Annotations upon the five bookes of Moses, the booke of the Psalmes, and the Song of Songs, or, Canticles VVherein the Hebrevv vvords and sentences, are compared with, and explained by the ancient Greeke and Chaldee versions, and other records and monuments of the Hebrewes: but chiefly by conference with the holy Scriptures, Moses his words, lawes and ordinances, the sacrifices, and other legall ceremonies heretofore commanded by God to the Church of Israel, are explained. With an advertisement touching some objections made against the sinceritie of the Hebrew text, and allegation of the Rabbines in these annotations. As also tables directing unto such principall things as are observed in the annotations upon each severall booke. By Henry Ainsworth.

Annotations.

THe generations] that is, the children begotten [unspec 1] of Noes three sonnes: by whom three parts of the world were inhabited; Asia by Sems posterity; Africa by Chams; and part of Europe, with Asia the lesse, by Iaphets.

Vers. 2. Iapheth] the eldest of the three brethren, vers. 21. Hee is renowmed in the ancient Greeke [unspec 2] writings, called Iapetos; of him many things are fabled by the Poets; and his posterity called Iape∣tionides, by Hesiod, and others. Gomer] in Greek Gamer: of him came a people still called by their fathers name in Ezekiels dayes; seated Northward from the land of Canaan: who did helpe to afflict the Iewes, after their return out of Babylon, Ezek. 38. 6. They are of Greeke Geographers called Kimmerioi (Kimmerites) a people beyond Thracia. Iosephus (in his Antiquities) saith, the Galatians, were of old named Gomerites. The Kimmerites, (or Cimmerians) afterward degenerated into the name of Cimbrians. Magog] of him also came a peo∣ple and country so named, which were enemies to God. people, Ezek. 38. 2. and 39. 6. Revel. 20. 8. those that are now called Scythians, (or Sarmati∣ans) are thought to be of his race: Ioseph. Antiq. b. 1. c. 7. which Scythians dwelt in Coelesyria. Madai] the father of the people called Medes, into whose Cities the Israelites were led captives, 2 King. 8. 11. They with Paras (the Persians,) o∣vercame the Babylonians, Esay 13. 17. and 21. 2. Ier. 51. 11. Dan. 5. 28. 31. and 6. 8. That people is also mentioned in Act. 2. 9. Iavan] in Greeke Iouan; of him came the people called Iones, that is, Greekes: which are mentioned by the name Ia∣van, in Ezek. 27. 13. Esay 65. 19. Dan. 8. 21. and 10. 21. Vnto them the Israelites were sold for bond-men, Ioel 3. 6. They were called Greekes, of one Graekus a King. Thubal] in Greeke Thobel: his children were still called by his name; used tra∣ding with the Tyrians, Ezek. 27. 13. & ayded Gog their Prince, against the people of God, Ezek. 38. 2. 3. The Thobelites, Iosephus saith, in his time were called Iberi, Antiq. b. 1. c. 7. they inhabited Spaine, and the countries adjoyning. Meshec] in Greek Mosoch: of him came the Moscovites, as some thinke, and the name seemeth to confirme: who removed their dwelling more Northward. Meshec is usually joyned with Thubal before mentioned, neere whom he was seated: Ezek. 27. 13. and 38. 2 Iosephus deriveth from him the Cappadocians: (An∣tiq. 1. c. 7.) which of old were called Meschines.

Thiras,] of him came the Thracians, and the Greeke name Thrax: hee is not mentioned againe in Scripture, save in the genealogy, 1 Chron. 1. 5. Here are of Iapheth reckoned seven sonnes, which first setled in Asia; and from thence further North∣ward and West. So in Asia, there are seven Chri∣stian Churches of the Gentiles, Rev. 1. 11. Thus Iaphet hath beene perswaded and inlarged.

