Batman vppon Bartholome his booke De proprietatibus rerum, newly corrected, enlarged and amended: with such additions as are requisite, vnto euery seuerall booke: taken foorth of the most approued authors, the like heretofore not translated in English. Profitable for all estates, as well for the benefite of the mind as the bodie. 1582.

¶INCIPIT LIBER SEPTIMVS. (Book 7)

DE INFIRMITATIBVS. CAPVT PRIMVS.

AFTER that we haue (by the help of God) ended the Treatise of the properties of things that per∣fourme and help, and succour and kéepe and saue mans kinde: we shall speake of those things that fall to man against kind, and that destroye and corrupt his kinde.

Thrée things there be that grieue mans kinde, that is to wit, cause of sicke∣nesse, sicknesse it selfe, and accident that followeth sickenesse. The cause of sick∣nesse is it, whereof commeth euill and vnkinde disposition in the bodye, as euill complection, or too great repleti∣on: or too great abstinence, or defaulte of vertue, or chaunging of qualyties, and dissolution and departing of conti∣nuaunce. All those be cause or occasi∣on of sicknesse.

Iohannes sayth, That sickenesse is the thing, whereby the complection of the bodye is grieued and noyed, as by feauers, and postumes, and such other. Accident is a thing that followeth these passions, that commeth and is brought into the bodye, whether it be agaynst kinde or not,* 1.1 as head ache in Cepha∣tico: or not agaynst kinde, as appea∣in Peripleumonia, the chéekes were redde.

Good disposition of bodie is called health, by the which mans body in com∣plection and composition is in such state, that it maye fréelye and persectlye doe his workes and déedes. And if kinde slyde out of his temperatenessie, it falleth into euill and sicknesse. For of distem∣peraunce and vneuennesse of humours, happeneth lyke disease, as feauers, drop∣sie, and such other. And of euill dispositi∣on of members commeth sickenesse and disease, lyke as blearinesse in the eye, and goute in the hande, and of euill dis∣position

both of the humoures, and of members commeth euill vniuersall,* 1.2 as Elephantia or Lepra. Then euery euill is lyke, and infecteth the humours and members that be lyke, as Feauers and such other. Other vnlike, and letteth the lyms office, or els vniuersall, and cor∣rumpeth and destroyeth kinde, within and without.

¶Of head ache, and of the causes & signes there∣of. Cap. 2.

* 1.3 SOmewhat shall be sayde of the properties of these euills and sick∣nesses, of the causes thereof, of the ef∣fectes and doing, signes and tokens, and of remedies of them: not of all, but onelye of those that holye Writ maketh generallye minde of. Therefore héere is no charge of the order of processe.

Then first we shall beginne of the pas∣sione of the head. Esay p••. Euerich a∣king head, &c.* 1.4 The whole head is sick, and the whole heart is heauie, from the soale of the foote, vnto the head, there is nothing whole therein, but woundes and swelling, and sores full of corruption: They haue not bene wrapped, nor bounde vp, nor fastened with oyle.

Constantine sayth, that head ache, is named Cephitica, and commeth in two manners, either of things that be with∣out, as of smiting: or of hotte ayre, that departeth, and dissolueth: or els of colde ayre, that constrayneth. In the se∣conde manner, head ache commeth of some cause that is within, and that ey∣ther of some priuate cause, that com∣meth not but of the head, or some of far∣ther cause, as of the stomacke. And if the ache commeth of a priuate cause, eyther of the faulte of the onely qualy∣tie, namely of coldnesse, or of heate, or els of vice of humours, as of bloud, of fleame, of Cholera, or Melancholia.

* 1.5And if this ache commeth and goeth, it is a token and signe that it commeth of the stomacke. Therefore Galen sayeth, if ache be in the head, and commeth of no cause that is without, then sharpe humoures grieue the stomacke, and if the ache be continuall, it commeth of hu∣mours, and if it come of bleud, the head is hotte, and the forhead heauie. For the sorther parte of the head is the siege and seate of bloud, the eyen come reide, and the veynes of the face be full. And if it commeth of fumosities of Cholera, heate is felte in the nosethrilles, and drynesse in the tongue, waking and thirst lacketh not. Ache is more felte in the right side than in the lefte side, for there is the place of Cholera, the face & eyen be citrine, and the mouth is bitter.* 1.6 If it come of Melancholia, the ache is more on the lefte side then in the right side, with colde and waking and heaui∣nès, and the face is of earthly colour and hiewe, the eyen be hollowe, with blea∣rinesse, and sowrenesse of the mouth.

If it com••ieth of fleame, there follow∣eth ache that grieueth. Superfluities come out of the nose and at the mouth, and sometime with cough and beanye sighings and groanings: the face is pale, and somewhat swollen, the eyen are bleared, the mouth is wearish and vnsauorye: and the ache more in the hinder part of the head, for there is the place of fleame, and commeth ofte of fleame in winter in olde men, and com∣meth neuer by it selfe, but of some other euill, that commeth before.

For in some euills féeding fleame is rauished to the braine, by working of heate of feauers, that maketh it smooth, and is gathered in the hinder cell, be∣cause of lykenesse, and bréedeth a Po∣stume: the signes thereof are continu∣all Feuers, vryne discouloured, and the sayd oppressing and wringing of the eyen, and false sléepe: and if the sicke man bée called, vnneth he aunswereth. Therefore in Libro Institutionum Ga∣len sayeth, That it néedeth to know, that the head is departed in thrée parts or in foure. For bloud hath masterie in the for••head, and Cholera in the right side,* 1.7 and fleame in the nolle of the head.

Head ache commeth in this manner, and in many other, as of sharpnes & do∣ing of strong wine, y^e smoke wherof pin∣cheth

and pricketh the small fells of the braine, and bréedeth great disease in the head. Huc vsque Constantinus.

¶Of medicine and remedies for ache and paine of the head. Cap. 3.

THe head is grieued within with an ache and an euill that Phisiti∣ons call Emigranea, as saith Constant.* 1.8 And he saith, this ache and euill is most griuous: for who that hath that euill, feeleth in his head, as it were beating of hammers, and may not suffer noyse, nor voyce, nor light, nor shining. And this euill is of cholarike smoake with hotte winde and ventositie, & therefore he fée∣leth in his head putting & pricking, bur∣ning and ringing. Also the head is grie∣ued specially without in the skinne with pimples, and whelkes, and scabs, out of the which commeth matter much lyke to honie, and therefore Constant. calleth such a scab, Fauum an honie rombe: for such whelkes haue small hoales, out of the which matter commeth, as honie out of the honie combe. And this euill com∣meth of vicious and gleymie humour, which commeth to the skin of y^e head, and bréedeth therein pimples & whelks. Also the head is ofte diseased with a fa∣miliar passion, that children haue ofte, & by Constantin that euill is called Squa∣ma, a scall, and we call that euill Tinea a Mothe: for it fretteth and gnaweth the ouer part of the skinne of the head, as a Mothe frelteth cloath, and cleaueth thereto without departing, holding the skinne right fast. And such an euill brée∣deth passing great itching and fretting & clawing, of that itching falleth manye scalls. This euill commeth often to chil∣dren that haue great plentie of bloud, & for softnesse of the skinne, and for plen∣tie of meate and drinke.

This infirmitie doth come of rume,* 1.9 and winde intrussed in the head, and cannot get out but by medicines: the easiest remedie to cure the same, is stemulations and mustard layd to the temples.

¶Constantine sayth, that meate and drinke ought to be withdrawen from such children, and to haue it but mode∣rately. Then when the humour is auoi∣ded, thero ought to be done thereto oynt∣ments and other remedies. And also Constantine saith, that to children suc∣king, the best remedie is, to let them bloud in the veines behinde in the carrs, and to annoynt the sore place with the same bloud, while it is hot and subti••l: for with the heate and sub••••••tie therof, it openeth the poores, and entereth, and departeth, and wasteth, and destroyeth the matter. And because that often these scales cleaue to the rootes of the haire, it maye not be easely cured and healed, but if the matter be first drawen out of the head right by the roote: the which euill and malady if it be olde, vnneth it may be healed and saued. Also vnneth suche scall or scurffe is healed, but that some token of scaldnesse or pyldnesse is lefte and senne alway afterward. Also y^e head is grieued without, in losing the hight∣ing thereof, as when the haires of the head fal away, and the head wereth bald. as it is rehearsed and said before in the fifte booke, in the chapter De Capillis, looke therein diligentlye. Also the head suffereth in the haires therof, a fretting, gnawing, and vnhightinesse, that Phisi∣tious call Furfurisca. For sometime in the head by the rootes of the haire,* 1.10 breed scalles, like to branne, and commeth of the vice of the brain, either of the fumo∣sitie that commeth of the head to nouri∣shing and féeding of the haire: but this vncleannesse must busilye be helpe with cleansing, washing, and with medicines: lyke as lyce, nittes, and small wormes must be voyded out of the head, by need∣full medicines. Constantine sayth short∣ly, that the foresayd passions of the head be holpe in this manner. If the ach and sore commeth of euill humours, and of repletion thereof, as of euill bloud, or of other euill humours: we shall let the Patient bloude in the veyne that is called Cephalica,* 1.11 and cleanse the bodye with couenable medicines and purgati∣ous, and namely if it be of the matter, that is in the stomacke, it is needefull to make the patient spewe, and bring out

the matter with couenable medicine, and when the body is cleansed and pur∣ged, then men should poure warme wa∣ter on the head, handes, and feete to open the poores, and that y^e fumositie may the eas••lyer passe out of the body: and if the hinder part of the head aketh, then wée must open the broad beyne in the fore∣head, and drawe out bloud. And Con∣stantine sayeth,* 1.12 That it is good to garse the legges beneath, that the humoure••, fumositie and spirites that are cause of the head ache, may be drawen from the head downward to the nether parts: and if the forther part of the head aketh, we must cause the nose to bleede: and if the humour be hot and cholaricke, we shall helpe it with colde medicines and moist. The temples, the nosethrills, & the veins and pulses, we shall annoynt with wa∣ter of Roses, and milk of a woman that feedeth a male child, and labour to bring the patient a sleepe. And if the matter be colde and gleynne in the mouth of the stomacke, when the matter is defied, we must giue a spoonefull of medicine Co••la∣tura vomitus Patratiue.

* 1.13Beware of Garlyke, Onyons, ••hy∣bolls called Scalions, heady wines, han∣ging downe the head, of Venerius acts, and surfetting the stomack. And if the matter be in the ground of the stomack, we must bring it out with couenable medicines, & vse balmes and ointments that be meanly hot, & di••t y^t is meanly hot, & so it is to vnderstand, & so we hele contraries with contraries.* 1.14 And if the head ache be without vicious humour, and commeth of some passing qualytie, then the patient needeth no purgation but rather alteration. And if the faulte be in qualities: we must vse contrarye ••••alities. And if the ache commeth of too great repletion of meate or of drinke, as it fareth in ••lu••tous or dronkē men: then the best remedie is to drinke hotte water in great quantitie, and then with in a while after, busie him for to spew••. If thou wilt vse strong medicine, goe to the Booke called, Viati••o Constan∣tins. This sufficeth to the readinesse of a wise man.

¶Of the Pose. Cap. 4.

IVdith. 8. Burning heate came vp∣pon Manasles head, and he dyed, &c. Manasles the husband of Iudith,* 1.15 as he was diligent ouer them that bounde sheaues in the fieldes, the heate came vpon his head, and he dyed at Bethuha his cit••••, and was buried beside his fa∣thers.

The cause of hasting of Monasses death, was immoderate and passing run∣ning of ru••e out of the head to the in∣ner parts, and by that vyolence of burn∣ing heate, dissoluing and shedding the humours of the head, as ••arnard touch∣eth. Such a running heate as Phisiti∣ons meane, commeth in the head, of ma∣ny and diuers causes: sometime of hot aire, dissoluing and shedding fleeting hu∣moures: sometime of colde aire thrust∣ing and wringing the brayne, and wrin∣ging out the partes that are most fleet∣ing: sometime of great abundaunce and plentie of humours, which runne and droppe out for straightnesse of place and of holding, and that commeth of the inner heate, that dis••olueth, and de∣parteth, and sheddeth the humours. Or of colde thrusting and wringing out, or of moyst, that maketh slypper & sliding: and sometime of fleeting and running and shedding themselues: sometime of feeblenesse of the vertue of h••lding.* 1.16

The running that commeth of too great plentye of humours, hath such signes and tokens, The bodye is plectoricke and repl••ate, the place is some deale swollen with slype eyen, great super∣fluitie commeth out of the nose, and at the mouth: and the bodye is heauye. If the running rume commeth of dissol∣uing heate, these be the signes and to∣kens, The face is redde with redde veynes namely in the eyen, there be yet running hotte teares biting the eyen, and heating the skinne, and the heate is felte deepe within. If it commeth of colde thrusting and wringing, it is kno∣wen by those tokens: the face is pale, the teares be cold, and colde is felt deepe within.

If it come of fléeting humours and thinne, it is knowne by great superflui∣tie that commeth out of the nose and mouth, and by dropping and gleiming therof. Then if superfluitie be the cause, the cure is by voiding of superfluitie, namely, if the running humours run to the spiritual members by out thrusting and wringing. If the running be colde and moist, best remedie is the contrary, hot and drie, withholding & wasting the humour, as Laudanum, Thus, Storax, & Castorium. If the running be hot, bée it refrained w^t colde bauming, as with sée∣thing of roses & raine water, & with the same roses held to the nosethrills. Also as long as the running of such a rume is violent, no plaister nor ointment shal be done thereto, for then y^e dissolution & running shuld be the more, as saith Cō∣stant. nor none other water shalbe pow∣red on the head, but water of roses or of Wi••••ies, if the rume commeth of heat.* 1.17

¶Of the phrensie, and the causes and remedyes thereof. Chap. 5.

DEuterenomij. 28. Our Lorde shall smite thée with woodnesse, and losse of wit and of mind, and with stonings, &c. Heere hee calleth woodnesse phrensie, that Constantin discribeth in this man∣ner. Phrensie (he saith) is an hot postume in certeine skins and tels of the braine,* 1.18 and therevpon followeth waking & ra∣uing. And so phrensie hath that name Frenesis, of frenes, fells that beclippe the braine. And it cōmeth in two māners ei∣ther of the red Cholera chased & made light with heat of it selfe & of feauers, & made woode and rauished vpwarde by veines, sinewes, wosen, & pipes, & gathe∣red to a Postume, & so into the kinde of ph••ensie: or else it commeth of fumosity & smoake, that commeth vpward to the braine, & distroubleth the braine, and is called Perafrenesi, y^t is no very phrensie, and the phrentike person suffereth ma∣ny dreadful accidents, as too great thirst, drinesse, blacknesse, and roughnesse of tongue, ••••l great griefe and anguish, and rough, and sowning for default of spi∣rits, and chaunging of kinde hea••e into vnkind. The patient is red, if it come of bloud, and Citrine, if it come of Chole∣ra. This passion commeth to hot men & dry in Summer: and al those haue com∣parison to cholera. Parafrenesis cōmeth of binding togethers and company of other members, as of a postume of the stomacke, or of the mother, & when these members be brought to their own for∣mer state: then the braine turneth again to his owne good state: & then this euill Parafrenesi is cured, and then the man is saued. But if the postume be in the substance of y^e braine, then is the phren∣sie worst and most grieuous: & therefore most perillous. These be the signes of phrensie, discouloured vrine, during the Feauer, with woodnesse and continuall waking, moouing, and casting about the eyen, raging, stretching, and casting out of handes, moouing and wagging of the head, grinding, and gnashing to∣gethers of the téeth, alwaye they will arise out of theyr bedde now they sing, nowe they laugh, nowe they weepe, and they bit•• gladly, and rent their keeper and Leach, seld bee they still, but crye much. And these be most perillouslye sicke, and yet they wot not then that they be sicke. Then they must bée soone hol••en least they perishe, and that both in diet and in medicine. The diet shall be full scarce, as crums of bread, which must many times bee wet in Water. The medicine is, that in the beginning the patients head bée shauen, and wa∣shed in luke warme Uineger, and that he bée well kept or bounde in a darke place. Diuerse shapes of faces and ••em∣blaunt of painting shall not bee shewed before him,* 1.19 lest he be tarred with wood∣nesse: all that be about him, shal be com∣maunded to be still and in silence, men shal not answere to his nise words. In the beginning of medicine he shal be let bloud in a vaine of the forhead, and bleed as much as wil fill an Egge shell. Afore all thing (if vertue & age suffreth) he shal bleede in the head vaine: by medicine di∣gestion shalbe procured, & red Coler ••uē∣ched. Ouer al things w^t ointmēts & bau∣ming, mē shal labor to bring him asleep.

The head that is shauen, shall be plai∣stered with lungs of a Swine, or of a Weather, or of a sheepe, the temples and forhead shal be anointed with the iuyce of Letuse or of Popie. If after these me∣dicines be laide thus to, the woodnesse dureth three daies without sleeping and discouloured vrine: there is no hope of recouering: but if y^e vrine begin to take good coulour, and euil signes wexe lesse, there is hope of recouering.

Addition.

* 1.20AS concerning phrensie or madnesse, which is a disease very daungerous to cure, if the vitalls be ouer ruled by a strong spirit, as all diseases, are spirites seueralles, so this disease of phrensie is a token of a déepe displeasure from God, when it remaineth vnto the ende in the possessed, as plainely appeareth. Also the same disease with diuerse others, ha∣uing bene a long time, and many thou∣sand yéeres past, powred on man, decla∣reth vnto vs the greate wickednesse of former ages, and as I am assured, to this ende, that as we in these latter a∣ges doe abhorre so lothsome infections, shoulde also for the auoiding of them, hate and resist the causes of their conti∣nuall increasings, which cause is, the wicked desires of the flesh, no lesse pro∣curing the same, but rather more then in times past. Yet such euer hath ben, that wonderfull goodnesse of God to man ward, first to blesse, forth from whose blessings procéedeth great prosperitie to the bodily benifit, as Exaltation, digni∣tie, renowne, honour and worshippe, to gouerne not onely men, but Diuells, in the subduing whereof, the benefit of the blessing appeareth, if thus blessed on earth, much more blessed are those in heauen: Contrary for a iust reuenge of contempt, followeth the curse, and with it commeth depriuation, indignitie, bon∣dage, dishonour, and reiection, on earth vnto man, from heauen vnto God, on the body, y^e Pestilence, y^e Consumption, the Feauer ague, the veruent heat, the Swoord, blasting, Mildewe, the heauen shall be a brasse, that is, there shal come no moistnesse to comfort the earth, the Botch of Aegypt, the E••••erodes, the scab, the itch, that thou canst not be hea∣led. And the Lord shall smite thée with madnesse and with blindnesse, and with astonieng of the heart. Phrenitis is a Gréeke worde, and signifieth disguised vsage constrained, also Sy••sen or Kara∣bitus, the barbarous word is Frenisis, in English, a phrensie or madnesse: an im∣postumation bread & ••gendered in the Pellyc••es of the braine, named in La∣tine Pia mater, the which Apostumati∣on, doth make alienation of mans mind and memorie. There is another acci∣dent Phrenyse, the which is ioyned with another sicknesse, as a Phrensie with a Feauer, or with a Plu∣ris••e, and such other lyke, which disease doth commonlye come of a bylous hu∣mour, oppressing the braine, in some an inflation, or fume of corrupt ayre: The accident Phrensie commeth two waies, through hot fume ascending from the stomacke to the braine, y^e second through colligation of the nerues and sinewes, which the braine hath with the mid∣driffe. If hope of cure bée, then let the patient bloud forth of Cephalica vena, restraine the possessed of his will, which commonly is to murther, not too hotte, temporate ayre, and diet, and for a time darknesse, to take away the imagination that commeth by the sight, yet there is one kinde of phrensie or madnesse that is worse then all these, which is disdain of knowledge of the truth, wilfull af∣fection, ignoraunce, and hate to bée re∣formed, from the which miserable bon∣dage, good Lorde deliuer the oppressed, and comfort the reléeued. Timerousnes is a king of weake distemperaunce, which if it continue, it bréedeth Luna∣cie, phrensie, and madnesse, the best cause to cure the abundance of distempered bloud, is musicke, and merrie company, little meate, sweete smells, and cleanlye lodging, because it commeth of a grose and watrie humour, thicke, that doth stifle the vitalls.

¶Of Madnesse and the causes and signes thereof. Chap. 6.

* 1.21AMentia and madnesse is all one as Plato saith, Madnesse is infection of the formost cel of the head, with pri∣uation of imagination, lyke as melan∣choly is the infection of the middle cell of the head, with priuation of reason, as Constant. saith in libro de Melancolia. Melancholia (saith he) is an infection y^t hath mastry of the soule, the which cō∣meth of dread and of sorrow. And these passions be diuerse after the diuersity of the hurt of their workings: for by mad∣nesse that is called Mania, principally y^e imagination is hurt. And in the other reson is hurted.* 1.22 And these passions come somtime of melācholy meats, & somtime of drinke, of strong wine, that burneth the humours, & turneth them into ashes, sometime of passions of the soule, as of businesse & great thoughts, of sorrow, & of too great studie, & of dread: sometime of the biting of a woode hounde, or of some other venimous beast: somtime of corrupt and pestilent aire that is infect: somtime of the mallice of a corrupt hu∣mour, that hath the mestry in the bodie o a man prepared to such sicknesse: and as the causes be diuerse, the tokens and signes be diuers.* 1.23 For some cry & leape, & hurt & wound themselues & other men, & darken & hide thēselues in priuy & se∣cret places: of whose disposition & diffe∣rence it is rehearsed before in the fifth booke, where it is treated of the passion of y^e braine. The medicines of them is, y^t they be ••ound, that they hurt not them∣selues and other men. And namely, such shall be refreshed & comforted, & with∣drawen from cause & matter of dread & busie thoughts. And they must be glad∣ded with instruments of musick, & some deale be occupied. And at the last, if pur∣gatiōs & electuaries suffice not, they shal be holpe with craft of Surgery.* 1.24

Of gauring and forgetfu∣lnesse. Chap. 7.

* 1.25DEut. 28. God shall smite thée with blindnesse. and another letter saith Stupore. And Stupor is called a dis∣ease of the soule, and Constatine sayth, Stupor is blindnesse of reason: And it is, as it were sleep within the eyen clo∣sed, when for default of spirits the soule déemeth not nor discerneth things, that be sensible seene: As the Sodomits were s••atten at Lots gates, as the glose saith Gen. 30. and Sap••. vltimo. Constantine saith, that this Stupor gau••••••g com∣meth in two manners: For either it cō∣meth of perturbation that taketh no heed: or it commeth of superfluitie of hu∣mours, that stoppeth & letteth y^e wayes of the spirits in the braine, as it fareth in dronken men: or else it commeth of cold aire, that presseth & wringeth the si∣news of feeling, as it fareth in them that be frosen in Ise, or in Snowe. Also it cōmeth of complection of all the braine, as it fareth of Apoplexia, an euill y^t ta∣keth away mouing and feeling, & also in Litargia, the sléeping euil. And also Stupor is called a letting and stunieng of the lims, & a crooking of the vtter parts of the body, when for colde it séemeth y^t the lims shrinke & slee••e. Damascenus speaketh otherwise of Stupor, & sayth that Stupor is a wondring of a newe thing, &c. Héere Stupor is taken for a manner sléeping sobernesse, the which is a certeine disposition of full grieuous sicknesse, & namely to Litargi•• that is a postume bread in the hinder cell of the head, & hath that name Litargia of Le∣thos, that is forgetting, for it induceth forgeting. It is oft in old men & in win∣ter, & commeth of fleme: And it cōmeth neuer it selfe, but it commeth alway of some former sicknesse: for in some sick∣nesse fleme is bred by working of a se∣uer heate and boiling, is rauished vp to the braine: And in the hinder cell it is gathered together by reason of accord & likenesse, & gendreth a Postume, whose tokens be continuall ••eauer, vrine dis∣couloured and thick, shr••sting of y^e eien, false sléepe, and if the patient be called, vnneth he answereth, & if it hap that he answereth he raueth, & speketh vanity: he lieth vpright, and if he be turned for a time to lye ••n his side, by his owne rease he turneth himselfe anone, and lyeth vpright, and is full cold in the vt∣ter parts. The remedye of this is, that the sicke man be laied in a light place,

and that there bee talking and greate speaking and disputation, and that he be drawen and haled strongly by the haire of his beard and of his head, and that his face bée ofte washed with colde water•• and his féete froted oft vnder the soles, and that s••inking thing smoaking bee put to the neather partes, as Goates horne burnt, and such other. And ouer all thing he shall haue a clister, & snee∣sing shal be excited, the head shal be sha∣uen & froted with things that openeth the poores, and annointed with mustard & with such other: snéesing in this cause is best token and signe. If sléepe conti∣nue & quaking, with mouing of armes, and gnashing of téeth followeth theron, it is token soone of death. And take heede, that if hee that hath the phrensie falleth in Litargi, that is the worst. And if he that hath Litargi, falleth into phrē∣sie, it is good. All this I haue drawen out of Plato and Constantine.

Of Giddinesse. Chap. 8.

OUR Lord hath medled spirit of gid∣dinesse. Esaye. 19. The Lorde hath mingled among them the spirit of er∣rours: and they caused Aepypt to erre in euery worke thereof, a•• a dronken man staggereth in his vomit, in stead of the spirit of wisdome the Lord hath made them giddy, with the spirite of errour. Constantine saith, that giddines is false dome and corruption of the sight and of the spirite of feeling: For by that dome it seemeth sodeinlye that all thing goeth about and is darke. The cause thereof is too much plentie of hu∣mours with ventositie meddeled. For those humours moue in the head, with ventositie that commeth vp from y^e bo∣die, and from the stomacke to the brain. If this euill be onely in the braine, the patient féeleth heauinesse in the head, noyse in the hearing, and corruption in the smell: and such a giddinesse passeth not easilye. And if it commeth of the stomacke, the patient ••éeleth abhomina∣tion, and wambling, & ach in the mouth of the stomacke: but such giddinesse com∣meth and goeth. For when the fumosity commeth vp, thē the giddince beginneth: & when it commeth not vp then it cea∣seth. The remedie héereof is, if other things letteth not, the patients foot shal be set in hot water. And he shall be let bloud, and vse medicines purgatiue, and forbeare wine, for wine dissolueth: & he shall forbeare swelling meats & great. And spewing shall bee excited,* 1.26 for that is still good.

Of Waking. Chap. 9.

WAking ouer measure is default of might to sléepe, and is an euill of the braine contrary to Litargi. And this euill commeth of too greate moouing of the braine, and drinesse of redde Colera, or blacke, of intemporate heate, and of too salt humours. Of all those commeth inordinate waking, and anguish follow∣eth, coulour chaungeth,* 1.27 & busie thoughts increase, and rauing and vnreasonable suspecions, the bodye wexeth leane and drie, the vertue of digestion is corrupt, all mans complection chaungeth, the eye liddes and face swelleth, and full euill sicknesses bréed in the bodie. That these perish not, men shall hastelye pro∣uide a medicine to cure them. Men shall annoint their faces and temples with things that bréede sleepe, womans milke is good to bring them on sleepe, the body shall be fed with good meats. Looke afore in lib. 6.

Of the Faling sicknesse.* 1.28 Chap. 10.* 1.29

HE fell downe to the earth foming, &c. Mat. 9. Constantine and other authours call the falling euill Epilencia, and in olde time this euill was cal∣led and named Gods wrath:* 1.30 As Con∣stantine sayth, Epilencia is a meist hu∣mour, by the which the chambers of the braine be not perfectly stopped, the which humour letteth the soule that i•• the spirit of feeling,* 1.31 to declare his wor∣king & dooing, vntil the way of the brain be vnstopped of that humour. This euil is called in passion Yeranoxon, that is the holy passion, for it occupieth the ho∣ly

part of the body, that is the head. And it is called Hercudis also,* 1.32 for it is strong as Hercules was. Also it is called the fa••ling euil, & hath that name of y^t doing therof: For it stoppeth the sinews, & ma∣keth the members, that be instruments of vertues, poore of the gouernaunce of spirits, & destroieth them. And therefore in this euil men be compelled to fal. Al∣so this euill Epilencia is nigh of y^t kind of Apoplexia: for one is the place of both, & the matter, of the which they bée bread: for it is colde and cleauing. And they be diuerse in that that Apoplexia stoppeth all the chambers of the braine, with priuation & diminution of feeling, and of moouing: And Epilencia letteth not all, but the principall chambers of the braine, & hath the name of Epi, that is aboue, & Lenpsis, that is hurting: for namely it grieueth and hurteth the ouer parts, also it is called childrens euil, for oft children haue that euil. He that hath this euill falleth sodeinly, the mouth is drawen awrye & a side, & the face also, with quaking of the neck, of y^e noll, & of all the bodie, with grislye grashing of the téeth, and foming at the mouth, and outputting of many superfluities. Phi∣sitions call this falling euill the lyttle Apoplexia, & commeth of thrée causes, as Constantine sayth, eyther of flema∣tike or melancholyke humoures, that bréede in the further part of the braine, or els of ventositie colde and grose that hath the mastry ouer the braine, or ouer some other mēbers, or ouer the stomack. For there is a humour bread in that member, and the smoke therof commeth vnto the braine, and with the thicknesse of that smoake, the wayes of the spirits of féeling are stopped, and thereof com∣meth the falling euill. Constantine sayth, That this disease commeth at a certeine time. Therefore Galen sayth, y^t Epilencia, that commeth in y^e wering of the Moone, betokeneth, that the kinde thereof is moyst. For all thing that is moyst increaseth, when the Moone wex∣eth. And the kind of this euill that com∣meth in waning of the Moone, is most colde, and some deale moyst.

