire. They are wholesome, sod, roasted, or baked, but the ribs are best sodde. Platina teacheth one way whereby it was dressed in his time for a delicate dishe; they tooke some fielde Herbes and fat broath, twoe Whites of an Egge well beaten together, with twoo heades of Garlike, a little Saffron, and a little Pepper, with the Kiddes flesh, put all together into a dish rosted before at the fire, vpon a spitte (with Parsely, Rosemary, and Lawrel leaues) [ 40] and so serud out with that sauce, and set it on the table: but if they did not eate it before it was colde, it weakened the eye••sight, and raised vp venerial lust.

The bloode also of a Kid was made into a bludding, and giuen to be eaten of them which haue the bloody-flixe. They haue also deuised to dresse a Kidde whot, and to fill his belly with Spices and other good things: likewise it is sod in Milke with Lawrell, with diuers other fashions, which euery Cooke is able to practise without the knowledge of learning.

And thus I might conclude the discourse of Kiddes with a remembraunce of their constellation in the Waggoner, vppon the Bulles Horne, which the Poets ob∣serue for signes and tokens foreshewing Rayn and Clowdy weather, according to Virgils [ 50] verse:

Quantus ab occasu veniens pluuialibus, Hoedi.

These Starres rise in the Euening about the Nones of October and in December, they were wont to sacrifice a kid with wine to Faunus. There is a byrd called Captilus which is a great deuourer of kiddes and Lambes, and the same also is hunted by a Dragon, for when

she hath filled hir selfe with these beastes, being wearied and idle, the Dragon doth easily set vpon hir and ouer take her. Also when they fish for the Worm seuen Cubits long in the Riuer Indus, they bait their hooke with a lambe or Kid, as is reported by Aelianus; and the auncientes were wont by inspection into the intrals of Kiddes, to declare or search into thinges to come, as Gyraldus amongst other their superstitious vanities rehear∣seth.

The manifold medicinall properties of Goates come now in the end of this story to be declared, and first of all it is to bee noted, that these properties are seuerall, both in the Male, female, and Kidde; and therefore they are not to be confounded, but as the dely∣gence [ 10] of learned Authors hath inuented, and left them seuerally recorded, so they re∣quire at our hands which are the heyres of such benificiall helpes, the same care and need∣full curtisie.

There are some which doe continually nourish Goates in stables neere their dwelling Houses with an opinion that they help to continue them in health, for the ancientes or∣dained that a man which had beene bitten or stroke by Serpents, and could not easily be cured thereof, should bee lodged in a Goates stable. The haires of a Goate-bucke bur∣ned and perfumed in the presence or vnder a man whose genitall is decayed it cureth him.

The poulder of a Wine bottell made of a Goates skinne with a little Rozen doeth not onely stanch the bloode of a greene-wounde, but also cure the same. The powder of the [ 20] Horne with Nitre and Tamariske seede, butter, and Oyle▪ after the head is shauen by an∣nointing it therewith strengthneth the haire from falling off, when it groweth againe and cureth the Alopecia, and a horne burnt to powder and mingled with meale, cureth the chippings in the head and the scabs: for taking away the smell of the arme-pits, they take the Horne of an old Goat and either scrape or burne the same, then adde they to it a like quantity of Mirrhe, the Goates gall, and first scrape or shaue off the haire, and afterward rub them therewith euery day and they are cured by that perfrication.

The bloud fryed in a panne, and afterwardes drunke with Wine, is a preseruatiue a∣gainst intoxications, and cureth the bloody-flixe, and the bloode in a Seare-cloath is ap∣plyed against the goute, and clenseth away all Leprosies, and if the bloode come forth of [ 30] the Nose without stay, then rubbe the Nose with this bloud of a Goate. It being fitted to meate cureth all the paines of the inward partes: being sodde vppon coales stayeth the loosenesse of the belly, and the same applyed to the belly mixed with fine flower, and Rozen easeth the paine in the small guts; the same mixed with the marrow of a Goate which hath beene fed with Lentiles cureth the Dropsie, and being drunke alone breaketh the stone in the reines, and with Parsly drunke in Wine also dissolueth the stone in the bladder, and preuenteth all such calculating grauell in time to come.

There is a Medicine called by the Apothecaryes Diuina manus, Gods hand, against the stone, and they make it in this manner. When Grapes begin to waxe ripe, they take a new earthen pot and poure into it Water, and seeth the same till all the scumme or earthy sub∣stance [ 40] thereof be eiected: & the same pot clensed, then take out of the flock a Male Goat of foure year old, or thereabouts, and receiue his blood as it runneth forth of his slaugh∣tered body into that pot, so as you let goe the first and last streame thereof to the ground and saue the residue: then let it thicken in the pot, and so being therein congealed, break it into many pieces with a reede, and then couering it with some linnen cloth, and set it a∣broad in the day time where it may gather dew, and then the next day set it abroad in the Sunne againe to exhale the same dew, (if in the meane time there fall no raine) then let it dry, and afterward make thereof a powder, and preserue it in a boxe, and when the euill pincheth, vse a spoonefull of it with Wine of Creete, and Philagrius commendeth the ma∣nifold benefit heereof, for he had often tryed it, and with a medicine made of an Affrican Sparrow mixed with this, he procured one to make water, and to void a great stone which [ 50] had not vented his vrine in many daies, and liued in the meane time in horrible paynes, and the same vertue is attrybuted heereunto, if it bee annointed neere the bladder, and