Vers. 3. Ascanaz] in Hebrew, Ashehenaz: his land and children retained his name, when they [unspec 3] helped the Medes to overthrow Babylon, Ier. 51. 27. Of him the sea betweene Europe and Asia, was called Axenos Pontos, and after, Euxenos: and his posterity dwelt in Asia, Pontus, & Bythinia, (men∣tioned in 1 Pet. 1. 1.) where is the river Ascanius. The Iewes now commonly call Germany, Ashche∣naz: and others with them derive from it die As∣canes, and Tuiscones that is the Dutch-men. But the Ierusalem Chaldee paraphrase turneth it here Asia. There (in Asia the lesse) is the country Ascania; and Sicania, named of this man. Riphath] hee in 1 Chron. 1. 6. is called Diphath: for the Hebrew letters are like, and so one put sometime for ano∣ther, as is shewed on Gen. 4. 18. Of Riphath, the Riphean mountaines in Scythia, seeme to have their name. But the holy Scriptures mention him not: as being furthest off from the Iewes land. Iosephus saith, the Paphlagones come of him. Thogarma] in Greeke, Thorgama: (as the Hebrew it selfe some∣time translateth letters; Almuggim, 1 King. 10. 11. and Algummim, 2 Chron. 9. 10. Harchas, 2 King. 22. 14. and Chasrah, 2 Chron. 34. 22.) Of this Tho∣garmahs house and off-spring, there is mention in Ezek. 27. 14. and 38. 6. he was seated Northward neere Gomer; and the Chaldee paraphrast on Eze∣kiel, makes his Country Garmamaia, or Germany.

Vers. 4. Elisa] or (as the Hebrew writeth) Eli∣shah: [unspec 4] his sonnes dwelt in Iles and sold blue and purple to the Tyrians, Ezek. 27. 7. Of him came the Greekes called Aeoles, and the country was na∣med Hellas: that is, Greece, as both the name, and Thargum Ierusalemy witnesseth. Tharsis] Heb. Tharshish: his children dwelt by the sea, used much shipping and merchandise, Ezek. 27. 12. 25. The country was after named Cicilia, and there was also a famous City called Tarsus, where the Apostle Paul was borne, Act. 21. 39. Whither the Prophet Ionas fled, Ion. 1. 3. The Hebrewes call the maine Sea Tharsis, Psal. 48. 8. because they usually traf∣fiqued but by that Tharsean Sea. Kitim] the Greeke saith, the Ketians: whom the Ierusalemy paraphrast seateth in Italy: and Maketia, that is Macedonia, sheweth by the name, that it also came of Ketim. Of this people and country mention is made also in Numb. 24. 24. (where the Chaldee translateth Romanes, the Latine Italy,) Esa. 23. 1. 12 Ier. 2. 10. and Dan. 11. 30. where the Latine trans∣lateth it Romanes. Iosephus deriveth the Cyprians from Kitim, amongst whom is the City Kition.

Dodanim] written also Rodanim, 1 Chron. 1. 7. and here in Greeke Rhodioi. The Rhodeans and Do∣reans about Greece, seeme to come of these. The Scriptures mention not this Dodanim any more then Thiras, in vers. 2. the Dodonaeans in Epirus seeme to come of him. Thus Iapheth hath seven nephewes, as before he had seven sonnes.

Vers. 5. the Iles] that is, the countries where the [unspec 5] nations of Iaphets linage dwelt, in Europe, and the Iles thereof: wherfore although an Ile is strict∣ly used for a little land in the sea, yet often it is largely put for any country or nation there inhabi∣ting; wherefore the holy Ghost translateth that nations (or Gentiles) Mat. 12. 21. which in Hebrew is Iles, Esay 42. 4. every-man] The Hebrew Ish, man, is often put for every-one; and is so translated in Greeke by the holy Ghost, Heb. 8. 11. from Ier. 31. 34. See also Gen. 15. 10. their families,] or kinreds: in Greeke, their tribes: which word is af∣ter in this chapter, and otherwhere, as also in Rev. 1. 7. used for a family, stocke, or kinred of any nation. And in the Hebrew, Aegypt is said to have tribes, Esay 19. 13. of which word, see the notes on Gen. 49. 10. 16.

Vers. 6. Cush] he was father of the Arabians and [unspec 6] Ethiopiani, or Mores, as the next verse sheweth: and where Aethopia is mentioned in Scripture, the Hebrew name is Cush, Esay 37. 9. and often o∣therwhere; and they are called Aethiopians (accor∣ding to the Greeke name) of their burnt faces and blacke skin: see Ier. 13. 23. Mizraim] of him came the Aegyptians: and the land of Aegypt, (so called of the Greeke, in Mat. 2. 15. and alwayes in the new Testament:) in the Hebrew by Moses and the Prophets, alwayes called the land of Miz∣raim. And it is said to have the name Aegypt, of one Aiguptos, a King there. But the Arabians and Turkes to this day, call that land Mizri: and Ce∣drenus in Greeke nameth it Mestra. See also Gen. 12. 10. and 41. 56. Phut] or, Put; by whose name their children and land was still called in E∣zekiels time, Ezek. 27. 10. and 38. 5. in other wri∣ters it is named Lybia, there is the river called Phthuth. Ganaan] in Hebr. Cenaghnan; he it was whom Noe cursed, Gen. 9. 25. his country (the land of Canaan) was after given for a possession to the Israelites; famous through all the Scriptures. Pale∣stina, Iudea, (or Iewry) Samaria, Galilee, were all parts of this land of Canaan.

