The nauigations, peregrinations and voyages, made into Turkie by Nicholas Nicholay Daulphinois, Lord of Arfeuile, chamberlaine and geographer ordinarie to the King of Fraunce conteining sundry singularities which the author hath there seene and obserued: deuided into foure bookes, with threescore figures, naturally set forth as well of men as women, according to the diuersitie of nations, their port, intreatie, apparrell, lawes, religion and maner of liuing, aswel in time of warre as peace: with diuers faire and memorable histories, happened in our time. Translated out of the French by T. Washington the younger.

The description of Grecia.

Chap. 29.

GRecia amongest other countries in Europe, is the most no∣ble, & most famous, and was first called Helles, of one of the sonnes of Deucalion and Pirrha, and afterwardes Grecia of a king whose name was Grecus, and is so ample, that shee ex∣tēdeth & ioyneth with the sea Mirtee (so called of Myrtile the sonne of Mercurie) drawing by great circulation, from the North to the South, from the East towardes the sea Egee, and from the West, to the sea Ionie, vntil she commeth to ingulfe 5. miles within it, so as it lacketh very little but that in the midst it is cut and deuided. Then againe enlarging her, sometimes of one side & sometimes of another principally towards the sea Ionie, and then agayne comming intoo a lesse breadth then where she taketh her beginning draweth in y^e end to be almost an iland, which aunciently was called Appie and Pelasgie, and since Peloponese by reason of the gulfes and promontories, wherewith they are parted and deuided. But by the modernes is called Moree, being in figure almost like to a plātin leaf: the circuit of the Peninsula, according to Plini•• and Isidore is fiue hundreth seuentie and three paces, but if all the creekes of all the gulfs and promontories should be reckoned, woulde con∣tein little lesse then twise as much, notwithstanding (according to Polibe) besides the borders, containeth about foure thou∣sand stadias or paces, and from the East to the West forty thou∣sand and foure hundreth. Ptolome bordereth the Pelopōnesse of the North, with the gulfe of Corinthe, presently called the gulf of Lepanto▪ and with Istine, and from thence with the sea Creticque. Towards the West and the South, bordereth wyth the Adriaticque sea, and on the East with the sea of Candia, sometimes called Cretique.

The country of Macedonia first called Emathie of Emathias that was king thereof, afterwards Macedonia of Macedon, the sonne of Deucalion, or according to Berose, the sonne of O••y∣ris,

by valiant strength of the great Alexander, obtained before the Empire & Monarchie of the most part of the world habita∣ble, for, hauing passed Asia, Armenia, Iberia, Albania, Capado∣cia, Siria, Egypt, the mountaines of Taur & Caucase, subdued the Bactrians, the Medes, & the Persians, and in the end vanqui¦shed and ouercame all the East partes: & moreouer was victo∣rious ouer the Indians. The Macedonians doe say themselues to be come & descended of Sethim, the sonne of Iaon, & theyr prouinces are Thessalia▪ which (according to Pompone and Pli∣nie) was first called Emone of the king Aemon, since Pelasgie: and againe Hellade & Myrmidone, by reason whereof Homer gaue three sundry names vnto the Thessalians, to wit, Mirmi∣dons, Helenes, & Achees, but at the last was called Thessalia of Thessale, whiche possessed the kingdom▪ The principall citie is Thessalonia vulgarely called Salonicke, vntoo whiche people S. Paul the apostle of Iesus Christ, wrote many godly Epistles. This citie is as yet most ample & rich, inhabited of thre sundry sorts of people, to wit, Christian Greeks, Iewes•• & Turkes: but the number of Iewes (being merchāts very rich) is the greatest: and there are 80. synagogues: their attire on their head is a ye∣low Tulbant safroned, that of the Grecian christians is blew, & that of the Turks white, for that through the same diuersitie of colors, they should be known the one from the other, & are all clothed in long gownes as the other Orientals are. In Thessa∣lia is the mount Pernassus, consecrated vnto the god Apollo, vnto which the people retyred at the time of the deluge in this region, & in the riegne of Ducalion. There is also the mount Pelion vpon the which was celebrated the mariage of ••he king Peleus, with the Nymph Thetis. Neare vnto Thessalia is Mag∣nesia. Moreouer Ethiotes, Dorie, Locre (whereof the inhabitāts were called Ozoles) Phoce, Beoce, hauing taken that name as Plinie writeth, of an oxe which there was sacrificed by Cadmus the sonne of Agenor. In this prouince neare vnto the riuer E∣rimne, are two fountaines of such vertue that the water of the one of them giueth & increaseth memorie to those that drink of it, & the other taketh away the memorie. Beoce stretching from the East to the West, toucheth the sea Eboique, and the

