The historie of the vvorld: commonly called, The naturall historie of C. Plinius Secundus. Translated into English by Philemon Holland Doctor of Physicke. The first [-second] tome

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Title
The historie of the vvorld: commonly called, The naturall historie of C. Plinius Secundus. Translated into English by Philemon Holland Doctor of Physicke. The first [-second] tome
Author
Pliny, the Elder.
Publication
London :: Printed by Adam Islip,
1634.
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Subject terms
Natural history -- Pre-Linnean works.
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"The historie of the vvorld: commonly called, The naturall historie of C. Plinius Secundus. Translated into English by Philemon Holland Doctor of Physicke. The first [-second] tome." In the digital collection Early English Books Online. https://name.umdl.umich.edu/A09763.0001.001. University of Michigan Library Digital Collections. Accessed May 5, 2024.

Pages

CHAP. XI.

¶ Of the superfluitie and frugality both, of men in times past, touching plate and siluer ves∣sels. Of beds and tables of siluer. Also when there were deuised chargers and [unspec K] platters of Siluer to be made of huge capacity beyond all measure.

THe world is giuen to so much inconstancy as touching siluer plate, that a wonder it is to see the nature of men how variable they be in the fashion and making of such vessel: for no workmanship wil please them long. One while we must haue our plate out of Furnius his shop; another while we will be furnished from Clodius: and againe in a new fit, none wil content vs but of Gratius his making (for our cupboords of plate & tables, forsooth, must beare the name of such and such Goldsmiths shops.) Moreouer, when the toy takes vs in the head, al our delight is in chased and embossed plate; or els so carued, engrauen, and deep cut in, as it is rough againe [unspec L] in the hand, wrought in imagery or floure-work, as if the painter had drawne them. And now a∣daies we are growne to this passe, that our dishes are set vpon the table borne vp with feet and supporters to sustaine the viands and meat therein, but in any wise their sides must be pared ve∣ry neere; for herein I may tell you lieth a great matter, and the more that the sides and edges hath lost by the file, the richer is the plate esteemed to be.

As touching the vessell seruing in the kitchen: did Calvus the noble Oratour complaine in his time that it was of siluer? Why, wee in these dayes doe more than so, for wee haue deuised that our coaches should bee all siluer, and these curiously wrought and engrauen. And within the remembrance of man, euen in this age, Poppaea the Empresse, wife to Nero the Emperour, was knowne to cause her Ferrers ordinarily to shooe her coach-horses and other palfreis for her [unspec M] saddle (such especially as shee set store by, and counted more daintie than the rest) with cleane gold. To what excesse and prodigalitie is the world now grown to? Scipio Africanius the second of that name when hee dyed, left no more vnto his Heire in Siluer Plate and Coine than two and thirtie pound weight: and yet this worthie Knight, when hee rode in triumph for the con∣quest

