The Romane historie vvritten by T. Livius of Padua. Also, the Breviaries of L. Florus: with a chronologie to the whole historie: and the Topographie of Rome in old time. Translated out of Latine into English, by Philemon Holland, Doctor in Physicke

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Caius. Cn. Cneus. The forenames of sundrie fa∣milies in Rome.

Calends, was among the Romanes, the day of the new Moone, which fell out with them ordinarily the first of every moneth: so na∣med 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, id est, a calando, because the pettie Pontisie used then to call the people to the court Calabra, and there to pronounce unto them how many daies wer to the Nones of each moneth, &c.

Candidati, were they that stood in election and sued for dignities of magistracie: during which time, they wore whiter and brighter gowns than ordinarie, that they might be the more easily seene and discerned a farre off among others.

Cataphracti, as well horse as foot, were they that were armed at all peeces with complete har∣nesse: and such horsemen were named De∣fensores.

Cataphrati, were engines of warre to shoot ar∣rowes or such like offensive weapons, far off: and by that name was called not onely the instrument it selfe, but the arrow or whatso∣ever was shot out of it: as Turneb. writeth in his 15 Adversar.cap. I.

Censours, Magistrates of State in Rome: whose charge was to valew and estimate mens goods, and enroll them accordingly in their severall raunges. Also to demise unto cer∣taine Fermars, called Publicanes, the pub∣licke profites of the cittie for a rent, and to put foorth the cittie workes unto them, to be undertaken at a price. Likewise to over∣see mens manners, whereby oftentimes they would deprive Senatours of their dignitie, take from gentlemen their horses of service and their rings; displace Commoners out of their owne tribe, disable them for giving voi∣ces, and make them Aerarij.

Centuries, were raunges and degrees of men ac∣cording to their worth, as they were assessed and enrolled by the Censors.

Centuriasa comitia, were those assemblies and e∣lections, wherein the people of Rome gave their voices and suffrages, according to their haviour and wealth, by Centuries. And such were at all times most favourable to the no∣bles.

Circenses ludi (as one would say) Circu-enses. For in the beginning before the great listes and shew-places (called Cirques) were built, the plot of ground wherein were perfourmed the horse-runnings and other masteries, was slanked of the one side with the river, and en∣vironed on the other with swords. Vide Tur∣neb. Adversar.lib. 3.cap.5.

Cistophorus, A peece of silver coine in Greece and those parts neere adjoyning, lesse than Drachma or Denarius: so called of the stamp, representing a man carrying a panier or cas∣ket with holy reliques, in Cybeles mysterijs, in Bacchi orgijs, or Cereris initijs. If it be true, that 7500 of them goe to the Euboicke talent, which conteineth 4000 Denarij, it is just our groat sterling: but if Denarius have proportio∣nem sesquiquartam to it, and that 4 Denarij are 5 Cistophores, (as Glarean collecteth out of Budaeus) it commeth to our teston of 6 pence.

Cloacina, supposed to be the image of Venus, found by K. Tatius in the great vault or sinke con∣veighed under the citie, called Cloaca maxi∣ma. And for that it was not knowne what goddesse it resembled, hee gave it the name of that place. Others say, it is written Clua∣cina, of the old word Cluo (to fight:) for that the Romans and Sabines (readie to strike a battaile) were by meanes of myrtle braun∣ches consecrated unto Venus, pacified and re∣conciled, in that very place where afterwards the said goddesse was by that name worship∣ped.

Coemptionalis senex, Paulus Manutius upon the familiar Epistles of Cicero, giveth this attri∣bute to Scaptius in the end of the third booke of Livie, whereas in all editions it is, Conciona∣lis. Now these Coemptionales senes (saith hee) were those old men, in whose tuition and au∣thoritie, men by their last will and testament left their widowes or daughters; and without whome they might not passe in Dominium viro∣rum per coemptionem, i. be married according to the ceremonie called Coemption, whereby the husband and wife seemed to buy one a∣nother.

Cohort, was ordinarily a band of 500 souldiours; although once or twice in Livie wee read of Quadragenaria cohortes.

Comitium, was a publicke place or Hall within the Forum Romanum, where the people used to assemble for audience of justice, plea∣ding of causes, and other occasions: where∣upon Comitiales dies, were such daies upon the which they might so assemble and meet togi∣ther.

Comitia, or Comices, were the solemn assemblies of the people at Rome, summoned by the ma∣gistrates lawfully; to choose officers, to en∣act new lawes or cancell old, by their voices: whereof were three sorts.

Curiata, instituted by Romulus, Centuriata, by Serv. Tullius. Tributa, brought in by the Tribunes

of the people: and the first author therof was P. Volero.

Curiata and Centuriata, were Auspicata, i. performed with the solemnitie of observing the appro∣bation of the birds, and the Senatours.