one be bathed in the warme aire and so oftentimes both the bath and the ointment be re∣iterated. Marcellus teacheth how one may make tryall of the vertue of this blood, for if he take a Male-goate, and put him vp close seuen daies, feeding him in the meane time continually with baies, and afterward cause a young Boy to kil him, and receiue his bloud in a bladder, and put in the said bladder sandy stones like vnto those that are engendered in the bladder of man, within short time he shall see those stones dissolued and scarce to be found in the bladder of blood, by which he confidently affirmeth, that nothing in the World is of like power to remooue the stone, but withal he willeth some superstitious ob∣seruations, as namely that he be killed by a chast person: and on a thursday or sunday or such like: but the conclusion is that the saide blood must bee dryed to powder in an Ouen, [ 10] and afterward prescribeth that three ounces heereof, one ounce of Time, one ounce of Peniroyall, three ounces of burned Polypus, one ounce of white Pepper, one ounce of Apian, and one ounce of Loueage-seede to be giuen to the party in sweet wine fasting, and hauing no meat in his stomack vndigested, and hauing digested the medicine he must eat presently.

And therefore if it be true as all antiquity and experience approueth, that the Goates blood breaketh and dissolueth the Adamant stone, then much more (saith Iacobus Siluius) may it worke vppon the stone in a mans bladder. The flesh of Goats decocted in Water, take away all bunches and kernels in the body. The fat of this beast is more moysT then a females or a kids, and therefore it is most strong in operation, to scatter, dissolue, and re∣solue [ 20] more then a sheep.

It cureth all fissures in the lippes mixed with Goose-greace, Rozen, Pitch, and the marrow of a Hart. Also if one be troubled with swellings in his Temples or in his Legges, let him vse of this sewet halfe a pound, and a pound of Capons-greace mixed therewith, and spreading it vpon a cloth like a seare-cloth, let him apply it to the sore and it shall help mightily.

Also when the necke of an Oxe swelleth, it hath been prooued for a golden remedy, to take and annoint it with Goates-greace, liquid Pitch, the marrowe of a Bugle or Oxe, and olde Oyle, and may as well be called Tetrapharmacum, as that of Galen made of Wax, Rozen, Pitch, and Goates-sewet. Also if the blood be fallen into Oxens Legges, it must [ 30] be let forth, or else it will breed the mange; and therefore first of all the place must be cut with a knife, and then rubbed with clouts wet in salt and oile, and last of all annointed with old sewet and Goats-greace.

Two ounces of this Goates-greace and a pinte of greene Oyle mixed together, and melted in a potte, and infused into one that hath the bloody-flixe, cureth him speedily: when the whot dung or fime of a Goate is mixed with Saffron and applyed to the gouty members Hydropicke, it worketh vpon them a strange cure: and some ad heerunto the stalks of Iuy beaten, Mustard-seed, and the flower of wilde Cucumber.

The Lyuer of this beast layed vppon a man that hath beene bitten by a mad Dogge, causeth him neuer to be afrayd of Water: the same being sodde, yealdeth a certaine ly∣quor, [ 40] and sore eyes being annointed with that liquor, within twelue times recouer; and drunke in sharpe Wine, and layed to the Nauell, stayeth the fluxe; also sod in Wine no scumme or froth being taken off from it, but permitted to ioine with it, helpeth the bloo∣dy-flixe.

The entralles of a Goate eaten are profitable against the falling sicknesse. The Gall killeth the Leprosie, al swellings and Botches in such bodyes, and being mingled with Cheese, Quicksiluer, and powder of sponge, and made as thicke as hony, taketh away the spots and burles in the face.

It also rooteth out and consumeth dead flesh in a wound, and also mingled with bran [ 50]

and the vrine of a Bull, cureth the scurffe in the head. Actius also teacheth women how to conceiue with childe, if she dip a purple cloth in Goats-blood, and apply it to her Nauell seuen daies, and afterwarde lie with a man in the prime and encrease of the Moone: the gall of a wilde Goat is commended priuately, for the helpe of them that are purblind, and for all whitenes and vlcers in the eies; and when the haires which trouble the eyes be pulled vp, if the place be anoynted with the gall of goates, the haire will neuer growe any more.

The melt being sod, helpeth the Flix, and the Spleene taken hot out out of the beastes belly, and applied to the Spleene of a man, doeth within short time ease it of all paine, if [ 10] afterward it be hanged vppe in any fume or smoake to be dryed. Albertus and Rasis say, that if a man eat two Goats stones, and presently lye with his wife, she shall bring foorth a male childe, but if he eate but one, then shall the child haue but one stone. The fyme de∣cocted with Honny, and layed to vlcers and swellinges, dissolueth or draweth them, and mingled with Vineger, is most profitably vsed to take away blacke spottes in the face.

And if hee which is sicke of the falling euill doe eate thereof fifteene pilles, or little Balles, it shall procure vnto him much ease. If it bee mingled with Mouse-dunge, toa∣sted at the fire and sprinkled with Honney, and so annointed vppon balde places, where you woulde haue the hayre to growe againe, and mingled with Vineger wherein a [ 20] sea-onion hath bin st••eped, and bound to the forehead or temples, asswageth the pain of the brain-pan.

The pastorall Carthaginians, to the intent that the humour flowing out at their Chil∣drens noses, may neuer hurt them, burne a vaine in the crowne of the head with Wooll, when they are foure yeare old, and thereby they conceiue that they are kept and conser∣ued in perpetuall good health: and if when they burne their children, they fell into a crampe, they eased them presently by casting vppon them the vrine of goates. When a man is thicke of hearing, mingle together the gall of an Oxe, and the vrine of a Goate, and infused into the eares, although there bee in them a verye mattery sub∣stance.