gulfe Etanee famous through the goodly reuowme of the city of Thebes. In this prouince is the mount Citharee, the riuer of Ismenee & the fountaines of Irce & Aganippe, & was the place of birth of the Muses at the wood of Helicon, the natiue coun∣trie of Hercules, & of the father Bacchus (who taught the The∣bans to plant the vines & the vsage of wine) moreouer she was the productrice of the strong & valiant Epimanondas. As for the citie of Thebes so much renowmed by the auncients is at this present but a small castle of little estimation, as likewise presently are the most part of the other Cities of Macedonia, which are altogether desolated & ruined. In Macedonia is the foūtain of Susistige, out of which issueth a poison being of such a strength, that it will not be kept in any other thing thē in the hoof of a horse foot, & is thought of diuers that Alexander the great was poisoned with the same: Ye haue moreouer Attique which took such a name of one of the sonnes of a king named Attis, who after Cecrops, succeeded in the kingdome, or els of Athis the sonne of Cuba, king of the Athenians, but according to others Actique of the king Actron, or of Arcte, which signifi∣eth a coast. And likewise Megare, a region so full of woods and mountains that the most part of the inhabitants are shepherds & keepers of cattel. Of all these prouinces Attike is the princi∣pallest & most famous. In Peloponese which somtimes was cal∣led Rocque, & the most noble prouince of Grecia, are the regi∣ons of Argole & Laconia, which before was named Oebalia, in the which is the citie of Amicle, being the naturall countrie of Castor & Pollux. There is the cape Malee of the modernes cal∣led the cape of S. Ange, being a great enemie vnto the seafaring mē, as before I haue described in the first chapter of the second book. There is moreouer Messenie, which by the Sparthes was brought vnder seruitude, for that oftentimes it was giuē to re∣uolting & seditions, which was the occasiō, that they were more rudely intreated thē other seruāts to take away al their means & strength of reuolting•• After that is Achaie aunciently called Egial, because of the cities in order cituated al alongst her bor∣ders, Ele, Arcadie which hath the name of Arcade the son of Iupiter. In the same is the Palude lerne wher Hercules killed y^e

serpent Hidra that had seeuen heads. There is also the great & impetuous flood of Erimanthe (greatly remembred by diuers Poets and Historiographers) taking his origin of the mounte Erimanthe, wherof it hath taken his name. Moreouer, there is Etolie and Acarnie before called Carte. Epire goeth euen to A∣drie, in these regions the places & cities farre from the Sea, the most notable, and that doe merite to be set out, are Thessalia, Thessalonique & Larisse, anciently Iolque, in Magnesie, Antro∣nie, in Phiotide Phithie, in Locree, Syne, and Calliacre. Plinie in hys fourth booke, the first chapter, sayth, that the Locrians haue been called Ozoles. In Phocide, is the citie of Delphe, ci∣tuated at the foote of the mount Parnasus, and watered wyth the riuer Cephisusi: within the same citie was in times paste a temple, within the which Phoebus or Apollo, the God of deui∣nation according to the errour of the auncients was worship∣ped. In Beoce, Thebes, whiche at this present hath but a little castle stibes, and Citheree, muche celebrated by the fables of the Poets, and in Atticque, is Eluse, consecrated vnto Ceres. But the most renowmed citie of all Grecia is Athens, whiche was builded by Cecrops Diphies, beeing in the dayes of Moses, which called it Cecropia: afterwardes was called Mopsophie of Mopsus, and Ionie the sonne of Ion, the sonne of Xuthe, or els as Iosephus reciteth of Ianus the sonne of Iaphet: & final∣ly of Minerua, for the Greciās called Minerua, Athene, she was the inuentour of all good artes, and industrious liberall scien∣ces, mother & nurse of diuers excellent Philosophers, Orators, and Poets, which through their labors and memorable works, haue gotten immortal praise. But by chaunge of time and vn∣stedfastnesse of fortune this so flourishing a citie is brought to such extremitie & ruine, that at this present there is nothing of estimation left of it, but a little castle, which is called Sethi∣ne, builded on the leauinges of the walles of the auncient and renowmed temple of Minerua. In Migare otherwise called Niscee, is the Citie of Megare, in whiche was borne Euclide, prince of the Geometrians, and thys Cytie gaue the name vntoo the prouince, as Argus dyd in Argos. In Argolide is Argos and Micene, and the temple of Iuno muche renowed