Tributa, were held by the Commons only, penes quos non erant auspicia, and required neither Au∣spicia nor authoritatem, i. the allowance of the Patres. And as in Comitiis Centuriatis, the richer and greater men had the vantage; so in Curi∣ata and Tributa, the poorer sort (for their num∣ber) went away with the better.

In the Curiata comitia, at the first (untill Serv. Tul∣lius his reigne) passed the election of KK. and other magistrates, judgements in capitall matters, and lawes. But in latter times, they served onely for two lawes: i. de imperio, or, de re militarium; in which the Consull or others (chosen to their magistracie in Centuriatis co∣mitijs) had authoritie of commaund in the ar∣mie: the other, de adoptione; and these lawes were called Curiatae.

In the Centuriata comitia, from the time of Servius Tullius, passed the elections of Consuls, De∣cemvirs, Tribunes consular, Censours, Pre∣tours, and such greater magistrates; and con∣firmed they were by Curiata. Also, judgement of capitall matters, and the lawes named Centuriatae. In this, there was one Centuria drawne forth by lot out of all the rest, to give their voices first, and that was called Praero∣gativa. After which, were called to their suf∣frages, the Centuries of the first and second Classis, and they were named Primo-vicata: the rest which followed, were called Iure∣vocatae.

Tributa, served for the creation of Tribunes, Ae∣diles of the Commons, and other inferiour magistrates. Also the laws as touching peace, or enfranchising allies, judgements penall and fines, and those ordinances concerning the good of the Commons, called Plebiscita.

Some have thought amisse, that Curiata and Tributa comitia, were both one: but Curiata were more auncient, and of greater state as beeing Auspicata, and ex authoritate Patrum. Herein onely they agreed togither and diffe∣red from the Centuriata, that in delivering their voices, the Tribes and Curiae were in∣termingled: wheras the Centuries were sor∣ted and gave their voice according to their degree, age, and abilitie in the Censors book.

Congius, or Chus, A measure among the Romanes conteining 6 Sextarij, and every Sextarius about 20 ounces: so that Congius receiveth X. librales mensuras; as appeareth by the old pourtraict thereof in brasse, with these two characters, X.P. 1. ten pound. VVhereby in round reckoning it may go for our wine gal∣lon or somewhat better. And for that great persons were wont at first to give dole unto the common people, of wine or oyle by the Congij; all other donatives and largesses of that kind, were afterwards called Congia is.

Consull, one of the soveraign yeerely magistrates in Rome, succeeding in the place of KK. so named, a Consulendo, either of asking counsell of the people and Senat in State matters, and withall giving his owne advise, and providing for the good of the weale-publicke: or else, of judging, for so Consulere signifieth; as when we say, boni consulere. And Livie saith, that Prae∣tores, Consules, and Iudices, may be taken one for another. Two of them were usually chosen e∣verie yeer, as appeareth by the law of the 12 tables: RECIO IMPERIO DUO SUNTO: IIQUE PREAEUNDO, IUDICANDO, CONSULENDO, PRAETORES, IUDI∣CES, CONSULES, APPELLANTOR, &c.

Corona, hath divers significations in Livie. Corona urbem cingere, i. to invest a citie round about with armed men, and to give the assault from all parts at once. Sub corona vendere servos, i. to set slaves in open market, either having guir∣lands on their heads, as the manner was; or environed about with a guard of souldiours, which also is called Corona militum. Sundrie guirlands or chaplets there were moreover, called Corona, wherewith souldiours were re∣warded by their captaines, or they honoured by their souldiours; (besides those that were presented to Generals by their friends and well-willers, or offered to the honour of the gods:) as Obsidionalis or Graminca, which was a wreath of a cuich grasse called Gramen, given to him that delivered an armie from streight sieges, and was by the whole armie bestowed upō that savior. Civica, made of oke branches, for him that in battell saved the life of his fel∣low citizen. Muralis, resembled the battle∣ments of walls; which he received of his cap∣taine, that first skaled the walls and mounted over, in the assault of cities. Castrensis, in forme of a pallaisade or rampier made with pales or strong stakes; the honour of him who first en∣tred the enemies campe. Navalis or Rostrata, pourtraied with the stemmes or breake-heads of shippers, called Rostra; his reward that first bourded the enemies ship, and gave the first meanes of a navall victorie: These were the principall. For, others there were not so ordi∣narie, as namely, Explorateria, garnished and set out with the sunne, moone, and other stars; bestowed upon them that did speciall service in espial and discoverie of the enemies quarters.

Cunia, were parishes in Rome, 30 in number, in∣stituted by Romulus, Certaine halls besides, ap∣pointed for assemblies & convocations about church matters and religion: whereof some were old, called simply Veteres; others new, na∣med Novae. As for Curia Hostilia, it was the or∣dinarie auncient place of publicke counsell within Rome.

Curio, the priest belonging to each Curia or parish aforesaid: and Curio Max. the chiefe superin∣tendent over them all.