[ 30] Galen prescribeth this potion to euacuate that Water which lyeth betwixt the skinne by Vrine, if one drinke Hysope Water and the vrine of a goat: Likewise it helpeth the Dropsie, and the duste of an Elephauntes tooth drunke in this goates Vrine, it dissolueth the stone in the reynes and bladder, without all fearefull perill and daun∣ger.

The medicines arising out of the female goat are these, we find that the Female-goat, and the land toad being sodden together, are cures of singular woorth for the diseases of all liuing foure-footed-beasts. The (Magi) or wisemen say, that the right eie of a greene liuing Lizard, being taken out and his hedforthwith strok off and put in a goats skin is of a great force against quartan Agues. The ashes of a goats hide besmeared ouer with oile, taketh away the spots in the face. The same ashes made of a goates hide, recouereth the [ 40] blisters and gals of the feet. The shauiug of the Goates skinne, being rubbed with pum∣micestone, and mixed with Vineger, is an excellent approued good remedy for the smal pox

If a woman bleed ouermuch at the nose, let her breasts be bound with a thong made of a goats skinne. The same being sodden with the haire on it, the iuyce being soked vppe, staieth the belly. It is not good for those that haue the falling sicknesse to sleepe or lie in a goates skinne, if at any time the passion mooueth them to it; yet it is hurt∣full for their heade, by reason of the ranke smell, and not for any other particuler priuat cause.

[ 50] Goats haires being burnt, do appease all yssues of blood, which being mixed with Vineger they are good to staunch the bleeding at nose, and you may blow in their nostrils goats haires burnt and whole, and also myrrhe mixed with goats haires so burnt. The same also burned and mingled with pitch and Vineger, helpeth the bleeding at nose, and being put in the nose they stir vp lethargies.

The sauor of the Goats horne or of the haire doth the like, Goats dung in sweet water▪ doth expell the stone in the body, so doth the ashes of Goats haire in like mane••, which being burned and brused, and giuen in a medicine, they doe mightily helpe and recouer the strangury. It is also reported that Goats horne and the haires being burnt, will driue away Serpents: and their ashes soked or annoynted, is very good against strokes or sti••∣ging of Serpents.

To stay the flux in the belly, take the hairs that grow behind on the Goats sitting place, and burne them, which being tempered with beaten Barly and oile, must be perfumed vn∣der a mans seat.

Goats flesh being rosted by the fire where dead men are burnt, is good for those that [ 10] haue the falling sicknes. The same is a good remedie against the falling sicknes. It is good for such to absteine from Hogs flesh, beefe, or Goats flesh. They that drinke goats blood wax pale presently on it, which is excellent to get out spots of any thing: it also very good against those that are intoxicat with poyson, and therefore must be drunk with wine; and being sod with marrow, it is good against the same disease, so is the male-Goates blood. The roote of sinke-foyle drunke in wine, helpeth il humors. Goats blood also, either of the male or of the female, aswageth the inwards and the flowings or laskes of the belly: it is good for those that haue the Dropsie, being tempered with honye, and also sodden with marrow.

Some vse it against the bloodie Flix and paine of the belly, being also sodden with mar∣row, [ 20] it is good against the same disease. If you mix Goats blood with chisel sleept in broth and a little Rosin put into it, whereof make a plaister and lay it to the belly or other parts, and it recouereth any paine thereabouts.

The fat of the male Goat is more faster, and therfore good for those that haue the bloo∣dy flix. The substance of a Goat is fat, yet is not the fat of a Goat so moist as a swines, but for bitings, & those that are grieued in their bellie goats fat is better then swines, not be∣cause it hath more operation in it to expell the greefe, but by reason it is thicke, whereas the Swines greace will run about like oyle: neither is the fat of Kyds so warme and dry as female-Goats, neither the male-Goats so fat as the gelded Goats, in Latin called (Hircus) also female-Goats fat is more binding then the ••allow of Oxen, but the males fat is good [ 30] against Scorpions made in a perfume. It is also good for those that are poysoned with French green flyes called (Cantharides.) Being tempered with wax is taketh away the stin∣ging of Serpents, it helpeth any biting or wound: If a womans breast grieue her after her deliuery of child, let her seeth husked Barley and scallions, and the fat of a male-Goate, whereof let her drinke a little. Against the ach of the eies, take Goats fat and sheeps togi∣ther, with a little warme water.

Almost euerie greef of the body if it be no woūd, wil be more easily recouerd by plaisters, but if the greefe be as it were grounded, (or an old greefe) let it be burned, and vpon the place so scorched, put Butter or the fat of a male-Goat, it will also recouer and heal kibes and Chilblanes. It helpeth the kings euill, so doeth the fat of the female-Goates helpe the [ 40] same disease. The males fat mixed with Arsenicke, taketh away the roughnes of the nails: it also healeth the nailes of the Leprosie without any paine: it expelleth the Cartharid••ns being applyed with the iuyce of the grape that groweth on a wilde Vine. This goates fat is profitable to helpe any about the straightnes of their mouths or lips, being tempred with wax it allaieth sores and blisters, and with pitch and Brimstone it healeth them, and being applied with hony and the iuyce of a brambell, it cureth the swellings arising in the hands or fingers, especially in curing of fellons.

The fat of a Bull well salted, or if it be in an ach or griefe, dipt it in oile without salt, and so after the same manner is the Male-goats fat vsed, which being tempered with roses, ta∣keth away the wheales or blisters that riseth in the night, being also dropped into the ears [ 50] of one that is deafe, it recouereth him.

It helpeth the falling sicknes, putting thereto as much of the gal of Buls, iust of the same weight, and seeth it together, and then laie it in the skinne of the gall that it touch not the ground, and drinke it out of the water. It is also good against the stinging of Scorpions being applied with Butter and the meale of (Zea) warmed and washed with red Wine.

