The gentlemans exercise Or an exquisite practise, as well for drawing all manner of beasts in their true portraitures: as also the making of all kinds of colours, to be vsed in lymming, painting, tricking, and blason of coates, and armes, with diuers others most delightfull and pleasurable obseruations, for all yong gentlemen and others. As also seruing for the necessarie vse and generall benefite of diuers trades-men and artificers, as namly painters, ioyners, free-masons, cutters and caruers, &c. for the farther gracing, beautifying, and garnishing of all their absolute and worthie peeces, either for borders, architecks, or columnes, &c. By Henrie Peacham Master of Artes.

CHAP. IX. Of the whole bodie.

WHen you are growne something per∣fect in the face, and can draw the head indifferent well, you must be carefull to proportion the bodie thereafter, then the error of which, no one fault is more common with the most Painters: for you shall scarce see one among twentie but will draw the head too big, which if you obserue, you shall find in most pictures: helpe your selfe herein by ••e••ting a boy before you, causing him to stand which way you list, and so to wont your iudgement to the propor∣tion by little & little: hauing finished the head, draw the necke, beginning it with one line from about the tip of the eare, then draw the other downe from the ball of the cheeke (which is lessened on the other side) as farre as you thinke good to the shoulder, where stay, till you haue shadowed it: the shadowes of the neck in a child or young woman are very sine, rare and scarely seene, but in a man the sinewes must be expressed, with the veines, by shadowing the rest of the necke, and leauing them white. For the pro∣portion of the other parts (because Lomazius hath preuented mee: whose booke though it be some∣what obscure•• in any case I would haue you to buy, after you are well entred) I will omit and shew you onely such eminences which by shadow must be ne∣cessarily expressed: after you haue done the neck: you

are to expresse the wing or vpper part of the shoulder by shadowing it vnderneath, the brawne of the arme must appeare full, shadowed on one side, then shew the w••i••t bone therof, & the meeting of the veines in that place, the veines of the backe of the hand, & the knuckles, are made with two or three haire strokes with a fine touch of your p•••••• the pappes of a man are showne by two of three fine strokes giuen vnder∣neath, in a woman, with a circular shadow well deep∣ned, the ribs are so ••o be shadowed, as you doubt whether they appeare or no: except your man were starued, or you should draw death himselfe: the bel∣lie shall be eminent by shadowing the flanke, and vn∣der the breast bone: the brawne of the thigh shall appeare, by drawing small haire strokes from the hip to the knee, shadowed againe ouertwhartly: the knee pan must be showne with the knitting thereof by a fine shadow vnderneath the ioynt; the shinbone from the knee to the instep, is made by shadowing one halfe of the leg with a single shadow, the ankle bone wil shew it selfe by a shadow giuen vnderneath as the knee; the sinewes must seeme to take their be∣ginning from the midst of the foote, and to grow bigger the neerer they are to the toes.

There is a great art in making the foote, wherein your shadowes must take place as occasion serueth, and to say the truth, so they must in the other parts, but naturally they fal as I haue said; for teaching you the true shadowing of a naked bodie; Goltzius is one of the best, whose prints aboue any other I wish you to imitate.

Notes

• Making the head too big, a common fault
• The necke.
• The s••oulder.
• The arme.
• ••he w••ist.
• The knuck••e••.
• The paps.
• The ribs.
• The be••ly.
• The thigh.
• The knee.
• The legge.
• The foote.