Vers. 7. Seba] or, Saba: (as the Greeke writeth it) [unspec 7] of whom came the Sabaeans, who being mixt after∣ward with other peoples, were thereupon called Arabians, that is, a mixed people: for Arab, (that is, Arabia) 2 Chron. 9. 14. is written also Aereb, 1 King. 10. 15. which properly signifieth a mixed-multitude, as in Exod. 12. 38. Havilah] in Greeke Euila: the posterity of this man, with his foure brethren following, dwelt neere the former Sabaeans, and with others many, caused the name of their large territories to be called Arabie, of the mixture of peoples, as before is noted. Sheba] called also in Greeke Saba: his posterity dwelt southward, in Aethiopia, a rich land. The Queene of Sheba came from far to heare the wisedome of Solomon, 1 King. 10. 1. in the Gospell she is called Queene of the South, Mat. 12. 42. Dedan] hee is mentioned with his seed, among the Merchants, in Ezek. 27. 15. and 38. 13.

Vers. 8. Nimrod] called in Greeke Nebrod: so [unspec 8] in the Hebrew text, M. and B. are put one for ano∣ther, as Merodach, Esay 39. 1. or Berodach, 2 King. 20. 12. Nimrod signifieth a Rebell, he was the chiefe builder of Babel. a mighty-one] the Greeke cal∣leth him a Giant.

Vers. 9. in hunting:] This the Scripture applyeth to hunting of men, by persecution, oppression, ty∣ranny, [unspec 9] Ier. 16. 16. Lam. 3. 52. and 4. 18. Prov. 1. 17. 18. And so the Ierusalemy paraphrast here expounds it of a sinfull hunting of the sonnes of men. And Moses in the next verse sheweth, how hee hunted for a kingdome: which by right pertained not to him, seeing he came of Cham, the youngest of the three brethren, Gen. 9. 24. before Iehovah] that is, mightily, openly, and without feare of God, as Gen. 6. 11. And so as the Lord tooke notice of his evill. 〈◊〉〈◊〉 it is sayd] that is, commonly said; and be∣come a proverbe against all tyrants and perse∣cutors.

Vers. 10. Babylon] in Hebrew, Babel: which the [unspec 10] holy Ghost in Greeke calleth Babylon, Rev. 18. 2. A City named of the event, because God there con∣founded their tongues, and scattered them, Gen. 11. 9.

Shinar] in Greeke Senaar: which is by inter∣pretation, (She naar) That which scattered (the in∣habitants) out of it, as the like phrase is used in Iob 38. 13. and hereof it seemeth to have the name: for otherwise, as all other countries were called by the name of their first possessors, so this was named the land of Nimrod, Mic. 5. 6. But usually it is called Shinar, Gen. 11. 2. 9. and 14. 1. Esay 11. 11. Dan. 1. 2. and is noted for the dwelling place of wicked∣nesse, Zach. 5. 11. The same land is also called Chal∣dea, Gen. 11. 28. Ier. 51. 24. 35. Ezek. 23. 16.

Vers. 11. went forth Assur] so the Greeke transla∣teth [unspec 11] it: as if Ashur (who was the sonne of Sem, v. 22.) to avoid Nimrods cruelty, went and builded Nineveh, and the other Cities: and so Iosephus ma∣keth Assur the builder of Niniveh, Antiq. l. 1. c. 7. But it may also well be translated, hee went forth to Assur, that is, to Assyria, a country lying neere to Shinar, or Chaldea, having the name of Assur. Thus Nimrod hunted from one land to another, increa∣sing his dominion. So in the Hebrew is to bee un∣derstood to; as often elsewhere: which the Scrip∣ture it selfe sheweth; as the house, 2 Sam. 6. 10. for unto the house, 1 Chron. 13. 13. the land, 2 Sam. 10. 2 for, unto the land, 1 Chron. 19. 2. and many the like.