The broath that is confected of Goats fat sodden, is excellent for those that are trou∣bled with the Pthisicke, to sup now and then a fewe, also it helpeth the cough being tem∣pered with new sweet wine, that an ounce may be put in a goblet & so mixed with a branch of Rue. It being also sodden with husked barly, easeth those that haue fretting in the guts.

The same also sodden with barley flower and wine made of pomegranates and Cheese, let it be giuen to those that are troubled with the bloody flixe, and let them take it with the iuyce of husked barly.

Rasis also saith, that the fat of a fierce Lyon is of such singular account, that if a gly∣ster [ 10] be made of it, with the water of barly sod, either with the water of tosted meale, and boyled Sunach, and so dissolued with waxe, it is a most pretious remedy for the swelling of the inwards. But Goats fat doth much help the griefes of the inward parts that nothing commeth forth but cold water. The fat of the Buck-goat many vse (being sod with bread and ashes) against the bloody flixe, and also the she-goates fat being taken out of her back alone being a little cold, and then supped vp: Other allow the fat to be sodden with Bar∣ly flower, Cinnamon, annise, and vineger mixed together. The same fat taken so out of the backe mixed with barly bran, and Cinnamon, annise, and vineger, of each of them a∣like, and seeth thereof, and being strained giue it the patient that is diseased with the bloo∣dy flixe, and it shall most speedily help him.

[ 20] The same also mixed with Pellitory and Ciprian Waxe, may be laide to the gowte. Also sodden with Goates Dunge and Saffron, and layed on the gout it asswageth the griefe.

The marrow of the Female-goate, in the forth place next after the marrow of the Hart, the Calfe, and the Bull is commended of Dioscorides, but the last of all is the sheeps fat. The Harts is most renowned of all, next the Calues, then the Buck-goats, and last of all the Female-goats. To help the griefe of eies. Take the marrow of Goats, and annoynt your eies, and it will cure them. Goates blood sodde with marrow may be taken against all toxicall poyson.

Pliny saith, that theyr dung being annointed with Hony, is good for the watering or dropping of the eyes, and their marrow against aches. The blood of Goates, their mar∣row, [ 30] and their Liuer, is very good to ease the belly. Goates blood sodden with the mar∣row helpeth the blody flix, and those that haue the dropsie, and yet I think that the bucks is more effectual and of greater operation so it be eaten with mastick. Also the goats mar∣row is good for the eies of Horses.

The right Horne of a Goat is of some held to be of more effect then the other, which I rather hold to be superstitious, whatsoeuer other reason or secret quality the Horne may afford for the bitings of Serpents, take Goates horne and burne the haires of them, and the ashes of them soked in Water, and Goates Milke with the horne, and wilde Mar∣gerom, and three cups of wine put together, and being drunk against the stinging of an ad∣der expelleth the poison.

[ 40] The ashes of Goates horne being all annointed with Oyle, tempered with Mirtle, stayeth the sweating of the body. Harts horne and Goats being burned and (if it be requi∣site) is good to wash the teeth withall, and it will make them looke white, and the gums soft. It is also good against the bloody-flixe, and watering of the eyes in regard they are most vsuall.

Yet they neither asswage the griefes nor consume them, which are of a could and dry nature. Harts horne being burnt as also a Goates horne, taketh away bitings. Goates dung or the horne being burnt to ashes, and dipped in vineger, stoppeth the blood. The corrupt blood that commeth out of the Lyuer of a Bucke-Goate is more effectuall and of a better operation, and the ashes of a Goates horne or dung soked in Wine or vineger [ 50] and annoint the Nostrils, stayeth bleeding at the Nose. Goates Horne being burned at the end, and the pieces or scorchinges that rise thereof, must be shaken into a new ves∣sell vntill the horne be quite consumed, then beate and bruise them with vineger made of Sea-onyons, and anoint the euill called Saint Anthonies fire, and it is of a miraculous operation.

It will make one sleepe that is troubled with the weakenesse of his head and watching, if it be layed vnder their pillow. It being mixed with bran and oyle of mirtle, it keepeth the haires fast that are falling off the head. The sauour of the Horne burned descrieth the falling sicknes, so doth the smell of the intrals of a Goat or the liuer eaten: likewise it raiseth vp a lethargick man. They vse also the hornes of Harts and Goats to make white the teeth and to fasten the gums. The same shorne or shauen into mixt Hony, represseth the fluxe of the belly: In the paine of the belly perfume the shauings of the same, mingled with oile & burned barly, the same perfume is good to be laid vpon the vlcers of horses. The hoofes of Goats are prescribed by Palladius to be burned for the driuing away of Serpentes, and the dust of them put into vineger cureth the Alopecias. The dust of their hoofes is good to [ 10] rub the teeth withall, also to driue away the swellings in the disease called S. Anthonies fire. Burne the foote of the Goate with the horne, and reserue the dust thereof in a boxe, and when you will vse it wette the place, first with Wine, and afterwardes cast on the pow∣der.

The iuyce of a goates head sod with haire, is commended for burstnesse in the belly, and the ancient Magicians gaue the braine of the goats to little infants against the falling sicknesse, but pressed through a golde ring, the same cureth carbunckles in the belly be∣ing taken with Hony.

If the body or head bee rubbed with that Water or meate which falleth out of the mouth of a goate, mingled with hony and salt they kill all kinde of Lice, and the same [ 20] thing giueth remedy to the paine of the belly, but if it be taken ouermuch it purgeth. The broath of the entrals to be gargarized in the mouth, cureth the exulceration of the toung and arteries.