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of the Carthaginians shewed in that solemne pompe, and brought into the chamber of [unspec A] Rome as much treasure as amounted to foure thousand foure hundred and seuenty pounds weight of siluer, a thousand times old. This was all the treasure in siluer that the whole state of Carthage was able to make in those daies; Carthage (I say) that great and proud city which pretended a title to the Empire of the world, and maintained the same against Rome: and yet see! in this age there is as much laid out in our cupboords of plate, and furniture of our tables. The same Africanus afterwards, vpon the winning and finall ruine of Numantia, gaue among his souldiers in a triumph, 17000 pound weight of siluer: O braue souldiers, and worthy so noble a captain, who stood contented with such a reward. A brother of this Scipio, syrnamed Allobrogius, was the first knowne to haue in plate, one thousand pound weight: but Liuius Drusus, whiles he was but Tribune or Prouost of the comminalty, had in siluer vessell as much as weighed eleuen [unspec B] thousand pounds. Now if I should tell you that the Romane Censors vpon a time disgraced; yea and degraded an antient captain and one who in his time had rode in triumph, only for that he had in plate fiue pound weight, it would be taken in these daies for a meere tale and vaine fa∣ble: as also that Catus Aaelius in his Consulship, was found sitting at dinner served with ear∣then vessell of potters worke, when the Embassadors of the Aetolians came vnto him: that he re∣fused also siluer plate presented to him for the furniture of his boord, and to his dying day had neuer in siluer more than two drinking cups, which Lusius Paulus his wiues father bestowed vp∣on him after the defeiture of K. Perseus, in regard of his valiant seruice; wehold it now for no lesse than an vntruth and incredible. And here I call to minde a merry conceited speech that I haue read in the chronicles, of certain Carthaginian Embassadors, who said, that no men in the world [unspec C] had more good fellowship in their houses, and liued more friendly together, than the Romanes, for why? when they feasted one another (say they) the same siluer plate went round about a∣mongst them all from one to another without change. But howsoeuer this frugality whereof I speak may seeme strange and fabulous to the world wherein we liue, certes wee all know this to be true and no fable, that Pompeius Paulinus (the son of a Roman knight or man of armes borne at Arles) was not only banished out of the country and nation where his father was borne, but confined also to the marches of most sauage and barbarous people, and exposed to their cruelty, only for this, That he had in his campe (to the euil example of the army) as much siluer plate as weighed 12 pounds. But long ago it is since the fashion came vp at Rome, that our dames had their beds couered all ouer with siluer, yea, and some dining rooms with tables laid with the [unspec D] same: which inuention came first (as it is reported) from Caruilius Pollio, a gentleman or knight of Rome, who deuised to garnish his bourds with siluer, not couering them full and whole throughout with plates thereof, nor after the manner of Deliacke workemanship, but onely by parcels, and according to the Punicke or Carthaginian fashion. The same Pollio made beds and tables of gold: but not long after, those siluer beds and boords came to the order of those in the Isle Delos. But all this sumptuositie was punished sufficiently and expiat by the ciuill warre of Sylla: for a little before those troubles, this excesse and these superfluities came vp: as also about the same time, men fel to make great chargers & platters of siluer, weighing one hundred pound a piece; of which there were at Rome (as it is well knowne) when the said warre beganne, to the number of fiue hundred and aboue: which was the cause that many a man fell into the danger of proscription and confiscation, for that their rich plate set their enemies teeth on water; who for [unspec E] the loue and desire thereof, practised by all cunning meanes their vtter vndoing. Certes our Historians heretofore, who attributed this cursed and vnhappie ciuill warre betweene Sylla and Marius, vnto such superfluities and vices of those times which reigned so rife, might be ashamed and blush to say so; for our age hath been more hardy, and hath proceeded farther without any such feare of punishment from aboue. No longer since than in the daies of Claudius the Empe∣rour, Drusillanus a slaue of his syrnamed Rotundus (the Seneschol or Treasurer vnder him in high Spaine) had a siluer charger of fiue hundred pound weight (for the working whereof, there was a forge framed beforehand of set purpose:) and the same was accompanied and attended with eight more of a smaller size, weighing 50 pound a piece. Now would I gladly know (if it might please you) how many of his fellowes (such slaues I meane as himselfe) there must be to carry the said vessell and serue it vp to the table: or what guests they mought bee who were to be ser∣u•…•… •…•…ith such huge plate? Cornelius Nepos writeth, that before the victorie of the sayd Sylla 〈◊〉〈◊〉 defeated Marius, two dining tables and no more there were throughout Rome, all of siluer.