Niniveh] a great City, famous by the preach∣ing of the Prophet Ionas, Ion. 1. the citie] this is added, because Rechoboth signifieth also streets: but here it is the name of a city, which the Greek and Chaldee versions doe confirme: as also Gen. 36. 37.

Vers. 13. the Ludims] that is, Lud and his poste∣rity; [unspec 13] so after Anam and his posterity. For besides the Hebrew forme which is plurall, the Greeke by ar∣ticle plainly sheweth them to bee peoples, not per∣sons. The mans name seemeth to be Lud, spoken of in Ezek. 27. 10. and 30. 5. Esay 66. 19. (where also Lud the sonne of Sem may be comprehended, Gen. 10. 22.) and his race the Ludims, (or Lydians) in Ier. 46. 9. Lehabims] called Lybians; a people in Africa.

Vers. 14 Philistims] or, Phylistians; a people after [unspec 14] much spoken of in Scripture, Iudg. 13. and 14. &c. These first dwelt with the Caphtorims, (next men∣tioned) Ier. 47. 4. and were called by their name, Deut. 2. 23. and from Caphtor, the Lord brought them into Canaan, Amos 9. 7. where they remai∣ned uncast out of Israel, to their great trouble.

Vers. 15. Sidon] of him came the Sidonians, and a [unspec 15] city in his land was called by his name, great Sidon Ios. 11. 8. and 19. 28. a City renowmed also in hu∣mane writers, for ancientness and fame of the buil∣ders thereof: Qu. Curtius l. 4. This was after al∣lotted to Aser, sonne of Israel; though they failed in not casting out the inhabitants, Iudg. 1. 31. Cheth] of whom came the Chethites, or Hittites, Gen. 15. 20.

Vers. 16. the Iebusite] that is (as the Chaldee pa∣raphrast [unspec 16] expresseth,) the Iebusites, Amorites, &c. the singular number being put for the plurall, as

also in Gen. 15. 20. 21. Exod. 3. 8. and 23. 23. and many other places: and the Hebrew text confir∣meth this, as in a Sam. 5. 6. the Iebusite the inhabi∣tant, for which, in 1 Chron. 11. 4. is written, the Iebusite the inhabitants: which plainly sheweth this name to be put for the whole nation. See also be∣fore Gen. 3. 2. and 4. 20. Iebus the sonne of Canaan, in his country was a City called by his name Iebus, and Salem, and last of all Ierusalem, Iudg. 19. 10. Gen. 14. 18. 1 Chron. 11. 4. These and their bre∣thren before and after named, dwelt in the land, which God gave the Israelites. the Amorites] who were a mighty people, whose height was like the height of Cedars, and they were strong as okes, Amos 2. 9. Girgasite] called also Gergesons, Mat. 8. 28. and Gadarens, Luke 8. 26. who desired Christ to depart out of their coasts, Mat. 8. 34.

Vers. 17. the Evite] Hebr. Chivvite: in Greeke [unspec 17] Euite, that is, Evites, a people mentioned after, in Gen. 34. 2. and 36. 2. Exod. 3. 8. of them came the Gibeonites, whose lives were spared by Iosua, Ios. 11. 19. The rest which follow, dwelt also in cities neere the former; as the Arkite, in Arka by the bottome of mount Lebanon; the Semarite, in Se∣maraim, which after fell to the Benjamites, Ios. 18. 22. and so the rest.

Vers. 19. Sidon] a City in the North west part of [unspec 19] Canaan: the borders of the land which God gave the Israelites, are here briefly described: but pur∣posely and largely in Num. 34. Gaza] a City of the Philistines, Iudg. 16. situate in the South-west of Canaan. Sodom] in Hebrew Sedom: of this and the rest, see the history, Gen. 18. and 19. They lay in the South-east part of the land of Ca∣naan.

