The survey of London containing the original, increase, modern estate and government of that city, methodically set down : with a memorial of those famouser acts of charity, which for publick and pious vses have been bestowed by many worshipfull citizens and benefactors : as also all the ancient and modern monuments erected in the churches, not only of those two famous cities, London and Westminster, but (now newly added) four miles compass / begun first by the pains and industry of John Stow, in the year 1598 ; afterwards inlarged by the care and diligence of A.M. in the year 1618 ; and now compleatly finished by the study & labour of A.M., H.D. and others, this present year 1633 ; whereunto, besides many additions (as appears by the contents) are annexed divers alphabetical tables, especially two, the first, an index of things, the second, a concordance of names.

Great Families of old time kept.

ANd here to touch somewhat of great Families and households, kept in former times by Noble men, and great estates of this Realme, according to their honors and dignities. I have seene an account made by Henry

Leicester, Cofferer to Thomas Earle of Lancaster, for one whole yeeres expen∣ces in the Earles house, from the day next after Michaelmasse, in the seventh yeere of Edward the second, untill Mi∣chaelmasse in the eight yeere of the same King, amounting to the summe of seven thousand, nine hundred, fifty seven pound, thirteene shillings, foure pence halfe penny, as followeth.

To wit, in the Pantry, Buttry, and Kitchin, 3405. l. &c.

For 184. Tuns, 1. pipe of Red or Cla∣ret wine, and one Tun of White wine, bought for the house 104. l. 17. s. 6. d.

For Grocery ware, 180. l. 17. s.

For sixe Barrels of Sturgeon, nine∣teene pound.

For 6800. Stockfishes, so called, and for dryed fishes, of all sorts, as Lings, Haberdines, and other, 41. l. 6. s. 7. d.

For 1714. pound Waxe, with Ver∣milion and Turpentine to make red Wax, 314. l. 7. s. 4. d. ob.

For 2319. pound of Tallow candles for the houshold, and 1870. of lights for Paris candles, called Perchers, 31. l. 14. s. 3. d.

Expences on the Earles great Horses, and the Keepers wages, 486. l. 4. s. 3. d. ob.

Linnen cloth for the Lord and his Chaplaines, and for the Pantry 43. l. 17. d.

Fro 129. dozen of Parchment, with Inke, 4. l. 8. s. 3 ob.

Summe. 1230. l'. 17. d. 7. d. ob.

Item, for two clothes of Scarlet for the Earle against Christmasse, one cloth of Russet, for the Bishop of Anjou, 70. cloths of blew for the Knights, (as they were then tearmed) 15. clothes of Medley for the Lords clerks, 28. cloths for the Esquire, 15. cloths for Officers, 19. clothes for Groomes, 3. clothes for Archers, 4. clothes for Minstrels and Carpenters, with the sharing and car∣riage for the Earles Liveries at Christ∣mas, 460. l. 15. d.

Item, for 7. Furs of variable Miniver (or powdred Ermin) 7. Hoods of pur∣ple, 395. Furs of Budge, for the Live∣ries of Barons, Knights, and Clerkes, 123. Furres of Lambe, for Esquires, bought at Chrismas, 147. l. 17. s. 8. d.

Item, 65. clothes Saffron colour, for the Barons and Knights: in summer, 12. red clothes mixt, for Clerks, 26 clothes ray, for Esquires, one cloth ray, for Officers coats in summer, and foure clothes ray, for carpets in the Hall, 345. l. 13. s. 8. d.

Item, 100. peeces of greene silke for the Knights, 14. Budge Furs for sur∣cotes, 13. hoods of Budge for Clerkes, and 75. Furs of Lambs, for the Lords liveries in summer, with Canvas and cords to trusse them, 72. l. 19. s.

Item, Saddles for the Lords liveries in summer, 51. l. 6. s. 8. d.

Item, for one Saddle for the Earle, of the Princes armes 40. s.

Summe. 1079. l. 18. s. 3. d.

Item, for things bought, whereof no∣thing can bee read in my note, 241. l. 14. s. 1. d. ob.

For horses lost in service of the Earle 8. l. 6. s. 8. d.

Fees paid to Earles, Barons, Knights, and Esquires, 623. l. 15. s. 5. d.