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Fenestella saith, that in his time (and he died the last yere of the reigne of Tyberius Caesar the Em∣peror) [unspec G] men began at Rome to bestow siluer vpon their cupboords and side liuery tables: & euen then also (by his saying) Tortoise worke came in request and was much vsed. Howbeit, somwhat before his daies, he writeth, that those cupboords were of wood, round and solid of one entire piece, and not much bigger than the tables whereupon men eat their meat: but when hee was a young boy, they were foure square, and of many peeces joyned together; and then they began to be couered ouer with thin boords or painels, either of maple or citron wood. Soone after, they fel to lay siluer plates vpon them at the corners only, and along the joints where the planks were set together: but by the time that he was come to be a well grown yong man, they were at their drinking mazers or round-bottome dishes like balances, whereupon they were called Staterae: also at those platters, which in old time were named Magides. Howbeit, men rested not conten∣ted [unspec H] to haue furnished themselues with plenty of siluer in their plaine plate and about their hou∣ses, vnlesse the curious workmanship also thereof were more costly than the mettall and matter it selfe. But lest this superfluity should be imputed vnto vs in these daies, be it knowne, that such curiosity was crept into the world long ago: for C. Gracchus had in the furniture of his house, certain vessels of siluer called Dolphins, which cost him at the gold-smiths hand 5000 sesterces a pound: an exceeding price for the fashion and workmanship, considering L. Crassus the Orator had two pots artificially engrauen by the hand of Mentor that cunning workman, the fashion and making whereof cost 100 sesterces a pound: and yet he confessed and protested, that hee was abashed to vse them, and durst not for shame bring them abroad. Moreouer, knowne it is, that he had in his cabinet pieces of plate, which to be bought and sold were worth euery pound 6000 se∣sterces. [unspec I] Briefly, the conquest and reducing of Asia vnder our Empire, was the first occasion that brought into Italy such wastfull excesse: for L. Scipio shewed in triumph of siluer plate, intailed and ingrauen, 400 thousand and 50 pounds weight, besides vessells of gold amounting to the weight of 100 thousand pound: and this was in the yere from the foundation of Rome, 565. But the free donation and bestowing of the said Asia vpon the city of Rome (which fell vnto the Romans by the death of K. Attalus, who in his last will and testament ordained them his full heires) did most hurt vnto our state: and this succession which our Antients injoyed by vertue of that gift, did greater dammage to the integrity of manners, and brought more corruption in∣to our city, than the former victory atchieued by force of armes: for from that time forward men grew to be shamelesse, and without regard of modesty euery mans fingers itched to be tem∣pering [unspec K] with the treasure of K. Attalus, and to buy the same at any price, sold in open port-sale to them that would giue most: which hapned in the 626 yere after the foundation of the city: for in 56 yeres (which was the meane space between the foresaid subduing of Asia and this feoffe∣ment of K. Attalus) our city was well nuzzled and trained not onely in the admiration of such pu∣issant forrein kings and princes, but also in some affectionat loue to their wealth and riches. A∣bout which middle time between, & namely in the 608 yere, reckoning from the first founding of Rome, when Achaia was likewise brought vnder our obedience and subjection, this victory also was a mighty means to bring vs also out of al good order, and to set vs forward to imbrace superfluities and to ouerthrow al honesty and vertue: for now were brought in the stately statues and proud painted tables, that we should want no inticing delights, but that all the pride and [unspec L] pleasure of the world might be found at Rome. Finally, the ruin of Carthage, was the rising of superfluitie with vs, as if the Destinies had so appointed, that at one & the same time we should haue both wil to imbrace vice, & also power & liberty withal to perform sin: so that in regard of our times and the enormities thereof, we may justifie, yea and honor any of our ancestors who seemed before to offend in this behalfe: for, as it is said, C. Marius after he had defeited the Cim∣brians, contented himselfe to drink in a woodden godet and tankerd, after the example of father Bacchus: C. Marius I say, who of a good husbandman in the country about Arpinum, & of a com∣mon and ordinary souldier, came to be a braue captaine and commander in the field.

Notes

  • Quater milli∣es, quad •…•…ingena septuagenamil liapondo: which is foure millions of millions foure hundred & 70 thousand poūd weight. An in∣credible sum, considering that which presently fol∣loweth: and therefore I suppose this place in Pliny is corrupted.

  • This was spo∣ken by way of jest, & 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉: for that al their vessell being plate of pot∣ters clay & no better, seemed alwaies the same: whereas in siluer plate, men were de∣lighted with diuersitie of workmanship, and varietie of fashion.

  • Centum sester∣tiis: a small matter to the former▪ and a∣bout 15 or 16▪ sh•…•… o•…•… our mo∣ny. If you read Sestertium cen∣tum, or centum sestertiis, in the neuter gender, it is a thousād times as much and that were as monstrous.

  • Donata, not D•…•…a, ac∣cording to Bu∣•…•…aeus.

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