The Lyuer of the Female-goate sodde and eaten is giuen against the falling euill, and taketh from the conuulsion, and with the liquor thereof, after it is sod it is good to annoint the pur-blinde eies, also it is good to holde the eyes open ouer it while it seetheth, and to receiue into them the fume, and the reason heerof is because that goats see as perfectly in the night as in the day time, and therefore Celsus saith, that this medi∣cine is most agreeable to them that cannot see at all in the night, as it hapneth to women whose monethly courses are stopped, and then it is good for them to annoint theyr eies [ 30] with the blood of a Goate, and eate the liuer sod or rosted. The pouder of the liuer burnd, purged and drunke in wine, cureth the collicke.

If a woman in trauell or with childe be swollen vp, let her take a Goats liuer rowled in warme ashes, and let her eat it in foure daies, and drinke old wine thereunto, so shall she be deliuered. The gall is contrary to all poysoned Witch-craft made vppon the rusticke Weasill, and if the Kings euill be dayly touched therewith at the beginning, it will keepe it from ouer-spreading, and with beaten Alum it disperseth scabs: The old Magicians wer wont to say, that when a man rubbed his eies when he lay down, and put it vnderneath his pillow, he should sleepe soundly, it driueth away scabbes in the head if it be mingled with fullers chaulke, so as the haires may dry alittle, and the same with Honey helpeth the eies, [ 40] according to the saying of Serenus:

Hybt aei mellis succi cum felle caprino Subueniunt oculis dira caligine pressis.

The Physitians in application heereof to the cure of eyes take many ways, and mix it with other drugs, as when they giue it against whitenesse in the eyes with Hellebore, againste wounds and pin and webs with wine, and against the broken tunicles with a womans milk, and therefore Rasis and Albertus do iustly call the gal of a goat an eie-salue, and also bee∣ing instilled into the eares when they are ful of paine, it cureth them, first mingling it with [ 50] a scruple of Hony in an earthen sheard, and so infusing it into the eare, and shutting it in with a little wooll.

Also all the paines in the eares are cured by the stalkes or iuyce of leekes, gall of Goats, and sweete water; and if there be any rupture in the eare then vse therewith a Womans milke, or warme oyle of roses: likewise against the cankers in the gums, and the Squinan∣cy it is profitable to vse it with Hony. For all tumors or swellings in the necke, take equall quantities of this gal, of Goose-grease, and the yolke of an Egge, and these being all ming∣led together let the offended place be rubbed therewith.

The same with the iuyce of Cyclamyne and a litle alum looseneth the belly, and Wool be∣ing well dipped therein and bound to the Nauell of the belly, expelleth the worms, it cu∣reth the faults in the seat by anointment, it hath also another vertue in it expressed by the [ 10] Poet in this verse;

Languidus antiquo purgatur penis Iaccho. Ac super illi nitur foecundae felle capellae.

The melt sod cureth the bloody-flixe, and the bladder burnt and giuen in posset drinke is good for them that cānot containe vrine in their sleepe, & the secunds of a female goat being drunk in wine of women after their deliuery, eiecteth & casteth forth their secunds also. The milke is many waies auaileable, for Demcerates the Physitian in the recouery of Confidia the daughter of Seruilius which had beene Consull, vsed the milke of Goats along [ 20] season which he fed with Lentiles: sea-crabs mixed with this milke, expelleth poyson, and the first milke of a Goat which is milked from her after the weaning of the Kid drunke by him that hath a quartane ague, easeth the fits thereof. And some of the ancient Phisitians gaue as much dunge of swallowes as will lie vpon three groats, mixed with this milke a∣gainst a quartane Ague, and when young lambes were sicke, the shepherds cured them by infusing into their chaps the milke of goates: the powder of Betony drunke out of Goates milke stayeth bleeding.

The holy fire is a disease of sheepe almost incurable, because if any remedy doe but touch them, they fall mad: but they onely in this Malady admit for the recreation or re∣medy goats milke. The roote of the greater Siler decocted in Goats milke; cureth those cold vstions in the flesh or belly, when the place looketh blacke or looseth sence: and [ 30] Aesculapius taught his followers and patients to drinke it against the ytche, or any biting, and if at any time there be any straine in any member of the body, so that the Article seemeth to decline and loose his former strength and humour, it is recouered againe by binding vnto it lyne-seede sod in Goates milke. Funerius aduiseth to wash the face there∣with that the beauty of it may be more splendant. Take seuen Sea-crabs and being beaten to powder mingle them with one pinte of Goates milke and a cup of Oyle, and so straine them diligently, and infuse them into a Horsses mouth which is sicke of the headache and it shal cure him.

The milke also by the counsell of Philistion with the iuyce of Cabages, Salt, and Ho∣ny, is giuen against the shortnesse of breath, and if the right eie of a Chamaelion be pulled [ 40] out of her aliue, and put into Goats milke, and applyed to the eyes, it cureth the whitnesse of the eies.

The fat of a Bull mixed with this milke and infused into the eares, cureth their mattery euils, and causeth them to heare more assuredly and fiermely. The gummes of children annoynted therewith, causeth their teeth to come forth with lesse paine, and it fasteneth the loose teeth by often rubbing: the corners in the throat, and the arteries are deliuered from exulcerations by gargarizing this milke, either warmed at the fire, or else as it com∣meth forth of the vdder.

The seede of Cresses decocted in this milke and drunke, easeth the paines in the sto∣mach, and also purgeth being mixed with salt and Hony. Marcellus prescribeth this ex∣cellent [ 50] purgation which shall neuer make the party sicke, that is a pinte of Goates milke, two ounces of salt Ammoniacke and one ounce of the best Mecis, beate them altogether and giue them to the patient fasting, and so let him walke a good while till the mdicine be wrought in his body, and if a woman be with child and oppressed with headache or haue an Ague, she may safely take this milke sod with Hony.