aswell for antiquitie as deuotion. In Laconie is Terapne, La∣cedemone (the seate and habitation of the king Agamemnon) which also was called Sparthe of Sparthus, the son of Phoro∣neus, but presently is called Mysithra. Ther is likewise Amicde, distant twentie stadias from Lacedemon, a country abounding of all good and excellent frutefull trees and other goods, and in the same is the temple of Apollo the most excellent of all o∣thers in that countrie, aswell in riches as cunning building, set in that quarter of the towne, which is towards the sea and the mount Tayget. In Messenia, Messene, and Methon, or Modon, at the siege whereof Philip king of Macedonie, father of Alex∣ander the great lost one of his eyes, with the shot of an arrowe. In Achie is, Pise of Oenomae, Elis, & the Olimpiā tēple of Iupi∣ter, much renowmed because of the Olimpian games, and tho rowe singular deuotion, and a great deale more, because of the excellencie of the image made by the hands of Phydias. Arca∣die is rounde about enuironed of the Peloponesians, and her principall cities are Psefe, Tenie, and Orcomene. The mountes Pholoe, Cillene, Parthene, and Menale: the ryuers Erimanthe, and Ladoen. In Arcadia greatlye florished Prometheus the sonne of Iapetus, who being a man of deep knowledge taught the rude menne to liue ciuillie, hee inuented the natural pour∣tractes with the fatte earth, and was also the firste that stroke fire out of the flint stone, and that taught the Grecians Astro∣logie and therefore the poets doe faine that hee helde vp the heauen. In Etolie is Naupacte vulgarely Lepanto or Epacto. In Acarnania presently called Ducte or Ducat, or Duche, the castle Strate. In Epire is the temple of Iupiter Dodone, and the sacred fountayne, whiche is of such a vertue, that putting into it any burning thing: is sodainly extinguished: but putting into it a bundle of straw, it is foorthwith set on fire. Passing be∣younde the coastes of the promontorie Sepie, by Demetrie, Boic, Pitheleon and Echine, is the passage towardes the gulfe of Pagase, whiche hauing imbraced or enuironed the Citie of Pagase, receiueth into hys hauen the ryuer Sperchie, and this place is renowmed for that the Minies accōpaning Iason when he went to Colchos to conquer the golden fleese, did there go

on land, and deliuered their ship Argo, to goe and driue vpon the greate sea, whiche voyage is so celebrated, that the poets haue fayned this shippe Argo, to haue been taken vp into hea∣uen and vpon this reason doe put it amongest the Celestiall signes. It is needfull and of force that they which this way will go vnto Sunio first to passe the gulfes Maliabe and Opunce of which are the Trophees, sometimes by the Laconians there dis¦comfited & killed) and come vntoo the straights called Ther∣mopyles, which crosse through the midst of Grecia, like vnto the Appenin hilles of Italie. The mountaines are so high that it seemeth almost a thing impossible to get vppe vnto them, but betweene both, there is a valley about threescore paces wide, by the which onely yee can get vp vnto them: through which means these mountainnes haue been called Pyles, which is to say, portes, and by reason of the whot waters that runne out of the same Thermopyles. They were so renowmed by the great discomfitures of the Persians done by the Greekes vnder the conduct of the valiant Leonidas the Laconian, who brauelye withstoode the impetuositie and furor of Xerxes, but in our time they haue not been able to resist or shut vppe the passage vnto the Turkes, of whō all the Grecians haue been ouercome & subued. It hath againe Scatphie Cnemides, Alope, & Larym∣ne. Besides Aulide, wher the assembling of the army, was made by Agamemnon and other princes of Grecia after the league by them made to goe to the siege of Troy. There is also Mara∣thon, a true testimonie of diuers noble prowesses•• celebrated since the victorie of Theseus, and by the great foyle which the armie of the Persians receiued there. yee haue moreouer there Rhamne, a little citie, but famous, because of the temple of Amphia••aus, and the Nemesis of Phidias. Thorique and Brau∣ron, were there sometimes good cities, but now there is no∣thing left of them but the name. Sunio is a promontorie bor∣dering and running along by the sea side of Hellade or Grece, on the side that is towardes the East, and from thence vnto Me∣gare a citie of Atticke, doth turne towardes the South. The fields of the Megarians come vnto Istine, being of a long and streight extēdure of the space of 5000. paces, & entreth into the

