The art of dravving vvith the pen, and limming in water colours more exactlie then heretofore taught and enlarged with the true manner of painting vpon glasse, the order of making your furnace, annealing, &c. Published, for the behoofe of all young gentlemen, or any els that are desirous for to become practicioners in this excellent, and most ingenious art, by H. Pecham., gent.

Of drawing the face or countenaunce of a man. CHAP. 7.

SInce man is the worthiest of al crea∣tures, and such pleasing variety in countenances so disposed of by the diuine prouidence, that among ten thousand you shall not see one like another (as well for breeding de∣light, as for obseruing a methode after you haue pra∣ctised according to your former directions in other things) you shall begin to draw a mans face, in which as in al other creatures you must take your beginning at the forehead, and so draw downward till you haue finished.

The visage or countenance is (for the most part) drawn but three manner of waies, the first is full fa∣ced, as commonly we see King Henry the 8 drawne:

The second is 3 quarter faced, as our Flanders and ordinarie pictures are, that is when one part of the face is hid by a quarter as thus:

[illustration]

The third is onlie halfe faced, as you see the pictures of Philip and Mary vpon a twelue pence.

For draught of a full face you must beare in memory and narrowlie obserue the breadth of the fore head, and the compasse of both the cheekes, all which are composed of two lines as thus:

[illustration]

And be carefull to giue as precise an euenesse to one side as to the other; causing both your lines to meete at the tip of the chin: your diameter guideth you for

the euē placing (as I said) of nose & mouth, your other line for the iust oppositiō of the eies between which in distāce for the nose, always leaue the space of an ey

The end of the nose in ordinary proportion must be brought no lower then the middle of the cheek, from whence to the chin is for the most part as far, as from thence vpward to the eie browes.

The nose of a ful face must not be expressed with ap∣parant lines, but with a very fine shadow on each side as you see.

An eie is commonly drawn in this manner.

[illustration]

To make an angry or sterne countenance let your brow bend so, that it may almost seeme to touch the ball of the eie; at what time you must also giue the forehead a fine wrincle or two, and withall the vpper part of the nose betweene the eies.

A great conceipt is required in making the eie which either by the dulnes or liuely quicknes there∣of giueth a great taste of the spirit & disposition of the mind, (which manie times I will not denie may be aswell perceiued by the mouth, & motion of the body,) as in drawing a foole or ideot, by making his eies narrow, and his tēples wrinkled with laughter, wide mouthd, or shewing his teeth &c. A graue or reuerend father by giuing him a demisse and lowly countenauce, his eie beholding you with a sober cast which is caused by the vpper eielid, couering a great part of the ball, and is an especial marke of a sober & staied braine within, Nazianzen when hee beheld Iulian (long time before hee was Emperour of A∣thens,

at the verie first sight of his countenance, (Prae∣saging his future disposition) burst forth into these words; Deus bone, quantum malum fouet romanum im∣perium: for (as he witnesseth himselfe) there was not any signe of goodnes or towardnesse in him, his eies rowled in his head, wandring and turning fearefully now this, now that waie; sparkling with furie & an∣ger, his nose was grown wrinckled with scoffing and deriding the rest of his countenance tending to mockery, his laughter so immoderate that his whole body would shake therwith, his shoulders shrinking to and fro, to his neck: his legges and feete seldome standing stil; his questions and answeares suspitious, rash, and often interrupted by short fetching his breath: by which signes the good man foresawe his inbred tyranny and vile disposition, which after burst forth into an horrible persecution and open rebellion against God and his church. A Graecian Captaine in like manner noting very often the cast of the eie & countenance of Scylla, together with his gesture and motion of bodie, vsed these words: it is impossible but this gentleman one day shoulde prooue a great commaunder, and I meruaile that he is not aduanced all this while: by which examples and the like, I prooue that there is a certaine iudici∣um, or notice of the mindes disposition inly im∣printed by nature euen in the countenaunce, and many times in the the eie or mouth, which (as I haue said) you must be carefull, as you shall haue oc∣casion, warily to obserue.

Now for the mouth (though least of all other a∣ny generall rule may bee giuen for it,) it consisteth

principally of two lines whereof one expresseth the mouth it selfe, the other the neather lippe: the ouer∣lipp is best showen by a shadow cast ouer the crosse line as you see: which shadowe and crosse line if you drawe by the life muste bee hit at an heyres breadth, and if your picture bee little, you cannot thinke so small a thing as giueth or quite ta∣keth awaie the tutch and resemblance of the mouth: and to saie truly it will bee the hardest peece of cun∣ning that euer you shall meet withall: therefore you had need cause the party whome you will drawe to sit as we saie, Vultu composito, without stirring or al∣tering the mouth were it neuer so little: wherefore you shall I beleeue find (a mās face) aboue all other creaturs the most troublesōe vnto you: for either they will smile, be ouerlooking your hand, or setting their countenances to seeme gratious and comely, giue you choyse of twentie seuerall faces.

The proper and ordinary shadowes of the full face.

IT is true that some do affirme, there can be no ge∣nerall rule giuen for shadowing the face; the rea∣son is, euery seuerall countenance hath his proper shadowe as it falleth, fat, lean, swoln, wrinckled with age, or deformed by some other accident: but their argument is much at one with that I remember a Welshman vrged in good sadnes in the schooles when I was Sophister in Cambridge: Wales was ful of hills & dales, Ergo the world was not roūd: but to our purpose, The shadowes that fall naturally in this

face are these, first a single shadowe in the temples, then a double shadow in the corner of the eies, a cir∣cular shadow down the cheek, vnder the neather lip, a little vnder the nosethril, frō the side of the nose to the corner of the mouth, what these seueral shadows and there vses are, you shall know anon.

Of the three quarter face.

The three quarter face, as I haue said, is diminished by a fourth part, where some part of the eie & cheek are taken away by the nose and made lesse: so that the cheek in full sight must not onely haue his due proportion allowed him, but as much of the head & neck as was taken away from the other side.

In this face both the eies ought not to be made of equall bignes, because the eie is lessened with the cheek, as likwise a corner of the mouth; the shadows in a manner are all one with the full face, saue in this the neck & cheek are commonly deeply shadowed.

Of the halfe face.

The halfe face of all other is most easie, insomuch that if you will, you may draw it onely with one line neuer remoouing your hand; in this you are to shew but half an eie, and the eare at full, as you see.

[illustration]

In making a true eare there is some difficulty, where∣fore I haue giuen an example by it selfe.

Notes

• The ful face.
• The 3 quar∣ter face.
• Halfe face.
• The space of an other eie to be left be∣tweene the eies.
• great diffi∣culty in the eie.
• Nicephor. lib 10 cap. 3 7.
• Nazianz. in 2. inuect. contra Iuli∣anum.
• Brusonius lib; 7. cap. 20
• The mouth.