The Physitians make a speciall drinke of this milke, which they cal Schiston; it is sod in a new earthen pot, and hath put into it the branches of a fig-tree, and so many cuppes of sweet water, as there were pintes of milke, and when it boyleth, keepe it from seething o∣uer, by putting into it a siluer vessell with colde water, and being taken from the fire, de∣uide it into many vessels till it be cold, so the whay wil part from the milke: and some take the whay and seeth it againe till the third part be onely left, and afterward set it abroad in the Sunne to coole, and this may be safely drunke fiue dayes together (euery day a pint) at fiue seueral times, against the falling euil, melancholy, palsies in Leprosies, gowtes or paines in the Articles, and the sicknesse of the liuer, which is like to a plereusie. Or let him drinke the Goats milke, the third part thereof mingled with hony (as Hippocrates prescri∣beth) [ 10] or with the seed of Mathrum (as Serenus counselleth) in this verse:

—Stomacho medentur Semina Mathrifactae cum lacte capella.

A draught of Goats milke sodden with mallowes, and a little salt put to it, represseth the gripings of the belly, and if you put a little rennet vnto it, it wil be more profitable. Goats milk tempered with rennet, before it be altogether strained, while it is warme, it must be [ 20] giuen to those that haue the bloodie flix to drinke, and it will helpe them presently: put also to a good potion of sweet Wine mingled with goates milke, and a little rennet of a kid (as much as a nut kernell is) which being tempred with the hand, let it be giuen to the patient, laboring with the bloody flix, before it be strained, for the space of three daies. Let this drinke be giuen one that is fasting about the time he riseth, and being boyled, put sufficient Barly flower to it, and being in like manner like pap or pottage, you must giue it to the patient to drinke for the same disease.

Goats milke being sodden halfe away, may be giuen to those that haue the bloody flix. If they that be troubled with fretting of the guts, and the flix, are weakened by reason of their often going to the stoole.

The broath of a fat Henne sod with Butter or goats milke, or Sheepes, warmed by it [ 30] selfe, or else sod with Butter, is very good to be giuen vnto them. Take three ounces of Amylum, being a kind of meat, three moneths olde, into as much goats milke sod as you shall thinke fit, and so giue it the patient by svppository meanes for the bloody Flix. Ox∣en, Sheepes, or goats milke, staieth the exulcerations and flowings of the belly, so it bee sod on the coales, after the vse of glisters, if a mans secret inwards do abound with filth, but if not after the foments be laid to the roots and stocke of the yard, fresh goates milke must be applied about the measure Hemian and no lesse, but it must not be done altoge∣ther but a part. The next day let the milke seeth til the one halfe be diminished, still taking away that which is vpermost (I meane the skinne or froth that gathereth in setling) and so [ 40] vse it.

For the risings and flowings of the belly and the flix, it is very good to get cows milke or Goats, as is before mentioned of the Cow. Panicke being sod in goates milke, helpeth the belly, being taken twice a day, and so it is good for the fretting of the guts. Old bread tempered with goates milke, being giuen those that haue the fluxe in their belly twice a day, in manner of supping, it is a present helpe.

The iuyce of planted pease, soked with goats milke, helpeth the lask of the belly. The melt is good with goates milke, after one hath fasted two daies, let him drinke goats milke, that are fedde with Iuy, without any other kinde of meate, for three daies to∣gither. [ 50]

They that are troubled with the paine of the melt the best remedy is this: let milche goats be kept fasting three daies, and in the thirde day let him eate Iuie onely, and let them bee milked before they drinke, and let the fasting patient greeued about his melt, take three sextaries Warme of that milke, so soone as she is milked, and so

let him drinke it the space of three daies, during which time he shall not eat nor drinke a∣ny other meate, and it shall helpe him maruailously. He that hath the consumption of the Spleene, let him drinke the whay of Goats that are fed with Iuy. Goats milke also halfe sodden, so it be of them that feede on Iuy onely, it may bee giuen to children that are troubled with the paine in the melt. A drinke made of Goats milke and rennet put to it (as cheese is acustomed to be made) and giuen to those that haue the Dropsie, they shal be holpen. Also Goats milke killeth the wormes.

Those that are troubled with the greefe of the reynes, let him take three cups of Creti∣an sod in wine, and so much of Goats milk, and three and thirty grains of Cowcumber∣seed, [ 10] all wel bruised togither, which hee may drinke at one draught. Anatolius saith, that a porenger full of Goats milke, with as much Amylum, which is as much as three poren∣gers of Sheepes milke, and three ounces of oile, all which well tempered together must be giuen through a horne to a horsse that pisseth blood, and it wil remedy the same: and Polygonius saith, that goates milke and Amylum with three Egges and the iuyce of pellito∣ry, is good for the same disease in horses. The meale of Bettony soked out of Goats milk stayeth the blood dropping out of the paps. Phisitians do drink certaine medicines made of goats milke that increase Venus.

The men of Thessalia drinke another roote of a certaine hearbe (called Orchim) beeing softer and nothing inferior with Goats milke to stirre vp men to carnall copulation, and [ 20] they drinke the harder kind of roote so tempered to stay it. The roote Ragwort (as some call it) being giuen to women with childe, it maketh them that they cannot conceiue, be∣ing of watery condition: against which Goats milke soked with honey, is an excellent re∣medy.

If the hinder parts that are somewhat fleshy stand further out then the rest, and open, annoint them with Goates milke warmed. If any mans Sheepe be sicke, let him take Goates milke mingled with Wine, and so let him giue it them to drinke. If Lambes bee troubled with Agues or sicknesse, let goates milke bee giuen them thorough a horne.