In gifts to Knights of France, the Queene of Englands Nurces, to the Countesse of Warren, Esquires, Min∣strels, Messengers and riders, 92. l. 14. s.

Item, 168. yards of Russet cloth, and 24. coats for poore men, with money given to the poore on Maundy Thurs∣day, 8. l. 16. s. 7. d.

Item, 24 silver Dishes, so many saw∣cers, and so many Cups for the Buttry, one paire of Pater nosters, and one silver coffen bought this yeere, 103. l. 5. s. 6. d.

To divers Messengers about the Earles businesse, 34. l. 19. s. 8. d.

In the Earles Chamber 5. l.

To diuers men for the Earles old debts, 88. l. 16. s. ob. q.

Summe. 1270. l. 7. s. 11. d. ob. q.

The expences of the Countesse at Pickering, for the time of this account, as in the Pantry, Buttry, Kitchin, and other places concerning these Offices, two hundred, fourescore and 5. pounds thirteene shillings, halfe penny.

In Wine, Waxe, Spices, Clothes, Furs, and other things for the Countes∣ses Wardrobe, an hundred fifty foure pounds, seven shillings, foure pence, halfe penny.

Summe. 439. l. 8. s. 6. d. q. Summa totalis of the whole expences, 7957 l' 13. s. 4. d. ob.

This much for this Earle of Lancaster.

More, I read that in the 14. of the same Edward the second, Hugh Spencer the elder (condemned by the comunal∣ty) was banished the Realme, at which time, it was found by inquisition, that the said Spencer had in sundry shires. 59. Mannors, He had 28000. sheep, 1000. Oxen and Streeres, 1200. Kine with their Calves, 40. Mares with their Colts, 160. drawing horse, 2000. Hogges, 300. Bullocks, 40. Tuns of Wine, 600. Bacons, 80. Carkases of Martilmasse Beefe, 600. Muttons in Larder, 10. Tuns of Sidar. His Armor, plate, jewels, ready mony, better than 10000. pound, 36. sacks of Wooll, and a Library of Bookes. Thus much the Record: which provision for houshold, sheweth a great Family there to bee kept.

Neerer to our time, I read in the 36. of Henry the sixt, that the greater estates of the Realme being called up to Lon∣don.

The Earle of Salisbury came up to London with 500. men on horsebacke, and was lodged in the Herber.

Richard Duke of Yorke with 400. men lodged at Baynards Castle.

The Duke of Excester and Sommerset with 800. men.

The Earle of Northumberland, the Lord Egremont, and the Lord Clifford, with 1500. men.

Richard Nevell, Earle of Warwicke, with 600. men all in red Iackets, Im∣brodered with ragged staves before and behinde, and was lodged in Warwicke lane: in whose house there was often∣times sixe Oxen eaten at a breakefast, and every Taverne was full of his meat, for he that had any acquaintance in that house might have there so much of sod∣den and rost meat, as hee could pricke and carry upon a long Dagger.

Richard Redman, Bishop of Ely, 1500. the 17. of Henry the seventh, besides his great family, housekeeping, Almes dish, and reliefe to the poore, whereso∣ever he was lodged. In his travaiing, when at his comming, or going to or from any Towne, the Bels being rung, all the poore would come together, to whom he gave every one sixe pence at the least.

And now to note of our owne time somewhat. Not omitting in this Tho∣mas Woolsey, Archbishop of Yorke, and Cardinall. You shall understand, that hee had in his hall (continually) three tables or boords, kept with three prin∣cipall Officers, to wit, a Steward, who was alwaies a Priest, a Treasurer a Knight, and a Controler an Esquire. Also a Cofferer, being a Doctor, three Marshals, three Yeomen Vshers in the Hall: besides two Groomes and Alm∣ners. Then in the Hall kitchin, two Clerks of the kitchin, a Clerke con∣troler, a Survevor of the dressor, a clark of the Spicery: all which (together) kept also a continuall Messe in the Hall. Also, in his Hall-kitchin, he had of Ma∣ster cookes two, and of other cookes, labourers, and children of the kitchin, twelve persons: foure Yeomen of the ordinary scullery, foure Yeomen of the silver scullery, two Yeomen of the Pa∣stry, with two other Pastelers under the Yeomen.