There bee thrée kindes of Epilenci, as there are thrée manner of places that it is in. One manner euill of this kinde is called Epilepsia, and is in the head, and commeth of matter that is onely in the braine, another is called Analepsi∣a, and commeth of matter that is in the stomacke, not in the hollownesse but in the sinewes and arteries of the stomack, by meane of which boiling matter is rauished to the braine. The thirde is called Catalepsis, and commeth of mat∣ter that is in the vttermost partes, as in the hands and ••éet; and is knowne by his owne signes and tokens. For they that haue and bée possessed of that euill Catalepsis, féele and knowe when the euill commeth. For they feele a manner grudging as it were by the noyeng of Amptes,* 1.33 or mouing of some manner winde of the matter that commeth vp∣ward: And often for shrinking and streightnesse of the vtter parts, they bée kept from falling, and as Galen sayth, often these haue the Feuers. For with∣out boiling and séething, heate of Fea∣uers, vnneth may the matter be raui∣shed from the neather parts to the ouer. They that haue and be possessed of that manner euill that is called Analepsia, are sore grieued with repletion of the stomacke, and namely in digestion and bolking, and of loathing of meate. And also they be ware afore of their falling. And they that haue that euill that is called Epil••psia, they féele not afore hād, when they shall fall, but they trauaile with continuall griefe of the head: These euills come sometime of bloud, and of fleame, and oft of Melancholia, and these causes bée knowen by theyr owne signes and tokens, and namely by disposition of the body, Sanguine, Fle∣matike, or Melancholyke. By a red face, pale, and wanne, by age, by coun∣trie, and by dyet. If it commeth of me∣lancholy, it grieueth and hu••teth most in the waning of the Moone: If it com∣meth of bloud or of fleme, it sheweth it selfe most in the ful of the Moone. These euills bée most during, and harde it is to heale them, but yet medicine and dyet helpeth them. It needeth that they absteine themselues and spare euill

meates, and from the seruice of Venus, and great companye and gathering of men: For in such places oft theyr axes taketh them.* 1.34 Them needeth to vse good meates and light and temporate, more in the morow tide, and little or naught at euen. And they should temporatelye drinke wine, and bee purged with me∣dicine, as the humour that is in the fault requireth. The expediment of Pla∣to against Epilence, he saith, that men shall by garsing drawe out thrée drops of bloud of the shoulders,* 1.35 and profer thē with a rauens egge, to the patient, in the end of his acces. Also he saith, that the Egges of a rauen helpe much.* 1.36 Also he sayth, y^e P••any borne & dronken helpeth much: and this confirmeth Galen, Con∣stantine, and Dioscorydes. And he saith, that the Ruynnyn of an Hare dronke, helpeth much the Epilentike, that is him that hath the falling euill: for that Ruynnin letteth the humor to be dissol∣ued and shed, the which humour com∣meth vp and stoppeth the braine. And he sayth, that the liuer of an Asse roasted helpeth, if it be eaten, and the liuer of a Goof, if it bée giuen to them that haue that euill, it moueth and stirreth that euill. Constantine telleth many other experiments, of the which we shall not speake at this time.

* 1.37These three kindes of falling euils, Epilepsia, in their falling foame at the mouth, and this is the common falling, sicknesse. Analepsia, where they doe fall, they shall defile themselues, & not some at the mouth. Catalepsia, whether they be taken open eyed, or halfe clo∣sed, yet for the time they shall see no∣thing, neither can they moue or stirre, heare nor speak, and seemeth dead for a space: Purge rume, which is the chie∣fest cause of this infirmitie.

Of sneesing. Chap. 11.

JOb. 41. His snéesing, &c. Constantin saith,* 1.38 That snéesing is a violēt mo∣uing of the braine to put out superflu∣ous fumosities thereof: and it commeth of diuerse causes. For sometime kinde self worketh and laboureth busily to put out of the braine superfluities of smeak that bée cause of euill: or of breeding of some vire. For mane braine is more moyst then the braine of other beastes. And so humours, that be there gathered be put out with sneesing by help of kind. And sometime sneesing commeth of strength of euill & sicknesse, more thē by outputting of kinde: as it happeneth in Corica & Peripleumonia. So it fareth in stopping of the nose by fifth, and & also in a postume of the lungs. Also snéesing commeth sometime in this mā∣ner: The pipes of the mans nosethrils be short: & therefore hurtfull things come soone to y^e braine from without, as dust, cold aire, heate of the Sunne, and such other. And when such things come to the brain, it moueth to put them of with his mouing and strength, and so com∣meth snéesing: The which if it chaunce when one is vexed with a sharp ague: or without rume, it is a good token For it betokeneth y^e kinde is comforted, to put off things y^e annoieth it. And if it come with a rume, it is an euill token. For it betokeneth plentie of euill matter, and therfore snéesing is Sintenica & incresing of rume. And therfore in Pluresie (a po∣stume on the ribs within) and other such euills of euill matter, snéesing is an euil token. Then snéesing moueth the brain, and dischargeth all the braine, and smi∣teth and shaketh the body in his outgo∣ing. And by violent mouing of the aire, snéesing maketh noise in the pipes of the nosethrills. And if it dureth more then it shuld, after y^e out mouing of superflu∣itie of fumositie, it grieueth. For it ma∣keth to greate dissolution, and exciteth sometime, and breedeth grieuoues euills and sicknesse. Therfore it shuld be stin∣ted with medicines, as with fumigati∣ons that maketh it stint, and repay∣reth the spirits, and wasteth superflui∣ties, as with Camamell, Mentastrum, Rosa, Ircos, Nigella, and such other.

Sneesing is a good signe in an euill cause,* 1.39 this impediment commeth of di∣lation of the powers of the braine, or of coldenesse, or heate in the heart.

Of head aking. cap. 12.

OUr Lord set a token in Cain, that was quaking of head. As Strabus saith in Glo••a.* 1.40 Enerye man (sayth Strabus) that findeth mée by quaking of head and moouing of woode heart, shall knowe that I am guiltye to dye. Constantine calleth head quaking Iac∣titatio. And head quaking commeth of default and feeblenesse of vertue Regi∣tiue, in the sinewes of the necke bones, and in the brawnes of the members. In this euill bée two contrarye moouings, one vpwarde and another downeward, kinde worketh the ouer, and the disease the neather. The euil laboureth to beare downe the member lower. And kinde that hath not forsaken the gouernance of the mēber laboureth to rule it & set to it in his owne steed: and so kind laboureth to reare vp the member. And therefore quaking cōmeth of such contrary moo∣uing. The cause of the beginning is de∣fault of vertue y^e moueth the brawnes, as saith Constantine: and somtime this vertue faileth because of euill complec∣tion: and for accidentes of the soule, as for dread, for gathering of spirits to the heart. Therefore the members drawe downeward by their weight and hea∣uinesse. And so for kinde hath not suffi∣saunt spirites comming togrihees, to rule the members, it may act at the full holde the members steadfastly in theyr owne place: and therfore followeth qua∣king anone. And such quaking is a manner disposition to Palsie, and name∣ly if sléeping follows with quaking: the cause whereof is coldnesse, running and hardening the substaunce of the si∣newes, that the vertue of feeling maye not thir•••• it and passe therby. And euery Palsie with quaking is more easie to heale,* 1.41 then the palsie that is without quaking. For in the first, the member hath not lost all kinde, as it hath in the second. Such quaking with sléeping shall be cured & healed with medicines, that heate and comfort, and dissolue and consume and wast, as with Theodori∣con, Iralogodion, and such other. Also bethes bee good, and frotings, with hot and opening hearbes and fumigations, that the closing poores maye be opened, that the superfluitie of humours maye be wasted, the spirits excited, and the si∣newes comforted.

Of the Crampe. cap. 13.

A Cramp is a violent shrinking of si∣newes,* 1.42 taking awaye and hindering wilfull moouing. And such shrinking commeth sometime of too great repleti∣on, sometime of great abstinence, some∣time of too great colde,* 1.43 as it fareth in handes and lippes that bée sore a colde, that finneth they may speake or clitch, or stretch theyr fingers. Such shrin∣king that commeth of vtter colde is holpe with heat, and néedeth none other medicine. But yet let the patient take heede, that hee put him not sodeinly to greate heate, For of sodeine smiting of coldnesse to the vtter partes of the si∣newes commeth full sore ach. And so the vtter partes of the limme shall ake full sore. The shrinking that commeth of abstinence hath these tokens. Some∣time commeth before passing running of bloud, or of the wombe, or of the mo∣ther: sometime trauaile or abstinence ouer his might, that trauayleth or ab∣steineth: Sometime passing heate, as in a mans body that hath a sharpe A∣gue: Sometime déepenesse and ach of wound, sharpnesse and strength of me∣dicine taken. In all these the Crampe commeth of too greate drinesse of kinde and of wasting of substantiall moy∣sture. And therefore the sinew shrinketh and riueleth, as Parchment put in the fire. And therefore the waye of spirites in the sinewes be stopped, and the ver∣tue of lyfe and of ruling is let. All such Crampes be deadly, if they endure.

Therefore it is said in Apho. the cramp of cholarik is mortall. In the beginning hot womans milke helpeth this cramy, if it be done hot thereto & if it bee shed all about vpon the brawn of the chéeks and vpon the ridge bone and the necke, and the roots of the sinewes. Also water with Wooll and Oyle bound vppon the place of sinewes helpeth. The third

manner of Crampe that commeth of re∣pletion, falleth oft to fat men & fleshly,* 1.44 and wel fed, and gorrells: And commeth of shedding & spreading of the sinewes: and is more easily holp. For it is holpe with hot ointments, with baths, & snee∣sing, and laratiues, as Constantine tra∣cheth. If feauers come vpon this shrink∣ing, that is best remedie. And therefore it is sayd in Aphor. Feauers comming vpon the crampe, helpeth the euill. This Cramp hath three manner of lunds, one is called Epitestanus, when the hinder sinewes shrinke and haue the Crampe: That other is called Eprocustenus, & is when the further sinewes toward the brest shrink: And the third is called Ce∣thanus, and is when the farther and the hinder shrinke. In these three kindes of Crampes is no perfect cure, when they come of abstinence as it is sayde.

* 1.45There are foure kindes of Spasmos or cramps, the first is named Empro∣sthotonos, the which is whē the head is drawne downward to the breast. The second is named Thetanos, & that is when the forhead & all the whole bo∣dy is drawen so vehemently, that the body is vnmoueable. The third is na∣med Opisthotonos, & that is when the head is drawn backward, or the mouth is drawne towarde the eare. The fourth kind is named. Spasmos, the which doth drawe the sinewes verye streight & asperusly in the feete and legges.

Of the Palsis. chap. 14.

* 1.46PAlsie is a hurting of parte of mans bodye with minishing, or with pri∣uation of moouing, or of feeling, or of both, and commeth sometime of colde constraining: Sometime of humours stopping: sometime of heate wasting and ruling the sinewes of feeling: Som∣time of a wounde cutting and depar∣ting the sinewes. For by these causes and other the spirite of féeling can∣not haue his passing to the instru∣mentes of féeling and of moouing. And so if the sinewes of feeling and of moouing bee stopped at the full, or cutte, the member l••••seth feeling and mo∣uing. And if the stopping bée not full, neyther the passing of spirites, not war∣ned at the full: then commeth qua∣king by reason of the matter bearing downewarde, and of the vertue of ru∣ling bearing vpwarde, as it is sayd be∣fore. Palsie commeth speciallye of su∣perfluitei of meate and drinke, namely of drinkes: For of meate and drinke is great breeding of humoures and dis∣solution and shedding: and thereof commeth needely stopping of the si∣newes.

Also the Palsie commeth of colde constraining and rining the sinewes. Sometime the Palsie commeth of an∣other euil, as when the lesse Apoplex∣ia endeth: Some Palsie is vniuersall, and some perticular, the vniuersall oc∣cupyeth the halfe deale of the sicke man, the perticular Palsie occupieth one part, as the hande or the foote or the tongue. Also the matter of that stopping that breedeth the Palsie is sometime in the head and well of sinewes, and some∣time in the member Peralytike. If the matter and causes bee in the head and well of sinewes, then is stonieng and vnfeelingnesse about the places that bée nigh thereto, as in the face, and in the beginning of the ridge. And if the matter and the cause bée in the mem∣ber Paralitike, then onely that member is grieued, and not the other partes, as Galen sayth. And hée sayth, that hee did sometime awaye a Plaister, that Sophista had done vppon the hande, and did it vppon the necke. And so it fol∣loweth, that as the diuersitie of place of the euill asketh, the manner of me∣dicine is diuerse.

Palsie that commeth of keruing and cutting of sinewes is incurable, and may not bee soone holpe Also vniuersall palsie in all men, and namely in old men is vnneth curable: but in young men me∣dicine worketh more swiftly and more effectually Then to helpe the Palsie we shall vse first medicine,* 1.47 that ••esheth and lareth both within and without: and then medicines that drie and make

hard. For if we did thereto first medi∣cines that drie strongly, then the fleeting and moyst partes should be wasted, and the other deale should be more hard and thick: And so the hardnesse is the worse to be tempered, dissolued, & wasted. And therefore men shall worke wisely in the foresaid manner. Then let the members be purged within with couenable me∣dicine, and without softned with couena∣ble ointments. And he shall vse Sage & Castorie in seething of Wine. Seech other medicines in Plato & in V••atico Constantine.

* 1.48Hemiplexia, Semiapoplexis, Semi∣apoplexia, are three perticular names, for the Palsie. Also the perticular pal∣sie doth rest in a perticular member, as in the tongue, head, arme, & legge, consider that all shaking passions bee not palsies. Loke in the Chapter Tre∣more.

Of the diseases of the eyen. Chap. 15.

* 1.49 TEching and smarting of the eien commeth sometime of outwarde things, as of wounds, departing & dea∣ling the continuance of the eien, and of dust, that hurteth the eien and the tender substance of them: & of smoake that dim∣meth the eien and maketh them smart: and of colde winde smiting the spirit of sight: Also of hot aire that dissolueth and departeth: also of too great brightnes of the Sun, or of other bright things, that departeth and sheddeth the spirit: Of too great darknesse that defoileth the spirit of sight, and of vnordinate dyet, & of continuall dronkennesse that dim∣meth the sight: of fleshlye lyking and ofte seruice of Venus, that corrupteth and dissolueth the spirites & the humour Christallin: Somtime of inward matter & causes, as of humours hot or cold, dry, or moist: and then the first & chiefe ach & smarting commeth of inward things, which breed a postume vpon y^e white of the eie, of humours y^e slow & come of the black of the eye, & make a postume. And that commeth of feeblenesse of the eye, y^t it receiueth, & of plentie or of sharpe bi∣ting of humour that fleeteth & commeth from the braine. And in such a postume the eie swelleth: weepeth & is red and feeleth ach and pricking, heat: burning, namly, when (h•••••• is the cause, thē it seemeth that the eie were pricked with néedles: and if a cold humour be y^e cause, or els ••entositie, y^e eie is haled & grieued by night, & is clāmed: full many humors run & fleét, & be clammy, & is most pai∣ned with humour and sleame. And if bloud be the cause, then is great itching, many teares & hot in the outgoing ther∣of, light pricking, more swelling, ach. & smarting most in the forhead, & is most grieued in y^e houre of bloud. If this euill commeth of outward things, the patient shall be brought to rest, & sleepe with his head areared on high, & for running of teares, he shal the shining & brightnesse of light. To void dissolution & shedding of light, he shall not speake least ther be great dissolution of the brain by forcing of the voice: He shall ••aue colde meat, & of light digestion, least the fleeting of rame increase: He shal drinke cleere hot water: for it wasteth smoakes by y^e kind of his smoak, & comforteth the sinews, & swageth burning and pricking: He shal vse temporate baths of fresh water. If this be done, there neede no other medi∣cines: and if y^e ach come of inner humors y^t the default is in, they shall bee purged or withdrawne by bloud letting, or by couenable purgation of medicine: Men shall do within binding medicines, sla∣king & healing as water of roses, with womans milke, as Constant. saith. The tears shal be stinted with restrictortes & stintings. Then in the beginning men shal do therto light repere••ssiues & swa∣ging medicines inward, & in the maca∣sing meanely Daslelutiles, & in the end: Consumtifes, & alway with these Con∣fortatifes. About a postume of the eye. Maturatiues shal neuer be put, least the tender substance of the eie be destroied, if quitter come out. Moreouer if y^e mat∣ter be very hot, & the ach strong, strong Percussiues shal not be done therto: for the matter might sodeinly be smitten to y^e sinew Opticum, holow: & by stopping might induce blindnesse for euer more

Blearinesse of eien is claminy & glewy superfluitie of the eien cleuing to y^e lids, & commeth of flumatike & melancholik humours, & beginneth in the corners of y^e eien, & maketh the eie lids great, & ouer cōmeth them, & this destroieth the haire of the lids, and maketh the eie lids as it wer péeces of raw flesh. In bleared eien the black is whole & sound, as it is said in Glosa Leuit. 21. but the humour fal∣leth away, the eie lids were great: And by oft washing therof, y^e eie sight appai∣reth: & tokeneth them that haue a cléere wit in knowldege of truth: but y^e worke of fleshlye life maketh them darke and dimme.

Of the webbe in the eyen. Chap. 16.

THere is another euill of the eiē, that we call a webbe, and Constantine calleth it Albugo, or Pannus, & breedeth in this manner. First a rume runneth to the eien, and thereof commeth an euill that is called Obtalmia, a shrewd blea∣rinesse and ach, & a postume: Of which, if it bée euill voyded, remayneth a light spot or infectiō, & in lōg processe of time furneth & groweth into a web, & cōmeth thicke, & occupieth more place then all y^e blacke of the eie: This web increaseth into Pannus by more thicknesse, & occu∣pieth more place, for it occupieth all the blacke of the eie: and at last it turneth into y^e kind of a naile of the hand, & so it is more thicke and hard: and euery each of these is incurable, if it be old: But it shall be dealed and déemed as the place asketh, that it is in. If it bée about the humour Christallin déep, during halfe a yéere, it is incurable. And in the begin∣ning it maye vnneth bée holpe. If it be bound vnder the kertill of the eye, that is called Cōiunctiua, or aboue it, during ten yeres it may be holpe. Then when this mole is fresh & little, red Popie séed sufficeth to help it, as Constantine saith. Red Popie séede is hot in the first degee, and dry in the second degrée: And there∣fore it hath vertue to make thinne, and to wast and to destroy. Also Philoso∣phers tell, as Constantine sayth, That the bloud drawen out of the right wing of a Coluer, or of a Swallowe, or of a Wipe, and done in the beginning vpon that mole, clanseth it mightely. For the bloud of these foules heate and dissolue strongly, by kinde of the foules that it commeth of.

* 1.50There is a hot impostume in the eye called Ophtalma, Obtalmia, & Hip∣popia, which commeth of colde rume.

Of infection of the eie through indurate bloud, chap. 17.

THE eien haue another passion that defileth them, and that is infection of bloud. Constantine ralleth it a croust of bloud, and it bréedeth when bloud commeth by anye happe to the eyen, and is dryed as a croust. Also it happe∣neth that bloud woseth out of the veins and of the pipes, and commeth to the eyen: And some veines are broke or be hurt in the kirtell that is called Con∣iunctiua: And then such default in the eye commeth of bloud that commeth so to the eye: Coluer bloude or Turtell bloude, dissolueth and departeth this bloud, that is so renied, as Constantine saith: So doth womans milke with insence, and so doth fresh chéese medled w^t hony without salt, if it be done there∣to. Constantine teacheth many other ex∣periments and assaies.

On the eie lid groweth Ordiolus, like a corn, it cōmeth of corrupt bloud,* 1.51 whose recourse is more to one place then to another.

Of vnlawlawfull running of teares. chap. 18.

VNwilfull or quicke mooing of teares fall in the eien somtime of outward cause,* 1.52 as of smiting dissolution & depar∣ting of hot aire, or of constraining of cold aire, or of bi••ing of smoke, or of distrou∣bling of dust, or of smelling of sharpnes of Onions, & other smel of sharp things: and somtime of inward causes as of hot humors or of cold, or of plētie of humors that fal out for default of place to abide

in, or of feeblenes of vertue Contentiue of the braine, or of strength & might of the vertue of out putting If hot humors bée the cause, the eien be red, & the teares that droppe downe, heate and burne the face. And hotte things grieue, and colde helpe. And if the humours be colde, the eyen be wanne, and the teares be cold, & bite or fret not y^e face. Cold things grieue and hot helpe, if the teares come of smi∣ting, and other outwarde causes. The chiefe remedie is clene ware and pure,* 1.53 with pouder of Commin chased and oft plaistered for it doth away the ach and teares & wens. If it be with a wound, it is holp with Surgery. To y^e other out∣ward causes sufficeth comforting or ba∣thing with luke warme water: so that the warmnesse draw more to cold then to heate. If it come to running & plenty of humours, then he shal be purged, and he shall haue Diadibam with wine sod with Frankenscence, and that is prin∣cipall in this cause. Restraining shall be made about the temples, and about the forhead, and all these helpe against run∣ning of teares, that come of hot causes or of colde.

Of the default of sight. Chap. 19.

DEfault of sight in the eien falleth & commeth of many manner causes: Sometime of euill complection•• somtime of corruption of fumosity y^e cōmeth out of y^e stomacke, sometime of stopping of y^e sinew y^t is called Neruus opticus y^e he∣low sinewe, and of straight wayes of webs, of moles, of the crampe, & of other such•• Somtime of mordinate diet, of lōg sicknesse, of fasting, of seruice of Venus, & of many other causes, as of age, & such other. Then the causes shall be distin∣gued & known by their own signes & to∣kens. For it the default commeth of fu∣mositie of the stomack, y^e default of sight it not continuall, but it commeth & go∣eth. For it waxeth and waneth by diuer∣sitie of meat & drinke. If it come of de∣fault of the braine, the default is conti∣nuall before meate and after. If it come of stopping of the sinew, the substaunce of the eie is pure, bright, & cléere. Other signes & tokens be knowne openly. Thē to put of this default, if it commeth of euill humours of y^e stomacke, y^e stomack shall be cleansed & purged, & al the body, and namely the head: And then men shal lay too remedies, as the place asketh: he which remedies be found in Vatico, and in other authours.

Of blindnesse. chap. 20.

BLindnesse is a priuation of sight:* 1.54 and a man is vereft and depriued of his sight, sometime for default of the mēbers or lims, and for vnproportionated of the blacke of the eie to the spirit of sight. For to make & shape the sight, needeth due proportion of the member & lim, that receiueth the spirit, as it is sayd before de V••su. li. 3. Sometime for stopping of the inner sinews, for if the sinew, that is called Opticus, carrieth & bringeth to tho eie the spirit of sight, if that sinewe bee stopped in the beginning thereof, or in y^e middle with ouergrowing of flesh, or with superfluitie of some clammye hu∣mour, then the vertue of the sight hath no passage to come to the blacke of the eie, and so blindnesse is bred in the eye. And somtime it is caused through con∣sumption & wasting of humours and of spirits, as it fareth in olde men, whose eyen first were dimme, and then they haue default of sight: and at the last the vertue of sight faileth, and they loose all their sight. Somtime blindnesse cōmeth of outward cause, as by wounding of y^e eien, and by too great & continuall wee∣ping, and by dissolution and departing of the substance of the eyen, & by thicking and hardning of the curtills of the eien, and by compaction of humours in the eye. For then the blacke of the eye by sodeine swelling and wasting of sub∣stauntiall humour, hath no waye to the spirit of sight: And therefore such com∣paction causeth blindnesse to the eye, by sodeine drieng of y^e substantial humour: as it happeneth in y^e blacke of the eie in some mē y^t take drenches & be let bloud,* 1.55 which falleth somtime in peril of blind∣nesse through too great bléeding.

Somtime for too sodeine shedding of the spirit of sight, with drieng of the sub∣stantial moisture, as it fareth in a ••••are that is as it were sodeinly made blinde with beholding and looking on a bright burning Bason. The cause of his blind∣nesse is the beholding of the bright tur∣ning and shining Bason, the which fity vertue of the Bason destroieth and wasteth the cu••••l of the eie,* 1.56 and the hu∣mour Christalline. And the brightnesse therof is vnproportionate to the spirit of sight, and departeth and sheddeth it, and so of necessitie bréedeth blindnesse. Also among all the passions and euills of the wittes of féeling, blindnesse is most wretched, as Constantine sayth. For without any bond, blindnesse is a pri∣son to the blinde: And blindnesse begui∣leth y^e vertue imaginatiue in knowing: For in déeming of white,* 1.57 the blind wee∣neth it is blacke: and againeward. It letteth the vertue of aduisement in dee∣ming. For hée deemeth and aduiseth and casteth to go Eastward, and is beguiled in his dome, and goeth West ward. And blindnesse ouerturneth the vertue of af∣fection and desire. For if men profer the blind a siluer penie & a copper to choose the better, he desireth to choose the siluer penie, but he chooseth the Copper. The blind mans wretchednesse is so much, that it maketh him not onely subiect to a childe, or to a seruaunt for ruling and leading, but also to an hound. And the blind is oft brought to so great neede, that to passe and scape the perill of a Bridge or of a Foorde, hée is compelled to trust in a Bound more then to him∣selfe: Also oft in perills where all men doubt and dread, the blinde man for hee séeth no perill,* 1.58 the blind is sicker. And in likewise there as is no perill, the blinde dreadeth most He spurneth oft in plaine way and stumbleth: Oft there he should heaue vp his foote, he boweth it down∣ward. And in likewise there as he shuld set his foote to the ground, he heaueth it vpward. He putteth forth the hand all a∣bout groping & grasping, hée séeketh all about his way with his hand and with his staffe. Selde he doth ought sickerly, welnigh alway he doubteth & dreadeth,* 1.59 Also the blind man when he lieth or sit∣teth thereout,* 1.60 he wéeneth y^t he is vnder couert: and oft times he thinketh him∣selfe hid, when euery body séeth him. Al∣so when the blinde sometime listeth vp his face and eyen toward heauen, and to the sunne, the cléernesse of heauen cō∣forteth not his eyen: The Sun beame is present to y^e blinds eie, but he know∣eth not the vertue & the effect of y^e Sun, as Gregory sayth. Also sometime the blind beate••h and smiteth, & grieueth the childe y^t leadeth him, & shall soone repent the beating by doing of the child: for the child hath minde of the beating, & forsa∣keth him, and leaueth him alone in the middle of a bridge, or in sōe other perill, & techeth him not y^e way to void the pe∣rill Therfore the blind is wretched, for in the house he dare nothing trustily do, & in the way he dreadeth least his felow will forsake him But yet in this point the condition of blind men is better thē the condition of seeing men. For eien be enimies and theeues, and robbe mans inwit, while we followe the desire of eien, wee bée made subiectes to right cruell enimyes, as the expositour saith super illud trenorum. Mine eye hath spoiled and robbed my soule. Better it is to man to be blind, and haue hie eien put out, then to haue eyen, and bee de∣ceiued and beguiled with pleasures and flatterys thereof, as Gregory sayth vppon that word. Mat. 9. Better it is for thee to go without eyen into y^e life, then to haue eyen, & to be sent into fire without end.

Of Deafenesse. Chap. 21.

DEafnesse is priuation and let of hearing,* 1.61 that is the gate of the inwit, as Constantine sayth. Sometime it happeneth, that the hearing is all with∣drawen and lost, and then it is proper∣ly called deafnesse, and commeth of hu∣mours, that stoppe the sinewes of hea∣ring, and the hoales of the eares: Inso∣much that no manner noise may come therin: And sometime by lesse humours it is some deale taken away, and then it is called thicknesse of hearing.

Somtime there is noyse therein and ringing, so that the patient weeneth, that he be fast by a mill, or by organes: and this commeth of great and thicke vento∣sitie closed within. And sometime this is continuall: and then it commeth of some priuie and speciall cause. And som∣time it commeth and goeth, and then it commeth of some farre cause. Somtime for stopping, nothing is heard outward, but the hearing is set a worke with in∣ward things:* 1.62 so that the patient weeneth, that the noyse be without, that hée heareth, though it be within, and so the hearing is deceiued. In many other wise mans hearing is let. Sometime in the eare is ache or a postume, and commeth of heate that dissolueth and dealeth, or of colde that reueth and constrayneth. And if it come of heate, the ache is sharpe, & the place is redde: hot things grieue, & colde helpeth. And if it come of colde, the ache is heuie and grieuous, and the place is pale: colde things grieue, & hot things helpe. Sometime it commeth of an hot postume, and then with the foresayde signes and tokens is a strong feaver Al∣way with a postume of y^e eare commeth a Feauer, but more lyght and with lesse ache, when colde is the cause, then when heate is the cause. Sometime is lefte in the eare, a wound of an olde Postume, and that is knowen by ache and by tic∣kelyng, and also by quitter that runneth out thereof.* 1.63 Sometime wormes bréede in the eares, of hot humors and clammy, by inclosing of the spirite of life: the to∣kens of wormes is itching and tickling, and sometime they be seene in the eares, if the eare be set in the Sunne. Some∣time the ach commeth of outward cause, as of entring therein of water or of gra∣uell. And sometime of smiting, the to∣ken whereof is bléeding. But sometime it commeth of superfluitie of bloud, and straightnesse of the place. Vnde Con∣stantinus: If bloud commeth sodainly out of the eares, and without ache, and without cause openly knowen: it be∣tokeneth that somewhat is in the head, that kinde laboureth to put out, and tra∣uayleth therefore, then in the beginning it néedeth that the eares be cleansed.

Séeke other passions of the eares, spo∣ken of before, in li. 3. de Auditu, & li. 3. de Aure. for there this matter is great∣ly treated of. Then if the ache of y^e eare, commeth of heate & without a postume, the helpe is with colde medicines, and alteratiues: for the sore place shall bée baumed w^t oyle of roses or of vyolets, and with such other. Such Oyles luke warme shall be dropped into the eares. And if it come of cold & without a Po∣stume: the cure is with hot alteratiues, as with Oleo ••••urino, Ruta••io, & other such. And if it be with a hot Postume: then men must worke first with colde maturatiues, rippings, and then w••••h mundificatiues: and in a contrary cause we must vse contrary medicines. And if the postume be broke, which is knowen by the running of the quitter, then first the wound shall be cleansed, and then healed and closed. The cleansing thereof is with honie meddeled with wine, and dropped therein. It is healed and closed with powder of Frankencense and Ma∣sticke, and other such. If wormes bée therein, or come thereto: then bitter ioyce shall be dropped therein, as of per∣sile, or of wormwood, and of leeke. Also bitter oyle of bitter Almondes shall bée dropped in, into the eare: with such me∣dicines Wormes be slayne, and when they be rotted, they come out with quit∣ter. And if grauell come into the eare, it must be wiselye drawen out: and if it may not be, the eares shall be baulmed with hot oyntment, and men shall excite snéesing, or sucke it out, or drawe it out with an horne, or with a cupping-cup. To put off deafenesse or at lest to be re∣léeued, many things helpe, that Constan∣tine speaketh of: but among all, Balsa∣mum dropped into the eare helpeth best, but yet if deafenesse be from the birth, it is vncurable. Also if it dureth 3. yeres, vnneth it is holpe. The ringing of the eares that commeth of ventositie, shall be holpe with things that extenuate vē∣tosities, as with Anneis, Calament, Ori∣gon, and such other: with stiffeling ther∣of ringing of eares is holpe. This suffi∣ceth to speake of the passions of y^e eares, and of remedies at this time.

* 1.64Also three causes there are of this impediment that may come to a man: by nature, if so not curable: the second, by some stroke, which hauing ouer∣stunned the powers, will hardlye bee recouered: The thirde by humor the which doeth opilate and stoppe the Organes of hearing, there is cure, take the gall of an Hare, mixe it with the greace of a Foxe, and with blacke wooll, install this into the eare, also the fat of an E••le, and also take the iuyce of wormewood, temper it with a Bulls gall, and so in blacke wooll stoppe the eare, &c.

¶Of Polipus superfluous flesh, Cap. 22.