Cheese made of goates milke is an excellent helpe for those that haue drunke Misel∣den. [ 30] For other bitings of beasts (besides that of a madde Dogge) goates cheese wel dri∣ed with wilde Margerom must be drunk. The same also is excellent against the sting∣ing of Serpentes; For all other bitinges and stinginges of lesser Beastes, it is also a ve∣ry good remedy. Being dryed out of Vineger and Honey, taketh away vlcers and bli∣sters.

This same cheese when it is new, so it bee wel pressed and no whay left in it, and mixed with honey, is most excellent against the quartan Ague. Goats cheese also represseth all dolors and punctions, and being soft and new, and made with hony, and couered with a wollen or linnen cloath, taketh awaie the puffing vp of the flesh. It being dryed with scalli∣ons, you may anoint Saint Antonies fire with it. Being dried out of Hony and Vineger, (when men do bath) without oile, it may be annointed on blacke wheales. That which is [ 40] fresh and well riuuated, being laid on the eies, it quicklie aswageth the paine. It is also ex∣ceeding good for the pricking of the eies, the greefe of the head and feete, it is also good for the dropping of the eyes, with a little warme Water applied vnto it, and if it bee a swelling of the eies then out of honey, either of which greefes is to bee kept warme with whay.

For the greefe of a mans yard, seeth goates cheese and honey, of a like quantity in a poulteise made in a new earthen pot, and so laid thereunto twice a day, but firste wash the place with old wine that is to be cured. It is good for Carbuncles, and if a woman be sicke of her wombe, and troubled with a Febre, let her take the fift part of halfe a Chaeuix, of Pet∣tispurge, [ 50] and so much nettle seede, and halfe a Chaeuix of goates cheese scraped, being tempered with old wine, and afterward being sodden let her sup it vp, and if she haue the Flix let her drinke the blacke wilde grape, and the rinde of a Pomegranat, and a nutkernel, and the rennet of a Bul, these being washed in blacke wine, goats cheese, and wheat-flower put them together.

The fime or dung of such females as liue in the Mountaines drunke in wine, cureth the falling euill; and in Galens time they gaue the trindles of Goats in Wine against the Iaun∣dise, and with the fime they annoynt them that haue the fluxe, and made into a poltesse is very helpfull against the Collicke: but Marcellus prepareth it on this manner: first it must be steeped in water and strained, with sixty graines of pepper, and three porringers of sweet water, and so deuide it into three equal potions to be drunke, in three seueral daies: but the body of the patient must be first washed or annointed with Acopus, so as all per∣frictions by sweate may be auoyded.

Aetius against the hardnesse of the Spleene prescribeth a plaister made of Goats dung, [ 10] barly meale, and the dung alone against all tumours or swellings of the melt. Against wa∣ter lying betwixt the skinne, and the skinne and the flesh this is prepared many waies, and first against the Dropsie, they seeth it in the vrine of a Boy which hath tasted of poyson, or in the Goates vrine, till it be as thicke that it will sticke and cleaue, and it will purge all by the belly, and also the shauings of hides which Corriers make, sod in vineger with Goates dung is accounted in England a singular medicine to represse all hydropick swel∣ling in the legs and belly.

The fime of Female-goates drunke in sweete water expelleth the stone out of the blad∣der. Against the paine in the hippes, the Arabians prescribe it in this manner, which they call adustion (betwixt the thumbe and the hand) there is a hollow place wherein they put Wooll diped in Oyle; afterward they set on fire little piles of Goates dung in the same [ 20] Wooll, and there let it burne till the fume and vapour thereof be sensibly felt in the hip∣bone: some vse to apply this to the fat, but in our time it is all out of vse, and yet seeing the paines of the hip doe rather fall into the thighes, shinnes and Legges, then assend vp into the Armes and shoulders, Aetius and Cornarius saye, that this adustion for the hips was vsed in the auncient time diuers waies, and some on this manner, holding the burning dung in a paire of tonges vnto the leg of that side where the paine lieth, vntill the adustion be felt in the hip, and this course vsed Dioscorides.

Quintillius vsed another way, which was this: he first of all heate the Goates dung, and therewithall burned the soft and fleshy part of the great toe, neare vnto the Naile, vntill it pierced to the sicke place; after such vstians, they lay beaten leaues of leekes with salt to [ 30] the place, but in the hard bodies of country men invred to labour, they apply the dung of goats with barly meale and vineger.

The same with Saffron and Goates sewet, applied to the gowt, healeth it, or else mu∣sterdseede, stalkes of Iuy, Bittony, or the flower of Wilde cowcumber, the same drunke with spikneard, or other spice, stirreth vp a womans flowers, and causeth easie deliue∣rance, but being beaten into meale and vineger and layed to a womans belly, with wooll and Frankcumcense, stayeth all fluxes and Issues: also little bals of the same with haires and the fat of a Sea-calfe wrought altogether and perfumed vnder a woman, hath the same effect, or else the Lyuer of a Sea-calfe and the shauings of Ceder wood.

Pliny affirmeth, that the midwiues of his time staied the greatest fluxe of the belly [ 40] by drinking the vrine of a Goat, and afterwardes anoynting it with the dung of a Horse that hath bruised his hoofe. Goats blood with vineger cureth the same, and if an Apletree haue worms in it, the dung of a Goate and the vrine of a man laied to the root driue them away.

The vrine of Goates blood drunke with vineger, resisteth the stinging of Serpents, and also being laid to bunches and swellings in the flesh, in what part soeuer they be, it disper∣seth and expelleth them. Against the stifnesse of the Necke which they call Opisthotonos, Take vrine of a Goate and the heades of scallions bruzed to iuyce, and infuse them into the eares; and the same mingled with the oyle of roses and a little Nytre, cureth the paine [ 50] in the eares by infusion, or by the smoke perfumed in a Goats horne twenty dayes toge∣ther.