In the Privie kitchin, he had a Ma∣ster cooke, who went daily in Velvet and Sattin, with a chaine of Gold about his necke, and two other Yeomen, and a Groome. In the scalding house, a Yeomen and two Groomes. In the Pantry, two Yeoman. In the Buttery, two Yeomen, two Groomes, and two Pages. In the Chandery two Yeomen. In the Wafary two Yeomen. In the Wardrobe of Beds, the Master of the VVardrobe, and tenne other persons attending. In the Laundery a Yeoman, a Groome, thirty Pages, two Yeomen Purveyors, and one Groome. In the Bake-house a Yeoman and 2 Groomes. In the Wood-yard a Yeoman and a Groome. In the Barne one. In the Gar∣den a Yeoman and two Groomes: A Yeoman of his Barge; a Master of his Horse, a Clerke of the Stable, a Yeoman of the same; the Saddler; the Farriar; a Yeoman of his Chariot; a Sumpter∣man,; a Yeoman of his Stirrop; a Mule∣ter, and sixteen Groomes of his Stable, every one of them keeping 4. Geldings. Porters at his gate, two Yeomen and

two Groomes. In the Almnorie, a Yeo∣man and a Groome.

In his Chappell he had a Deane, a great Divine, and a man of excellent learning: a Subdeane, a repeater of the Quire, a Gospeller, a Pisteler, of sin∣ging Priests ten, a master of the chil∣dren, twelve Seculars, being singing-men of the Chappell; ten singing chil∣dren, with a servant to attend upon the children. In the Revestry, a Yeoman and two Groomes; over and beside di∣vers retainers, that came thither at principall Feasts.

For the furniture of his Chappell, it exceedeth my cpacity to declare, or to speake of the number of costly orna∣ments and rich Jewels that were used in the same continually. There hath bin seene in procession about the Hall, foure and forty very rich Coaps worne, all of one sute; besides the rich Crosses and Candlesticks, and other ornaments be∣longing to the furnishment of the same. He had two Crosse-bearers, and two Pillar-bearers in his great Chamber. And in his Privie-chamber these per∣sons: First, the chiefe Chamberlaine and Vice-chamberlaine. Of Gentlemen Vshers (beside one in his Privie-cham∣ber) he had twelve daily waiters: and of Gentlemen waiters, in his Privie-Chamber, he had six; of Lords nine or tenne, who had (each of them) two men allowed to attend upon them: except the Earle of Darby, who alwaies was al∣lowed 5. men. Then had he of Gentle∣mē, Cupbearers, Carvers, Sewers, both of the Privie chamber and of the great chamber, with Gentlemē (daily waiters there) 40. persons. Of Yeomen Vshers 6. of Groomes in his chamber, 8. of Yeo∣men in his chamber 45. daily. He had al∣so Almes-men, sometime more in num∣ber than at other times.

There was attending on his Table daily, of Doctors and Chaplaines, (be∣side them of his Chappell) 16. A Clerk of his Closet, two Secretaries, 2 Clerks of his Signet; and foure Counsellours, learned in the Lawes. And forasmuch as it was necessary to have divers Offi∣cers of the Chancery to attend upon him; that is to say, the Clerke of the Crowne, a riding Clerke, a Clerke of the Hamper, and a Clerke of the Wax; then a Clerke of the Checke, (aswell vpon the Chaplaines, as on the Yeomen of his chamber,) he gave allowance to them all. He had also foure Footmen, who were clothed in rich running coats, whensoever hee rode on any journey. Then had he an Herauld at Armes, a Serjeant at Armes, a Physician, an A∣pothecarie, foure Minstrels, a keeper of his Tents, an Armorer, an instructor of his Wards, two Yeomen of his Ward-robe of Robes, and a keeper of his cham∣ber continually in the Court. He had also in his house the Survey or of Yorke, and a Clerke of the Greene cloth. All these were daily attending, downe ly∣ing and uprising; as we use to say, and at meales. He kept in his great chamber, a continuall Table for the Chamberers and Gentlemen Officers: having with them a Messe of the yong Lords, and an∣other of Gentlemen. And besides all these, there was never an Offices, Gen∣tleman, or other worthy person, but hee was allowed in the house, some three, some two, and all other, one at the least, which grew to a great number of persons.