* 1.65POlypus is superfluitie of flesh grow∣ing of the nosethrilles, bredde of su∣perfluitie of humours. Alwaye with this passion & euill commeth horrible stinke: and yet he that hath this euill, feeleth not the stinke, and that is for stopping of the sinewe of smelling Such one dée∣meth not betweene good smellyng & stin∣king. But stench of the nosethrills and Polypus commeth in this manner: thick humors and gleymie run & come to the flesh within the nosethrills, & ther were thicke, and hard, and turne as it were in∣to the substaunce of flesh by long time, and by working of heate: the which matter being corrupted, a sumositie that is resolued and commeth out thereof by breathing that is meddeled with the aire, bréedeth great stench: and such an euill is called Polypus. And sometime moy∣sture commeth downe to the nosethrils, and the spongie poores of the nosethrills drinketh vp that moysture, and ther that moysture rooteth, & bréedeth corruption and stench. And sometime hot humours by their sharpnesse bréedeth whelkes in the nosethrilles, and these whelkes brée∣den as it were botches, and fleyn the place: and so as well of corruption of flesh and of humours, as of straightnes of breathing, when the braine maye not be purged, of necessitie there breedeth stench. Then the first remedie agaynst this passion and euill, is, that the head be purged with strong and couerable medicines: and then the running of hu∣mours shall be let. Secondly, the Pati∣ent shall drawe and sucke in at the nos∣thrills hot water, that the gleymie hu∣mours maye be dissolued and departed, and brought out of that place. To clense the nosethrils helpeth Pilulae Deacasto∣riae, with the iuyce of rewe, and luke warme wine resolued and put into the nosethrills. To let the running of the nose, the graines of white Thus helpeth wonderfully, if they be ofte taken. And if this euill Polypus be conformed first with purgations and with vnstopping powders, and with fretting medicines, it shall be holpe that waye, or els by cut∣ting and keruing,* 1.66 as it is more plainlye taught in the crafte of Surgerie.

Of two kindes, the one is a bytle nose, sometime as big as a cats head: the other is, impostumation growing within the nosethrills, and causeth the diseased, to speake in the nose, termed snoching: and the nose swelling out∣ward, is called a gawdie nose, or a toti nose. The cause commeth of grose hu∣mour, or pullyng much the top of the nose. The cure or remedy, the powder of Dragagant with a little hopie, and make a tent, & put it vp into the nose∣thrill: or the iuyce of blacke iuie, in cotten.

¶Of the disease of the nose∣thrills. Cap. 23.

OFte the nosethrills haue running of bloud, and that commeth in mal••s, onely of three causes. The running com∣meth from the braine, & then it commeth with snéesing & with ach, & pricking in y^e forhead: or it commeth from the lyuer, and then the ache is in the right side, & bleeding at the right nosethrilles: or it commeth of the mylt, and then the ache is in the lefte side, and bléeding in the lefte nosethrill. Beside all this, in women bléeding commeth of the mo∣ther, and then the ache is about the na∣uell. Sometime this bleeding is profita∣ble, and sometime not profitable. When it happeneth in a sharpe ague, and in

phrensie, in the daye of chaunging by mouing of kinde, and then it is wont to be good, & not good when it commeth be∣fore the day of chaunging:* 1.67 for it is good when it commeth before the chaungable day through great boylyng and feruour of y^e bloud within: which w^t his sharpe∣nesse, maketh running and bleeding. In this manner and many other, commeth fluxe & bleeding, whether the bleeding be of chaunging or following the euill, the bléeding shall not be stinted in the be∣ginning, least it let the chaunging of the euill: or least the bloud drawe to some other parts, and make worse tokens fol∣lowing y^e euill, as stiffeling & such other. And if the bléeding increase too hastelye, and the patient is strong in y^e place ther the sore is, he shall be let bloud: and al∣so the vtter parts shal be bound & strōg∣ly constrained, and restraining medicines shall be put to the Temples and to the forhead: and water with vinegar shalbe throwen in the face. If the bleeding commeth of the liuer, a copping cup shal be set vpon the place of the liuer: and if it commeth of the milte, set it on y^e milt: and if it commeth of the mother, set it on the mother, or vpon the pappes.

* 1.68Riues in Greeke, Nares in latin, the nostrells, which be the organes of the braine, by which the braine doth at∣tract and expulse the aire, without the which no man can liue, & without the nosthrills no man can smell: & the nos∣thrill; be the emunctory places of the braine, by the which reume is expulsed and expelled. The cause of this impe∣diment commeth. 3. manner of wayes, through abundance of humor. Also by apostumation, lieng betwixt the brain, & the organs of the nostrels. The third commeth by apostumation growing in the nosthrills. The remedie, sternutati∣ons, gargarises: beware of too much drinking of wine, & of the fat of eeles and Samon.

¶Of stinking of the mouth. Ca. 24.

* 1.69STinking of y^e mouth cōmeth some∣time of corruption of the téeth, and of the gums, & sometime of whelkes & of pimples of the mouth, & of the roofe: somtime of euill disposition and doing of the breast, & of the spirituall members: sometime of rotted humours of the sto∣macke: and somtime of vniuersall and whole infection of the bodye as it fareth in Lepers,* 1.70 the breath of them stinketh & infecteteth other: sometime of eating of stinking things, as it fareth in them that alwaies eate garlike, onions, & léekes: & somtime of the corruption of the spiritu∣all members, & of the vniuersall corrup∣tiō of those humors, which be infect: this stinking may be hid & not cured, for such stink is continuall, & cōmeth by seasons. The stink that commeth of y^e vice of the stomacke is colde, & commeth & goeth in a manner, for it is great afore meate and little after meate by noone:* 1.71 and this may well be cured with cleansing & swéete smelling, & comfortatiue medicines. Thē first the matter that is in the stomacke & is cause of the stink, shall be defied, de∣parted, & put out: ofte after eating, spuing shall be excited, that the chambers of the stomack, may be clensed & purged of rot∣ted meates, & the patient shall beware & spare meates, y^t be disposed to rotting: & he shall vse swéete smelling wine to com∣fort him. If it come of other cause, as of rotted téeth or of gums, the téeth shall be drawen out that be the cause thereof: or the gums shall be froted & cleansed with séething of roses in wine: or they shall be washed with vineger luke warme: the gums and the rootes of the téeth shal be froted and clensed with powder of Thus and Masticke and with honie.

To chew cloues is a good helpe to mitigate the loathsome ayre for the in∣ner parts,* 1.72 but the rankenesse that com∣meth from the arme holes, must be cu∣red by letting bloud, or some good purgation, & commonly such children as be begotten in such heate of bloud: are choaked in the matrixe, and so bee dead borne, or if, they lyue, they are very scuruie & scabbed, & of a grose complection.

¶Of tooth ache. Cap. 25.

TOoth ake commeth sometime of the vice of the stomacke: Sometime of vice of the braine, when colde humours

or hot rumaticke infecteth the sinewes of the teeth: and breedeth ache: of vice of the stomacke, when it commeth of hot humours that be in the stomacke, from the which sumositie being resol∣ued and dealed, commeth vpwarde, and biteth, and pricketh, and grieueth the si∣newes and rootes of the teeth, and brée∣deth therein ache and stench also. If it come of sharpe biting humours, the ache is sharpe and pricking, with rednesse of the face, with roughnesse and drinesse of the throate, with thirst and bitternes of the mouth. If it come of colde humors, the ach is lesse with griefe of head, with swellyng and palenesse of face, with so∣wer bolking and vnsauerines of mouth, tooth ake, that commeth of y^e braine, du∣reth long, without comming and going: for sometime it dureth ten houres, and more. The ache that commeth of y^e sto∣macke, dureth some houres or three, and resteth afterward. The causes of Tooth ache (as Const. saith) are rottennesse and stench, breaking and thirlyng, wagging and fayling, and heare, and filth. The teeth be thirled,* 1.73 and sometime broke, and sometime chaunged and tourned in cou∣lour, they be sometime citrine, greene, or blacke: and all this commeth of rotted moysture, that commeth out of the sto∣macke, to the sinewes and strings of the teeth: and thereof commeth locking, wagging, & mouing, & sailing of téeth: for sharp humours in the roots of the téeth, thirle the teeth, & wasteth them, and ma∣keth them wagge: and so they be cause why teeth fall, when the rootes fayle and rot. Wormes bréede in the cheeke teeth of rotted humours that be in the holow∣nesse thereof: & this is knowen, by itch∣ing, and tickelyng, and continual digging and thirling, and by stenche that com∣meth thereof, and in many other wise. Looke before, in libro quinto in the tre∣tise of teeth. These sorrowfull passions of teeth if they come of vile humors that be in the brayne, or in the stomacke, the teeth shall be ofte purged & cleansed, and made cleane with couenable purgations and cleansing. Of all those Constant. speaketh at the full. Wormes of y^e téeth be slaine with Mirre and Op••um: teeth that wagge, be fastened with Ensence, and Masticke, and the same doth Garga∣rismus made of gallis and of the skin of a Pomegranade, & of Balausha with vineger.

Of the paine of the teeth in young folke,* 1.74 it commeth of distemperaunce of bodely heate, as in pastimes, when the body is ouer hot, they take a sodaine colde, which increaseth rume, congea∣leth bloud, and breedeth winde, which passing through the nerues & orgaines doe hasten pricking in the stomacke, gnawing in the bowells, and aking in the teeth.

¶Of the tongue and lacke of speach. Cap. 26.

ALso the tongue is grieued in manye manner wise,* 1.75 sometime with palsie, and then it léeseth wilfull mouing & vse of speaking, as sayth Constantine. The cause thereof is default of the vertue of mouing, that is excited by the spirit that commeth from the braine, or it commeth of the sinewe that beareth the vertue of feeling, if it be stopped with humoures, or with a postume: either it commeth of the vice of the tongue his own substance, as of euill complection of the tongue, & distemperance that cooleth, or els of cold, or of heat & drines, or els of some humor. Also somtime the tongue hath a postume, and then it swelleth: and sometime of a fléeting humour that slaketh y^e tongue and letteth the speach, and the sinewe of the tongue is softened & made too moyst and too softe, and then due speach maye not be shaped by the tongue, that is so lyghtly softened and slaked: somtime by too hot humours and drye, y^e tongue is shronke and riueled, & then the speach is all lost: sometime the tongue is grie∣ued with sore pimples and whelkes, and then he is let in tasting and in speking. Then if the substaunce be whole and sound without any wem, and the speach is lost, that vice commeth of the braine,* 1.76 or of a certaine sinewe that is stopped. Somtime the leesing of speach commeth of the leesing of wit, as it fareth in fren∣sie, there a man vseth not imagination

in minde and reason, and therefore it is no wonder, though y^e speach be lost, that is the instrument of reason. Looke before in li. 5. de lingua sane & infirma.

* 1.77By the tongue is not onely the be∣nefite of taste, but also the expressing of mans minde: the tongue may haue diuers casuall impediments, but let all men take heede of voluntary euill, ly∣eng & slaundering: the swelling of the tongue commeth of superabundant reume, or surfet.

¶Of hoarcenesse. Cap. 27.

* 1.78HOarcenesse commeth of manye cau∣ses: for it commeth of drinesse or of moysture; or default of spirites of ver∣tue. Of drinesse in two manners: for dri∣nesse maketh the waye of y^e voyce rough or straight: and of that roughnes com∣meth hoarcenesse & letting of the voyce. Also of drinesse commeth strayghtnes of pipes, and pressing of the lunges, and so followeth roughnesse, and hoarcenes, and letting of the voyce. Also of moysture in two manners, either of moysture con∣tained in the veynes, and namely in the bloud, or els of steame dropping from the ouer parts: for much bloud stretch∣eth y^e veynes, & maketh y^e waies straight, and so the voyce is let. And also steame dropping into the wosen & pipes of the lunges worketh the same lets: & so for default of spirite and vertue, the voyce is lette: as it is knowen by that, that the strengthe of the voyce, commeth of the spirite and vertue. Then if hoarcenesse commeth of drinesse, it is knowen by drye cough, that grieueth & letteth the spirit in y^e wosen of y^e voyce, or sometime it commeth vppon another sicknesse, and by compassion: and so there followeth another euill, whē it commeth of drinesse, that maketh the pipes of the lunges straight and drye, and grieueth and noyeth the spirite. Then bréedeth the cough of moysture, that droppeth out of y^e braine In this manner breedeth cough, that letteth the voyce. Or els hoarcenes is knowen by pinching and pricking, as it were of thornes in the spiritual mem∣bers, and as it were in the smalnesse of the necke, and leannesse of all the body. And it is knowen that bloud is y^e cause, by a cough that is some deale moyst, and by rednesse of the face, by swellyng of the veynes, and sweetenesse of y^e mouth. We knowe that fleame is the cause by cough that is some deale moyst, and by vnsauerinesse of the mouth, and by plen∣tie of spittle. We know that default of spirite is the cause by féeblenesse & lean∣nesse of all the body, and by seauers that goeth before, or fasting, fl••xe, and all that maketh the bodye leane. Then if this hoarcenesse commeth of hot cause & drye, the patient shall abstaine and spare salt meates, colde, drye, seyed and rosted, and he shall vse temperately colde and moist, and meanely hotte. If this euill commeth of bloud, he shall bleede: and if it come of fleame, men shall giue him purgatious, and other medicines, shal be needefull in a colde cause. And if it come of default of spirites, it shall be holpe with resumptiues, and with conforta∣tiues. The same is the cure of hoarcenes and of cough Therof looke in Plato and in Constantine:

Hoarcenesse commeth of a great heate,* 1.79 and a sodaine colde taken vpon the heate, or by ouer straining the voyce, by late drinking, and sitting vp; also of infection from the inner parts, and that is a signe of leprosie. The re∣medie is water of scab••ous, & of fe••••ll, of hecris & buglosle, of each a quanti∣tie mixed, and thereto sugar canne: drinke sixe spoonefulls morning and euening.

¶Of squinancie or strangling of the throte. Cap. 28.

SQuinancie is strangling of the throte, and commeth of a Postume that is in the throate: and there are three man∣ner of Squinancies.* 1.80 In the first, all the matter is gathered within in a smal lease betwixt the wosen of voyce, and the pipe that taketh meate and drinke: and is knowen by a strong ache and sore with∣out any swellyng seene without: and if the mouth be opened, there is no swel∣lyng seene within.

And is also knowen by sharpe seauers, and by letting of the voyce, and also by the patients owne dome,* 1.81 for he may no∣thing swallow: and this manner Squi∣nanci is incurable, for often it slayeth a man the first daye. The seconde man∣ner Squinanci is when the matter is gathered in lesse quantitie within, and in more quantitie without: and this Squi∣nanci hath all the signes that the first hath, but it is not so strong, and some swellyng is seene without, and this mā∣ner Squinanci is vnneth cured. The third manner is, when all the matter is gathered without, and is called Sinancia. The tokens thereof be strong swellyng without, softe feuers, and lyttle ache, without difficultie of breathing, and this manner of Sinancie slayeth not, but if the swellyng draweth inwarde. This euill commeth principally of bloud, and secondarily of fleame and Melancholia, and neuer of Cholera: these causes are knowen by their owne tokens & signes. The first ruring of this euill, is letting of bloud vnder the tongue in much quā∣titie, and garsing and copying or horn∣ing in the necke,* 1.82 and in the shoulders: then shall be layde to medicines, that case, ripe and cleanse. Looke before in li. 5. of the throte.

* 1.83Augina, termed Sinachi or Chinan∣chi, among the Grecians, the barbarous word is Squinancia, the Squinci: where∣of are supposed foure kindes. The first appereth not outward, & that is death, except a very speedy preuenting the cause. The second doth somewhat ap∣peare more inward then outward, and that is not so daungerous as the first. The third doth appeare inward and outward, and that is not so perillous as the second: howbeit it continueth lon∣ger than the other. The fourth doeth onely appeare outward, and that is not perillous. The cause is of reume, that descendeth from the head to the throte: it may come of vaporous humours, as∣cending frō the stomack to the throte. The remedie: first, letting of bloud in a veyne named Cephalica. The second, purge the head with pilles of Cothie. The third, vse gargaries & clysters, let the patient abstaine from meate that is costiue or binding, and if a bibit serue, haue the present company of no coue∣tous Phisition: least while he looke for reward, the sicke gape for winde.

¶Of the difficultie of brea∣thing. Cap. 29.

DIfficultie and hardnesse of brething,* 1.84 is called Asma, and commeth of dou∣ble cause. Of drinesse that straineth the lungs: for when y^e lunges cannot fréely open and close, there followeth Asma: or when the lunges to let by some hu∣mour that is gathered in the vttermost parts of the lunges, they are pressed and wrong therewith, that they maye not freely open and close, and then is a man∣ner Asma, that is called Sanguissugiu••••, and hath that name of Sanguisluga, of a bloder, or of a leach: for with vyolence it draweth ayre to coole the heart. Som∣time is much humour within the pipes of the lunges, which letteth and stoppeth the lunges, that they may not fréely bée closed, and then it is called Anhelitus: for in this manner, trauayleth the pati∣ent in out putting of breath. Sometime is much humour within and without, wherfore the lungs maye not fréely close and open: and then is that same man∣ner of Asma,* 1.85 ralled Ortonia, euennesse of breathing, for the pacient trauayleth lyke much in drawing in and putting out of breath.* 1.86 And so are there thée manner of Asini••s, difficultie of breath∣ing, as humours let the lunges in thrée manners. If it commeth of drinesse and heate, it must be holpe with Oynt∣mentes, Electuaries and Syrops. colde and moyst, and againe ward. Looke in Plato.

This infirmitie commeth by tough fleame being in the pipes,* 1.87 or els that there is some fault in the lunges, that may be putrified, the sirop of Isop is good: but beware of cheese, nuts, and new bread crusts.

¶Of corrupt spettle and blou∣die. Cap. 30.

* 1.88ALso about the spettle commeth passi∣ons, as it fareth in Empticis, in whom the spettle is quitterie & venemous, and also in Emptoicis, in whom the spettle is bloudie. Emptisna is a passion when men spit quitter, and this passion is in reumatike causes, and in them that haue postumes vpon the ribbes inward, and in the lunges, and in other postumes of the stomacke, and of the breast, and of the lunges. This euill commeth in this manner wise: while some humour drop∣peth from the ouer parts into the lungs. the lunges be smit and beate, and of the beating the lunges are defiled, and of the defiling bréedeth quitter, or whelkes, and botches bréede in the lunges, or humour commeth to some place and bréedeth a postume, and is there gathered and tur∣ned in quitter, and is afterward put out and boyded by strength of kinde, or by coughing & spitting of quitter. But eue∣ry man that spitteth quitter, shall not be called Empticus: for Pleuretici, y^t haue a postume vpon the ribs inwarde, & ma∣ny other that spit quitter, be not Emtici: but they are Emtici that be corrupt with infection of the lungs, and with quittery disposition thereof. The tokens thereof be these: quitter spettle, leane bodyes, small neckes, cough, difficultie of breath∣ing, bolning of the face, and the round∣nesse of the eyen swelleth and aketh, E∣moptoici be they that spet quitter: and that commeth of the opening of some veyne, or of superfluitie of humours, and of fumositie thereof: by biting & gnaw∣ing of some veyne, and by passing heate: for heate openeth the poores, and bloud woseth and commeth out. And men say that it commeth out by Diabrosim, that is by sweating: and then the bloud that commeth out is cléere, and little, & pure, and without ache, and the breath séemeth hot: ofte the bloud commeth from other members, and turneth to the mouth, as from the braine, and then it is with red∣nesse of face and of veynes of the eyen: and manye times it commeth from the lunges, and then the bloud fometh with cough and trauaile, and ache in the right teate. And so of other members,* 1.89 in the which Cholaricke bloud is put out and purged, nowe at the nose, nowe at the mouth, by vertue of kinde in diuers ac∣cidents. And so the first passion, that is quitterie spettle, shal be holpen with me∣dicines, that dissolue, mundifie, & cleanse, but beware that it turne not into Ti∣sike: for long Emptima after Fluresim, a postume vpon the ribbes within, fur∣neth into Tisike within fortie dayes, as Ipocras sayeth. And the seconde passion of Emoptoicis, shall be holpe with me∣dicines, that cleanse and constraine.

By a mans spettle,* 1.90 are discerned the sundry infirmities of mans bodye: as if the spettle be white Viscus, the sickenesse commeth of fleame: if black lyke the colour of leade and clammie, the sickenesse commeth of melancholy: if the spettle be citrine, yeolowish, or glassie, then the sickenesse commeth of cholar: if tawney or a reddish mat∣terye coulour, the infirmitie commeth of bloud. The whitte spettle not knot∣tie, signifieth health. The foamie or froathie spettle, a rawe stomacke.

The gleerie spettle lyke cleere horne, slacke, rawe and slowe of digestion. Vide in Viatico, & in Plato.

¶Of the Tisike. Cap. 31.

TIsike is consumption and wasting of kinde humour of the bodye,* 1.91 and commeth of whelkes and of botches of the lunges: and sometime of a reume dropping from the head into the lunges, and smiteth the lunges ofte, and thir∣leth them and maketh holes therein, and whelkes and botches, as dropping of raine perceth a stone. And it commeth sometime of too great drinesse of the lunges, that is soone rent when it is dry∣ed like as a vine leafe in the ende of har∣uest is blowen awaye with a lyghte winde. And sometime it commeth of bloud, when some veyne is broke in the lunges. Such bloud sometime turneth into quitter, and infecteth the lunges, and bréedeth therein whelkes and botches. Therefore Ipocras sayeth, that of bloud and of spettle, commeth Tisike and Fluxe.

By botching of the lunges, all the body is wasted in this manner: First, the lunges by opening thereof, draweth in arce from without, and serueth the heart thereof to swage the kinde heate of the heart, and when the lunges be grieued with whelkes and botches, and féeleth the grieuing, they withdraw their mouing, nor they spread nor open not duely, and so they serue the heart vnsuf∣ficiently of ayre. Therefore heate incre∣seth little & little, & the body is little and little wasted: for a feuer Clike commeth with Tisike, which wasteth y^e substanti∣all moysture of y^e bodie, for euery one y^t haue the Tisike, hath the Etike: but not againe ward. Such a passion is not rasely curable, for it wereth stronger & stronger. And Constantine telleth the cause and saith, That euerye wounde is harde to heale, but if it be cleansed: and the botche of the lunges maye not bée cleansed but with cough, and the cough suffereth not the wound to be closed and sowlded: for it spreadeth and openeth. Therefore more quitter is gathered ther in: while some deale it gathereth, and some deale it purgeth: and so the Po∣stume is incurable, while it is so vnsted∣fast. Then he that will heale the Tisike, shall first heale the wound of the lungs, or it putrifie. Of Tisike that is confor∣med, these be the tokens and signes, con∣tinuall heate, softe in the palmes of the handes, and sharper in the soles of the féete, rednesse in the chéekes, straightnesse of breath, thirst, with roughnesse of the tongue, smalnesse of necke, wasting of all the body, shrinking and riuelyng of nayles and of vtter partes, lownesse of the roundnesse of the eyen, ache in the lefte arme vp to the shoulder, falling of haire: & that is a token of death y^t com∣meth soone, as stinking spettle, & quitter, & more stinking than it was wont, beto∣keneth full corruption of the substaunce of the lungs. Such a one shall be fedde with dyet, that cooleth, sowdeth, and re∣storeth, with meanly colde medicines, that swage the heate of Feauers, and laxeth meanlye the wombe. But ouer all things beware that he be not too soone laxed: For of great Flure commeth death in, and lyfe goeth his ware, as Egidius sayth. Medicines that moyst and dos wast humours helpe them.

Pertisi I take to be Disma,* 1.92 or O∣thomia whesing, that cōmeth of viscous fleame, letting the Organes, for that the patient is more pained to draw in his breath, thou to put forth. Drinke Pti∣sane well sodde of barley, and running water, with a little licoras, and Carda∣mum, which is a kinde of graines.

¶Of heart quaking, & the disease Cardiacle. Cap. 32

HEart quaking or Cardicle is an euil the it is so called,* 1.93 because it commeth often of default of the heart: And there is a double manner of Cardiacle: one is called Deaforetica, that is, opening hoales and poores, for it followeth ope∣ning of poores: the other is called Tre∣mens quaking: for it is selt with a man∣ner quaking and mouing of the heart. The first, Diaforetica, commeth of a hot cause, and of distemperaunce of heate a∣bout the spirituall members. And so the poores are opened, and humours and fu∣mositie be resolued and shed, the which fumositie commeth out at the poores, & is made thick, and turneth into sweate, & of such sweting oft commeth Dropsie or Etike: and ofte such swowne for default of vertue and of strength. The Cardiacle that is called Tremens, qua∣king, commeth of a colde cause, some∣time of melancholike, and sometime of fleamatike: for superfluitie of such hu∣mour in the lunges, presse and wring ofte eyther chamber of the heart, and the substaunce thereof: And so the moouing of the heart is let, and such bée sodeinlye stiffeled. And therefore such an euill is called Tremens, qua∣king: For if thou holdest thine hande vppon thy heart, thou shalt not féele the heart open nor mooue in due man∣ner, but with a maner quaking & simple moouing. Sometime the cause is with a light Feauer, and sometime with a strong Feauer: and then is more pe∣rill.

And sometime it is without a feauer: and sometime melancholy is the cause, & such fall into the euill that hight Incu∣bus, or Phraltes, Sometime it commeth of default of the lyuer, that sendeth not sufficient féeding to the heart, and there∣fore the heart fayleth and is féeble, as Constant. sayth. Sometime it commeth of euill disposition of other members, & the heart is grieued by company there∣of. As when running, fléeting, smoke, or other humour (that is greuous) commeth from the braine, or from the stomacke: and so the substance of the heart is hurt and grieued, and fayleth: and therefore such heart quaking commeth of sharpe∣nesse of smoke, or of matter that pitcheth and pricketh and bitcth the substaunce of the heart, and so bréedeth quaking there∣in. Also ther cōmeth thirst, through pres∣sing and wringing of the heart, and for strength of heate: and so commeth dry∣nesse, and thirst, and séething, and lowde breathing, for the ayre, for it may not open it selfe. Also quaking commeth of melancholike smoke, of drinesse distour∣bing the spirit. Also sloth commeth: for kinde heate fayleth, and thereof bréedeth sluggishnesse and sloth. Also of default of the heart, & of féeblenesse of spirits com∣meth swoning that is called Spasmati∣on, & that cōmeth somtime of accidents of the soule, as of dread that closeth the heart lightly. Some of too great ioye, or of wrath, that openeth the heart to soone and so spirits passe out by Euaporations, Solutions, and shedding. Sometime it commeth of accidents of the body, as of euill complection, of great repletion of meate and drink, or of great abstinence, of stopping of the veynes, & of pressing and wringing of spirites: and somtime of too great sweating. And of this swo∣ning, some that swowne dye sodainly, if the hallow veyne be stopped, by y^t which veyne the bloud and the spirite of lyfe commeth to the heart: or if the way bée stopped, by the which the lunges receiue colde aire, & put from them superfluitie of fumosifies. And somtime it commeth of great pressing of the full stomacke, or of great pressing of the mother.

In all these perills if humour be the cause, that humour shall be purged in due manner, that is in default. Men shal giue the patient medicines confortatiue and reparatiue, that restore the spirites, and bringeth them againe. If it come of great sleeting and running, or of great sweating, the running shall be stinted, & the sweating let. If it commeth of great repletion the stomacke shall be voyded & discharged. Against heart quaking, men shall giue confortatiues, as Diamarga∣ricon, electuaries and medicines, in the which with other confortatiues, is put Muste, gold, or Margarite, or Pearles, & bones of the heart of an Hart, Ambre, Lignum Aloes, and Spodium: for all these helpe agaynst the Cardiacle swo∣ning and other such euills of the heart. namely, when they come without Fea∣uers, for in the Feuers we shall giue no hot medicines.

Another declaration concerning the trembling of the heart.* 1.94 The cause of this infirmitie commeth of euill hu∣mours, which be in the cells about the heart, it may come also of much swea∣ting, or weakenesse of bodye, of grose∣nesse of bloud, and of melancholy, the humours stopping the celles next the heart breedeth tremblyng, of whence proceedeth thirst, and deepe fetching of winde, as also dulnesse, feare, and sorrowe. To cure the same vse Ma∣ces in your meates, and mirth with godlye companye, and beware of pen∣siuenesse.

¶Of the feauer. Cap. 33.

THe feuer commeth of dissemperance of the heart: For as Constant••ne sayeth, A Feauer is an vnkinde heate, that commeth out of the heart, and pas∣seth into all the members of the bodye, and grieueth the working of the bodye. Also in Epid. Ipocras sayeth, That a Feauer is a heate, that passeth out of course of kinde, and grieueth the works of kinde. And Auicen sayeth in this manner: A Feauer is straunge heate kindeled in the heart, and commeth out thereof, by meane of spirites and of bloud, by veynes and wosen into all the

body, and burneth therein, and that bur∣ning grieueth the workes of kinde. Also Ipocras saith, a Feauer is a flame that commeth from the breast, and passeth into all the body. As mans body is made of three things, so be there three diuers feuers.* 1.95 Mans body is made of 3. things: of subtill things, as of spirites: and flée∣ting things, as of humors: and of more bodely things, as of the members. Then the first manner feuer is, when the spi∣rites be distempered in heate, and is cal∣led Effimera, one dayes feuer. The se∣cond is in humours, and is called Febris putrida, rotted. The third that falleth in the sad members is called Ethica. And Constantine saith, that Galen lykeneth those feuers to good lykenesses. Effime∣ra that feuer (saith he) séemeth lyke to hot wine, of which wine if a bottle be full, néedes the bottle wereth hot of the heate thereof: And the same working commeth of an hot spirite about the hart and all the body. And Febris putrida, rotted, is lyke to hot water: For when hot water filleth a colde vessell, it hea∣teth the vessell by heate thereof, and so hot humours heate all the bodie and the members. And a feuer Etike is lykened to an hot vessell full of colde water: for cold water taketh heate of a hot vessel. So a feauer Etike, when it is rotted in the members heateth the heart, & distem∣pereth and chaungeth the other humors of the bodye.

¶Of the Feauer Effimera. Cap. 34.

GAlen saith, that Effimera, one dayes feuer, hath that name of Effimeron, that is to vnderstand, simple: for it com∣meth of distemperance, that is in a sub∣till substance, as in a spirite, or as Isaac saith in li. febrium, that this feuer hath this name Effimera of Effimeron, a fish of the Sea, that dyeth the same day that he hath first lyfe. Or els as Masters tel, that feuer is as it were the heate of one day: for in Gréeke, Meron is a day, and his heat passeth seldom y^t space of a day, for alwaye it faileth soone after a daye, or turneth into feuer Putrida or Etike, as Const. saith, & Isaac also. And this fe∣uer commeth of an inward cause, & also of an outward cause: and it commeth of an outward cause in two manners, of colde or of heate: of colde, as of sodaine coldnesse of the aire, when the poores bee sodainly closed without, hot fumositie is stopped and closed within, & of the bea∣ting, mouing, and stirring of this sumo∣sitie heate is increased and strengthened, and thereof commeth distemperaunce of the heart. Sometime it commeth of di∣stemperance & heate of the aire, or of the sunne, when y^e spirit of féeling is distem∣pered by smiting of the sunne beames: and for company and ioyning of spirites and of humors, all the man is distempe∣red. Somtime of inward cause: for by heate of spirits & of humors, in some case mans complection is soone chaunged, as by too great trauaile, and by too great vse of hot meate, & of hot drinke, as of white wine and such other: by too great vse thereof, ofte the heate kindleth and wer∣eth strong, and bréedeth the feauer Effi∣mera. Among other feauers, men fall soo∣ner and lightlier into this manner of fe∣uer, and is harde to heale, and is peril∣lous and grieuous, if it turneth into the feuer Putrida or Ethica. And this feuer commeth specially of some postume that bréedeth in the clift betwéene y^e buttocks, & vnder the arme pits: the which Po∣stumes Phisitions call Bubones: and therfore not without a cause it is said in Apho. All euill feuers be in Bubonibus, except Effimera. Signes & tokens therof is y^e vrine not far from whole vrine, some deale high of colour, & some deale cleane and subtill, the pulse is hard and swift, and ofte smiting, not much passing out of temperatenesse. The other vertues, as appetite & wilfull mouing, be lyttle changed. This feuer is soone helpe, if the patient vse couenable diet, and is well ware of that thing that grieueth.

