The art of dravving vvith the pen, and limming in water colours more exactlie then heretofore taught and enlarged with the true manner of painting vpon glasse, the order of making your furnace, annealing, &c. Published, for the behoofe of all young gentlemen, or any els that are desirous for to become practicioners in this excellent, and most ingenious art, by H. Pecham., gent.

Of the whole bodie. CHAP. 8.

WHen you are grown something perfect in the face, and can draw the head in∣different well, you must be carefull to proportion the body thereafter, then the error of which, no one falt is more common with most painters: for you shall scarce see one among twenty but will draw the head too big, which if you obserue, you shall find in * 1.1 most pictures: help your selfe herein by setting a boie before you, causing him to stand which waie you list, and so to wont your iudgment to the proportion by little and little: hauing finished the head, draw the * 1.2 neck, beginning it with one line from about the tip of the eare; then draw the other downe from the ball of the cheeke (which is lessened on the other side) as far as you think good to the shoulder, where staie, till you haue shadowed it: the shadowes of the neck in a child or yong woman are verie fine, rare and scarcelie seen, but in a man the sinews must be expressed, with the vaines, by shadowing the rest of the neck, & lea∣uing them white. For the proportion of the other parts (because Master Haddocke hath preuented mee, whose booke in anie case I would haue you to buie, after you are well entred) I will omit and shew you onlie such eminences which by shadow must be ne∣cessarilie

expressed: after you haue don the neck, you are to expres the wing or vpper part of the shoulder * 1.3 by shadowing it vnderneath, the brawne of the arme must appeare full, shadowed on one side, then show the wrist bone thereof and the meeting of the vaines in that place, the vaines of the back of the hand, and the knuckles, are made with 2 or 3 heare stroaks with * 1.4 a fine touch of your pen: the paps of a mā are shown by two or three fine stroakes giuen vnderneath, in a woman, with a circular shadowe well deepened, the ribs are so to be shadowd, as you doubt whether they appeare or no; except your man were starued, or you should draw death himself: the bellie shall be eminēt * 1.5 by shadowing the flanke, and vnder the breast bone: the brawn of the thigh shall appear, by drawing smal * 1.6 heare strokes from the hip to the knee, shadowed a∣gain ouerthwartlie: the knee pan must be shown with the knitting thereof by a fine shadow vnderneath the ioynt; the sh nbone from the knee to the insteppe, is * 1.7 made by shadowing one halfe of the leg with a single * 1.8 shadow, the ankle bone will shew it selfe by a shadow giuen vnderneath, as the knee; the sinews must seem to take their beginning from the midst of the foot: & to grow bigger the neerer they are to the toes.

There is a great art in making the foote wherein your shadowes must take place as occasion serueth, and to saie the trueth, so they must in the other parts, * 1.9 but naturallie they fall as I haue saide; for teaching you the true shadowing of a naked bodie; Goltzius is one of the best whom aboue any other I wish you to ••mitate.

Of Shadowing.

That you might better vnderstand what I meane in this last chapter by so manie kinds of shadowes, I will ere I go farther shew you what they be, with their seuerall vses.

The first is a single shadow, and the least of all other, and is proper to the plaine Superficies where it is not wholelie possessed of the light; as for example: I draw a fowr square plate thus, that shaddowe, because there is no hol low, but all plain (as neerest parti∣cipatinge with the light) is most naturall and agreea∣ble to that bo∣die.

[illustration]

The second is the double shadow, and it is vsed when * 1.10 the Superficies begins once to forsake your eies as you may per∣ceiue best in a column as thus: where it beeing darkned double, it presenteth to your eie (as it were) the back∣side, leauing that vnshaddowed to the light. Your treble shaddowe is made by cros∣sing ouer your double shadowe againe, which darkeneth by a third part in this manner, as fol∣loweth.

[illustration]

It is vsed for the inmoste shadow and farthest from the light, as in gulffes, chinks of the earth, wells, caues within houses (as whē you ima∣gine to look in at a doore, or window) vnder the bel∣lies & flanks of beastes to shew the thik nesor darknes of a mygh∣ty wood, that it may seem nulli penetrabilis astro: consequently in al places where the light is beaten foorth, as your reason will teache you.

[illustration]

Generall rules for shadowing.

You must alwaies cast you shadow one way, that is, on which side of the body you begin your shadow, you must continue it till your worke be done: as if I would draw a man, I begin to shadow his left cheeke, the left part of his neck, the left side of the left arme, the left side of the left thigh, &c: leauing the other to the light, except the light side be darkned by the op∣position of an other body, as if three bowles should stand togither, that in the midst must receiue a sha∣dow on both sides.

2. All circular and round bodies that receiue a concentration of the light, as the light of a burning glasse, when it dooth gather it selfe into a small center, must bee shadowed in circular manner as

thus: All per∣fecte lightes do receiue no shadow at all, * 1.11 therefore hee did absurdly, that in the trāsfiguration of our Sauiour in the mounte not gaue his garmentes a deep shadow, but also thin∣king to shewe greate Art, hee gaue the beams of the lighte it selfe a deeper, both which ought to haue beene most glorious, and all means vsed for their lustre and brightnes; which hath been excellently well obserued of Stradane, and Golt∣zius. Where contrary shadowes concur and striue (as * 1.12 those crosse winds about Aeneas his ship) for superio∣rity, let the nearest and most solide body bee first ser∣ued. In the double and treble shadows, let your first strokes be very dry for fear of blotting, ere you crosse them.

[illustration]

It will seeme a hard matter to shadowe a gemm * 1.13 or well pointed Diamond, that hath many side•• and squares, and to giue the lustre, where it ought but if you remember and obserue the right vse o•• your shadowes giuing the light to the lightwarde which I haue taught you, you shall easily do it of you•• selfe.

A merry iest of two Painters.

VVHilest I lay in Huntingdon, there grew a qua••rel between two painters, the one a strau••ger and a Soiourner, the other dwelling in t••••

towne, the ground of which quarrell was a secret aemulation betweene them (as commonly falleth out among tradesmen of one profession) which burst out so farre, that at length one challenged to paint with the other for a wager of 20 nobles; the picture which should be drawn (because the strā∣ger had already made and sold many) was the picture of Christ, and my selfe chosen iudge of the workmā∣ship: great aduice and deliberation was taken on both sides (Now the painter of the towne to shew (as he thought) extraordinary art in shadowing, had laid with charcoale in a deepe blew the cheeks and eies of his picture) at the last, the worke beeing fini∣shed, and both ready to heare my verdict; Newman the stranger who was the better workman so soon as he saw his aduersaries worke, God forgiue me (quoth hee) heers a picture with a witnes, it looks as if it had been beaten black and blew: and I pray you (quoth the other) was not Christ buffeted, whereat certain gentlemen present, and my selfe took so good an oc∣easion of laughter (hee speaking it in an honest sim∣plicity to saue himselfe) that wee could do no lesse then make them both frinds giuing them their mony again; & thus much of shadowing.

Notes

• * 1.1

  Making the head too big, a common fault.
• * 1.2

  The neck.
• * 1.3

  The sholder. The arme. The wrist.
• * 1.4

  The knuckles The paps. The Ribs.
• * 1.5

  Thebelly.
• * 1.6

  The thigh.
• * 1.7

  The knee.
• * 1.8

  The legge.
• * 1.9

  The foote.
• * 1.10

  The double shadow.
• * 1.11

  3.
• * 1.12

  4.
• * 1.13

  5.