Against naturall deafenesse take the horne of a Goate newly slaine, and fill it with the vrine and hang it vp nine daies in the smoke, and afterwards vse it. The vrine of a goate made warme, and instilled into the eares, and the fime annoynted with fat is good for the vaines of the throat. For the Dropsie drinke one spooenfull mingled with Cardus,

and warme it at the fire, also mingled with wine or water, it expelleth the stone in the blad∣der, according to the saying of Serenns:

Nec non obscaenus caprae: potabitur humor Obruat hic morbum tabefact aque saxa remittit.

The same Physitian prescribed Goats trindles to be drunke in wine against the Iandis, and to stay the fluxes of women, the same dung tied in a cloath about vnquiet children, e∣specially women-kind, maketh them more still, being mingled with wine, cureth the bi∣tings of vipers, and the dung taken out of the Goats belly and annointed vpon the sore, cureth it with all speede: the same vertue it hath to heale men wounded by Scorpions, [ 10] being decocted in Vineger it cureth also the biting of a mad Dog, mixed with honey and wine.

Being laid vpon a wound it keepeth it from swelling, it hath the same vertue mingled with Barley-meale, but healeth the kings euill, It is vsed also to ripen sores and ruptures, being applyed to the suppurations, it keepeth downe the swellings of womens brests, be∣ing first dried and then steeped in new wine, and so laide to the sore, for it disgesteth in∣flamation.

When the eyelids be thicke, hard, red, and bald, take goats dung and Mouse dung, of eyther a like quantity burned, and twice so much of the powder of the Graecian canes with honey Atticke, and anoint them therewith; being heate with Vineger and put vpon [ 20] the sore it cureth Tetters and Ring wormes, and disperseth Carbuncles in the belly: also being heated in Vineger with cow milke, oile of Cipres and Laurell, it purgeth and cu∣reth al wounds of the legs and shins, it pulleth out thorns or sharp pricks out of the body, as that learned Physitian Mytiae hath proued, as sheepes dung also doeth: laying it round about the wound it cureth burnings and draweth out heat, with oile of roses and Vineger (as Gallen writeth.)

It is also commended for broken ioynts, because it suffereth them not to swell or start out being once set, therefore it must be vsed with Honey and wine, and it hath the same ope∣ration for broken ribbes, for it openeth, draweth and healeth: also it being decocted with Vineger, it healeth the paines in the nerues although they be ready to rot, and easeth the paine in the ioynts: the fime of a fat Goat cureth the gout, and the contraction or shrin∣king [ 30] of the nerues; being dressed with Vineger and made as thick as Hony, it helpeth the trembling members. It is verie dry, and therefore (Arnoldus saith) it cureth the Fistula, making a plaister thereof with the meale of Beanes, Wine and Leigh, which hath beene seene wonderfully to drie vp the Fistula. With Oxymel and Vineger it cureth the Aleptius but it must be burned.

Take seauen bals of Goats dung, worke them in Vineger, then anoint your forehead therewith, and it easeth the paine in the head, or else mingle it with oile of roses, and spred it vpon a cloath laying it to your Temples, change it morning and euening, and you shal find great ease thereby.

[ 40] If the eies be swolne at any time, bind this dung vnto them: being mingled with Li∣quid pitch, and honey, healeth them which are sicke of the Quinansie, being gargarized in the mouth, he which is sicke of an olde Cough, let him take the dryed trindles and put them into the best wine, and drinke it off, so shall he presently auoid his fleame and filthy humor and be healed.

Notes

• Of the name
• Varinus
• Aelianu••▪
• A••atolius Varro
• Palladius
• Albertus
• Arnoldus
• Plinyus The medi∣cines arising out of male Goates.
• Sextus.
• Pliny
• Sextus
• Dioscorides
• Aetius.
• Marcellus
• Albertus.
• Pliny
• Dioscorides.
• Marcellus
• Columella
• Rasis
• Galen.
• Myrepsus
• Marcellus
• Galen.
• Herodotus.
• Pliny.
• Pliny.
• Marcellus
• Pliny.
• Marcellus.
• Marcellus.
• Pliny
• Coelius Aureliaenus
• Aesculapius Sextus
• Gallen
• Marcellus. Sextus.
• Pliny.
• Marcellus
• Plinyus.
• Hippocrates
• Sextus Coelius.
• Marcellus
• Discorides
• Pliny.
• Marcellinus
• Galen.
• Aetius.
• Pliny.
• Gallen
• Collumella
• Pliny.
• Aesculapius
• Dioscorides
• Mar••illus
• Dioscorides
• Pliny.
• Pliny.
• Marcellus
• Pliny
• Pliny.
• Sextus.
• Plinius
• Gallen
• Plinius
• ••••••ius
• Galen. Dioscorides
• Trallianus
• Pliny.
• Marcellus.
• Marcellus.
• Marcellus
• Sextus
• Plinius
• Columella
• Plinius
• Plinyus Marcellus
• Hippocrates
• Plinius
• Marcellus
• Marcellus.
• Plinius
• Marcellus
• Dioscorides
• Aeti••s.
• Plnyus
• Pliny
• Marcellus
• Aesculapius
• Sextus.
• Amitolins.
• Pelagonius.
• Pliny.
• Marcellus.
• Sextus
• Innominatus
• Collumella
• Serenus.
• Pliny.
• Aesculapius Pliny
• Pliny.
• Discorides
• Archigenes
• Plinea
• Vegetius Anatolius
• Gallus