¶Of the feuer Etike. Cap. 35.

THe feuer Etike hurteth and grieueth the sadde members, and hath that name Ethica of Ethis, that is Habitudo hauing and during, as it were a feauer

tourned into during disposition. Some∣time the feuer Etike is an euill by it selfe, and sometime it commeth by reson of another disease: and commeth some∣time of too hot meate & drink, and some∣time of great trauayle and businesse, as of great studieng or of waking, and of other such that heateth the spirite of fee∣lyng: and so the spirite of lyfe, and also kinde moysture is made hot and lesse, and so the Etike is bred. Also sometime it commeth of another euill, as of Effi∣mera, or of the feuer Putrida, that com∣meth and goeth, or of a sharpe, and of an hot postume. For ofte it happeneth, that Effimera passeth the thirde daye in one qualytie, and appeareth in the skinne of the patient a manner darkenesse, wan∣nesse, yeolownesse, and wasting, & then that Effimera chaungeth into Etike. E∣tike commeth most of Effimera, y^t com∣meth most of anguish, wrath, sorrowe, hate, studieng, great waking, and by such lyke businesse of the soule. And it com∣meth of a feuer that commeth and go∣eth on this manner: For vnkinde heate heateth and dryeth the members, and al∣so of an ague, for it heateth y^e bloud, or hath masterie and wasteth the substan∣tiall moysture, When bloud is made thin, it is not due feeding of the mem∣bers, and so followeth consumption and wasting: as it fareth in a trée that is dried in Summer by heate and drinesse of the aire that wasteth the moysture: or of scarcitie of feeding, as it fareth in win∣ter, when the leaues fall: or of corrup∣tion of feeding, and of medling & chaun∣ging to euill medlyng and qualyties, as to glassinesse, and brimstoninesse, and other such: as it fareth in mens bodies, and sometime remouing of foode is cau∣sed through default of might in digest∣ing of meate and drinke, and restoring of that which is wasted and spent, as it fa∣reth in olde men. And sometime strong heate hath the masterie in the body, and drieth and wasteth substantial humour and moysture of members: and that fal∣leth ofte and commeth ofte in Etike of an ague, or of accidents of y^e soule, when the bloud within chaungeth the radicall members out of their sauour: as it fa∣reth in postumes of long time during, that heate the bodye and wast it: and be sometime cause of the feuer Etike, or of disposition. Generally these be signes and tokens of such a feuer, noyfull heate euen and like in all the parts of the bo∣die. The second token is, that the heate is lyght and not pricking, so that the pa∣tient feeleth vnneth that he hath the fea∣uers. The thirde signe is, that the cou∣lour of the patient is wan•• as lead, or els yeolow. The fourth token is, that y^e bo∣die is rough, the eyen hollow, with drye blearinesse, for the moyst féeding of the eyen is withdrawen. Particular signes be diuers, as such a feuer is diuers. This feuer is diuers, as the humidities are di∣uers: for Auicen saith, that ther be foure moystures. The first is in the vttermost parts of small veynes, that entreth into the Essencia of members and of partes lyke: and when this moysture ouer∣wereth, then commeth a feauer that is called Putrida, and no Ethica, but ther∣of lightly commeth Ethica. The seconde moysture is in the poores of the members of parts that be like, as a deawe, and is called a drawe of Authors: and when that deaw is ••uer chafed, then commeth the first manner of Ethike. The thirde moysture is chaunged & turned by wor∣king of members of parts that be lyke, in part of kinde and complection of the manner of members, & standeth in steed of things that be lost and wasted: and therefore Authors call it Cambium,* 1.96 chaunge: as when it is ouer chased, then commeth the second manner of Ethike. The fourth moysture bindeth and conti∣nueth all the members together, & com∣meth of moysture Sparmatike, and this is called Glutinum,* 1.97 glewing of partes, and when it is wasted, it maye not bée restored: and héereof commeth the third manner of Etike, that is incurable. For if this moysture might be restored, there might be againe tourning from age to youth, as Auicen saith. And so as Isaac sayth in lib. De Febribus, the first man∣ner Ethike is lyghtly curable, and harde to be knowen, but if heate increaseth & dryeth: the moysture that is nigh, is dryed.

And then commeth the seconde manner Etike, and this is light to know, and hard to be healed and cured. And when heate increaseth so much, that it dryeth the moysture, that bindeth the members to∣gethers, then commeth the third manner Etike, that is easie to know, and impossi∣ble to be cured. In the first manner of Etike, with generall signes which be re∣hersed before, heat increaseth afore meat. In the second, heate is felte more after meate, and in the thirde, most. In libro Febrium, Isaac telleth the cause thereof, and sayeth, that moysture of meate and drinke is contrary to the kinde heate.

And therefore sometime it stiffeleth All vnkinde heate, as in the first manner E∣tike, that féebleth, and therefore before meate is great heate: and if heate that is féebled within, sufficeth not to stiffle vnkind heat, it is excited by his cōtrary, and flyeth his contrary, and commeth to vtter members: as when colde water is throwen on a lyme stone, y^t is burnt, and not quenched, as Isaac sayth. The thirde manner Etike is openly knowen, for the face turneth into a pale coulour and hiewe: for the subtill moysture is fordryed, and for default or vertue, the nosethrills be thin and sharpe, the eyen be hollow, the temples be rough and not plaine. For when the humours be wa∣sted, the roughnesse and ioyntes of the boanes be séene, the mouing of the lyds and of the browes are heauie, for dri∣nesse of the eyen, and therefore the eyen cloase wilfullye, as they were heauie of sléepe: and for default of ver∣tue and strength they be felt cold & drye but by abiding, alway commeth vp more colde and more. If they be vncouered and naked, it séemeth that they haue no guts, and the groping of them is as the groping of a bourd. If the skinne bee areared, it commeth not downward for default of moysture. The pulse is féeble, thicke, and harde: the vrine is like oyle in lycour, and if it be shedde on a stone, it séemeth as oyle.

The first manner of this euill must be soone holpe, that it fall not into the seconde manner Etike, that is harde to helpe. And it is holpe by meane dyet and temperate, and by medicines that beare downe heate: and that comfort and resto∣reth that which is lost. And heereto hel∣peth namely an Electuary, that is ca••led Electuarium patris, and he must vse to be bathed with roses, violets, hockes, and other h••arbes that comfort and moyst. And the bath shall not be too hot, but as it were luke hot, least the humours be to soone wasted: and men shall not long a∣bide in the bath. He shall be annoynted with an oyntment, that restoreth, and cooleth, and maysteth, as with oyle of vi∣olet, with white home, with milke of a woman that féedeth a male childe. And specially Platenar.. saith, y^t Goats milke, in the which stones of riuers are quen∣ched, helpeth them that haue the Etike & Tisike, if they take it fasting, while the stomack•••• is voyde.

This feuer Etike, or Hectica passio,* 1.98 is taken for one of the kindes of a con∣sumption, because it consumeth the na∣turall humiditie in man: that is to say, it doth, consume bloud, and so conse∣quently nature. The causes of this fea∣uer, tis by too much medling with wo∣men, as also long continuaunce of sick∣nesse. It may come of extr••me labour, which few hurt themselues with or by debilitie of some principall member. There bee three kindes of this feauer: the first as a vehement heate, which is in the bloud, distempering the heart: the second, an ardent heate inflaming the principal members, through the ca∣lidetie of bloud: the thirde, doth ari∣fie and drye vp the naturall humiditie in 〈◊〉〈◊〉 man. Qualitie the heat of the bloud, wi••h colde hearbes, barley water, and 〈…〉〈…〉perate meates.

¶Of the Feauer putrida. Cap. 36.

FEbris putrida, & rotted feauer hath that name of rotted humours, of the which it is bred. And Isaac saith, y^t this rottennes cōmeth in this manner: of euil humors & of superfluitie thereof gathered in some part, by strange heate & vnkind, y^t cōmeth by some chance, ther is a man∣ner distroubling & mouing of these hu∣mours,

and by that straunge heate, the humours boile and be not defied, neither departing is made betweene the euill parts and the good. And so the good parts be not cleansed, but medled with y^e euill partes by such boiling. And therefore needes the parts be corrupt and ros••••ed. Then when thicke matter and grease and gleamye, so ioyned in the bodye, mooueth by heate, it needeth that it bee resolued and shedde into vapour, the which vapoure entereth into the thing that is moyst and thicke, and bideth there, and mooueth and biteth it selfe, and may not fréelye passe out for great∣nesse and thicknes of matter that letteth it: And so it is corrupt and rotten. And to this manner rotting, the complection of young folke is disposed, namely their complection is hot and moyst, and bée not disposed thereto, when the heate and moysture passeth. And colde com∣plection and dry is not so disposed to rot∣tennesse. And therefore selde olde men haue rotted feauers, for drinesse of com∣plection drieth and ioyneth humource, and letteth and withstandeth the depar∣ting and shedding of matter that is and bee meame disposition to rottennesse. For coldness fresheth, and letteth the heart that maketh boiling and seething. Then it is openlye knowne, that the cause that maketh rottennesse is moy∣sture, that disposeth, and heate that moo∣neth humours, and maketh them boile: And the dregges thereof bée not depar∣ted nor cleansed, but alwaye medled to∣gether, as Isaac sayth. Therefore néedes they bee disposed to rottennesse, and namely straightnes and closing of pores in the bodye, helpeth to this rottennesse. For when the poores bée straight and stopped, the superfluitie may not bée re∣solued nor departed, nor passe out. And therefore it néedeth that the more moo∣uing of humours be made by heate, and more mouing and corruption: namelye, when such heat is vnkinde, & ruleth not kind but corumpeth it. Also these causes of rotting haue other causes without▪ y^t helpe them in working, as vnmoderate dyet and trauayle and also inordinate medicines, & other such, that worke and bring to corruption and 〈…〉〈…〉 wards, when they be take 〈…〉〈…〉 warde to the body in v••••ue manner and vnce∣uenable time. Then of moisture, so cor∣rupt in some part of the body is resol∣ued a hotte, and a corrupt smoake that goeth to the heart, and distempereth and grieueth the heart, & then this smoake theddeth it selfe into the veyns, and bree∣deth in the body and pipes a retted fea∣uer, as Isaac saith and Constantine al∣so. Then such rotted matter that is cause of a rotted feauer, is either conteined in some hollownesse of the bodie, as in the stomacke or in the liuer, or some where cise, and then it is cause of a feauer that is called Interpolata, y^e commeth & go∣eth: or it is cōteined in y^e veines or pipes, & then it is cause of a feauer continuall. The cause of the continuance of a rot∣ted feauer is corruption of a humour, & constraining of a vapour, that inflameth & burneth in pipes & veines. And so the cause & the solution of al rotted feuers is knowne in generall, wh••ther they bée continuall or discontinuall.

The tokens of the Feauer Pu∣trida, chap. 37.

OF these rotted Feuers procéed some generall signes and tokens.* 1.99 The first is, for the matter of such a feuer a∣bideth long in the bodye: And when a straunge cause commeth thereto, it hea∣teth & rotteth in déed The second signifi∣cation is, that before such a feauer com∣meth grilling and colde, namelye if the matter be within the veines & nigh to the members of féeling. For of cold mat∣ter cōmeth some smokes y^t grieueth the sinewes of feeling, & thereof commeth grillings, shiueriug and colde. The third signification is, y^t such a feuer commeth and goeth by seasons, and ceaseth open∣ly, as it sureth sometime in continuall feauers. The fourth is, for such a feauer bréedeth most anguish, for plentre and thicknesse of smoake that is bred of rot∣ted matter: And therfore heate and ver∣tue be ordeined, that kinde may deliuer it selfe of that same smoke. And this time is diuers by diuersitie of matter in

subtiltie and in thicknesse. For if the matter be subtill, & the vertue strong, it is lightly dissolued and shedde into the body: And the vertue cōmeth againe to y^e mēbers as before hand: And if the mat∣ter be thick and the vertue féeble, it is y^e contrary. The fifth token is in the state of y^e Feuers, for then come accidents y^t betoken the complection of rotting, as of head ach, euill breath, thirst, and such other. The sixt is when bodies bée not full clensed in the resting of the Feuer: but yet euill qualities abide in the bo∣die: for which qualyties féeblenesse a∣bideth in the bodie, and the feuer and the axes come againe. The seauenth is, that it abideth not in one manner estate, as other Feauers dot in the solution, but it resteth all in seasons, & passeth as in con∣tinuall Feauers betwéene axes. Manye other signes ther are, that be shewed in perticular Feauers.

* 1.100This Feauer maye come diuerse wayes, by alteration of aire, by inordi∣nate labour, ouermuch riding & tra∣uailing, by surfet: vse good diet.

Of the Feauer Cotidian. Chap. 38.

* 1.101OF Feauers that come and goe, some come of simple humour rotted with∣out the veines and pipes, as of kinde fleame, commeth a very Cotidian: of red Cholera, a Tercian: of blacke Cholera, a Du••••tane. And some commeth of an humour compounded, as a Cotidiane: some commeth of a sowre fleme, & some of glassie fleme•• & some of swéete fleme, and some of salt fleme. And these diuer∣sities of Feauers be knowne by theyr owne signes and tokens. And common∣ly in this Feauer commeth head ache, wearishnesse of mouth, heuinesse of bo∣die, first the colde, and thereafter y^e heat, and euery daye axes: and yet worse, for some daye commeth double axes.* 1.102 The matter of these Feauers shall be defied, departed, and put out with couenable medicines, and ruled with couenable di∣et. But beware the Phisitian, that it tourne not in Nuartane, or in Etike.

This Cotidian vexeth daylye,* 1.103 his beginning is cōmonly after salt fleame, there followeth drinesse & thirll, if the sleme be sweete, then followeth sleepi∣nesse, & dulnes, if the sleme be ••owre, followeth paine in the stomacke, and vomiting.

Of the Feauer Tertian & his signes and cure. ca. 39.

A Feauer Tercian commeth of Cho∣lera rotted without the veines and pipes,* 1.104 and is not gathered to a postume. Some Tercian commeth of kind Cho∣lera, and some of vnkinde Cholera, as of ritrine and yelow Cholera. If a Ter∣cian commeth of kind Cholera, these be the signes and the tokens. It grieueth from the middaye vnto the third, and namely about the thirde houre: First with shiuering and colde, and then with heat and with ach of the forehead, with bitternesse of mouth, with thirst, with ringing of the eare, and with much wa∣king, the vrine is red, subtill, and thin, and may haue in grieuing and trauaile 24. houres at the most, and 24. houres in rest. And as the matter is diverslye set, and in diuerse places, so signes and tokens be diuerse. For if the matter bée in the mouth of the stomacke, the ach of the forehead is the more. And also thirst with roughnesse & drinesse of the throat, and of the mouth, and desire and will of∣spuing, the vrine is high of colour. And if the matter be in the guts, the foresaid signes be not so strong and high, but the ach is about the nauell, and the vrine is more high of colour. And if the mat∣ter be in the liuer, or in the case of the gall, the vrine is more couloured with yeolow fome aboue and about. If the Feauer commeth of citrine or yeolow Cholera, the signes and tokens be some den••e diuerse. For it grieueth first with shiuering, and then with heate, and mo∣ueth betwéen the houre of Cholera & the houre of fleame, & the vrine is yeolow meanly and thin, but drawing more to∣ward thinnesse, & moueth in vncerteine houres: for it commeth sometime sooner, and sometime later, & hath the foresaide

signes, that is to wit, ach of the forhead, &c. But they bée more slacke then the first.

The feauer is somtime simple, and sometime double, as the Cotidiane or Continuall. That feauer is simple that commeth of one matier, rotted onely in one place, & that feauer is double, that commeth of diuerse Cholera rotted in diuerse places: As a feauer continual is double, that commeth of diuerse fleme, rotted in diuerse places. The signe and token of such a Tercian is, that it grie∣ueth euerye daye. First with shiuering, and then with heate, and is most grie∣uous from the third daye to the thirde daye, and in diuerse houres. The vrme is meane in substaunce, and some deale redde, and somewhat beshaddowed a∣boue. And so when the cause of a sim∣ple feauer Tercian is knowen, then first diet shall be ordeined, as age, time, and qualitie of kinde as keth. Then shal fol∣low couenable medicines. First y^e mat∣ter shall be defied with a sowre s••rop, Then when the matter is defied, it shal be purged with laxatiue Drimell, and with other couenable medicine. If the matter be in the mouth of the stomack, spuing shall bée excited: but the matter must be first defied. For it néedeth to doe medicine to remoue the matter that is defied, and not to moue rawe matter, as it is said in Aphor. And the matter digested is knowne by the timelye and sooner comming of accesse, and by slack∣nesse of shieuering and of colde. And by increasing of heate, and by long during affliction, and by thicknesse of vrine. Then when such signes bée séene of di∣gestion, the matter of the Feauer shall be purged, whether it be double or sim∣ple, but alwaye with consideration and cautile: So that if the matter bée sim∣ple, the medicine shall be simple, and if the matter be double, the medicine shall be double.

* 1.105This Feauer vexeth euery second daye, and there may be a double Ter∣cian. This commeth of Cholar, & vex∣eth in the vaines, the Feauer Causon vexeth to the lungs.

Of the Feauer quartane, his signes and remedies. Chap. 40.

THE Feauer quartane commeth of Melancholia rotted without the veines and pipes,* 1.106 and not gathered to a postume. And this feauer commeth som∣time of kinde Melancholia, and some∣time of Melancholia that is vnkind. Of a feuer quartane that commeth of kind Melancholia, these be the signes and the tokens: It grieueth from the fourth daye, to the fourth daye, with grilling and rising of the haire in the powers first: And then with light heate, and hath foure and twentie houres in the geatest trauaile, and 48. in rest: And trauaileth and grieueth in the hours of Melancholia, that is before the ninth houre, and kéepeth certeine tunes of ar∣cs. After the axes, the vrine is somwhat yeolowe, and is in the dayes of rest, as it were rawe and pale, or somewhat white and thinne. If the matter bée in the stomacke, the mouth is sowre, with mistering of the eien, and turgidi∣nesse, and with other euill signes and in∣ordinate, with elengenes, and sorrowe, with dread anguish, and woe, and other harde passions of the soule. In the body is heauinesse and stownesse, and indige∣stion, and swelling of Ades, heauinesse of the thighs, legs, and ioyntes, vnrest of waking, dread in sléeping, wannesse in nailes and lippes, and namely in the time of axes, ach in lyndes and loines, and of the left flanke and small ribbes, with swelling of y^e splene, with strength of appetite. For heauie melancholik hu∣mour putteth downe meate and drinke, to the bottome of the stomack. And ther∣fore the mouth of the stomacke is void, and appetite is excited. There be other manner Feauer quartanes, that come with medling of some other humour, and are called Nothe. And in such feuer ••uartanes signes be diuerse, which bée medled with melancholike humour: But our purpose nowe is to declare the difference of those feauers. Then when the cause of the ••••nartane is kno∣wen in his owne diuersitie, strong me∣dicines that defie, shall be giuen at the

beginning: for the matter is sad & thick. And therfore men shall giue medicines, which defie the matter and cleanse, as Oximell simple and Squiliticum, and other such: when the matter is defied, it shall be cleansed and purged with medi∣cine, that is appropried therto. He shall be bathed and slewed with hot hearbs, which open and close, but let him be∣ware of melancholike meats and grie∣uous. Hée shall vse Electuaries and hot powders, that comfort & wast, & chaunge the melancholike humour: And he shall vse medicines y^t glad, as Drascene, Dia∣borage, Leticia, Calingale, & other such, and he shal be annointed with hot oint∣ments that comfort.

* 1.107Euerie third day, that is to say, two dayes whole, & one sicke, & ther may be a double Quarten. This commeth of melancholy, or of cholora adusted, who that hath this disease with the blacke launders, shall hardly be cured: vse to purge as aforesaid.

The Feauer continuall.cap.41.

* 1.108 Continuall Feauer commeth of hu∣mour rotted within the veines, of the which humour smoake commeth to the heart, & grieueth the heart, and brée∣deth in the bodye & Feauer that is cal∣led Continuall. Sometime this humour is simple, and sometime double •• Sim∣ple when bloud rotteth in the veins and bréedeth continuall Feuer, that is called Sinochus. And when it rotteth not, it creaseth in quantitie and is ouer set: and the fumosities that be moued and bra∣ten, bee made hot and distemporate and distempereth the spirit of lyfe. And there commeth the Feauer that is called Si∣nocha in flatiua swetting. And somtime Cholera rotteth in the most subtil veins of the mouth, of the stomack, of y^e heart, of the liuer, & of the lungs, that is called Causen: for it burneth and kindleth the spirituall members. And sometime it rotteth in other veines, & is called Ter∣ciana, and continuall: and somtime Cho∣lera, & bloud rot togethers in the veines and pipes, and if the more part of bloud rot, then it is called. Sinocides. And if the more parte of Cholera rotteth, the Feauer is called Causonides. Then for diuerse causes bee diuerse signes of the feuer that be called Sinochides, these bee the signes and tokens thereof: The Feauer is continuall, and there is sharp ach of the forehead and temples, strong thirst, 〈…〉〈…〉réetnesse of mouth, redde vrine and thicke, and some deale wanne The same signes almost be in the Feauer that is called Sinocha Inflatiua, except wannesse of vrine. Also the eien appere bolning outwarde, with fulnesse of veines, and rednesse of face, and heaui∣nesse of all the body. And in Causon, and in the other, the vrine appeareth redde, and subtill within, shaddowed with a manner of blacknesse with so great ach of the forehead and temples that the eien & the temples seeme as they were pear∣ced with nailes, with coulour in the bo∣die medled with yeolownesse. Thust ceaseth not, with steadfast waking, and toughnesse and burning of the tongue, with hard wombe: of Cholera if it haue a default in qualitie or in quantitie, then commeth the ••••re of the wombe, & cho∣larike spuings and the same signes & to∣kens appeare in Causonide and Si∣nochide, and the diuersitie thereof is knowne most by vrine. In these conti∣nuall Feuers, that teme of bloud, & men shall be let bloud in both armes, if strength and age will suffer. The dyet of such shall bée scarse and ••elde, as crummes of bread washed in water, prunes sod; and such medicines as shall abate and chaunge the bloud, as a sowre siroppe of violet and other such Against accidents of these euills, as against 〈◊〉〈◊〉 a∣king and ach of the forehead. and other such, it néedeth most to take héede: Sometime this euill endeth with sweate healthfullye, and sometime with bleeding at the nose, or else where.

He that hath this Ague, a smokye house, a lowsie bed, & a curst queane,* 1.109 shal not neede the Phisition, neuerthe∣lesse kepe good diet.

Addition:

FEbris Ephemera, or Febris Diaria,* 1.110 this feauer is the original other of all Feauers, this name Ephimer is said

signifie a beast about the riuer Hyp∣panis, that dyeth the same daye it receiueth lyfe, called Ephimeron, Aristotle. So commonlye this Feauer in one daye is vexing and voide.

This commeth of inflamation of the vitalles, sometime of fretting, anger, thought, sorrowe, or of greate hunger and thirst, as also by breaking of dy∣et: The chiefest remedye is tempo∣••aunce.

Febris Sinochos, a Feauer without rest, continually vexing.

Febris Sinocha, this both differ from Sinochos, because the vexed féeleth some rest.

Febris Homothena, is knowne by the vrine, that is dimme and swart in coulour.

Febris Augmastica, The Urine is bliewishe and watrye in a disea∣sed.

Febris Epamastica, The vrine is red and bright, these thrée vrines doe of∣ten visite those that bée sicke in theyr finger and greate toe, and sometimes they cannot tell where. Neuerthelesse, (Conceit) which is the mother of (Fol∣lye) through too much nicenesse increa∣seth to disease in déede: W••ise Phisi∣tions canne tell howe to cure such Patients, unto whome is ministred golden Angelles, for daintye sim∣ples. The cause of these Feauers doe come of the aboundaunce of wealth.

Febris Ardens, This is a violent Feauer, hotte and firye, one of the worst, verye daungerous, this com∣meth of Cholar, differing but lyttle from the Feauer Tercian. For the matter is in the hollownesse of the lunges and liuer, and is cause of great drynesse in the mouthe. Use Cas∣sio Fistula, and the stroppe of Uio∣lettes.

Febris Emphisodes, this commeth of great heate, and after two or thrée fittes the Patient breaketh out into whelkes and scabbes aboute the mouth and nose.* 1.111 This commeth of the in∣flamation of the Liuer, to cure this Feauer, and also to preuent all other Feauers whatsoeuer, so preserue in men theyr naturall strength, and in women theyr beautie and youth. You must use of Lycoras one Dunce, of Carawaye séede halfe an Dunce, of Cardamum halfe an Dunce, of Sage, Hisoppe, and Cardus Benedictus, of each halfe and handfull. Of Galingale minor, a quarter of an Dunce: then bruse your drugges, and binde toge∣ther your hearbes, and féeth all in a Gallon of pure running water, vntill halfe a pinte bée diminished, and in sée•••• thing lette it bée verye close couered, and so let it stande or euer you straine the same sixe houres. Then lette your sodden Licoras and Cardamum, re∣maine in your strayned drinke, and so vse thereof Morning and Euening at your discreation, for fouretéene dayes, &c. Which obscrued, I doubt nothing more, then that this me∣dicine will bée too good for: some, that maye chaunce to bée vnthanke∣full.

Febris Hemitricea, This Fea∣uer commeth of a Cholarike humour mixt with fleame.

Febris Epialtes, This procée∣deth of grose fleame, and maketh the interiour partes to bourne, and the exteriall partes of the bodye colde, there must bée medicines to dissolue the Fleame, the patient is thirstye, and the tongue furred and rough.

Febris Liparios, This is the Leprous Feauer or scurnye, and commeth of hotte Cholarike humour mixte with corrupte fleame, causing the inwarde partes of the bodye to bée colde, and the outwarde partes to bée hotte, first purge Flegma and Cholar: sweate three or foure houres, and refraine the open ayre. Drinke scuruie Grasse in white Wine, warme the iuyce, two dayes, two houres before meate.

Febris Tetrahea, This is a feauer vexing euerye parte in the bo∣dye, this commeth of rotten mat∣ter, and likewise of superfluous dregges indigested, and this Feauer

ingendereth the blacke saunders, hée that hath this Feauer is often yaning, prouide to bée purged, but not rashty.

Febris Erretica or Commixta, the commi••t Feauer, this commeth of two causes, thicknesse of bloud, the second of of Cholar and fleame not naturall, let the pa••ient bloud in C••phalica, if of bloud: if of Cholar in Mediana: if of fleme in Sophena and Cardiaca, taking heed: both to y^e age, strength and youth of the patient.

Febris Pestilencia, or Epidimea, the pestilent agu•• or Feauer, this commeth of infection of aire, & many other waies, Mitridate in Barlye water is good to drinke.

Thus have I gathered the Feauers togethers, forth of sundry Authours, to the end that they may be the better kno∣wen, and for the same remedye of the diseased.

Of fleame. chap. 42.

SOmetime fleame rotteth in the veines & pipes, and bréedeth a Fea∣uers Cotidiane continuall. The signes & tokens thereof is continuall heat, and most by night, without warning of com∣ming, heauinesse of head, and wearish∣nesse of mouth. Urine with light cou∣lour, it is thicke, and hath eighteene houres in most trauaile; and sixe in false rest. And somtime Melancholy rotteth in the veynes and pipes, and bréedeth a Quartane continuall. The tokens thereof is continuall heate, but most al∣way from the first day to the fourth day, and commeth without warning, with shiuering or grilling, heauinesse of head, soft heate, not ••ull strong And the diffe∣rence of this last Feauer is not lightly knowne by vrine. Also sometime fleme rotteth without, and Cholera within, & then commeth a Feauer that is called the lesse Enutritheus. The signes there∣of be the same that be of a continuall Cotidiane, and then with the same signs late commeth colde, but namely the vt∣ter parts wexe colde, the head is heauy, and the eie lids be ••uer set with false sléepe. And this Feauer hath eightéene houres in most trauaile, and sixe in the meane, but that meane in the Cotidi∣an continuall. Sometime fleame rotteth within, and Cholera without, and brée∣deth a Feauer, which is called the mid∣dle Enutritheus. The tokens thereof are continuall heate, but it is strongest from the third day to the third, and commeth with grilling and with shiuering, with head ach, and with thirst, and hath.36. houres in most trauaile, and.12. in false rest. The vrine is red, and some deale wan, & meanely thicke and thin Some∣time Melancholia rotteth without, and Cholera within, and bréedeth the greate Enutritheus, that hath more heate•• and all accidents worse then the first. Som∣time the vrine is greene somtime black, sometime wan & discouloured: And all these be tokēs of death: & hath 40. hours in y^e most trauel, &.12. in y^e lesse trauell. An vntunning Phisition maye vnneth know & ••éeme the kinde, & the diuersity of these double Feuers: For as Hippo∣crates saith in Aphor. There be not al∣way certeine tokens of euills that bée sharp, nor of health, nor of death, as Ga∣len saith: for in such euills sometime a perfect Phisition erreth for swiftnesse of moouing of the matter and the euill, and also for default or vertue of the pati∣ent, the which the Phisition knoweth not. And therfore to speake of these fea∣uers, we shall make an ende. And that which we haue spoken of before is kno∣wen by the d••ctrine of Isaac, Constan∣tine, Auicen, Alexander, & also Galen. And it is not vnknowen, that the lesie Enutritheus is cured with difficultie, and the middle vnneth, but some∣time it is curable, and the greate neuer: but by Gods owne hande, as Galen sayth.

Of rising or standing of haire. Chap. 43.

RIsing or standing of haire is a cer∣teine shrewde disposition,* 1.112 that com∣meth in the bodye of feauerish matter,* 1.113 and commeth before the ares, and shew∣eth of the comming thereof. And it com∣meth of colde smoake, that is resolued, & shed of colde flumatike matter or me∣lancholik.