Thus farre out of the Checke-roll: besides other Officers, servants and re∣tainers, and Suiters, that most common∣ly dined in the Hall.

Nicholas West, in the yeere 1532. kept continually in his house 100. servants, giving to the one halfe of them 53. s. 4. d. apiece yeerly: to the other halfe, each 40. s. apiece: to every one for his winter Gowne, foure yards of broadcloath, and for his Sum∣mer Coat three yards and an halfe. He daily gave at his Gates, besides bread and drinke, warme meate to two hun∣dred poore people.

The house-keeping of Edward late Earle of Darby is not to be forgotten, who had 220. men in check-roll: his feeding aged persons twice every day, 60. and odde, beside all commers, thrice a weeke appointed for his dealing daies, and every Good-friday, 2700. with meat, drinke, and money.

Thomas Audley, Lord Chancellour, his family of Gentlemen before him, in coats garded with velvet, and chaines of gold, his Yeomen after him, in the same Livery not garded.

William Powlet or Pawlet, Lord great Master, Marquesse of Winchester, kept the like number of Gentlemen and yeo∣men, in a Livery of Reading tawny, and great reliefe at his gate.

Thomas Lord Cromwell, Earle of Es∣sex, kept the like or greater number in a Livery of gray Marble; the Gentle∣men guarded with Velvet, the Yeomen with the same cloth, yet their skirts large enough for their friends to sit upon them.

Edward, Duke of Sommerset was not inferiour in keeping a number of tall and comely Gentlemen and Yeomen, though his house was then in building, & most of his men were lodged abroad.

The Earle of Oxford hath beene no∣ted within these fifty yeeres, to have ridden into this Citie, and so to his house by London-stone, with fourescore Gentlemen in a Livery of Reading Taw∣ny, and chaines of gold about their necks, before him; and one hundred tall Yeomen in the like Livery to follow him, without Chaines, but all having his Cognizance of the blew Bore, em∣broydered on their left shoulder.

Notes

• Great fa∣milies of old time kept.
• Tho. Earle of Lanca∣ster, his housekee∣ping and charge thereof for one yeere.
• Record of Pontfract, as I could obtaine of M. Cudnor.
• 159. Cloths in Liveries a∣gainst Christmas.
• 104. cloths in Live∣ries in summer.
• Northern Russt halfe yard and halfe quarter broad, I have seen sold for foure pence the yard, and was good cloth of a mingled colour.
• Record Tower.
• Hugh Spen∣cer the el∣der, his provision for house-keeping, which sheweth a great fa∣mily to be kept in houshold.
• Rob. Fabian manuscript.
• Nevell Earle of Warwicke his house keeping.
• Richard Redman Bishop of Ely.
• The wor∣thy house keeping of Thomas Woolsey Lord Arch∣bishop of Yorke.
• Officers for the Hall kit∣chin.
• Master-Cookes and other.
• For the Privy kit∣chin.
• Scalding house, Pantry, Buttry.
• Chandery.
• Wafary.
• Wardrobe of beds.
• Laundery.
• Bakehouse
• VVood-yard.
• Barne.
• Garden.
• Barge.
• Stable.
• Porters.
• The order of his Chappell.
• The rich furniture of his Chappell.
• Crosse-bearers & pillar-bearers.
• His privie chamber.
• Gentlemē waiters.
• Lords and their at∣tendants.
• For the privie and great chamber.
• Daily attendāts on his Table.
• Officers of the Chan∣cerie.
• His Foot∣men.
• A Herald and Ser∣jeant at Armes.
• Surveyor of Yorke, & Clerke of the Greene-cloth.
• Yong Lords and Gentlemē
• Attendāts allowed in the house.
• Lib. Ely.
• West, Bi∣shop of Ely
• Edward, Earle of Darby.
• Thomas Lord Audley.
• Every Li∣very coat had three yards of bread cloth.
• Tho. Lord Cromwell.
• Duke of Sommerset.
• Earle of Oxford.