sea Egeum, and the sea Ionie. There is the castle Cenchree, the temple of Neptune and the famous games called Istmetiques, instituted by Theseus vpon enuie of those which Hercules had instituted in Olimpe. Corinthe which in time passed was so no∣table of riches, first builded by a Brigand called Sisiphe the son of Eolus in the foure score yeare of the age of Moses, and was called Corcyre or Certhyre and a••terwardes Ephire, after that she was augmented, was ruined and builded againe by Corin∣thus the sonne of Orestes or Iupiter, which after his name cal∣led it Corinthe, whiche signifieth administration or publicque safegarde, and since was againe destroyed by the Romans, and restored by Auguste Caesar, within this citie of Corinthe there was somtimes a temple of great beautie & excellēcie•• dedicated vnto the Goddesse Venus, to whom belonged aboue •• 1000. whores of renowne dedicated to this goddesse according too the Heathen custome, which were common vnto all commers. But now Corinthe is but a little village called Carā tho. In the region of Corinthe is a place nowe adayes called Sydrocapsa, whereas be many fine mines of gold, of which the Turk recei∣ueth an inestimable riches. This prouince bringeth foorth the most fine copper of all Europe, whereof are made vessels verye excellent & of great prise. Frō the most high towre of the for∣tresse, called Acrocorinthe, are seene both the seas, to wit, of Io∣nie and Egee. The mouth & rinage of Peloponese, is deuided with many gulfes & promontories, too wit, towardes the East with Bucephalus, Cherchonese, & Scilee, towardes the South Malee, Tenare, Ac••ite & Ichtis, & towards the West Chelonate & Arasse: frō Istmus to Scilee, do dwel the Epidaures famous & renowmed, for that they haue the temple of Esculape and the Trezeniās, Illustred, for the faith which they alwaies obs••rued in the confederacies whiche they made with the Athenians. Ther are the ports Saronique, Scemte, & Pagone, but as for the townes whiche are on the sea coastes, Epidaure is cituated on the side of the gulfe Saxonique of nature beset and enuironed with high mountaines. The sicke folkes which went•• vntoo the temple of Esculape for to bee healed, slept there in the nyghte and said that Esculape in this manner did heale them in theire sleepe. Troese and Hermione are also cituatid and placed on

the border of the sea Betwixt Scilee and Malee, is Argolique & betwixte this & Tenare, is Laconique, frō thence to Acrite, Asinee, & frō thēce towards Ichtis, Cyparissienne. In Argolic∣que the riuers knowne, are Erasine, and Inaque, & the Castle of Lerne. In Laconique, Githie, and Eurotas riuers: but in Te∣nare is the temple of Neptune, & a caue or Antre, like vnto the same of Pont called Acherusienne. In Assine is the riuer Pamis∣se, and in the Ciparissenne Alphee. And euery one of these are called after the names of the Cities, cituated vpō the sea coast. Cilene and Callipoli, are vpon the riuer of Patras, which aun∣ciently was called Aroe, in which place Saint Andrewe an apo∣stle of Iesus Christ, receiued the crowne of his martirdome. In Epire sometimes called Molosse, by reason of the people Mo∣losses, which somtimes haue reined there, ther is nothing more singular then the gulfe Ambritien. In this prouince are the townes Action, Argy, Amphiloche, Ambratie and Buthroton, vulgarelye Butrinto, the royall citie of Aeacides and Pirrhus. The Partheneans and Dessaretes vsed for their habitation the first countries, amongest which the principall townes are, Ori∣que and Dirrachium, by the auncients called Epidamne, but the Romanes chaunged the name thereof, for that it seemed vnto them almost à Malum Auguriū, & an vnhappie encounter to them that went thither, because that Damnum in their lan∣guage signifieth damage. Neere vnto Epidamne is Apollonie, Salone, Iadere, Narone, Tragure, the gulfe Polatique and Pola, sometimes (as is sayd) inhabited of the Colques. But since as all thynges in the worlde are chaungeable and inconstant, be∣came the Colonie of the Romanes. The riuers thereof are Eas and Nar, and the Danube, which is in that place, and hauing chaunged or lost his name, is called Ister. Eas runneth alongest Apollonie Nar entreth the Pyreans and Lyburnians, and Ister through the Istrians. Tergiste, lying beyond it in the middest of Adrie, closeth and endeth the Illiricque.

Notes

• A generall de∣scription of Grecia.