And this smok al to sheddeth it selfe sodeinlye into the members of the bodie, and toucheth the sinewes and the brawns, and maketh with his cold∣nesse, that the skin shrinketh together. and so straining the mores and the roots of the haires, closeth and stoppeth the pores. And this cold smoake causeth the haire to arise and stande vp rough and straight. Therefore Isidore saith, That the rising & standing of the haire with gastlye affraye, is called Horripilatio. And commeth when the haire of the head ariseth and standeth vp for some feare and gastfulnesse. For sodein dread gathereth heat to the inner partes. And therefore the vtter partes béeing with∣out heat runneth & reueleth togethers. And so in the vtter partes of the skinne vnwilfullye the haire riseth and stan∣deth. The same cause and reason is in rising and standing of haire and qua∣king and cold grilling and shiuering in them that haue the Feauers, as Con∣stantine saith.

Of loathing. chap. 44.

IN the members of féeding fall di∣uers passions and euills, as in the stomacke Fastidium, wambling and ab∣homination, chaunging of appetite, per∣braking, and such other, as Constantine saith: and Fastidium is vnwilfull abho∣mination and wambling of meate and drinke, and most gréeueth the vertue of féeding and of nourishing. For as Isid. saith, Fastidium is sayd as it were ma∣king noise and disease. For a man that hath abhomination,* 1.114 hath noise and dis∣ease in things that another hath solace and liking. This euill abhomination commeth in thrée manner wise. In de∣fault of spirits or of stopping of the si∣newes of féeling, or of to great repletion of humours hotte or colde. The first is knowen, for while spirites bée instru∣mēts of vertues, to excite them to their dooing and working, by defaulte of spi∣rits, the working of the vertue of kinde appetite is lost. Also the second is know∣en, for the appetite of the stomack is cal∣led desire, & commeth of double vertue of the vertue of kinde appetite, & of in∣fluence, & helpeth the vertue of féeling. Then when the sinewes of féeling bée stopped, y^e spirit of féeling may not come downe to the mouth of the stomacke to make appetite, and not causelesse when the principall cause sayleth the appetite faileth. The third is knowen, for sith that appetite commeth because of lere∣nesse & voidnesse.* 1.115 Then when repletion commeth of humours, the appetite is let. These bée the tokens when the appetite faileth, for default of spirites, Leanesse of all the body, that commeth of feuers, of too great fasting, of waking and of flixe of the wombe. Wée knowe step∣ping of sinewes, by that the patient hath no liking in things that he taketh, and then the stomack hath great indig∣nation and wambling: for it is cooled for default of spirits. Also for the same cause, the meate seemeth colde in his pas∣sing. We knowe superfluitie of hot hu∣mours by bitternesse of the mouth, of drinesse of the tongue with thirst, by hot fumositie and smoake, that hildeth and strippeth the rouse of the mouth. Also there is sometime yeolow spuing. Wée know when hot humours be the cause, by some vnsauory or stinking bolkings, by indignation, and by wambling and heauinesse of the stomacke. Then if de∣fault of spirites be the cause, men must work against those things, which make default of spirits. For if default com∣meth of a feauer, men must worke a∣gainst the feauer: and if it commeth of fasting & of wast of the body, men shall restore that which is wasted with meat, and electuaryes, which comfort, and so of other aromatike things, men shall make sawce that restoreth the spirites, and that comfort the mouth of the sto∣macke, as of Uineger and of Mintes, and other such well smelling thinges, shall be held to the patients nose.

If stopping bée the cause: If nothing else letteth, it is good that the patient bée let bloud in the middle veine of the right arme, and men shall giue him hotte medicines that departe, and also hotte things that comfort, as Dyacy∣minum, and other such: except too great

heate be the cause, then men shall vse a sowre s••roppe, and then the matter shall bée auoyded and purged with couena∣ble medicine. And if colde humoures bée the cause, then the stomacke shal be purged with Benedicta, or with other couenable medicine, & with hot things it shall be comforted, diuers meats shal be pro••ered to y^e patient, though it be some deale gréeuous, if he desireth them, so y^t the appetite may be excited, as Hippo∣crates saith, liking meat shall be set be∣fore the patient, & liking drinke, though they be somewhat worse then the best meate and drinke.

* 1.116This impediment commeth of a colde fume, mixt with melancholy & fleame. Also of foolish feare of a fa••e heart, and of a foolish conceit.

Of Bolismus vnmoderate ap∣petite. chap. 45.

BOlismus is vnmoderate and vnmea∣surable,* 1.117 and is as it were an hounds appetite,* 1.118 and commeth of coldnesse of the mouth of the stomacke, and hath mastry with some humour. For strong colde by strength of thrusting & of pressing, thru∣steth and beareth downe the meate and drinke that is taken downward to the neather parts, and so the stomack emp∣tieth, by reson of voidnes & lerenesse, de∣sireth and hath appetite. The stomack is cooled by many causes, as by too cold di∣et, and other such. And Galen saith that Bolismus commeth of too great heate of the nether members, whose veins draw from the liuer, & the liuer draweth from the stomack by certein veins y^t be called Miseralce. And therof commeth sodeine empting of the stomacke, & so commeth strong appetite, as it were of an hound, & vnmoderate. And is knowne by déepe vrine, for it commeth soone, & the vertue faileth not thereby. And colde medicines & grose diet helpeth them that haue this euill. These be tokens of this euill: A man hath vndue appetite, & eateth more then the common doing is: & yet of his great eating the bodye is not amended, but is rather made leane and wasted: With this euil oft commeth the flixe of the wombe. Also sometime the appetite chaungeth & desireth no••full things, as coles, earth, salt, and other such. And it commeth of melancholike humour, or cholarike, y^t infecteth the mouth of y^e sto∣mack, & maketh it as it were hairy: and so y^e stomack infected by reason of like∣nesse, desireth such things, as it fareth in women that goe with child, and in them that withhold menstruall bloud. In thē smoake is resolued & departed, & cōmeth out of vncleane bloud, & infecteth the si∣newes of féeling in the stomack, & chan∣geth appetite & desire. Then against this euill Bolismus hot things shal be taken, y^t comfort the stomacke, & also vnctuous meates, that be araied in great fatnesse, so that the fatnesse fléet in the mouth of the stomacke, & bréede wamblings & ab∣homination And if a cold humour and fleamatike be the cause, as it happeneth oft: then the stomacke shall be cleansed within, with hot electuaries, & without comforted with hot ointments. In such a manner an inordinate appetite shalbe cured.

This greedie appetite is soone quē∣ched,* 1.119 the cause commeth of a cold sto∣macke, good sauours and wholesome smells, be good to reuocat this impe∣diment.

Of yoxing. Chap. 46.

YOxing is a sowne of a violent moo∣uing of the stomack,* 1.120 and commeth of a crampy disposition of y^e stomack: and it commeth of two causes. Principally of too great repletion or of abstinence & wa∣sting, & somtime of cold: by these māner causes y^e sinews of y^e stomack shrinke & riuell, y^e which being shronk, y^t bottome of y^e stomacke is araied vpward, & the vertue of ruling & gouernance laboreth to settle y^e bottōe & bring it into his own kind place: and so of such mouing vp∣ward & downward cōmeth a noise y^t is called yoxing, as some men tel: or els as it séemeth to me when y^e bottome of the stomak is arered, y^e aire y^t is in y^e middle passeth out, & voideth by strēgth of put∣ting of y^e lungs: & méeteth w^t other aire, & passeth by straight passages, & maketh a

noise, which is called yoxing. When it commeth of repletion, it cōmeth with spuing of humoures, or of meate: and then commeth volkinges of diuerse sa∣uours, as the superfluitie of humours is diverse. The disposition of bodie is ple••∣terike, and also too great diet commeth before hand. If it commeth of abstinence and fasting, it is knowen by a feauer or by a flixe of the wombe, or by bléeding, and by other tokens that make the bo∣dye leane and megre. But and it come of cold, it is known by coldnesse of aire, or else by colde diet vsed before, and by such other. Against yoxing that com∣meth of repletion, men shall vse spew∣ings and other doings, that voydeth and heateth, and dryeth. Against yoxing that commeth of abstinence and fasting, if it bée without a Feauer, men shall vse things that restore and moyst. And if it commeth with a Feauer, it is the more perillous. Against yoxing that cō∣meth of colde, men shall vse things that be hot in themselues, and in working. Also snéesing helpeth, and it bée excited: and dreade is good if it come sodeinlye,* 1.121 or if some shamefull dooing be put a∣gainst the patient. For heat gathered in∣ward by shame or by dread, dissolueth & departeth the fumositie & smoake, that is the matter of yoxing.

This Alsoach commeth of a colde stomacke, or of some euill about the heart, it commeth of ouermuch drink∣king. Aqua Composita and Licoras, is very good, and ginger brused grose, & mixt in clarified honnie, & so swal∣lowed downe.

Of Spuing. Chap. 47.

* 1.122SPuing is a violent casting of meat, and of drinke, & of humours, out of the stomack, and commeth in this wise: either by strength of kinde, or by some accident of lykenesse: and somtime superfluitie of hot humours abounde in the stomacke, and sometime of cold hu∣mours: And sometime heate maketh sée∣thing in the stomacke, and dissolueth and departeth humours, and putteth them out, and that out putting is spuing.

As a strong colde in the mouth of the stomacke, by strength of pressing, put∣teth downeward meate and drinke, and is cause of out putting beneth foorth, so heate that hath the masterye, mooueth meat and drinke and humours vpward, and is sometime cause of out putting a∣boue foorth. And sometime is caused superfluitie of meate and of drinke, the which when kinde may not rule it and defie it, she putteth it awaye, and dely∣uereth her selfe thereof, as of thinges which grieue and noy her. And somtime it commeth of qualitie of meate or of drinke, and of sharpnesse & biting therof, that pricke and bite the sinewes of the stomacke, and excite spiewing. And som∣time it commeth of féeblenesse of ver∣tue of with-holding, and strength of the vertue of out putting: So that the sto∣macke may not holde for straightnesse, foode that is receiued: and therefore it ca∣steth it out. And sometime it commeth of strength and biting of medicine: and sometime spuing commeth when the neather partes of the wombe bée stron∣ger, and putteth the superfluities therof vpwarde to the ouer partes. And kinde maye not holde them, but hath abhomi∣nation and abhorreth them, and put∣teth them out by spuing. Also some∣time it happeneth by pressing and rea∣ring of the stomacke by noyfull compa∣ny of other members, when they bée by casualtie gréened, as of the mother. And so oft spuing is a token and a signe, that a woman goeth with childe, as Galen sayth. Spuing is good when it commeth of the vertue and working of kinde, or when it commeth as it shoulde, and when it must bée done by help of medicine: and when it commeth in the day of chaunging, and the patient is reléeued thereby. Good spuing clean∣seth the stomacke, and helpeth and ser∣ueth the vertue of digestion: and dischar∣geth all kind, and reléeueth all the body of man of full many sicknesses and euils. And doth the contrarye if it be not good. And kindly before all spuing, general∣lye commeth moouing and quaking of lippes, and forcing and anguishe of the spirituall members, wambling and

abhomination, opening of the mouth, stretching of the tongue, stretching of veines, of pipes, and of sinewes, teares in the eyen, running out of sweate, chaunging of the throate, and bitternesse and infection of the tongue, of the palat, and of the mouth. Then if spuing bée néedfull, be it excited: and if it be to much and noyfull, bée it restrained and let. A∣gainst spuing that commeth of colde cause helpeth hot medicines and con∣formatiue, both electuaries and oynt∣ments, as Diacetontem calidum, Dya∣ciminum, and other such. And against an hot cause helpeth colde medicines and drie, withholding and constraining me∣dicines, as Zuchara, Rosacea, Diaradon, T••••osandall, and other such.

* 1.123Inuoluntarie comming of this dis∣ease, is by mallice of the stomacke.

Of ach of the belly, and of the stomacke. Chap. 48.

* 1.124WOmbe ach commeth of many cau∣ses, as of heate that dissolueth and departeth: Of colde that constraineth and wringeth: of winde that stretcheth and reaueth, of a Postume that ouer∣setteth and thirsteth, of hotte humour or colde, that maketh the chambers and the dennes among the foldings of the stomacke gleamie. Whereas heate is the cause, the ach pitcheth and pricketh, the bolking is some deale hotte, the Urine is thicke, meat is well defied, the spittle burneth with bitternesse of mouth, cho∣larike durt, and yeolowe vrine. And if colde with the humour bee the cause, the ach is grieuous, great meat is euill de∣fied, and lyght and subtill better. Oft commeth spuing that is flumatike, and raw, hardnesse of the wombe, and sowre bolking. If ventositie bée the cause, it is knowen by routing and rolling, and hurling, and noise, and vnsauourie bol∣kings, by the which bolkings the pati∣ent raueth. If a Postume be in the sto∣macke it is knowne by a feauer that cō∣meth therewith, and by pitching & pric∣king and by burning and indigestion, and by haling & stretching of the mouth of the stomacke.

Then if heate with humour bée the cause, the humour shall bee purged with his owne medicines, yea, & the stomacke shall bée comforted with colde electua∣ries, and baumed without with colde oyntmentes. And if colde with humour bée the cause, it is curable in the contra∣rye manner. And, if ventositie bée the cause, it is curable with medicines that wast ventositie, as with Diamara∣trum, Diaciminum, and other such.

Great ventositie in the body, and name∣ly in the wombe, bréedeth ach and gna∣wing, when ventositie putteth him∣selfe among humours, as sayth Con∣stantine. And therefore it néedeth to suc∣cour with medicines that dissolueth and wasteth ventosities of the wombe. And therefore Constantine sayth, That a cupping cuppe without garsing shall be done about the Nauell, to drawe the ventositie outwarde from the inner partes. For as he saith, ventositie grée∣ueth more in manye causes then hu∣mours, as it fareth in them that haue the dropsie: Of them he setteth an ensample in the same Chapter. Then who so will kéepe continuall health of bodye: shall kéepe the stomacke, that it take not too much meat, for perfect and chiefe medi∣cine is abstinence, as Constanst. saith in 3. chap. De Fastidio.

Fretting of the guttes commeth of emptinesse of the body,* 1.125 to poore men for ••••ck of meat, vnto the rest by dis∣order, many wayes.

Detertura torment. Chap. 49.

AS Constantine sayth,* 1.126 ofte in the wombe is ache and torment, that commeth of humours engleymed in the guttes and bowelles: As the ach that is called I••acus and Colicus, Iliaca pas∣sio, and Colica passio, and other such. Sometime these passions and euilles come of winde and fumosityes, that stretch and hale the bowelles that bee folde and crumpled: Sometime of super∣fluities of humoures, which grieue the substaunce of the bowells and guts: and

somtime of some Postume, that hurteth and grieueth the substance of the bow∣ells. Sometime of the great multitude of Wormes that gnawe the bowelles and guttes within: Sometime of com∣pany of other members, that bréede ach in the bowells: Sometime of sharpnesse of humours, that fret and bite the sub∣staunce of the bowells, and bréed therin whelkes and botches. And these euills & passions haue their owne proper cau∣ses and signes. Then rawe ventositie & thick resolued & departed from humors, when it is closed with durt in the bow∣elles, it bréedeth much gnawing and tor∣ment. And if the fumositie or winde be resolued & departed frō bloudie matter, the ach shall bee stinking as the Com∣mentour sayth. And if it be resolued of Cholarike matter, it is pitching and pricking. And if it bée resolued of Flu∣matike matter, it is called Extensiuus, stretching and running. And if it bée resolued of melancholik matter, it is cal∣led Grauatiuus, fore & grieuous. And if it be resolued of glassie fleame, it is called Congelatiuus, fréesing. And if it bée re∣solued of ventositie alone, then it is cal∣led Dolor deambulatiuus, wandering & walking, so saith the Cōmentator word for worde Super Io. and masters and authours vse these words. This passion and euill shall be cured with medicines, that cleanse and voide, and destroy and wast winde and ventosities. For when greate superfluities and gleamie fill the bowells, they bréede therein right grée∣uous passions and euills. For the bow∣elles bée bounde and glewed with glea∣mye superfluitye, and therefore kinds may not deliuer it selfe of superfluities: Therefore néeds followeth ftretting and gnawing of the inner parte, pressing and wringing of the neather partes, and full greate disturbaunce of the ouer parts by smiting of fumosities, and of smoak. And sometime death commeth & distruction of the bodie, as it fareth in I∣liaca and Colica passione. Oft in such a case men laye to first, things that nesh and moyst the harde matter: and then some deale biting medicines, and at the last néedeful medicines that clense and purge. And so when the inner partes bée discharged and purged, all the kinde shall bée brought into due state and be∣ing. When a Postume occupyeth the stomacke or the bowells, of the matter and stretching of the Postume is great ach and heauinesse in the stomacke, and also in the guts and bowels, and by the qualitie of the matter, and of y^e postume, the anguish & ach is séebler and stron∣ger. For in the more subtile and smaller guts the postume is kept, the more grée∣uous and perillous is alwaye the ach, for the place and way of the passing of durt and of wind is more straight. But héereto within and without succoureth & helpeth medicine, that mea••ely cooleth & swageth, because of the Feauer, and by reason of the matter riping and clean∣sings because of heate and of healing, and sowning, because of the Postume, and of the Botch that commeth after, least the place abide botchy not well hea∣led. All these and many other be known in Viatico, and in Plateario: but it wer•• too much to set them all héere. When Lumbrici, wormes of y^e womb be cause, then is most ach. Lumbrici bée long wormes and rounde, and sharpe at the endes, bredde in the inner partes of the bowells, of gleamie and rawe humors. And when they be in the smallest and longest bowels bred, they be called Lū∣brici, for they be long as Constan. saith. And if they be nourished and fed in the neather great bowels, than they be cal∣led Ascarides & Cucurbini. And of these worms be diuerse manner of kinds and shapes, as they be bred of diuerse mat∣ters, for of salt fleame commeth long Wormes, small, and sharpe. For the heate of that fleame, that moueth from the middle toward the vtter part, draw∣eth a long the matter and kinde of the worme. And drinesse mooueth towarde the middle, and may not spread the mat∣ter abroade, but draweth it togethers, and rolleth it, and maketh it rounde. And therefore Wormes that be so bred be long and rounde. And wormes that be bred of swéete fleame bée long and broade: they be long because of heate, for heat draweth a thing along. And they be

broad, for humour sheddeth & spreadeth abroade. And wormes that be bread of sowre fleame that is colde and drie, be short and rounde. For eyther quali∣tye mooueth towarde the middle, and is contrary to length and breadth. And wormes that be bread of kinde fleame, that is colde and moyst, bée short and broad: short for the coldnesse, and broade for the moysture. And these Wormes be called Ascarides and Cucurbins. For they bee lyke to the séedes of Gourdes. Glassie fleame, for too great colde brée∣deth nothing that hath lyse. These wormes bréede hard ach and torments, and gnawing. Therwith commeth fea∣uers, itching of nose, gris ••ating of teeth, abhomination of meate, stoning and ra∣ning, and léesing of wit, crieng in sléepe, quaking of bodye, putting out and gna∣wing of the tongue, when they haue nought else betwéene theyr téeth. And this commeth for company that the guts haue with instruments of wittes and feeling, and with the chéekes. Then as Constantine saith, it néedeth that these Wormes be soone put out, least they de∣stroye and wast the body, and make the members soft. They bée not put out, but if they bée dead. For while they bée aliue, they cleaue to the guttes, and vnneth goe out. But when they be dead, they bée horrible to kinpe and abhomi∣nable, and so kinde casteth them out. But sometime they passe out, but they be as it were dead and dye anone. Al∣so they bée slaine with bitter thinges, as with Wormewoode, and such other, as Constantine rehearseth in the same Chapter. And all such bitter thinges shoulde bée giuen with honnie, or with milke, or with some swéete things. For wormes loue swéet things: and when they take to them so swéet things, they take bitternesse therwith, and slay them∣selues. For there is the hooke hid vnder meate. When the mother or the bladder is grieued, the bowelles bée grieued for company. For when the necke of the bladder is stopped, the bladder stretcheth through the vrine that is withheld. And when the bladder is stretched, y^e gut that lieth thereto, is pressed and wrong, and let of putting out of durt: and so of ven∣tositie and wind closed within commeth Coliea passio. Constantine sayth, That this passion is bread in a gutte, which is called Colon, that is to say, hollowe: that gut is the bum, and is in the right side of the neather wombe, be clipped as a girdle euen to the left side. And this passion hath seauen manner causes, as Constantine sayth. The first is firye heate and cholarike, meddeled with fea∣uers, and drieng and dardning the moi∣sture of durte, and letteth outpassing and deliueraunce of durt. The seconde cause is thicknesse and greatnesse of dry and stopping meates, that let delyu••∣raunce and out passing of durt. The third is gleaming flume, letting and stopping the wayes of the neather deli∣ueraunce. The fourth is thicke and greate ventositie and Winde, meddeled with gleamie humours, stretching and haling the gutte. The fifth is a Po∣stume bread in the gutte, letting frée out passing of durte. The sixt is multi∣tude of short and broad wormes, and of long and rounde Wormes, that bée dead, and cleaue togethers in this gut, & may not haue passage to voide out ther∣of. The seauenth is vnféelingnesse of the got, that feeleth not the griefe of durte, neyther putteth it out. This passion, of what cause so euer it come, grieueth and tormenteth the body grieuously, & hath generall and proper accidents: For gene∣rally therewith commeth spuing, abho∣mination and wambling, fretting, and gnawing, passing ach and sore in that side of the wombe, and hardnesse of the wombe. And if it commeth of hot cause, it séemeth that the wombe is sticked & pricked with néedles. And so the patient dyeth, but if he haue some remedye. And if it come of a colde cause: then is felt great gréenaunce, but the ach is not pas∣sing but in one place. And if it come of winde and ventositie, the ach stretcheth and spreadeth, and chaungeth place with grinding and swelling. If it com∣meth of a Postume, there is heate with ach, and Feauers with thirst and with roughnesse of tongue: If it commeth of Wormes, there is torment and ach and

abhomination. And sometime he casteth out wormes at the mouth. And shortly to speake, the euill is pestilent and ••••r∣reyne, slaieng anone, but if there be ha∣stely succont and remedie. Then first the causes of the euill shall be swaged, dissolued, shedde and destroied with ba∣things and beatings, which dissolue, de∣part, and melte the matter, & with oynt∣ments, as Anacison, Irilion, and such other. If it ceaseth not by medicines that swage, then men shall take strong medicines, that dissolue, cleanse, and pourge: as it is contayned in Via∣tico.

This passion hath a cousin, that is called Ili••ca passio, and hath that name of a gut that is called Ilion, and is a small gut and long, beclypping other guttes a∣bout, and he is vncouered and bare of flesh. Therefore therein is great féeling, and so this passion is called one of the euills, that is named Peracute, verye sharpe. For as Galen saith, it slayeth in one daye, or in twaine. And therefore it is more perillous than Passio colica.

But it is cured in such a maner as Pas∣sio colica, for it is bred welnigh of such causes, but most of a postume, as Con∣stantine saith.

* 1.127Lumbrici, or Elmitha are long white; wormes in the mawe, stomacke, and guts. The remedie is to take garlike; and vse it with meate.

Addition.

* 1.128OF diuers kindes of wormes in the body, as Vermes, which y^e Grecians ••all Scolices, Lumbrici, Ascarides, and Cucurbiti. Lumbrici be long white wormes in the body. Ascarides be smal little wormes as bigge as an haire, and halfe an inch of length, and they be in a gut called the longation, & these wormes lye ••ickeling in the ••undament, or fa••t hale. Cucurbiti, be square wormes in the body: some of the fashion lyke vnto maggets, of a swarte darkie coulour.

Also there are oftentimes in young children, wormes like vnto Bombax, of halfe an inche long, hauing sixe féete, of a pale coulour, and some browne. There is also Sirones, which frette the handes, and in the féete termed Degges, Then is there also the King-worme, named Impetigo. There are Tettar wormes, care wormes, and wormes in the téeth: Oyle of bitter Almonds drop∣ped in the eares, and the iuyce of Rewe, and Oyle of Wormewoode, killeth the wormes in the eares. To cure the bex∣ing of Astarides, Garlicke in meates, because they bréede of cholar and fleg∣matike humours. For the dispatche of Lumbrici, take worme seede brused in Ale, or swéete wines fasting. Cucurbi∣ti, these wormes lyeng in the mawe, come of abundaunce of fleame. Aloes cicotrine is good to kill these wormes, and Garlike with the meates for nyne dayes.

Impetigo, Zerua or Zarua, called of the Gréekes Lichen, of some Lichena. There are two kinds, the visurous scab and watrie is called a King worme, the other is a drye Tettarithis is infectious, and is soone taken by lyeng in an vn∣cleane bedde. The drye scabbe commeth of melancholy, the wet commeth of pu∣trified fleame and corrupt bloud. Som∣times there groweth wormes in the bo∣dy of vnaccustomed formes, after the su∣perfluousnesse of the humour, by y^t which they are ingendered, some two, thrée, foure, fiue, sixe, or seauen yeardes long, some round, and some flat, and of the co∣lour of ashes, and of Crickets without féete. There are that haue féete verye short, as the Caterpiller: whereof some be two inches long, and some more.

Forth of the secrets in nature procéede many deformed and rare wormes, which sometimes amaze the beholders. To kéepe the bodyes from such wormes, kéepe temperate dyet, and when there is fealte within the body any vnwon∣ted fretting or gnawing, drinks the filyng of the Elephants soothe, made into a kinde of duste, with the pow∣der of the Leaues of Tamariske, or els of the Pomegranate, in a temperate Aqua vitae, and it shall speedely destroy all such impediments.

¶Of Dissenteri••. Cap. 50.

* 1.129ALso the wombe is grieued with sly∣ding and slippernesse, and with sharp biting of meate and of drinke, and of hu∣moures: as it fareth in thrée manner flixes of the wombe, which are named, Dissenteria, Lienteria, and Diarna.

These be thrée diuers flixes: for as Con∣stantine saith, and Plato also, Dissenteria is a flixe of the wombe with flieng and shauing of the guts, and with bloodie dirt, and hath that name of Discenden∣do, to cut and diuide: for in that euill the guts be cut, and diuided. And com∣meth of kinde Cholera, or vnkinde: and fretteth and gnaweth, and flyeth & sha∣ueth the guttes. And sometime of salte fleame: & somtime of Melancholia adu∣sta: somtime of euil disposition of the li∣uer, & is called Epatica. For the lyuer is called in latine Eparepat••s: Sometime of féeblenesse of the vertue of withhold∣ing, that m••ye not with-hold the bloud: sometime of too great plentie of bloud, & namely of them that haue some member, or some lim cut of. For when bloud, that is vsed to feed and to nourish y^e member that is cut off, findeth not that member to féede, bréedeth superfluitie in the liuer, & is cast ••rit for default of place to kéepe it: and is called properlye Dissenteria. And commeth o••te of euill disposition of the guts: and then bréedeth thrée man∣ners thereof. In the first, the fatnesse of the guts is resolued and shedde, and the durt séemeth as it wer washing of flesh. In the second, the celles among the fold∣ings of the stomacke be shauen, & is like to shauing of parchment. In the thirde the guts come out as small péeces, and then be séene resolutions & departings, that be fleshly, sinewie, with pipes & wo∣sen. The first manner maye well be cu∣red, the second vnneth, and the third ne∣uer. Also Epatica may vnneth be cured. Then of this flixe that is called Dissen∣teria, the signes be bloudie durt, fretting and gnawing of the wombe, pinching & pricking ache: and sometime the ouer∣most guts be shauen, and sometime the middle, and sometime the neathermost.

And by this diuersitie the ache is di∣uers nowe in the ouer-most wombe, now about the nauell, and now about the neathermost: and by diuersitie of the causes, the medicine is ofle diuers. Then first men vse to clense the humor, where the default is in, and then to stint the flixe, and that with sirops and Elec∣tuaries, with plaisters and oyntmentes which stoppe and constraine: and inward medicines helpe best, when the matter is in the ouermost guts: the vtter me∣dicine helpeth best, when the matter is in the neather guts. Then stopping medi∣cines and constraining, shall be both me∣dicine and diet.

This infirmitie commeth of vnna∣turall cholar or of salte fleame,* 1.130 of Me∣lancholy, as also by some impostuma∣tion from the liuer, and by vlceration in the bowells, and it may come by great straining.

¶Of Lientaria. Cap. 51.

LIenteria is a flix of the wombe,* 1.131 with out passing of meate & drinke, with∣out digestion, and without any changing made in meate or in drinke: but right as it is taken, so it passeth out at y^e nea∣ther ende. And commeth sometime of shauing of the dennes and foldings in the stomacke: and therfore the stomack may not with-hold meate and drinke.

And sometime it commeth of gleymie and fleamatike humours, that cleaue to the foldings of the guts and stomacke. And sometime of a postume, for then the stomacke is grieued with meate and drinke: and therefore by doing of kind, the stomacke is moued to put out meate and drinke, ere it be deffed. This euill shall be cured as the foresaid euill that is called Dissenteria. Diarria is a sim∣ple flixe of the wombe, with but pas∣sing of defied meate and drinke, with∣out bloudie dirte: and commeth some∣time of multitude of meate and drinke, and of fléeting and sharpnesse thereof: and sometime of Cholera, which hath default in quantitie more than in qualy∣tie: for if the default were in qualitie, then the flixe shuld be called rather Dis∣senteria,

than Diarria. And sometime it commeth of humours, which runne and fleete from the head to the guts, and ey∣ther biteth them or maketh them slipper: and then the patient shiteth foame with blowen belles, as Hyppocrates saith, They that haue seamie dirte in the flixe that is called Diarria, haue fleame run∣ning from the head. This flixe is cured by scarce dyet, for multitude of meat and drinke is the cause. If it commeth of sharpnesse of humoures, men shall giue medicines that coole and moyst.

And if it commeth of humours that fléete from the head, men shall giue such as destroyeth Fleame, and maketh it stint.

* 1.132This infirmitie doth come of sodain sliding of the meate out of the sto∣macke, the mawe and the guts, without perfect decoction and digestion.

Of the Dropsie. Cap. 52.

* 1.133THe Dropsie is an errour of the ver∣tue of digestion in the liuer, and brée∣deth swellyng of members as Constan∣tine saith. For while the vertue of di∣gestion is féebled in the lyuer, much su∣perfluitie is bred in the bodye, the which superfluitie is put out by strength of out putting, and bréedeth blowing & swel∣lyng of members. And the Dropsie com∣meth of thrée causes generally: Of vn∣kinde with-holding of superfluitie, and of vnkind running of moysture, of prin∣cipall distemperance of qualyties of the lyuer. For while superfluities be with-helde against kinde, as menstruate bloud and corrupt, and other such, the with-holding thereof ouersetteth vertues and bréedeth superfluities: of the which com∣meth bol••ing and swelling of members. Of vnkinde running of moysture, com∣meth dissolution and departing of spi∣rites, and féeblenesse of vertues. And superfluities that come of indigestion, breede swellyng of members by distem∣perance of qualities.

The vertue of digestion in the liuer, erreth in foure manners, as qualities be ioyned in foure: and so commeth foure manners of Dropsies, by passing and ex∣cesse of foure qualyties.