Vers. 21. there was borne] to weet, an off-spring, or children: set downe afterward. Such words are of∣ten [unspec 21] to be understood: as is shewed on Gen. 4. 20. sonnes of Heber] or, of Eber, that is, of Gods Church, which (when others fell away) continu∣ed in Hebers posterity, of whom came Abram the Hebrew, Gen. 14. 13. and his children were called Hebrews, Gen. 39. 14. 17. Exod. 1. 15. 16. And though Sem were father of many moe sonnes then of Hebers; yet are they counted Sems in speciall, for retaining his faith and promises: as Rom. 9. 8. So on the contrary, Cham is called the father of Canaan, Gen. 9. 18. who had other sonnes also, but on Canaan his youngest, was Chams curse vi∣sibly executed, Gen. 9. 25. as Sems blessing was on Hebers seed, Gen. 14. 13. 19. brother of Iapheth] he was also brother of Cham; but the Scripture calleth them brethren more especially, that are al∣lyed also in qualities, as Sem and Iapheth for good, Gen 9. 23. 27. Simeon and Levi, for evill, Gen. 49. 5. the elder] or, the great, to weet, in birth: for Iapheth was borne before Sem, as is observed in Gen. 5. 32. and the Greeke version here plainly sheweth that Iapheth was the elder. So greater is used for elder, lesser for younger, in Gen. 27. 1. 15. and often in the Scriptures.

Vers. 22. Elam] of whom came the Elamites, [unspec 22] which seated in a Province called Elam, in the up∣per part of Persia, Dan. 8. 2. Esay 21. 2. They pro∣ved enemies to the sonnes of Heber, and were for it punished; but in the end obtained mercy, Esay 22. 6. Ier. 49. 36. 39. Act. 2. 9. Assur] or, Ash∣shur: of him came the Assyrians, and their land was named Assyria; much spoken of in the Scriptures: they were the scourge of Israel, Hebers children, 2 King. 15. 19. 29. Esay 10. 5. and 36. 1. &c. Arphaxad] or, Arpachshad: he hath no speciall ge∣nealogy, or country in Scripture, but that heris the father of our Lord Christ, after the flesh, Luk. 3. 36

Lud] of whom came the Lydians, a people in Asia, differing from Lud, sonne of Mizraim, sonne of Cham, of whom came the Lydians in A∣frica, neere Cush, or Ethiopia. See before, v. 13.

Aram] of whom came the Aramites, that is, (after the Greeke) Syrians, enemies also to Gods people, Iudg. 3. 10. 2 Sam. 8. 5. 6. 1 King. 20. &c. For Aram seating in the land of Shur in Asia, his country is therefore called in the Hebrew by his name, Aram, in the Greeke Syria: as of Asshur, commeth Assyria, the new Testament alwayes fol∣loweth the Greeke name, Luke 4. 27. Mat. 4. 14. Arams land had many parts, as Padan Aram, Gen. 28. 2. Aram Naharaim, (or Mesopotamia) Gen 24. 10. Aram of Damascus. 2 Sam. 8. 6. Aram Zobah, Psal. 60. 2. Aram Maacah. 1 Chron. 19. 6. and A∣ram beth Rehob, 2 Sam. 10. 6.

Vers. 24. Salah] Heb. Shelach. [unspec 24] [unspec 25]

Vers. 25. Phalee] or Phalee, as Luke 3. 35. in He∣brew Peleg, that signifieth division.

Vers. 20. Ioktan] or Ioktan: of him and his poste∣rity [unspec 26] (though here are reckoned many sonnes) the Scriptures make little mention: but by their names, compared with countries names in humane wri∣ters, they seeme to have seated in the East Indies, and there to have increased to mighty nations: but falne from the faith of their father Heber, that they are not worthy to be reckned for his seed.

Chasarmaveth] in Greeke Sarmoth: this mans posterity seeme to have dwelt in Sarmatia, a great Country beyond Germany, and named (as is like) of this man.

Vers. 27. Hadoram] in Greeke Hedorra: of the [unspec 27] first part of this name, Hado, some thinke Hodu, that is India, was so called, Esth. 1. 1.

Vers. 29. Ophir,] in Greeke Oupheir: from this [unspec 29] mans land in India, Solomons ships fetched store of fine gold, precious stones, &c. 2 Chron. 9. 10. 13 21. 1 King. 9. 27. 28. and the gold it selfe was cal∣led (by figure of speech) Ophir, Iob 22. 24. and in other languages Obruson, and Obryzum, of Ophy∣rizum, pure gold.

Vers. 30. their dwelling] Hebr. their seat. Me∣sha] [unspec 30] in Greeke Massee. Sephar] in Greeke Saphera.

Vers. 32. the families] in Greeke, the tribes, or [unspec 32] kinreds. By this genealogy here, compared with the names of nations in humane Writers, it ap∣peareth how God hath made of one blood, all nations of men, for to dwell on all the face of the earth: and hath determined the times before appointed, and the bounds of their habitation, Act. 17. 26.