The first Dropsie is called Le••to∣flumo: and commeth of distemperance of coldnesse and moysture, and hath that name of white steame: for Lentes, is white. The seconde is called Hippo∣••••rca or A••••surca, and commeth of di∣stemperaunce of colde and drinesse. The third is called Aschides, and commeth of distemperaunce of heate and of moy∣sture. The fourth is called Tympani∣tes, and commeth of distemperaunce of heate and drinesse.

These Dropsies come in this man∣ner. While moysture and drinesse be di∣stempered in the lyuer, the vertue of di∣gestion is féebled, and therefore when that is feebled, many superfluities are bred, and the vertue of out putting put∣teth them to the vtter parts: and so ther∣of commeth great bol••••••g and swelling. When coldnesse and drinesse be distem∣pered in the lyuer, then likewise y^e ver∣tue of digestion is distempered and fee∣bled, and also the vertue of out putting is somewhat feebled. And therefore hée putteth not out superfluities to the vt∣termost parts of the skinne, but the su∣perfluities be helde in vnder the flesh. And therefore this manner Dropsie is called Bypposarca, that is to vnder∣stande, vnder the flesh, or fast by the flesh.

Of distemperaunce of heate and of moysture, by dissolution and shedding of spirites, commeth feeblenesse of ey∣ther vertue of digestion and of out put∣ting: and therefore superfluities be not put out of all the bodye, but they are with-helde within betwéene the wombe and Siphac.* 1.134 And this Dropsie is cal∣led Aschites, for if the wombes of them bée smitten, they sownoe as a Flac∣ket or a Bottle, for Arch is called a Bottle. By distemperaunce of heate, and of drynesse, spirites are dissolued and shedde: and so eyther vertue is fée∣bled. And then the superfluityes that come of indigestion, which commeth of heate, and of drynesse, tourneth into greate and thicke smoake, and are not putte out of all the bodye, but with-held about the wombe.

* 1.135 And this manner dropsie is called Tim∣panitis, for if the wombe be smitten, it sowneth as a Taber or a Timbroll. Then in the first manner Dropsie, is boyling and swellyng in all the bodye: the vtter part is white and nesh, and if ones finger be thrust into the flesh, it maketh as it were an hole or a pit, and that pit ariseth afterward as high as the other flesh: the vrine is discouloured white and thicke. In the second man∣ner Dropsie, is not so great swellyng, but their flesh stinketh, the vrine is dis∣coloured and thinne. In the thirde, the wombe is blowen and swollen, & sow∣neth if it be smitten as a flacket, & the vrine, is red and thicke. In the fourth manner Dropsie, the wombe is straight and strongly haled, and sowneth as a ta∣ber or a timbrell, the vrine is coloured and thin, the necke and other parts bée made small, and the nosethrilles sharpe, the eyen hollow and round: the first two manner Dropsies be curable, ere they be confirmed and rotted: the seconde two, ere they be rotted and confirmed, be vn∣neth curable, and after neuer. Then he that hath the Dropsie is swollen in the body, softe, grieuous and heauie, and is thirstie, and the more he drinketh, the more he thirsteth, and the more he drin∣keth, the more he fayleth little and little, & swelleth also. To thē which haue such diuers Dropsies, men must giue diuers medicines: But such medicines helpe them, the which destroy and wast ven∣tosities, and winde, and humoures be∣tweene the shinne and the flesh, & com∣fort the vertue, which destroyeth super∣fluities in the liuer. Of all these Con∣stantine speaketh himselfe onely.

* 1.136Abundance of salte fleame and wa∣terish and ouer feeding of rawe and moyst meates breedeth the Dropsie.

¶Of the Iaundise. Cap. 53.

* 1.137THE Iawndes is a defiling of the skinne without vneuennes thereof. And there be thrée manner of Iawndes, as it is said in Plateario: yeolow, which commeth of kinde Cholera, gréene, and blacke. The first is called Aurigo, for it maketh a man yeolow as golde. The second is called Pegenitis, which is to vnderstande, gréene: For it is grie••ed with gréene Cholera. The third is called Melanchyton, that is to say, blacke: for it commeth of blacke Cholera burnt. It commeth of strong heate and seething of bloud, passing & chaunging into Cho∣lera, and of passing heate that infecteth the bloud: and therefore this Cholera is borne with bloud to the vtter part of the skinne, and chaungeth and infecteth the skinne. Sometime it commeth of stopping of the oner or the neather hole of the case of the gall: and so Cholera reboundeth to the liuer, and infecteth the bloud: somtime it cōmeth of a postume, or of a continuall feuer, which changeth and burneth the bloud. Somtime of cor∣ruption of aire, or of meate & drink cor∣rupt: or of biting and stinging of a ve∣nemous worme which créepeth. In this manner the bloud is infected, and is sent to féeding of members, and as the bloud is infected, so it infecteth and corrupteth the members. With most hot Iawndes commeth infection of all the bodye, hea∣ting of the right side, ••••i st, bitternes of mouth, ache of the forhead, ringing in the eares, vrine coloured, and the foame thereof yeolow, or greene, or blacke, and all that commeth out of the body, which is infected with the same colour. If it commeth of stopping of the ouer hole, it changeth and dyeth all the nether parts, so that they be all strongly dyed. And contrariwise, if it commeth of the nea∣ther stopping: all the ouer parts be more dyed, and the nether lesse. And if it com∣meth of a feauer, by vertue and strength of kinde, and after the seuenth daye, in some daye of chaunging, with slaking of the feauer, and with reléeuing of the pa∣tient, and with withdrawing of the acci∣dent, it is a good token: such colouring betokeneth that the matter of the Fea∣uer is than purged. And if it cōmeth by strength of accident, as it fareth ofte be∣fore the seuenth daye, it betokeneth pe∣rill. For it is a signe and a token that the matter commeth vpwarde, for lyke∣nesse, or for fumositie, or for sharpenesse and biting, as Galen saith openly vpon

Aphor. And oft such a passion and euill is cured by bloud letting, and by medi∣cines, which coole and chaunge, layd to: and namely vpon the region of the ly∣uer, for there the bloud is most infected, as in his owne well. Also men giue them inward in dyet, & in medicine those things, which swage and cleanse bloud, and chaunge euill disposition of bloud. And if it commeth of stopping, men giue medicines which shed and open: but not too hot, as it is said in Viatico.

* 1.138These three kindes of Iawnes. Agri∣aca yeolow, of some Penateleon the greene sicknesse: Melankyron, the blacke Iawnes. The yeolow Iaundes, commeth after long sicknes or thought. The greene Iawndes commeth of yeo∣low cholar, mixt with putrified fleme. The blacke Iawndes commeth of cou∣lour adust, or melancholy and putrifi∣ed bloud.

¶Of Emoroides 1. Cap. 54.

* 1.139EMoroides be fiue veynes, which stretch out at the arse, of the which veynes come diuers passions and euills, as bolning & swellyng, with-holding, & flixe. And somtime by vertue & strength of kind, superfluities be sent & drawn to the said parts, & the saide veynes beeing broken, the superfluities be thrust out, & the body is deliuered of many sicknesses and euills. But if the flixe and running passeth measure, then come many euils. And when they be held by custome, then followe full great sicknesse and euilles, as Dropsie, Tisike, Madnesse, Melan∣choly. These veynes swell in this man∣ner. The foresayde superfluities & dyrte commeth downe to the mouthes of the veynes, and stoppe and make the sayde mouths thicke: and thereof commeth swellyng. Sometime the mouth of the veynes, be riuen togethers, & made voy∣stous and thicke, with strong drinesse. And sometime they be burnt of Chirur∣gions for too great running, and scarres of the burning are séene, and then they are vnneth opened or neuer.

Sometime the heads of the veynes be stopped by thicknesse of bloud: and somtime opened ouer measure by sharp∣nesse and fléeting of bloud. With too great holding commeth these signes hea∣uinesse of head, palenesse of face, & wan∣nesse, heauinesse of loynes and of ioynts, disposition to Dropsie and to Tisike.

With great fleeting and running, com∣meth feeblenesse and leannesse of bodye, changing of colour and of hiewe, ache & gnawing in the neather part of the bo∣dy. And if it be continuall and passing measure, it bréedeth full great passiens and euills. And if the mouthes of the veynes runne too swiftlye, they shall be stinted with medicines that stint by lyttle and lyttle. But namely if the E∣uill be olde, least the bloud, be sodainlye smit to some member, and then a worse euill is bred thereof. Therefore Hippo∣crates sayth, To them which heale olde Emoroides, but if they leaue one vn∣healed, it is perill. And if they be too lyghtlye cloased, they shall be opened with medicines that soften and open.

Emerodes or pyles,* 1.140 be veynes in the extreame parts of the longation, to whom doth happen diuers times two sundry passions, the first is lyke teates, and they will bleede, they be very E∣merodes, the other be lyke wartes, and they will itche, and water & smart, and they be named the Pyles: and in the same place doth breed other infirmi∣ties, as the falling out of the funda∣ment, fistels, festures, and Puxe.

These impediments commeth of malitious humours of the mawe, and in the guts.

The powder of ginger, and of a gall, wherewith inke is made, mixt with linseed oyle, & put to the place, is very good.

¶Of ache of the reynes. Cap. 55.

AChe of the reynes in Gréeke is cal∣led Refrenesis,* 1.141 the which ache hath affinitie with the euill is y^t called Colica passio. But they be diuers: for Colica passio chaungeth and is vnstable, for it chaungeth euery daye from that one side to that other. The ache of the reynes is stable and stedfast.

The loynes and reynes haue ache and passion, that come somtime of swelling, Sometime of repletion of humoures, sometime of winde and ventositie, and sometime of the stone. All these bréede full great ache and griefe, and namely if heate be the cause: and the signe there∣of is the high coulour of vrine, sharpe ache and pricking. If colde be the cause, the vrine is rawe, and the ache slowe. The stone and grauell, and other diners superfluities breed osle in the reynes: & that commeth namely of drinke of sli∣mie water, and of grose dyet. For ther∣of commeth stoppings in the reynes or in the bladder, and sometime chaungeth into substaunce of stones or grauell, by working of strong heate. They y^t haue the stone, haue manye disaduauntages, that is to wit, difficultie of pissing, with Colica passio, and other such: for by stop∣ping of the stone, the wayes of pissing be stopped, and then commeth Stranguria, when a man passeth with difficultie dropping meale. Sometime the wayes be all stopped, and pissing is all for∣bode, and that euill is called, Dissuria: for of gleymie humoures in the reynes and in the bladder commeth the stone, in young men, namely in the reynes, and in children in the bladder, for the necke of their bladder is straight, and letteth the passage of the matter, and so the stone is bred, as Costantine saith. Also in chil∣dren the vrine is thicke, because of glei∣mie dyet, and gleymie things is more a∣ble to be rouled & to cleaue togethers: and therefore ofte the stone bréedeth in small children. And if the stone or the matter be in the reynes, it is knowen by sléeping of the foote and leg on the lefte side. And if it be in the bladder, the ache is about the share and twiste, betwéene the genitours, and the hole at the ridge bones ende. Also the grauell that com∣meth of the reynes be redde, and if they come of the bladder they be white: and a stone that is bred of gleymie humour, is easely dissolued and brought out: and if it be bred of grauell, it is hard to dis∣solue and to be broken. And in women the stone bréedeth more seldome than in men, for the wayes be more large, and heate and drinesse more féeble, to make the humours rotlewe: and also oft pur∣gations,* 1.142 for they be purged of many su∣perfluities by mēstrual bloud. He y^t hath this euill, shall be purged in this man∣ner: They shall be ofte bathed in hotte baths, that dissolue, and open: and they shall be fed with meate and drink that is easie for to desie, & cōforted with me∣dicines, that dissolue, and open, & cleanse: and they shall be occupied with some bu∣sinesse: and sometime they shall be ta∣ken to surgerie, and namely children, and then young folke, for in age cutting is perillous, for after fortie yeare this E∣uill is incurable, as it is sayd in Aphor. After fortie yeare, be that hath the stone is not saued. Sometime commeth vn∣willyng pissing, and that euill is called Diampnes, or Diabethica passio.* 1.143 And Constantine sayeth, that it commeth of default of vertue of with-holding: for there is great strong drawing of hu∣mours to the reynes, and great super∣fluitie commeth to the bladder, the which the bladder not being able to sustain, put∣teth out with pissing. Also sometime it commeth of softening of sinewes, and of slaking of brawnes in the necke of the bladder. Sometime of heauinesse of sléepe, and of multitude of humours, as it fareth in children that vnknowenlye pisse in their beddes, and in dronken people: and it is the propertie of them that haue this Euill, to bée a thrist alwaye, and maye vnneth haue wa∣ter inough,* 1.144 as Constantine sayeth: and therefore as they drinke the water, so they pisse it. Sometime it chaunceth of a humor that stoppeth sodainly y^t wayes of the pisse and wringeth out by strength of pressing the moysture that is therein conteyned. To them that haue this foule euill, things that slake heate be néedfull, and sharpe sauouring things, that com∣fort and quench the heate of the reynes, and bringeth the sinewes that be softe∣ned to their owne due state, and this is done by drenches, electuaries, plaisters, & oyntments. But a wise leach and a re∣die, shall alway beware, that he lay not in this case, medicines that be too moyst, for they making it more softe shoulde

grieue: Nor too drye things, for suche should sharpe the heate, but they shall laye too, now these, now them, that the sore place be moistéd and cooled by cold things, and that the moysture be con∣strained by drye things, & the sore mem∣ber comforted. Ouer all things the dy∣et shall be temperate: for too hot things grieue the reynes and loynes. Also too colde things let the vertue of digestion, in substaunce and hollownesse of the ly∣uer. It is good to giue to such men tem∣perate and compouned medicines: for ofte the mater is such and the cause also.

* 1.145Diuers impediments are in the back, the cricke, aking, straining of powers, abundaunce of reume is the cause of paine.

¶Of Hemia, Cap. 56.

* 1.146HErnia is a skinne in the wombe, and is called Siphac, and breaketh some∣time. Siphae is a skinne that departeth the bowels from the gendring members: as Diafragma is a skinne, that depart∣teth and is set betweene the bowelles & the spirituall members: and so Hernia is as it were the neather midriffe, and Diafragma the ouer midriffe. And for Hernia the neather midriffe holdeth up the bowells, if it hap that this Hernia be broke, a great deale of the bowels fal downe into the codde of the genitours. Then if it happen that this skin, that is called Hernia be broke, by stretching and reaching, or working of heate con∣strained, or ••laked and softened by moy∣sture: then it falleth that the bowelles slide downward into the codde of the ge∣nitors, and that not without great sore∣nesse. This skinne is dealed or slaked, sometime by an outward cause, as by too great trauaile of bodye, or by great strogling and wrastling. Sometime by smiting or by falling, or by such other. And sometime by too great wayght and weying downewarde of the other mem∣bers, and by forcing; as by too great sin∣ging and crieng.

Sometime by an outward cause, and by great strength of heate and sharpnes of hot humours cutting and slitting the skinne. Sometime by too great moy∣sture, slaking & stretching the sinewes and brawnes, and in what manner it befal, it is more resely curable in the be∣ginning, and namely in a young men. And if that breach be great and old, and with breaking of the sinew, it is soudred vnneth or neuer. For it is healed with great difficultie, as Constantine sayeth. But ofte it is saued by dyet and medi∣cine: and sometime by cutting and sur∣gerie. Then Authours tell, that slopping things helpe such men, and medicines that soudreth, both in meate and in me∣dicine, as Electuaries taken within, and baulmings, and bathings, and Oynt∣mentes without. Ouer all things it is saide, that scarce dyet is best, and conti∣nence, namely of the seruice of Venus, and of all mouing. And such men shuld ouer all things beware of things that bréede ventositie, and winde, and swel∣ling. For as the Commentour sayeth, Ventositie and winde, grieue most Her∣nious men that be so broke.

Ther are three speciall kindes,* 1.147 Hernia aquosa, Hernia ventosa, Hernia carno∣sa, waterish, windy, & fleshy. These im∣pediments be ingendred in the coddes. Also there is Euterocela, Epiplocela, & Hidrocela. The first of these is, when the guts fall out of the bodye into the codde: ihe second is when the Pellicle or small rime falleth downe with the guts into the codde, the third anoyeth the stones. There is also Parocela, Sar∣cocela, Circocela, Flesh groweth in the codde about the stones, the swelling in the veynes, and the stayeng of the rupture.

¶Of Arthetica Passio. Cap. 57.

ARthetica is an ache and euill in the fingers and toes,* 1.148 with swelling and fore ache. And when it is in the fingers, it is called Ciragra, and in the toes it is named Podagra. If it be in the whitle∣bones and ioyntes, it is called Sciatua passio, commeth of cholaricke bloud, and fleamaticke humour, and commeth most of reumaticke cause.

If bloud be the cause, it is knowen by rednesse of the place, and by heate and swellyng of the beynes of the sore place, and of all the bodie, by hot dyet had be∣fore: and most by age, and by a region like, for it moueth most in spring time. If cholaricke humour be the cause, it is knowen by full strong ache, and sore∣nesse, and by stretching and halyng, and drynesse of sinnewes, by heate of his owne place, by colour redde, meddeled with yeolow, and by swellyng. And moueth most in Summer, and most by hot dyet and drye, and in such a coun∣trey, and ofte many cholaricke superflu∣ities are cast out by spewing and shi∣ting. Hot things grieue, and cold things helpe and comfort. And if steame be the cause, it is knowen by disposition of steame, contrary dyet, by like ache, by swellyng of the place, by sore ache and strong, by little rednesse or none. If it commeth of rumatike cause, it is know∣en by heavinesse of the hèad, by mouing of humoures, tinglyng and fléeting in the ridge beane, and about the shoul∣ders.

This euill is worst, for it draweth togethers & maketh the sinewes of the fingers, toes, and the féete to shrinke together, and draweth out and wasteth substantiall humours in the handes, and maketh them drie, and clighted, and clo∣sed, and vnmightie to be opened: also it maketh the ioyntes of the fingers vn∣séemely with knottie bunches. But this sicknesse maye soone be healed, & when it is olde, vnneth it is curable, namely, when it is tourned into knottie harde∣nesse: and so the matter that is in de∣fault, shall be pourged with couenable medicine, and the patient shall be lette bloud. If bloud be the cause, the heate shal be smit againe with cold medicines. Sometime colde humour is the cause, and then it shall be daulmed and com∣forted with hotte Playsters and Oynt∣mentes. And the patient shall abstaine from great meates, and namely from such as bréede winde, and swellyng, for ofte bentositie and winde maketh this euill more grieuous.

* 1.149Claragra, Podagra, Sciatica, is the goute in the handes, feete, & hippes. The cause of this infirmitie, commeth of corrupt bloud, as also of fleumatike humour, or els of a choloricke humor. If it come of bloud or rumatike flume, the place will swell and be redde, and the veynes full. If of cholar, the place swelleth not, but is drye, smooth, and leane, with pricking and burning. If this disease haue continued, after fortye yeares it will be hardly cured. The remedye is to auoyde contagious meates and drinkes, as wines••that bee pearcing, newe beere, and ale, hotte bread and cakes, all shell fish, and water foule, Pigeons and Eeles. Vse Bathes, such as the learned Phisitions shall appoynt, Oyle of swallowes, Oyle of Frogs, Oyle of leate, & to conclude, Oyle of Patience.

¶Of Gutta Sciatica. Cap. 58.

GVtta Sciatica is an euill that com∣meth of humoures, which fall downe into the great sinnewe, that is betwéene the greate brawnes of the haunche as Constantine sayeth. And commeth of gleymie humoures gathe∣red together in the hollownesse of the ioyntes, and of the haunche. Sometime of bloudie humoures meddled with cho∣lar. And all these are cause of ache, the which ache stretcheth into the legges, and anone to the héele, and also anone to the lyttle toe.

The cause thereof is, as the Com∣mentatour sayth, that from the whirle∣bone in the middle of the haunche, & of the legge, passeth a sinewe to the vtter anele bone of the foote, and scam those to the lyttle toe: and this is cause, why in this euill, ache stretcheth to that litle toe. And therefore it is, that they that haue the stone in the reynes, féele in that place tinglyng and sléeping for stopping of the sinnewe, wherefore the spirites maye not come to that place in due manner. And the ache is sometime in one side, and sometime in either: but it is worse in the lefte side, than in the right side.

And the cause thereof is, for in the right side is more heate than in the lefte side, and therefore it dissolueth and defieth the matter there gathered more easelye: and in the lefte side is lesse heate, and the matter is more sad and thicke, and worse to defie and destroye. In this E∣uill is little ache, quaking, pricking and burning, namely in young men of hotte complection, and namely if heare be the cause: and in that cause it helpeth and profiteth to be let bloud in the veyne which is called Sophena, and that veyne is vnder the ancle bone. Also the Pati∣ent shall be purged and healed, as in the euill, which is called Passio Arthetica. Also euery one which hath this passion Sciatica, as he that hath Pasio Arthe∣tica, shall beware of too great repletion of meate and of drinke, and namely of the workes of Venus: for it sharpeth most rume, and letteth digestion, for losse of spirites and of pure bloud and cleane, as Constantine saith. Also the body shal be first purged and cleansed within, and then men shall laye too playsters with∣out, as the place of keth. For medicine helpeth and profiteth lyttle without, but if the matter, which is y^e cause of y^e euil, be withdrawen within, as Con. saith. Also he saith y^t Dioscorides saith, that it helpeth them much, y^t haue this euil that is called Sciatica passio, if the sore place be comforted with hot dirte of a Cowe. For it dryeth mightely, namely if it be tempered with Galbanum, and franken∣cense, and with vineger.

¶Of Podagta. Cap. 59.

COnstantine sayth, that Podagra is a sore euill in the féete, and namelye in the wrestes and soles, with stretching of the sinewe and quaking, and commeth of euill humoures, which fall downe to the wrest of the féete. And if the humors be colde and thicke, then is great stret∣ching and swellyng, but the ache is not full pitching, nor great swellyng maye not be, for the féete haue but little flesh, and therefore they maye not stronglye swell, for swellyng bréedeth in fleshly members.

This euill bréedeth in them, which lyue casely and softe, and trauayle but little: and cleanse not the body of super∣fluities of humours, namely if they eate much and drinke. For of such thinges, come superfluities of humoures, which bréede reumes, that drop downe to the féet, and namely when they be féeble, and may not put off the kinde of superflui∣tie. And that commeth most of the ser∣uice of Venus: for that service moneth and shaketh all the cheyning & ioyning of the bodie, as Constantine sayth. Also it heateth, and therefore it moueth hu∣mours, and flaketh & breaketh sinewes. And therefore it happeneth, that gelded men haue not Podagra, for they serue not Venus: nor likewise children nor women but seld, and that is because they be purged with menstruall bloud. Ther∣fore Ipocras sayth, that women haue not Podagra, except in case that menstruall bloud fayle. If this euil commeth to young men in Spring time, it is cura∣ble: but if it commeth in Haruest, and indureth to Winter it is hard to heale, as it sayd in Aphor. And the Commen∣tour telleth the cause thereof, by dome of Astronomie in this manner.* 1.150 The first age of the Moone he saith, is hot & moist: The second, is hot & dry: The third, is colde and drye: The fourth, is cold and moy••, 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 the first age, by heate, the matter is departed, and by moisture, shed: In the second age and the fourth, the matter is kept, and is perfectly de∣fied. In the first age of the nexte Moone thereafter it is perfectly defied. And so in the seconde age of the hot Moone and drye, the matter is all wasted: & within sixe wéekes, which contaíneth xl. dayes, the euill is full cured, & namely in Sum∣mer, for in Haruest and in Winter the matter is thikckened & sadded, and is not obedient to digestion. Then first, the matter of this euill shall be purged, and after in the beginning it shall be smit a∣gaine with colde medicines laid too with out: hot medicines which dissolue and shed, shal not be laid too in the beginning while the cause is renmatike. And if the matter be colde, the renme must be the more excited and stirred.

And therfore in the beginning, men shal vse strong Repercassiues in a hot cause, and lesse strong in a colde cause, lease the matter were hard. Then he shall haue stewings and balming, and oyntmentes hot or cold as the matter requireth. The patient shal vse lyght and temperate di∣et, and he must beware ouer all things, of the seruice of Venus, and he shall vse lyght and also meanly trauaile.

¶Of a Postume, Cap. 60.

* 1.151 A Postume is gathered of superfluitie of humours in some member, and maketh rotting and swellyng as Con∣stantine saith. It falleth sometime, that a member impossumeth through an out∣ward cause, as Constantine saith: as of smiting, of a wound, of falling, of break∣ing, and brusing, and boyshing, and hur∣teling: for of all such things, humoures moue ofte and come to the sore place, & putteth and hurleth euery each with o∣ther, and wereth hot and rotteth. Som∣time a postume commeth of an inward cause, as of superfluitie of corrupt hu∣mors, that oft runneth and commeth to∣gethers to a certaine place, and that in two manners: for sometime by gathe∣ring of matter in their owne member: & somtime by running of matter out of one member into another: and such run∣ning hath many causes, as Constantine saith. The first is strength of the mem∣ber, that putteth off noyfull things: for some principall and noble members dis∣charge themselues of superfluities, as the braine dischargeth himselfe of fleuma∣ticke humour, and of sumositie. The se∣cond cause, is féeblenesse of the member that receiueth: for féeble members re∣ceiue superfluities, which come downe from the ouer and stronger members, as the skin & the flesh. The third cause, is multitude of humors, the which, when great superfluitie of them is in the more veynes, they be shed into y^e lesse veynes, & enter into the substance of members, which be of parts like: and that which is more than is néedful to y^t food, tunneth to the member, and the way is closed, & maketh a postume. The fourth is large∣nesse of the veynes, by whom those hu∣mors run easely from member to mem∣ber. The fifth cause, is moysture of hu∣mors and subtilnesse, the which of easie mouing be casely shed: and when they be shed, they are gathered in some mem∣ber, and there they be helde and thrust by straightnes of the member, and huried, and defiled, and disposed to rotting. The sixt cause, is the disposition of the mem∣bers: for kindly the nether members re∣ceiue supersluitie of the euer members, as the members of the head put downe their superfluities, somtime to y^t brawnes and veynes of the throte, & so commeth Squinancie. Sometime to the members of the breast, and so commeth hotches & postumes in the lungs. A postume com∣meth in this manner: While humours haue default in quantitie, and maye not be wasted by heat, nor put out by strēgth of vertue, they be receiued in the hollow∣nes of members, & ther boyle & putrifie, & as peast set in an ouer, & dryed by fire, receiueth a manner crusting in the vtter side, vnder the which crust the paast is softe: so the humour gathered, by heats boyleth and maketh a manner crust a∣boue, vnder the which crust rotted hu∣mor is bidde, and swelleth: and such a swellyng is called Apostema. And som∣time it commeth of ventositie and of minde, and is called Bubo. Sometime of a simple humour, as of bloud, and is called Fleugmon. The tokens thereof, be rednesse which commeth of the cou∣lour of bloud: hardnesse commeth of multitude of matter, and of heate, which wasteth and consumeth watry matter: quapping and leaping, by reason of ven∣tositie and of sumositie: shifting & put∣ting, sore ache, by reason of stretching: heate, by reason of hot matter: & swel∣lyng, by reason of multitude of matter. In this manner is made a Postunis of simple Cholera and red, and is called, Herisipila, that is, holy fire, Per Anti∣frasin, that is to say, by contrary man∣ner of speaking.

And another maner postume com∣meth of pure Cholera, and gnaweth and fretteth y^e member y^t it is in, & is called among Phisitians. Herpes Essimoncus,

as it were gnawing and fretting it selfe. In the same manner wise a postume commeth of fleame, and is called Zuma, or Palus. For right as in moores and in maraise, is much superfluitie of slyme & of wose, so in this postume is much su∣perfluitie. And if thou thrustest thy fin∣ger therevpon, it denteth in: for the run∣ning matter withdraweth, and letteth not the finger to enter, and then in the middle is a pit, as it were the bore of an hole, and when the finger is awaye, the matter commeth againe, and filleth all the place. The tokens of these Po∣stumes be whitenesse, for the matter is white: softenesse, for the matter is flée∣ting: and soft ach, for the matter with his coldnesse swageth the feelyng. In a postume that commeth of red Cholera, the signes be as it were coutrarye: for the heate is strong, because that y^e mat∣ter is full hot: it is redde with yeolow∣nesse, for the Cholera is not red, but yeo∣low: great ache and pricking, for the matter is sharpe. Of Melancholia com∣meth a postume, and if the matter be all without, the postume is called Schrosis. And if the matter be some within, and some without: then commeth a postume which is called Cancer, a Canker, to the lykenesse of a Crab. For in lykewise as a Crabbe is broad by the ridge, and the armes stretche by the sides: so in this postume is a manner swellyng in stéed of the ridge, and the braunches of hu∣mors stretch hether and thether in stéed of armes. Also it croepeth little and lit∣tle, gnawing and fretting the flesh and sinewes slowly to the sight as it were a Crab. The signes therof be, great hard∣nesse, for when the matter is earthly and melancholike, it is full thicke and sadde: the colour is wanne, for the matter is not all blacke: the ach is scarse or none for vnféelingnesse thereof, for the matter hath two slayeng qualities, coldenesse, and drynesse: and it gnaweth and fret∣reth alwaye, and costumpeth the flesh a∣none to the rootes of the sinewes, and infecteth the bones that reach thereto: and therefore this euill is as it were pe∣stilence euill. Among these gnawing & fretting postumes is such an order. For Noli me tangere is a cankrie postume in the sace, and fretteth little and little, and lesse then other: and the Canhertretheth more than the postume, which is called Lupus. And Herisipila the holy fire, fret∣teth most. And Fistula the fester fretteth not, but rotteth within, and maketh the flesh rotlewe, & the sinewes shrinke,* 1.152 and draweth them to quitter, and corrump∣eth sinewes sometime, and maketh the bones to fall. And it commeth often and many times of a wound, which is euill kept, when the bone, which is there vn∣der is infected with quitter, and so the féeding that commeth thereto, tourneth into this manner, for because the vtter part breaketh and the wound runneth, sometime the wound is closed, and som∣time it, breaketh againe, and if the Fe∣ster be full colde, vnneth it is curable. Ofte about the wound, be manye open holes: For a fester hath a deepe wound within, and a straight and a narrowe without: and the Ca••ker in contrari∣wise hath a wide wounde without, and straight within: and therefore it is more harder to helpe. Sometime as fester com∣meth, of a reume, or of an olde wounde, & sometime of a postume euill healed, & namely if the postume and the wounde be made too moyst, and hath many holes, out of the which holes issueth water of diuers colours, now white, now yeolow. And ofte these holes be cloased in one place, and breake out in another. Other postumes there be, which come of con∣trary matter, as it fareth in a postume, which is called Antrax, which Constan∣tine calleth Carbunculus, for it burneth as a coale: and it commeth of full wood matter and venemous, & of matter that is compowned, & it is knowen by those lynes, which be therein of diuers cou∣lours: and is shaped lyke vnto a rodde, and therein be some lines red and blou∣die, and some yeolow and cholaricke: some be somewhat white and fleuma∣tike, and some wanne and melancho∣licke: Some cleare, and come of salte fleame, and so of other vnkinde hu∣moures. The tokens of that Postume Antrax, be passing ache, burning and pitching, and pricking in the ground.

In the head of the postume bréedeth a whelke or a blaine, which betokeneth and signifieth, that heate followeth the humour that hath masterie, and hath in a gathering a shape lyke vnto a rodde, di∣stinguished with lynes of diuers cou∣lours, and it séemeth that it is drawen to the grounde thereof with a manner thred fastened to the vtter parte of the bladder in the middle.

To heale and to saue postumes, men vse in the beginning, Repercussiues, but if the matter be woode and vene∣mous, as it fareth in Herisipila, holye fire, and in the postume which is called Antrax: for in such, men shall not laye Repercussiues to y^e sore, but rather those things that swage and ease, least the venemous matter be smitten inward to the inner members, and so cause more griefe and disease. Then when the Po∣stume is in state, men shall vse tempe∣ring things and shedding, and softning, and cupping. And when the postume is opened, or els broken, and the matter brought out, then men shall vse medi∣cines that close and souder, & that bréed good flesh. To other postumes, which hane worse accidents and stronger, men shall vse such medicines, as men doe vse against the Canker and Festure, & other such, for there as kinde fayleth, the pati∣ent shall be first cleansed within. And men shall ordaine therefore remedye as the place as keth. Against the Canker, men shall minister medicines, which burne and fret the dead flesh. Against a Fester men shall vse medicines, which diye, and wast, and cleanse, and washeth of the quitter. And if these profite not: then he shall be put to Surgerie. For it is more safetie, that one corrupt part of an whole body be burned or cut away, then all that other deale be spilte and corrupt and vtterly destroyed. Further∣more afterward against venomous po∣stumes, as against postumes, which be called Antrax,* 1.153 men shall ordaine a re∣medie wately and soone: for he slayeth soone, but if succour come redely & soone. Then it is good counsayle, but some o∣ther things let, to let bloud in the be∣ginning, in the same side, in y^e next place to the gathering of the postume.

For it is not sure in such a case to lette bloud in the contrary side, least the mat∣ter be drawen into the body, & to noble mēbers, while the matter is venomous, and than it is needfull and good to drink Triacle with hot wine, and to annoynt therewith the sore place. For if the tri∣acle be proued,* 1.154 and it be a very Antrax, the Triacle shall drawe out the matter that is drye and venemous, and he shall dry it so, that thou mightest make pow∣der thereof, as it were ashes: and then Triacle shall be layed too fresh often∣times, till the postume breake, and when it is broke, it is no dread of perill. The yolke of an egge baked with salt, work∣eth the same, if it be often layde to the postume, for it swageth and easeth the same, and breaketh the postume, as the Commentour saith.

Apostumes be of diuers causes, and breede in sundrye places: the inwarde Apostumes be most daungerous, which are in the head, stomack, lunges, splene, and bowells. Flegmon, commeth of bloud. Zimie of fleame, or Zunia.

Herisipila commeth of cholar, Cancri or Sclitos, of melancholy, or cholar a∣dusted. Byles, botches, blaynes, and such lyke, be lesse daungerous, so that in the comming foorth, for want of skill, they bee not sunke in againe: for where there is not sufficicieut heate of bodye to force them foorth, they stop the powers, and suffocate to death.

¶Of Blaynes. Cap. 61.

VLcera he called some blaynes,* 1.155 that spring all about in the bodye, and commeth ofte of the humour that is betwéene the skinne and the flesh: and are called Vlcera, as Constantine say∣eth In fine Viatici: For in the vtter part of the skinne, by sharpnesse of hu∣mour, they make departing of conti∣nuaunce.

The matter of them is subtil moisture of bloud, or of cholar, that cōmeth from the inner parts to the vtter, & anone to the vtter skin of the bodye by vertue &

strength of kind, or of accident of euills. Suth blaines defyle the skinne, and they make it vnseemely and loathfome: And bréedeth tickeling, itching, and bi∣ting in the flesh, and reaueth the skinne from the flesh. And sometime if they be continuall, they bée messengers and pro∣nostifie the perill of Leprehoode. Who that desireth to bée frée and to be deliue∣red of them, shall not leane to be purged within of hot superfluities of humours, which infect and corrupt the body. Then he shall vse dry bathes, which consume and waste meanelye the humours, that make these blaines in the fleshe, and in the skinne: as quantitie and qualitye asketh. And hée shall spare dronken∣shippe, and too laxatiue dyet. And he shall withdrawe him from trauayle and bu∣sinesse.

Of Pustules. Chap. 62.

* 1.156PUstules be called gatherings of Po∣stumes and superfluitie in the vtter parte of the bodye: and bée bred little and little, and in sundry wise. For kinde putteth off noyfull superfluityes to the vtter partes of the bodye: the which blaynes come often and spring of super∣fluitie of meate and drinke: and nouri∣shing of the bodye. And therefore skil∣fully wise and discréete men call them Pustulas, & Pabulas also, as Remigius sayth. And therefore they hight and bée called Pustule. For they bée small and little blaines of venimons and burning quitter, and of rottennesse, which is con∣teined within them, as Isidore sayeth. And Constantine sayth, that those fore∣sayd blaines bée called Variole; the poxe in children: and also sometime in men of age. In small children such blaines bée healthfull: and is a good token of health, that commeth afterwarde, as the Commentour sayth.

There the Poxe bréede of corrup∣tion of rotted bloud. For in children and in young men, if the poxe breake not out, it is dread that Leaperhood com∣meth afterward. For it commeth in chil∣dren of menstrual bloud, which they wer fed with in the mothers wombe. The which bloud is put out to the vtter parts, by vertue and strength of kinde. And the children be deliuered of perill, y^t shoulde haue sallen afterward. Also it happeneth in men of full age, and in olde men in Feauers about the time of chaunging, that such blaines breake out by vertue and strength of kinde putting out of the kinde of the Feauer to the vtter partes. And therefore neither in these, neither in the other, shall be Repercussiues laide too, least the matter be borne inward: for it is somewhat woode.* 1.157 Neuerthelesse a∣bout the eien in this rase men shall lays some light repercussiues, least the quittet of blaines hurt some curtill of the eye, or the blacke of the eie.

In all other places a readie Phisiti∣on draweth such kinde to the vtter partes, as farre forth as he may, except the place about the eyen. For there the matter shall be smit againe, and brought into other places, least the matter that is wood and violent, griue and hurt the ten∣der substance of the eyen. Also a readye nurse, and a readye Phisition both in a child, and in a man of age shall be ware, that such blaines be not broke nor ope∣ned before, namely about the face: nei∣ther for itching nor for any other cause, least vnséemely and foule pittes abide in the face alwaye. Of many other causes such blaines and Poxe bréede in the bo∣dy: Now of flumatike matter commeth white and softe and running: nowe of cholarik matter commeth sharp pitching and hard. For cholarike humour shedde betwéene the skinne and the flesh, ope∣neth and biteth the skinne by heate and sharpnesse, and bréedeth many blaines, in the vtter parts of the skinne, but they bée very small and lyttle, as it were the seedes of Milij. And therefore among au∣thours this euil is called Herpes, or Mi∣lij, or Granulosus, an euill full of grey∣nes. Of what matter so euer it be that such bleines come, if they come oft and continually, it is good, that the matter which the defaulte is in, be pourged with due medicine. And then if the bo∣dy be full repleate, he shal be let bloud, or be cupped or horned. And the patient shal bée holpe with due bathes, which drye

and wast huomurs, and also with coue∣nable ointments.

* 1.158If the pushes or poxe be white, of fleame, if red, of ill bloud, if drie and harde, of Cholar, is blacke, then of me∣lancholye, which is a token of death.

Of Scabbes. chap. 63.

* 1.159A Scabbe is corruption of the skinne, and commeth of corrupt humoures, which bée betwéene the skinne and the flesh and hurteth & noieth, and gréeueth and desoyleth the body. For as Constan∣tine sayth and affirmeth, Kinde putteth out euill humours, and voideth them to the vtter partes of the bodye, to cleanse and purge the inner partes. And if those foresayde humours bée subtill and small, then they be easily and lightly dis∣solued and wasted by fumosities and sweate. And if they be great and thicke, they be vnder the skinne, and breed scabs in the bodie. And humour so closed be∣twéene the skinne and the flesh, if it bee cholarike, and some deale with helde, it bréedeth a drye scabbe and not quitiery, with chinnes and cliffes, with itching & pitching. And if the humour be fleama∣tike: oft it maketh great scabs & white, with scales, and without great itching: for wet scabs with quitter and scales, with lyke itching, sheweth and betoke∣neth, that the bloud is medled with Cho∣lera: And commeth oft of great repleti∣on of the bodye, and also oft of sicknesse tant came before: by the which sick∣nesse the vertues be oppressed and ouer∣set, and superfluities increase. Also in some men is an olde scabbe, that com∣meth of default of the spleane. And such a scabbe though is passe, it commeth lightlye againe. Scabbes bée curable with medicines that drye and consume, and wast and cleanse within and with∣out.

* 1.160Scabi be diuerse, as Scabies fursure∣a, and Scabies sabina, some scabbes are like Hoppes, some like branne.

Of a drie scabbe and itch. Chap. 64.

A Drie scab is corruption of humour betwéene the skinne and the flesh,* 1.161 that chaungeth and grieueth the bodie, and maketh it itch. For some Cholarike superfluitie, that is smoaky, is put and throwne from the inner partes to the vtter part of the skinne, and infecteth the skinne, and maketh it full of smal pim∣ples & scabs, as though it were sprinke∣led with Branne. And than the skinue is infected with small chins and itching. And sometime this infection commeth of too strong Cholarike matter: or of me∣lancholike, as Constantine sayth. And this euill is called Impetigo. For it let∣teth and grieueth the skin and the flesh, namely with tickeling and itching. Also this euill is called Serpigo, as it were a créeping euill. For it créepeth into all the skinne, as it were a Serpent or an Ad∣der, and infecteth the skinne, and desoy∣leth it with small scabbes after scratch∣ing and clawing. Sometime this Euill beclippeth the skinne of some lim all a∣bout, as it were a girdell, and such a scab is called Herpes Cingulus among phi∣sitions. But Impetigo is an other euill then Serpigo. For Impetigo commeth of more rising, and of more firie matter: for it commeth of Cholar. And therfore it maketh euenlong holes, straight, and full small, and moue alway vpward as fire: But the other manner seab that is called Serpigo, commeth of matter that is lesse firie: And therefore it mooueth not vpward, but it beclippeth the mem∣bers all about. Therefore it is sayd as it were créeping all about. This euill shal be cured with stewes and baths, y^t open, consume, and wast, clense and wipe, and also with ointments. He shall be an∣nointed with y^e iuyce of Ebuli, Sambuci, Iappatij, Fumiteriae, and other such. Af∣terward he shall vse baths of swéete wa∣ter, as Constantine sayth. And men say, that the spittle of a fasting man helpeth against this euill. Alway this euill hath fellowship of passing biting and itching, and of desiring of frosing, rubting, scrat∣ching and clawing. Thereof commeth a manner false liking and qualitie, y^t is re∣solued of hot smoake and sharpe, y^t biteth

and fretteth the skinne, and that smoak is resolued of hot matter. And such a li∣king is false and gréeuous. For it ma∣keth the skin discōtinued & ful of blains, and aketh and smarteth full sore at the last end.

Of Lepra Meseltie. cap. 65.

* 1.162LEpra, meselrye, is an vniuersall cor∣ruption of members & of humoures, and hath beginning of the veins, and full increasing without the veines: for when the humours be corrupt, the members y^t be nourished and fed with humours bée sone corrupt. Constantine sayth that euery each Elephancia or leperhood hath beginning principallye of corruption of Melancholia. Therefore Constan. saith, that Lepra is an euill cold and dry, and commeth of blacke Cholera and strong, rotted, & is séene in the vtter part of the body. And it cōmeth of foure rotted hu∣mours, that were strong and be corrupt & chaunged into blacke Cholora, as hée saith ibidem. Humonrs with she which Melancholia is medled, may not rot at the full in the veines, & for that melan∣choly is colde & drie and so contrary to rotting: And so the humours meddeled therewith may not rot full, ere the me∣lancholy be incorporate. And haue abi∣ding in the members, in the which is full rotting. And of that rotting com∣meth Lepra meselry. For the humour melancholy by reson that it is hard, sad, & fast: it may not rot but in the abiding of time. And if it h••••p in any wise, that it rotte in the veines, it shoulde rather bréed a feuer then Lepra. In foure man∣ner wise Lepra is diverse, as the foure humours be passingly and diversly med∣led One manner Lepra commeth of pure Melancholia, and is called properly Ele∣phancia:* 1.163 & hath that name of the Ele∣phant, that is a full great beast & large. For this euill grieueth & noieth the pa∣tient passing strongly and sore. Therfore this euill is more harde and fast, and worse to heale then other. The second commeth of melancholy and of fleme, & is called Tiria,* 1.164 or Serpentina and hath y^e name of an adder that is called Tirus. For as an Adder leaueth lightlye his skin and his scale: so hee that hath this manner Lepra is oft stript and pilled and full of scales. The third manner Le∣pra commeth of melancholy, infecting of bloud, and is called Alopicia,* 1.165 and Vul∣pina: For Alopes in Gréeke, is Vul∣pes in Latine, a Fore in English. The Fore hath a propertie, that his haire sal∣leth in Summer for heat of bloud in the liuer: So oft his haire that hath this euil, falleth from the browes, & from other places. The fourth manner leperhood cō∣meth of red Cholera, corrupt in the mē∣bers with melancholy, & is called Leo∣nina,* 1.166 and hath name of the Lion, that is most hottest beast, fierce and cruell. And this manner Lepra commeth most of fer∣uent humour & passing malitious: And therefore it fretteth as a Lyon, and de∣stroyeth all the members. Then princi∣pally of corrupt Melancholia commeth Lepra that is called Elephancia. Of cor∣rupt fleme commeth Tiria, that is called Serpentina: And of corrupt bloud com∣meth Alopecia, that is called Vulpina also. Of red Cholera commeth the worst of al, that is called Leonina. These foure manners of Lepra haue some common signes and tokens, & some special signes: by the which their speciall diuersitye is busily known. Universally this euil hath much tokens & signes: In them the flesh is notably corrupt, the shape is chaun∣ged, the eyen become rounde: The eye liddes bée riueled, the sight sparkleth, and namely in Leoninn: the nosethrills bée straighted and riueled, and shronke: The voice is horse, namely in Elephan∣cia: Swelling groweth in the bodye, and many small botches and whelkes, harde and rounde in the legges, and in the vtter partes: Féeling is some deale taken awaye: The nayles bée boystous and bounchye, as they were scabbed: The fingers shrinked, and crooked: and the handes bée as they were drye: The breath is corrupte, and oft whole men be infected with the stench there∣of: The flesh and skinne is fattie, inso∣much that they may throw water there∣on, & it is not the more wet, but the wa∣ter slideth off, as it were of a wet hide:

There is also itching, sometime with scabs, and sometime without scabs, also in the body be diuerse speckes, now red, now blacke, now wan, now pale. In the legges be many specks and whelks, and bée now seene and anone vanished: and now broken out, and nowe shrinken in againe. And among the whelkes of the legges, if thou findest one that is more and fowler then the other, it is a token that the lepra is fastned and confirmed, The tokens of Lepra bée most séene in the vtter partes, as in the féete, legges, and face: and namelye in wasting and minishing of the brawnes of the body. Aboue all these conditions of Lepra euery each manner Lepra hath his owne proper and speciall tokens, by the which he is knowne. For they that haue that Lepra that is called Leonina, their cou∣loure is more yeolowe and citrine then other: And also their eien be more spark∣ling, and more strouting out, and moo∣uing, and the skinne more rough, with more chinnes and cliftes oft times: And they haue more fretting and itching then other, and bée more fret and gnawen in all the members at the last. In them that haue the Lepra that is called Allo∣picia, all the haire of the eye liddes, and of the browes fall: and the eyen swell greatly, and bée full redde: In the face be redde pimples and whelks, out of whom oft runneth bloud and matter: In such the noses swell and be great, the vertue of smelling sayleth, and the breath stin∣keth right fowle: and in the gums is full great infection and corruption. In them y^t haue the Lepra that is called Tiria, be soft swelling pimples & whelks: The skin is somewhat whitish & swolne, and somewhat shining with manye lice and wormes. In them be these conditions & many other full euill that come of cor∣rupt fleame and vncleane spittle, gleamy and quittery: The nosethrills be stopped, and other such diseases there be. The ey∣en wéep and run, for resolution and shed∣ding of superfluitie of moysture, the lippes and gums rot, the wosen of the voice is rough, and the voice is hoarse. If they bee let bloud, the bloud turneth into fléeting substaunce, and the parte thereof that is sadde, is white or whi∣tish. And if it be washed, it renleth a∣none, as milke doth, with running, and that in greate quantitie. In them that haue the Lepra that is called Ele∣phancia, the colour and hiew is emulous following & sewing: the face is leadish, the haire of the browes falleth, the eyen be round and the nosethrilles straight: The brawnes bée wasted: and that is commonly in all drye Lepra, more then in moist. Féeling faileth, namelye in the biggest fingers, it increaseth slowly: but when it is increased, it maketh chappes, chinnes, and cliftes: If they bee lette bloud, the bloud is wanne, or browne, and the more it is frotted, the blacker it is, and the harder. In the middle of that bloud be as it were white veynes, and braunches and bowes of sinewes, and that is common in all Lepra. Le∣pra commeth of diuerse causes besides the foresayde humours, as of dwelling and inhabiting and kéeping-companye, and oft talking with leprous men. For the euill is contagious, & infecteth other men.* 1.167 Also it commeth of fleshlye lyking, by a woman soone after that a leprous man hath laye by her. Also it commeth of Father and mother: and so this con∣tagion passeth into the childe as it were by lawe of heritage. And some∣time it falleth when a childe is concey∣ued in menstruall time: And also when a childe is fedde with corrupt milke of a leprous Nurse: and sometime it com∣meth of an outwarde cause, of insect and corrupt ayre. Sometime of euill dyet, as of melancholyke meate, too colde and drye, as of flesh at Kotheren, of As∣ses, and of Beares, & of such other.* 1.168 And sometime it commeth of too hot meates, as of long vse of strong pepper, and of garlike, and of such other: And somtime of corrupt meates, and of meates that he soone corrupt, as of meselyd Hogges, of flesh that haue péeces therein,* 1.169 and is in∣fected with such poison and graines.

And of vncleane wine and corrupt: som∣time of biting of a venimous worme, that infecteth & corrupteth the substance of humours and of members. In these manners and in many other the euill of

Lepra bréedeth in mās body: but howso∣euer it be gendered, vnneth it is curable, but by the helpe of God, if it bée confir∣med: But it may be somewhat hid and let that it destroy not so soone. The pa∣tient shall beware of hurtfull meates, & speciallye of those that bréede melancho∣ly, and also of meates that ouer heateth the bloud. Then he shall vse small and couenable diet, & meats that be not cor∣rupt, neither able to be corrupt soone: And if bloud be the cause, as in Allopecia: then he shall first be let bloud: and then be purged with due medicines. In other manners of Lepra it behooueth first to take medicines, and then to be lot bloud, if it néedeth, and else not. For it shoulde gréeue, if it néeded not, as Constantine sayth. Then hée shall vse due medicines within, and couenable plaisters and oint∣ments without, to withstande the acci∣dents. To heale or to hide Lepra as Plato saith, best is a redde A••er with a white womb, if the venim be away and the taile and the head smi••••en off: and the body sod with léekes,* 1.170 if it bée oft take & eaten. In the same wise •• wine, in y^e which it rotteth, if the patient drinketh ofte thereof. And this medicine helpeth in many euills: as appeareth by the blind man to whome (he saith) his wife gāue an Adder with garlike in stéede of an Ele,* 1.171 that it might slay him, and hée eate it: And after that by much sweate he re∣couered his sight againe.

De Morbo Gallico. Of the French Poxe Chap. 66.

* 1.172IN times past they were called the Spanish Poxe, about the yeare of our Lorde God. 1493. This pestiferous euill crept among the people, it first ap∣pered at Naples,* 1.173 in y^e frēnch mens host, (whereof it tooke the name) afterward the French men loathing the name of French Poxe, tearmed it the Euill of Naples, Sithence which time, it is be∣come the euill to change Countryes. Notwithstanding it was diverslye cal∣led, as Iobs scabbes, ••••••gers Euill, Fiacres sicknesse. The wiser sorte of people did interpreate this disease to bée the wrath of God, a disease of much filthinesse, it is to be taken by drinking with those that haue this Euill, with vsing to their stooles of ease, and Pri∣uies, and soonest with lyeng in theyr beddes, of the cause of this disease. In∣to what disease the French Poxe are tourned, hewe men sought to preuent the same, and of the discription of Gu∣aiacum, Reade the booke Tituled Mor∣bus Galicus, sette forth by Nicholas Massae, Doctour of Phisicke, a Veneti∣an, Anno. 1532. and translated by Tho∣mas Poynell of Marten Abbeye Cha∣non. Anno. 1533. It may easily bée per∣ceiued that Bartholomeus neuer knew of this euill, nor a multitude of other woodes, trées, plants, hearbes, stones, wormes, fishes, birdes, séedes and peo∣ples, which in this worke thou shalt finde, as the place requisite shall declare. Also of this Morbus Galicus, or Variole Maiores, of some named Mentagra, the French Poxe, there bée diuerse, some be moyst, some bée weasing watrishe, some bee drye, some bée like King∣wormes, some bée fistuled, some be feste∣red, some cancarous, some bée lyke Wennes, some bée lyke Biles, some bee knobbed and knurred, and some bée vlterous, hauing a drye scabbe in the middle, some haue ache in the ioyntes, and no outwarde signe of the Poxe, and there is smal Poxe. The abhominablest and filthiest taking of this disease, is by carnall copulation with those y^t haue it. The diet made with Guiacum is the ap∣proued remedy. Use counsaile of the phi∣sition.

Of the Morphew. cap. 67.

MOrphea is speckes in y^e skin, & com∣meth of corruption of meat & drink: And y^t which is leper in y^e flesh, is Mor∣phea in the skin.* 1.174 Also some Morphea is white, & cōmeth of fleme, & some is black, & commeth of Melancholia, & some is red & commeth of Cholera or of bloud. The Morphea y^t commeth of Melancholia & of steme, is hard to heale: And y^e Morphea y^t cometh of bloud is more easie to heale. Morphea is vncurable, if the skin of the fire liepight and pricked with & néedell

and bléedeth not, and if it bléedeth then it is curable.* 1.175 And Morphea is all in the skinne, and Lepra is both in the flesh & in the skinne. This infection differeth but little from the infection that is cal∣led Gutta rosca, that infecteth the face with small and soft pimples, and com∣meth of gleamie, bloudye, and cholarike humours that bée betwéene the skinne and the flesh. In this passion, first the patient shall be let bloud, and the inner humours shall bée purged, and bée holpe with stewes and baths: And so the face shall bée comforted, and the pores ••hall bée opened, & the matter shall passe out: then the sore place shal bée washed with medicines that cleanse and drye, and annointed with couenable ointmentes. Also Constantine sayth, that annointing with the warme bloud of an Hare is good against this infection.* 1.176 For it de∣parteth and smiteth againe, and wast∣eth the bloud that is betwéene the skinne and the flesh. Aboue all things against such an Euill which commeth of humour, that is betwéene the skinne and the flesh, Fimus terrae is best in bathes and in stewes, in diuers séeth∣ings of stroppes and ointmentes.

In drinke it purgeth and cleanseth pim∣ples, whelkes, scabbes, and itching, and drieth superfluitie of humours betwéene the skinne and the flesh, and helpeth and succoureth them that bee disposed to Lepra.

¶Of venemous Wormes. Chap. 68.

OUer and beside the foresayd euills and passions, which bée rehearsed and described before, most perilous death and euills happen and come to man∣kinde by wicked venim. And for that all kinde of venim is contrary to the com∣plection of mankind, it slayeth sodeinly, but men haue the sooner helpe & remedy. Some venim commeth of corruption of meate and drinke: And some of biting, of créeping wormes and of adders, and of serpents, and of other beasts, of whom their humours and téeth be venimous to mans body Also some venim is hot and drye, as the venim of an Adder, which is called Tirus,* 1.177 and of an Adder that is cal∣led Vipera, and other such. And some ve∣nim is colde & drie, as the venim of scor∣pions: and some venim is cold & moyst, as the venim of Spiders.* 1.178 The venim of Serpents & Adders is diuers in mal∣lice, as Auicen saith in Ca••de venonosis. For the venim of males is more sharp and strong then the venim of females. And yet the female Serpents haue moe téeth then males, and therefore they be taken for y^e worse, as Auicen saith there: Also the venim of the olde Serpents is worse then the venim of the young: And of great and long, worse then of y^e short of the same kinde. Also the venim of them that abide in hills and woodes is worse, then of them which bée nigh cliffes and banks of waters. Also y^e ve∣nim is worse that commeth of one that is fasting, then the venim that commeth of one that is full. Also venim is sharper in Summer then in winter: And adders and Serpents sting sooner at the middes of the daye, then in the morning: And sooner by day then by night. For by heat the venim is shedde into the vtter parts, and is in time of coldnesse. as it were frosen in one place. The venim of the Adder that is called Tirus, and of the Adder that is called Vipera, and of all other Adders though it be hot, yet it hap∣peneth, that of theyr biting commeth he∣uinesse and coldnesse, by reson of slaieng & quenching of kinde heat, by contrary∣nesse of venim. For kinde heate by shed∣ding and sprinckling therof heateth the body, when it is ouerset: And as it were queint by strength of venimme, it hea∣teth the vtter partes. Hotte venimme gathereth not togethers the hot bloud of the heart: but it departeth and shed∣deth kinde heate, and slayeth it.

Uenim of a Cockatrice is so violent that it burneth all thing which is nigh it:* 1.179 And so about his denne and his hole nothing waxeth greene. It slayeth sodeinly birdes and fowles that flye a∣fore his denne. All beasts that come nigh be astonied and moue not, but fal down, and so die, onely by his venimous sight, or breathing or whisteling•• And he that

is bitten of him, melteth and swelleth, and casteth venim, and dieth sodeinlye. Uenimme of the Cockatrice is so vio∣lent and strong; that if it be touched with a Spears the touches shall féele the violence of the venimme, 〈…〉〈…〉 Auicen telleth of and that touthed such a worme with his speare in India, and seeth with fall downe dead, and his horse also. Hée that is hurt of a Cockatrice, hath such a token, the body chaungeth sodeinly into gréene coulour & hiew, and sodeine death followeth. And there within the place where y^e Cockatrice dwelleth the venim of an adder that is called Aspi•• is worst, for it slayeth within two hoares or thrée. The tokens of his biting bée those: So∣deine chaunging coulour of the skinne, great poring, sodeine coldnesse of mem∣bers; sléeping, and déepe closing of the eie¦liddes, great and strong thirst •• so that the patient thinketh that he dieth onely for thirst. The venim of another man∣ner adder, that is called Aspis, and is cal∣led also Spuens, spitting, by reason that he slayeth with his spitle, his spitle is so violent, that it slayeth al thing that hath lyfe, if it toucheth that spittle. It slayeth and it be felt. But he that is venimmed féeleth of the first sore & great ach about his bowels and guts, and hath darknesse of eyen and closing, and strong sléepe, with the crampe and ••••resting of the necke and pulse inordinate. And against that venimme helpeth no medicine, but onely cutting off, or burning of the mem∣ber, in the which the venim is cast. For burning fordrieth and closeth and stop∣peth the waies that the venim may not passe vnto the heart. Also the venim of a Dragon is full malitious, & his venim is most in the tayle, and in the Gall. With that venim commeth most heaui∣nesse of bodie, swelling of lippps, and giddinesse, dunnesse and darknesse of the eyen, destroieng of reson, inordinate mo∣uing and féeblenesse of vertue. Uenim of a Scorpion slaieth, but if men haue re∣medy the sooner: Thereof commeth bur∣ning & pricking about the member that is stung. And when it commeth to the heart, the patient swoneth, and breaketh out, & sweateth: And it closeth the heart, of the last, and fréeseth the body with his coldnesse, & thereof commeth death and destroieng of lyfe. Séeke afterward of the propertie of the Scorpion in the last booke.

Among all the venimous beates,* 1.180 a∣ber is most pernitious, for he is as a can∣•••••• to himselfe, a poison to his neigh∣bour, and the diuell before God.

Of the biting of a madde dogge. Chap. 69.

ALso the biting of a woode hound is deadly and venimous. For as Con∣stantine saith, an hound is cold and dry, and in men blacke Cholera hath the ma∣strie, And when that Cholera is altered & rotted, it hath masterie in the body, and maketh the hound wood. For the fumo∣sitie that commeth of blacke Cholera is strong, and infecteth the braine: And so when it commeth aboute into diuerse partes, it infecteth the sayde partes, and then maketh them venimous. Therefore when he biteth anye man, and the veni∣mous spittle commeth into the wounde, the humours and spirites be infected: and the venim that is therein is drawne to the place, that is lyke to the place, in the which the venimme was bread, that is the braine, and then the man is wood. And if he bite another, he infecteth him, and maketh him woode also. And such venimme is perillous. For it is long hidde and vnknowne, and increaseth and multiplieth it selfe, and is sometime vn∣knowne to the yéeres ende, and then the same day and houre of the biting, it com∣meth to the head, and bréedeth phrensie. By féeling of kinde other hounds know and féele a woode hounde: and barke at him, to make him a feard, as saith Con∣stantine. For they féele and knowe, that he is contrarye and noyfull. This ve∣nimous woodnesse falleth most in Har∣uest. For then, because of likenesse, Cho∣lera increaseth, and also in springing time. For then heate is shedde, and not wasted. And so by moouing, it waxeth strong: and commeth out by kinde. For a woode hounds tongue is so venimous, that it maketh the hound to reyle and

stagger, as hée were dronken, and to goe about yaning and driueling, with the tongue hanging out and if his driuelling fall into the water, it infecteth the water, and who that drinketh of that water, shall be Idropicus and woode; Looke o∣ther properties of a woode hounde after∣ward in the Chapter of a dogge. They that be bitten of a woode hounde; haue in theyr sléepes dreadfull sightes, and bée fearefull astonied, and wroth without cause: And they dread to be séene of other men: and barke as houndes: And they dreade water most of all thing, and bée afeard therof ful sore, and scoymous also: And then is this euill vnneth curable. Huc vsque Constantinus. Also there bée manye other venemous things, and pe∣rills of venim: but of such as holy writ maketh special minde, we treat on Ther∣fore touching this worke, the other shal passe at this time. But onely I thinke and hope, that men shall take héede and know that venim worketh in the bodye ful many diseases without number. For all the kinde of venim is contrary to the kind and complection of mankind. When it hath mastery in the body, it distempe∣reth all the kinde, and corrumpeth and chaungeth the spirits and humours with his mallice and sharpnesse. And first ve∣nim assaileth the noblest part of the bo∣dy, that in the place next about the heart: and smiteth with sharpnesse the spirites of féeling in the braine, and distroubleth the limmes of the wits, and of féeling: and féebleth sodeinly their working and theyr dooing: and finiseth and woun∣deth the sinewes, and infecteth the veins and the wosen: and maketh them rough and riueled: and breedeth in the inner partes sore forment, burning, gnawing, and biting. And now if burneth, now it fréeseth, now sheddeth, departeth, and re∣solueth: Nowe it wasteth at full; and fordrieth the substantial moysture of the heart: while it burneth the inner parts, it cooleth the vtter partes, and againe∣warde, it maketh the vtter parte of the bodye full hotte: And yet with his cold∣nesse it staieth, and constraineth the bloud in the veines of the heart. By bréeding of venim in the mēbers, his body swel∣leth, and wexeth nowe pale, nowe glis∣ning; now sode∣nly gréene, nowe blacke and by diuers speckes, which defouleth she body without: his malice is know∣en within, & it bréedeth in the stomacke abhomination, and noifull and horrible wambling▪ And with his sharpnesse it perceth, thirleth, and gnaweth the mem∣bers of life: Therfore to suffer & withstād his r••ise, kinde is vnmightie, and faileth and is ouercome at the last, and the ve∣nim hath masterie in the body, and tur∣neth the humours to his owne, likenesse, and maketh them venimous and noyful and greeuous. And therefore it is peri∣lous to touche such bodyes as bee infec∣ted with venim. For by euaporation and out springing, ofte such bodyes in∣fect and corrupte all thinges neere them. Also though venimme be horrible and enimye to kinde; often it happeneth that d〈…〉〈…〉 is desired of kinde; not for himselfe, but for some swéet thing med∣led therewith, which is friend to kinde: For oft the strength of venimme is hid vnder swéet things and sauourie. Ther∣fore Constantine teacheth; that a man that dreadeth uenim, should not only be∣ware of stinking and bitter things, but also of swéete things sauoury, and salte, and sowre, and of other such. For ofte the mallice of venimme is hidde vnder such things as kinde desireth. Also Con∣stantine teacheth for to knowe by effect and doing, whan venim is taken in meat or in drinke: and sayth, That if a man feeleth burning in meate or in drinke, and the Crampe followeth therevpon a∣none or swelling in the fingers or in the nailes, it is venimous and mortall. And thereof commeth tokens in the fingers & in the nailes, which he made and brend of fumositie of the heart: in token that venimme hath mastery about the innner parts, and sheddeth it selfe thence to the vtter partes. And farther it followeth there: also if he gepeth and driueleth, and the lippes smart and tingle, and if hée féeleth heat in the tongue, and sweateth, and is vexed straight about the heart, & the eyen dim and darke: it néedeth him to host with medicines, or els he dyeth hastely. Then against venim taken into

the bodye, it is a generall medicine to excite spuing, to voyde and put out the venemous matter aboue the spuing, ey∣ther beneth with a clistery: Then with Wine, that Sowthistle is sodde in, hée shall take Triacle that ouercommeth ve∣nim: then hée shall bée purged and ba∣thed, as it néedeth against the venim, and shall bléede at last: His diet shal be or∣deined, that he be fed with fat meates, and meate that stoppeth the veines, that leadeth to the heart: that the veni∣mous vapour and fumositio come not to the heart. In this cause great nuts and Auellanes, and drye Figges helpe. For they drawe and consume, and wast ve∣nim. And therefore they be good before meate and after. Also Constantine saith, that Balsamus with womans milke hel∣peth right soone against the burning and sore ache, which commeth of venemous things. Also there it is sayde, That no cause was of making of Triacle, but onelye to destroy venimous things: and that it doth in thrée manner of wise: for it foredryeth and wasteth venimme: for therein be many thinges that haue ver∣tue of drieng. Also by his vertue it put∣teth out venim. For therein bée many things that bée priuye propertyes con∣trary to venimme. Also it comforteth the members: and therefore against venim it giueth the members might and strength to withstand. For therin be many things that comfort, and if it bée perill to abide and Triacle maye not bée sound: Then as Galen sayth, Garlike shall be brused and sodde anone to dissolution, with a fat hen, and then men shall giue the patient the iuyce to drinke. For it is contrary to venim, and swageth inward burning in a wonderful manner. Therfore Garlike is called Tiriaca rosticorum, Triacle of vplandish men. Also as Constantine saith, without Garlike the iuyce of a hen helpeth. Also liber de simplici medicina, it is sayd, that some things be contrarie to venim, and drawe it out from the in∣ner parts by heate and subtiltie of theyr owne substance: as a Cocke and an hen slitte, and layd to the venimous biting. Also some thinges be contrarye to ve∣nimme by lykenesse and subtiltie of their owne substaunce, and striue against the substaunce of venimme: and therefore by theyr owne lyknesse they drawe ve∣nim to themselues of a priuie property, as y^e flesh of an Adder that is called Ti∣rus, is contrary to venim. And some by double or simple working and vertue strieue against venimme, as Calamunte, luyre of Caule, Orobi Grana, Citra Ipe∣ricon, Nasturcium, Rew, Salt, Léek, A∣ristologia, nuttes eaten with Rew, the root of Aspiragi, and the séede thereof al∣so, Balsamum, vineger, bloud of an Hare, the milke of an Asse, childrens pisse, an Irchins stones, gendering stones of an Hart, and of an Asse, dried and broken, Castorem, Garlike, Gencian, mint, Dip∣tanum, and many other without num∣ber. For because the perills of venim bée many, therefore the goodnesse of God or∣deined passing many Triacles and reme∣dies: but for cause of ensample, these shall suffice now at this time.

Venemum is called Ios, a subtill matter that nature abhorreth.* 1.181 In times past at Rome they would poison soules with Idolatry, and mens stirops & sad∣dles with a venimons villany.

The remedye against the biting of a madde Dogge. Cap. 70.

AGainst the biting of a madde hound,* 1.182 and of other venimous beastes, wise men and ready vse to make the wounds bleede with fyre or with yron, that the venimme maye come out with bloud that commeth out of the wounds. Men vse to doe thereto wormes that are cal∣led Leaches,* 1.183 and bloud suckers, and al∣so Cuppes and hornes, to drawe the ve∣nimme from the inner partes. Men vse to gine inwarde thinges, that bée contrarye to venimme, whether it bée simple or double. Triacle and other such thinges, bée made in a playster, and layde to the woundes without, as Nuttes stamped together with Gar∣lyke, Rewe, and Salte And also Nuttes chewed, and layde vppon the bitten place.

And with these foresayde thinges,

Dioscorides saith, That crabs of riuers haue a priuie vertue against this venim. And therefore Constantine teacheth to giue to such men Triacle with water of a crab. Also ashes of crabs with Genciā, is a perticular remedy against such biting of a wood hound. And against this biting helpeth specially the iuyce of Capritoli, Onions, Rew, Nuts, Garlike, Salt, the twigs of a fig trée, Mint, Orobum. All these, or some of them with vineger and honny, be wholefully laide to such bi∣tings For as Constantine saith, all these draw to themselues venim, & with their heate and drinesse they dissolue, destroy, and consume it Against biting & stinging of a Scorpion the chiefe remedy is oyle, in the which a Scorpion is drowned or sod, and laide to the place that is strong. Also if the same Scorpion or another be brused and laied to the wound, it is the wholesomest remedie, for the venimme of stinging turneth againe into the body that it came out of. Also Constant. saith, That Butter of the milke of a cow, hel∣peth much against the venim of a Scor∣pion. Butter by his fatnesse stoppeth and dissolueth, and wasteth by heat, and clen∣seth, and wipeth by cleannesse and moy∣sture. Then Butter eaten ascendeth to y^e heart and stoppeth the waies, that the smoake of venim may not come to the heart. Also crabbes of riuers helpe, if the ashes of them be eyther by themselues sod or roasted and burne vnto ashes, and mingled with milke of an Asse, as sayth Constantine. Also as he saith, Casteri∣um and Brimstone helpeth, for either is hot and drie in the fourth degrée. And therefore they helpe against venim. For they dissolue by heate and wast by dri∣nesse. Against bitings of adders and ser∣pents, and against the biting of an Ad∣der the which is called Vipera. First the venimme shall be drawne cut with cups, or with hornes, or in some other wise sodeinly: And he shall take Triacle with water of the séething of Gencian, of Rew, or of Mint. And the Triacle shal be laide about the place, and vppon the wound: or garlike broken with salt and rew, if the Triacle faileth. In the begin∣ning the member that is bitten or stung, shall be straightly bound, that the smoak of the venim, may not freely breake into the inner parts, and men shal help with∣in with things that be contrarye to ve∣nim. Also Constantine saith, that against such venim the brain of an hen & lambes dung, & the iuyce of y^e twigs of Pomgra∣nates helpeth well. For as the Cōmen∣tour saith, these dissolue venim & maketh it ready to be wasted.

Lay vpon the place where the Hor∣net,* 1.184 Waspe, or Bee stingeth, a gadde of colde steele.

Of medicine. Chap. 71.

TO giue couenable and true medicine against diuerse sicknesse and perils,* 1.185 a good Phisition needeth to looke well a∣bout, and be full ware and full wel adui∣sed: For nothing letteth more health of sick men, then vncunning and negligence of Phisitions. On the Phisitions side, it néedeth, that he forget nothing y^t belong∣eth to the euill. Also that he be diligent & busie in things that belong to the crafte of medicine: and hée must be ware & ad∣uised in all things. Also to heale & saue effectually: him néedeth to know & vnder∣stand the complections of men, composi∣tions, mixtions, & medlings, both of the humours and of the members, & to vn∣derstand and knowe the dispositions of times, the conditions of male & female, and age. For one manner medicine née∣deth in winter, & another in Summer: And one manner in the beginning of the euill, and another in the full, and another in the passing thereof: One in childhood, & in youth, another in full age, another in olde age: one in the males, another in fe∣males. And him nedeth to know causes & occasions of euills, & tokens, signes, and accidents of all manner euils. For medi∣cine may neuer be sikerly taken,* 1.186 if the cause of the euill is vnknowne. Also him néedeth to know complections, vertue & working of medicinable things: For but he knew what medicine is simple, what compowned, what cold, & what hot, what worketh and amendeth the bodie, what kéepeth heale, and healeth sicknesses: What hardneth and constraineth, and

softneth and laxeth: Hée may neuer safe∣ly passe forth and worke in medicine. Also therefore it néedeth to knowe the qualities of hearbes, and of other medi∣cinable things, and diuersitie of degrées, what is hot and drie, what is colde and moist, in what degrée, if he will not erre in his office. And therefore him néedeth to knowe the during contrarinesse, sim∣plenesse, quantytie and qualitie of y^e pa∣tient, & his vertue and strength, and fée∣blenesse. For a chaunging euill, that is long induring, néedeth stronger medi∣cine, then an euill that is new, and hath not long ••indured. Also a simple euill shall be healed with a simple medicine, and an euill that is compowned of con∣traryes, shal be healed with compowned medicines. For selde a simple medicine heleth a sicknes that is compouned. Also against an hot cause néedeth a colde me∣dicine: and against a colde néedeth an hot medicine: and against a medled cause néedeth a medled medicine. And therefore a Leach and Phisition that is wise and ware, and knoweth the euill, tempereth the qualitie, as the quantitie and quali∣tie of the euil asketh. Also when he séeth that the euill commeth of repletion, hée helpeth it by voiding of the matter, and by scarce dyet. And if it commeth of ab∣stinence, he healeth it with repletion. Al∣so the office of a good Phisition standeth in inquisition and searching of the cau∣ses and circumstaunces of the euill. For he searcheth and séeketh the cause, by light, by handeling, and groping, by v∣rine, and by the pulse: When the cause is knowne, if the matter be hidde déepe within, thē he vseth drawing medicines. And if the matter bée in the fore parts, and without, he laboureth to drawe the matter to the stomacke, that he may the ••asilyer bring it thence. And if the mat∣ter be hard and sad, he giueth medicines that dealeth and distributeth, and all to kitteth, that the matter may be soft, and made ready and easie to voydaunce. Also when the matter is defied and drawne, he vseth the third time laxatiue medy∣cines, that the matter that is defied & dra∣wen; may be lead out by a couenable re∣gion, by spuing, or by shiting, or by swea∣ting. And when the matter is couenably voided, he vseth the fourth time certeine medicines to comfort kinde that is wery and féeble by violence and strength of medicine. And when kinde is comfor∣ted, he vseth certeine medicines resump∣tiue and restoratiue to that, that is lost by strength of the euill, or of medicines. And the restoring shall be made and gi∣uen little and lyttle, and not sodeinlye, by couenable and temporate dyet. For in them, which are so purged and clean∣sed, often kinde desireth much, and so many times the patient taketh more thē he can digest, without he bée restrained, in gouernance of diet by a phisition, ware and wise. At the last when kinde is resto∣red and brought into the former state, he teacheth to vse certeine medicines, pre∣seruatiues, least he that is healed and re∣couered, fall into a worse sicknesse. For such things be couenable, bathes, bloud∣lettings, electuaryes & moderate trauell. For such things awaketh kinde heate, and discharge kinde of superfluitye of humoures, and helpe and comfort dige∣stion. And if the matter bée fléeting or softe, or thinne, then hée vseth constrai∣ning and dryeng medicines, and reper∣cussiues. And when the matter is restrai∣ned and with-helde, a wise Phisition v∣seth to giue couenable laxatiue medy∣cines, to bring out humours that be dis∣solued before, and now constrained: least they abiding still there, eyther fléeting to some other parte, doe putrifie, and so bréed a Feauer, or else ingender another disease: and restraining is wont to be made little and little, least the matter be smitten sodeinlye and fall to some noble mēber, & bréed a more gréeuous sicknes: also purgation is wont to be made then: and then, that it be not sodeinlye done. Then medicine is wont to bée made in thrée manner wise, eyther dissoluing and vnbinding, constrayning and bin∣ding, or restoring. For other bodyes which bée full, bée dissolued, or those that bée vnbounde, bée constrayned, or that which is lost in the bodye is re∣stored: With laxatiue medicines we ••at•• and vnbinde, as with Scamonie: With binding medicines wée binde, as

with Achacia: and with medicine which stoppeth, wée restore, as with meate and drinke that nourisheth and feedeth, and with Electuaryes arrayed there∣fore.* 1.187

¶Then consider thou shortly héere∣off, that a Phisition visiteth ofte the houses and countreies of sicke men: And séeketh and searcheth the causes and circumstaunces of the sicknesse: and arraieth and bringeth with him diuers and contrarye medicines: And he refuseth not to grope and handle, and to wipe and cleanse priuie mem∣bers and woundes of sicke men. And hée behoteth to all men hope and trust of re∣couering of heale: And saith that he will softly burne that which shall bée burnt, and kitte that which shall bee kitte: And least the whole part should bée corrupt,* 1.188 he spareth not to burne and to kit of the part that is rotted: and if a part in the right side aketh, he spareth not to smite in the lefte side.. A good Leach leaueth not kitting or burning for wéeping of the patient. And he hideth and couereth the bitternesse of the medicine with foure manner of swéetnesse.

He drinketh and taasteth of the me∣dicine, ••••though it be bitter: that if be not against the sicke mans heart: and refraineth the sicke man of meat and of drinke: And letteth him haue his owne will, of whose health is neither hope nor trust of recouering. He doth away rotted & dead flesh, that is disposed to corrupti∣on, and with bitter and fretting medi∣cines, and cleanseth running scabs with drieng medicines. And after medicines that slay and burne, he swageth the ach of wounds with comfortable and liking medicines: and when a wound is clensed he heateth the place thereof. And for in∣ward euills gréeue more then outward, a wise Leach taketh héed to cure & expel first inward aking, and cureth the mat∣ter that is harde and corrupte within, with medicines of digestion, as with Oximell, and with sowre strop: And first he dealeth it, and kitteth it, and maketh good to digest, and maketh it readye to the outpassing and voidaunce. For as it is said in principie Aphor. It néedeth by medicine to put off that thing that is defied, and not that thing that is rawe. For when the matter is digested and defied, and made able to voidance, dra∣wing medicine draweth the matter so defied, out of the inner and further parts to the vtter partes. And héereto hel∣peth some bitter things, as Irapigra, and Ieralogodion, and other that smac∣keth of Aloe. For such bitter thinges pearce & come more sooner to the further partes, and cleanse more the vtter parts then other medicines. The third time couenable medicine voydeth and putteth out matter that is so voided and thro∣wen, but that is done warily, least there be too great auoidance: for it grieueth the body, that it is féebled therewith. And sometime is more voided of good hu∣mours then of euill, according to that Hippocrates sayth: it is enimye to kinde and deceiuable, to voide and to put out much sodeinlye, or to heate or to coole. A good Phisition taketh heed to the mat∣ter of the euill, and of the place of the matter: and also of the might and of the strength of the patient: and thereby hée varieth his medicine: for if the master or humour that is in default be voided, it helpeth much the sicke man: and if it help not, the sicke man is more gréeued, as I∣pocrates saith.

Medicines doth consist of two things,* 1.189 in Theorike which is specula∣tion, and in practise, how to frame the medicine to cure and has••en health, and to turne the complections into theyr kindly order and operation, the science is honourable so the Phisition be ho∣nest, and such a one as will not dis∣dayue the poore in theyr necessi∣tie.

¶Of drawing medicine. Chap. 72.

DRawing medicine worketh by subtiltie and heate of substaunce. By his subtiltye it thirleth easilye,* 1.190 and by heate it draweth yron and ma∣nye other thinges that sticketh with∣in, and humours that bee farre with∣in.

[illustration]

Also medicines of digestion be néedefull when the matter is full harde and sad: for it cutteth and dealeth the matter, and so maketh it able to be put out, and ther∣fore it worketh by cutting and depart∣ing, and maketh it thinne. And by the subtiltie of his substaunce, and by helpe of heate, it departeth one part of y^e mat∣ter from that other, as it fareth in me∣dicines,* 1.191 which nesh the matter. Also somtime laxatiue medicine purgeth mat∣ter which is defied, and dissolueth and draweth, as Scamonie, taken in the sto∣mack sendeth from it selfe subtill smoke, which thirleth easely and dissolueth hu∣mours, and maketh them abhominable to kinde, and draweth them by helpe of the vertue of out putting: and when they be drawen, she casteth and putteth them out of the body, and some laxe with their gleyminesse and make slipper, as Mercury and Hockes, and other such: and some perce humors with their sharp∣nesse, as Euforbium: & some with their fatnesse and glewing, thrusting and pres∣sing, as Mirabolianis: and some with their saltnesse biting the guts, as y^e séede of Attriplex: some with their swéete∣nesse and moysture by shedding y^e guts, as Cassia fistula. Also binding medicine worketh by colde and heystous things in substaunce: for the colde parts be ga∣thered togethers, and be let to pearce by the greatnesse of the parts. Sometime they bréed great humours; and therfore they constraine and stop, and comfort the vertue of with holding, as Es••ula: some constraine and stint bloud, as Corallus, Bolus, Emachites, Plantago, and other such. Some binde the wombe, as Cico∣nia, Mora, Kos••, and other such manner. Also hardning medicines renleth y^e mat∣ter and maketh it thicke,* 1.192 and that they doe, by things that be full colde & drye, either moyst, as by Sillium, Semper vi∣ua, Portulaca, Solatrum, and other such. Also softning medicines work by things which be meanly hot, and much moyst, and so doth ripping medicines also. Al∣so opening medicines haue vertue of bur∣ning and of making thin: for they open the wayes which be stopped, and make thin humors that be gleimie and thick, and doth that by hot things and drye. Also a cleansing medicine worketh ei∣ther by vnbinding, as Calamentum, or by softening, as Cassia sistula and Fal∣lowes: or by clensing, as wiping away filth and hoare, by his eat thinesse & dry∣nesse. Also there be manye other diuers medicines, as slaieng, fretting, gnawing, & burning, Diaforetica, repercussiues, mi∣tigatiues, swaging, and other such: Of whom it is treated in lib. De Simphei medicina. But héere we shall make an ende of the seuenth Booke of this present Uolume, which sheweth the infirmities, euills, and diseases of mans body, and of the other part, of medicines and things néedfull for those infirmities.

FINIS LIBRI SEPTIMI.

Notes

• * 1.1

  Cephalea. Peripuen∣mon••a in slamation of y^e lungs
• * 1.2

  Cancer v∣niu〈…〉〈…〉 Elephans. a kind of lepr••••us, that stineneth the ioints.
• * 1.3

  Cephalea Dolor ca¦pius, do∣lor ingens in capito. extreame paine of the head.
• * 1.4

  Psa. 1. ve. ••.6.
• * 1.5

  Augmen¦teth and lesseneth
• * 1.6

  yelovvish
• * 1.7

  The polle
• * 1.8

  Hemicra∣nia, the Megrime, of Hemi, the mid∣dle, & of Craneum the skull: because the paine keepeth the mid∣dle part of the head, & so set∣cher's a compasse about the temples, yet some∣time the griefe wil be more on y^e one side, than on the other.
• * 1.9

  Addition
• * 1.10

  Dandrufe.
• * 1.11

  A chiefe veine.
• * 1.12

  To rub.
• * 1.13

  Addition
• * 1.14

  Cephalar∣gia. So••a. & Cepha∣••a. be in ••e•• p••••nes 〈…〉〈…〉 head.
• * 1.15

  Addition
• * 1.16

  Catar••••••os is the 〈…〉〈…〉 called al∣so Catar∣rus, a Ca∣taru••, In∣undai•• or Distill••∣tio, those commeth of ••ume, the which doth di∣still from the hea••e into y^e sto∣macke, & sometime cōmeth so that the povvers a•• stepped.
• * 1.17

  Willows, the leaues sodden in water.
• * 1.18

  A hot im∣postume.
• * 1.19

  Vexed.
• * 1.20

  Addition
• * 1.21

  Mania, Insania, Furor. Madnesse of phren¦sie, of hu∣mour, & of posses∣sing.
• * 1.22

  Opressed.
• * 1.23

  Diet cu∣reth phrē∣sie, leting bloud cu¦reth hu¦mour. & both vvith ear¦nest pra••¦er vnto God cu¦reth pos¦session.
• * 1.24

  Or skill.
• * 1.25

  Want of perseue∣rance or knovv∣ledge.
• * 1.26

  Stirred or prouosed
• * 1.27

  Surmi∣sings.
• * 1.28

  Epilencia.
• * 1.29

  Epilepsia. C••u••lcio Morbus cōma••ialis Morbus sac••••.
• * 1.30

  Morbus ••a••culeus Biotbus Caducus, Morbus Mahome∣tus.
• * 1.31

  Ira Dei. Zoilei, so called of Plini, and this d••••l•• is a sche∣me•• infla∣mation &
• * 1.32

  serning of y^e body ••eruents ••umor.
• * 1.33

  Stinging of Pis∣meres.
• * 1.34

  Grieues
• * 1.35

  Boxing or launcing.
• * 1.36

  Whether to eate or to Imel to he writeth not••: Do••ng.
• * 1.37

  Addition
• * 1.38

  Stern••••a∣tio.
• * 1.39

  Addition
• * 1.40

  Tremore.
• * 1.41

  Pearse through.
• * 1.42

  Spasmos. Cō••ultio Kindly mouing.
• * 1.43

  Contrac∣tio Neruo∣rum. Very cold
• * 1.44

  Corpolē••.
• * 1.45

  Addition
• * 1.46

  Paralisia. Dislolutio
• * 1.47

  Sosinc••••.
• * 1.48

  Addition
• * 1.49

  Passioni∣bus oculo∣rum. Oculu••. Opthal∣mos.
• * 1.50

  Addition
• * 1.51

  Addition
• * 1.52

  Lactime. Dac••ya.
• * 1.53

  Coōmin.
• * 1.54

  De priua∣tione vi∣sus. 1.aecus. Caecitas
• * 1.55

  Purgatiōs
• * 1.56

  The ••im.
• * 1.57

  Supposeth
• * 1.58

  Is void of daunger.
• * 1.59

  Warily.
• * 1.60

  Without doores.
• * 1.61

  Cophosis Surditas Deafnesse
• * 1.62

  Thinketh or suppo∣seth.
• * 1.63

  Matter.
• * 1.64

  Addition
• * 1.65

  Polipus. Excrecen∣sia carnis in naso, a fleshy hu∣mor grow¦ing in the nose.
• * 1.66

  Launcing. Skill, Addition
• * 1.67

  Before y^e chaunge or nevv∣bloone.
• * 1.68

  Addition
• * 1.69

  Fetor nari¦um or Fe∣tor aisella¦ru, stench of the mouth.
• * 1.70

  The breth of the le∣pers doth infect
• * 1.71

  Fasting breath is stronger▪ but after meate al∣most 〈◊〉〈◊〉 away for the time.
• * 1.72

  Addition
• * 1.73

  Riuen or crackt.
• * 1.74

  Addition
• * 1.75

  Glossa. Glotta Lingua, y^e tongue
• * 1.76

  Extemity
• * 1.77

  Addition
• * 1.78

  Raucedo Brauchos hoarienes
• * 1.79

  Addition
• * 1.80

  A dange∣rous 〈…〉〈…〉 that must haue helpe ••pe∣dely.
• * 1.81

  His ovvne gu••••.
• * 1.82

  Imboxing
• * 1.83

  Addition
• * 1.84

  Asthma Anlichte•• shortnese of ••••de.
• * 1.85

  Onhop∣noisis. ••ects spi∣ratio
• * 1.86

  Sl••o••te bret••••hm hapneth to those that may not lye dowar in their been
• * 1.87

  Addition
• * 1.88

  Sputum. Ptisina. Speule.
• * 1.89

  Right breast.
• * 1.90

  Addition
• * 1.91

  Pertisi.
• * 1.92

  Addition
• * 1.93

  Tromos in grecke. Tremore or lectiga¦ris, or Morbus officialis Cardiaca passio.
• * 1.94

  Addition
• * 1.95

  Mans bo∣dy is of spirit hu∣mor, and members.
• * 1.96

  Cambiū.
• * 1.97

  Glutinū.
• * 1.98

  Addition
• * 1.99

  Febris pu∣trida, or Humora∣lis, the pu¦trified hu¦mours.
• * 1.100

  Addition
• * 1.101

  Chāgable
• * 1.102

  Ague courses.
• * 1.103

  Addition
• * 1.104

  Febris ter∣ciana.
• * 1.105

  Addition
• * 1.106

  Febris quartana.
• * 1.107

  Addition
• * 1.108

  Febris acuta. The sharp Cotidian
• * 1.109

  Addition
• * 1.110

  Addition
• * 1.111

  Squamule
• * 1.112

  Ho••ilpila tio.
• * 1.113

  The stan∣ding vp of a mans haire.
• * 1.114

  Disliking.
• * 1.115

  Emptines.
• * 1.116

  Addition.
• * 1.117

  Bulimos.
• * 1.118

  Hunger.
• * 1.119

  Addition
• * 1.120

  Singultus Alexos, Ligmos In Arabia Alsoach, Hicket.
• * 1.121

  Sodeine disquiet.
• * 1.122

  Vomitis. Emitos. Vomiting
• * 1.123

  Addition
• * 1.124

  Dolor. fretting in y^e body
• * 1.125

  Addition
• * 1.126

  Tormiui∣um. Gnawing in y^e belly.
• * 1.127

  Addition
• * 1.128

  Addition
• * 1.129

  Dissinteri a al••o cal¦led ••xul∣ceratio in restinoru A slixe.
• * 1.130

  Addition
• * 1.131

  Lienveria Imperfect digestion Leuor.
• * 1.132

  Addition
• * 1.133

  Anasarca Iposatea, a kind of Dropsie. yposarca, Sarcites.
• * 1.134

  As••ites. kindes of h••ds••p•• in the belly.
• * 1.135

  Timpani¦tis, that vvhich causeth y^e bellye to swell, and is cause of shorre breath.
• * 1.136

  Addition
• * 1.137

  Hictericia or Icteri∣cia, the Iavvnes.
• * 1.138

  Addition
• * 1.139

  Haemer∣rhoides. Emerodes and piles
• * 1.140

  Addition
• * 1.141

  Nephroi, Rines, the reynes, of a mans backe
• * 1.142

  Copy or quauie.
• * 1.143

  Diamp∣nes a pas∣siō in the bladder: this dis∣cale must bee cured with skil∣full medi∣cines, and not vrish hasly cor∣rections.
• * 1.144

  Diabetica passio, im¦moderate pissing.
• * 1.145

  Addition
• * 1.146

  Kyli. Names.
• * 1.147

  Addition
• * 1.148

  Morthus a••t••culuis the goute in the ••oynis.
• * 1.149

  Addition
• * 1.150

  The age of the Moone.
• * 1.151

  Aposte∣ma. Postume.
• * 1.152

  th•••• vve or •••••••• ••alu••e.
• * 1.153

  Antrax is a felon or whisslavv
• * 1.154

  Triacle in a plaister.
• * 1.155

  Vlcera, Water blaines & flock to.
• * 1.156

  Pustule. Wheles or pushes
• * 1.157

  Of a pesti¦lēt force.
• * 1.158

  Addition
• * 1.159

  Psora. Scabies. Scabbes.
• * 1.160

  Addition
• * 1.161

  Impetigo A kind of Ring∣worme
• * 1.162

  Lepra.
• * 1.163

  Elephācia
• * 1.164

  Tiria.
• * 1.165

  Alopecia
• * 1.166

  Leonina.
• * 1.167

  Leprosie infecteth
• * 1.168

  Ba••ren kine oftē bulled. Asses & Beares flesh.
• * 1.169

  Mesesid Porke
• * 1.170

  Soakes ••••••sh.
• * 1.171

  A Soake.
• * 1.172

  Morbus Galicus.
• * 1.173

  This chap∣ter is ad∣ded.
• * 1.174

  Morphea
• * 1.175

  A sauce flume face, is a priuye signe of leprosie.
• * 1.176

  Bloud of a Hare.
• * 1.177

  Looke in y^e 18. boke Tirus.
• * 1.178

  Of the poi¦son of Spi¦ders & of Scorpiōs.
• * 1.179

  This is of no assu∣red testi∣monye, but by cōicture.
• * 1.180

  Addition
• * 1.181

  Addition
• * 1.182

  Digma. Morsus. Biting.
• * 1.183

  Horse∣leaches.
• * 1.184

  Addition
• * 1.185

  Pharma∣ria, or A∣cesis, Medicina Medicine Schato∣phagos.
• * 1.186

  Truely.
• * 1.187

  Prepared.
• * 1.188

  Few Phisi¦tions and Chirurgi∣ons vse in these daies such diligence.
• * 1.189

  Addition
• * 1.190

  So••eth in to y^e inner partes.
• * 1.191

  Sosien
• * 1.192

  Cōieleth